A-Z of British Culture: Novel and Poetry
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An A-Z Of British Culture
The Novel and Poetry
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
The Novel and Poetry• Introduction
• Literary Institutions• Early Influences
• 1940 and 1950s • Major Figures• New Arrivals
• 1960s and 1970s• Major Figures• The Campus Novel• Populist Trends• Feminism and Fiction
• 1970s and 1980s• Major Figures• New Directions
• Women’s Writing• Gay Writing
• 1980s and 1990s• Major Figures• Scottish, Welsh and Northern
Irish Literature• The Cry of the Colonies• Migrants’ Tales
• English Literature Today• Evergreens and New Genres
• Poetry• ‘The Movement’• Hughes and Heaney• New Developments
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Literary Institutions
Department of Literature and Creative Writing, University of East Anglia
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Early Influences on English Literature
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), Nobel
Prize for Literature, 1907
George Bernard Shaw
(1856-1950)
T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)
H.G. Wells (1866-1946)
D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930)
George Orwell (1903-50)
E.M. Forster (1979-1970)
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
Thomas Hardy (1849-1928)
Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
James Joyce (1882-1941)
Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
1940s and 1950s: Major FiguresOld Generation
New Arrivals
John Osborne Colin Wilson Alan Sillitoe Keith Waterhouse Kingsley Amis
William Golding
Graham Greene
Evelyn Waugh
Philip Larkin
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
1940s and 1950s: Important Works• John Wain, Hurry on Down (1953)• Kingsley Amis, Lucky Jim (1954)• Iris Murdoch, Under the Net (1954); The Bell (1958)
• Colin Wilson, The Outsider (1956)• Samual Selvon, The Lonely Londoners (1956)
• John Braine, Room at the Top (1957)
• Colin MacInnes, City of Spades (1957); Absolute Beginners (1959); Mr Love and Justice (1960)
• Alan Sillitoe, Saturday Night, Sunday Morning (1958)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
1960s and 1970s: Major FiguresMuriel Spark
John Fowles
Iris Murdoch
Anthony Burgess
Malcolm Bradbury
David Lodge
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1960s and 1970s: Important Works
• Muriel Spark, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961); Girls of Slender Means (1963); Public Image (1968)
• Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange (1962); Malayan Trilogy (1972); Earthly Powers (1980); Enderby Novels (1963-84)
• John Fowles, The Collector (1963); The Magus (1966); The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969)
• Iris Murdoch, A Fairly Honourable Defeat (1970s); An Accidental Man (1971); The Sea, The Sea (Booker Prize, 1978)
• Kingsley Amis, Jake’s Thing (1978)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Campus Novels
Populist Trends1975 19841965 19751963-84
Richard Allen Boot-Boy, Suedehead (1971), Skinhead, Skinhead Escapes, Glam
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Feminism and Fiction• Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch
(1970)• Establishment of feminist publishing
houses, e.g. Virago, the Women’s Press, Pandora
• Appearance of feminist authors, e.g. Stevie Smith, Storm Jameson, Rebecca West, Rose Macaulay
• Margaret Drabble, The Millstone (1965); The Ice Age (1977); The Radiant Way, A Natural Curiosity, The Gates of Ivory (1980)
• Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea (1966)• Eva Figes, Winter Journey (1967);
Days (1974); Nelly’s Version (1977)• Fay Weldon, Down Among Women
(1971); Praxis (1978); The Cloning of Johanna May (1989)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Doris Lessing (b. 1919)• The Grass is Singing (1950)• Children of Violence (1952-69): Martha
Quest (1952); A Proper Marriage (1954); A Ripple from the Storm (1958)
• The Golden Notebook (1962)• Briefing for a Descent into Hell (1971)• The Summer Before the Dark (1973) • Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979-83)• The Good Terrorist (1985)• The Fifth Child (1988)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
1970s and 1980s: Major Figures
Martin Amis
Anita Brookner
Ian McEwan
A. S. Byatt
Graham Swift
Julian Barnes
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
New Directions• Martin Amis, The Rachel Papers (1973);
Dead Babies (1975); Success (1979); Money (1984); Einstein’s Monsters (1986)
• Ian McEwan, First Love, Last Rites (1975); Between the Sheets (1977); The Ploughman’s Lunch (1983); Enduring Love (1997); Amsterdam (1998)
• Graham Swift, Waterland (1983); Out of this World (1987)
• Peter Ackroyd, The Great Fire of London (1982); Hawksmoor (1985)
• Julian Barnes, Metroland (1980); Flaubert’s Parrot (1984); Cross Channel (1996); England, England (1998)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Women’s Writing• Penelope Lively, A House Inside
Out (1987); The Road to Lichfield (1977); Moon Tiger (1987)
• Anita Brookner, Hotel du Lac (Booker Prize Winner, 1984); A Friend from England (1987); Fraud (1992)
• A.S. Byatt, Possession (Booker Prize, 1990)
• Other major figures: Maureen Duffy, Penelope Fitzgerald, Penelope Mortimer, Rose Tremain
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
• Angela Carter, The Magic Toyshop (1967); Heroes and Villians (1969); The Passion of New Eve (1977); Moonshadow (1982); Artificial Fire (1988)
• Jeanette Winterson, Boating for Beginners (1985); Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985); The Passion (1987); Sexing the Cherry (1989); Written on the Body (1992)
• Other figures: Zoe Fairbairns, Marina Warner, Sara Maitland
Gay writing: • Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming
Pool Library (1988); Adam Mars-Jones, Lantern Lecture (1981)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
1980s and 1990s: Major Figures
Salman Rushdie
Irvine Welsh
Barry Unsworth
Caryl Phillips
Kazuo Ishiguro
Nick Hornby
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Scottish Literature• Alasdair Gray, Lanark (1981)• Iain Banks, The Wasp Factory (1984); The
Bridge (1986); The Crow Road (1992)• James Kelman, Greyhound for Breakfast
(1987); A Disaffection (1989); How Late It Was, How Late (Booker Prize, 1994)
• Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting (1993); The Acid House (1994)
Welsh Literature• William Owen Roberts, Y Pla (1987)• Jasper Fforde, The Eyre Affair (1998)
Northern Irish Literature• Bernard MacLaverty, Lamb (1980); Cal
(1983); Grace Notes (1997)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
The Cry of the ColoniesNon-British Booker Prize winners:• 1982: Thomas Keneally, Schindler’s Ark• 1985: Keri Hulme, The Bone People• 1988: Peter Carey, Oscar and Lucinda• 1989: Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the
Day• 1991: Ben Okri, The Famished Road• 1997: Arundhati Roy, The God of Small
Things• 1999: J. M. Coetzee, Disgrace• 2002: Yann Martel, Life of Pi
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• Nadine Gordimer, Face to Face (1949); Burgher’s Daughter (1979); My Son’s Story (1990); winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, 1991
• Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (1958); A Man of the People (1966); Anthills of the Savannah (1988); Dangerous Love (1996)
• V.S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas (1961); Mr Stone and the Knight’s Companion (1963); In a Free State, (Booker Prize winner, 1971); The Enigma of Arrival (1987); winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, 2001
• Derek Walcott, Omeros (1989); The Odyssey (1992); winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, 1992
• Ben Okri, Flowers and Shadows, (1980); The Famished Road (Booker Prize winner, 1991); In Arcadia (2002)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Migrants’ Tales• Timothy Mo, Monkey King (1980); Sweet, Sour
(1982); Insular Possession (1986); The Redundancy of Courage (1991)
• Caryl Phillips, The Final Passage (1985)• Hanif Kureishi, My Beautiful Launderette
(screenplay,1985); The Buddha of Suburbia (1990); The Black Album (1995)
• Kazuo Ishiguro, An Artist of the Floating World (1986); Remains of the Day (1989)
• David Dabydeen, The Intended (1991)• Meera Syal, Anita and Me (1996); Life Isn’t All
Ha Ha Hee Hee (1999)• Zadie Smith, White Teeth (2000); The
Autograph Man (2002)• Monica Ali, Brick Lane (2003)
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Salman Rushdie (b. 1947)• Midnight’s Children, 1981; Booker
Prize Winner, 1981 and 1993• Shame, 1983• The Jaguar Smile, 1987• The Satanic Verses, 1988• Haroun and the Sea of Stories, 1990• Imaginary Homelands, 1991• East, West, 1994• The Moor’s Last Sigh, 1995• Fury, 2001
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Today: Evergreens and New GenresEvergreens• Traditional romances, historical dramas:
Catherine Cookson , Jilly Cooper• Detective novels: P.D. James, Ruth Rendell,
Colin Dexter, Ian Rankin• Science-fiction novels: as J.G. Ballard, Brian
Aldiss, Ray Bradbury, Michael Moorcock New Genres• Non-fictional autobiography: Beckham, Robbie
Williams• Fictional autobiography: Nick Hornby, Fever
Pitch (1992), High Fidelity (1994); Helen Fielding, Bridget Jones‘s Diary (1997)
• Astrology, alternative medicine, ‘self-help‘
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
PoetryNew Arrivals• Philip Larkin, The Less Deceived
(1955), The Whitsun Weddings (1964), All What Jazz (1970)
• Robert Conquest (ed.), New Lines (1956)• Foundation of ‘the Movement’ (Wain,
Amis, Larkin)‘Pop Poetry’• The Mersey Poets: Roger McGough,
Adrian Henri, Brian Patten; The Mersey Sound (1967)
• John Cooper-Clarke
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
Hughes and HeaneyTed Hughes (1930-1998)• The Hawk in the Rain (1957)• 1984: Appointed as Poet Laureate• Rain Charm for the Duchy (1992)• Birthday Letters (1995)
Seamus Heaney (b. 1939)• Death of a Naturalist (1966); Door into the
Dark (1969); Wintering Out (1972); North (1975); Fieldwork (1979); The Redress of Poetry (1990); Seeing Things (1991)
• Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995
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New DevelopmentsBenjamin Zephaniah• Pen Rhythm (1980), The Dread Affair
(1985), Inna Liverpool (1998), Propaganda (1996), Too Black, Too Strong (2001)
Linton Kwesi Johnson• Inglan is a Bitch (1980), Bass Culture
(1980), Making History (1984)David Dabydeen• Slave Song (1984), Coolie Odyssey (1988)
Other figures:Tom Paulin, Paul Durcan, PaulMuldoon, Derek Malion (N. Ireland)Andrew Motion, Tony Harrison,Geoffrey Hill, James Fenton
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Dewhurst: WS 2004/05An A-Z of British Culture
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