A01 IBPH SB HIGGLB 4426 PRE - Pearson...
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Contents Introduction vii 1: Physics and physical measurement 1 1.1 Fundamental quantities 1 1.2 Measurement 4 1.3 Collecting data 6 1.4 Presenting processed data 7 1.5 Vectors and scalars 10 2: Mechanics 17 2.1 Kinematics 17 2.2 Free fall motion 22 2.3 Graphical representation of motion 23 2.4 Projectile motion 27 2.5 Forces and dynamics 31 2.6 Newton’s laws of motion 35 2.7 The relationship between force and acceleration 37 2.8 Newton’s third law 41 2.9 Work, energy and power 47 2.10 Uniform circular motion 57 3: Thermal physics 66 3.1 Thermal concepts 66 3.2 Thermal properties of matter 71 3.3 Kinetic model of an ideal gas 78 3.4 Thermodynamics 81 3.5 Thermodynamic processes 86 3.6 The second law of thermodynamics 91 4: Simple harmonic motion and waves 100 4.1 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion 100 4.2 Energy changes during simple harmonic motion (SHM) 108 4.3 Forced oscillations and resonance 110 4.4 Wave characteristics 115
Transcript of A01 IBPH SB HIGGLB 4426 PRE - Pearson...
Contents
Introduction vii
1: Physics and physical measurement 1
1.1 Fundamental quantities 1
1.2 Measurement 4
1.3 Collecting data 6
1.4 Presenting processed data 7
1.5 Vectors and scalars 10
2: Mechanics 17
2.1 Kinematics 17
2.2 Free fall motion 22
2.3 Graphical representation of motion 23
2.4 Projectile motion 27
2.5 Forces and dynamics 31
2.6 Newton’s laws of motion 35
2.7 The relationship between force and acceleration 37
2.8 Newton’s third law 41
2.9 Work, energy and power 47
2.10 Uniform circular motion 57
3: Thermal physics 66
3.1 Thermal concepts 66
3.2 Thermal properties of matter 71
3.3 Kinetic model of an ideal gas 78
3.4 Thermodynamics 81
3.5 Thermodynamic processes 86
3.6 The second law of thermodynamics 91
4: Simple harmonic motion and waves 100
4.1 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion 100
4.2 Energy changes during simple harmonic motion (SHM) 108
4.3 Forced oscillations and resonance 110
4.4 Wave characteristics 115
Contents
4.5 Wave properties 122
4.6 Standing (stationary) waves 130
4.7 The Doppler effect 135
4.8 Diffraction at a single slit 138
4.9 Resolution 141
4.10 Polarization 144
4.11 Uses of polarization 146
5: Electrical currents 157
5.1 Electric potential difference, current and resistance 157
5.2 Electric circuits 164
6: Fields and forces 181
6.1 Gravitational force and field 181
6.2 Gravitational potential 186
6.3 Escape speed 190
6.4 Orbital motion 192
6.5 Electric force and field 195
6.6 Electric potential 200
6.7 Magnetic force and field 204
6.8 Electromagnetic induction 209
6.9 Alternating current 214
6.10 Transmission of electrical power 218
7: Atomic and nuclear physics 225
7.1 Atomic structure 225
7.2 The quantum nature of light 228
7.3 The wave nature of matter 232
7.4 Quantum models of the atom 236
7.5 Nuclear structure 238
7.6 Radioactive decay 244
7.7 Half-life 251
7.8 Nuclear reactions 256
8: Energy, power and climate change 265
8.1 Energy degradation and power generation 265
8.2 World energy sources 269
8.3 Fossil fuel power production 273
8.4 Nuclear power 277
8.5 Solar power 285
8.6 Hydroelectric power 287
8.7 Wind power 290
8.8 Wave power 292
8.9 The greenhouse effect 294
8.10 Global warming 301
8.11 What might happen and what can be done? 305
9: Digital technology 311
9.1 Analogue and digital signals 311
9.2 Data capture; digital imaging 323
10 (Option E): Astrophysics 332
10.1 Introduction to the universe 332
10.2 Stellar radiation and stellar types 338
10.3 Light from stars 340
10.4 Types of star 344
10.5 Stellar distances 347
10.6 Magnitude 351
10.7 Stellar processes and stellar evolution 354
10.8 Cosmology 358
10.9 Development of the universe 362
11 (Option F): Communications 369
11.1 Radio communication 369
11.2 Digital signals 376
11.3 Optic fibre transmission 385
11.4 Channels of communication 390
11.5 Electronics 396
11.6 The mobile phone system 403
12 (Option G): Electromagnetic waves 411
12.1 The nature of EM waves and light sources 411
12.2 X-rays 421
12.3 Two-source interference of waves 424
12.4 Interference by thin films 428
12.5 Interference by air wedges 431
12.6 Diffraction grating 432
12.6 X-ray diffraction 434
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Contents
12.8 Lenses and image formation 437
12.9 Optical instruments 442
12.10 Aberrations 449
13 (Option H): Relativity 456
13.1 Special relativity 456
13.2 Time dilation 463
13.3 Length contraction 467
13.4 Mass and energy 470
13.5 General relativity 475
13.6 Space-time and black holes 478
14 (Option I): Medical physics 485
14.1 The ear and hearing 485
14.2 Medical imaging 492
14.3 Radiation in medicine 502
15 (Option J): Particles 512
15.1 Description and classification of particles 512
15.2 Fundamental interactions 515
15.3 Particle accelerators 520
15.4 Particle detectors 526
15.5 Quarks 532
15.6 Feynmann diagrams 536
15.7 Experimental evidence for the quark and standard models 539
15.8 Cosmology and strings 543
16: Theory of knowledge 550
Internal assessment 560
Extended essay 572
Appendix: The eye and sight 577
Answers 582
Index 612
