Module Handbook

Module Title:Research Dissertation Module Code:PY7PA6

Module Leader: Dr Samantha Banbury Insert related image here, if appropriate

Session: Insert year Teaching period: Pre-requisites: Where appropriate

Weblearn URL: https://student.londonmet.ac.uk/weblearn/

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Welcome to [PY7PA6]Session [2019-2020]

Module Booklet Contents

1. Teaching team........................................................................................................................... 3

2. Module Summary and Description.................................................................................... 3Module Learning Outcomes..............................................................................................................................3Module Syllabus/Content....................................................................................................................................3

3. Indicative weekly teaching programme..........................................................................4

4. Attendance and Absence...................................................................................................... 5

5. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism...................................................................................5

6. Assessment................................................................................................................................ 6

7. Grading criteria......................................................................................................................... 8

8. Module specification............................................................................................................... 8

9. Guidelines for students including staff research interests………………...10

1. Teaching team

Details of staff teaching on the moduleName Role Office and

office hoursEmail

Samantha Banbury

Module leader

TM174 s.banbury1@londonmet.ac.uk

Verity DiMascio

Course leader MSc Psychology Mental Health

v.dimascio@londonmet.ac.uk

Chris Lange-Kuettner

Course leader MSc Child, adolescent

c.langekuettner@londonmet.ac.uk

Chris Chander Course leader MSc Addiction

c.chandler@londonmet.ac.uk

Olaide Asuni Academic Mentor

o.asuni@londonmet.ac.uk

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2. Module Summary and Description

1.To develop to an advanced level the research skills that are introduced in the MSc research methods modules

2.To provide a formal framework for supervising research project work3.To enable students to relate research methods and principles taught to a range of

different research applications 4.To enable students to present their work to others in an academic manner

Module Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module students will be able to:1. Plan and execute, using independent judgement, a piece of original research

relevant to the psychology of mental health 2. Demonstrate innovation and originality of thought with respect to basic and

applied research3. Select, carry out and interpret research findings using either quantitative or

qualitative analysis techniques to an advanced level of capability4. Critically interpret and place their own research within the wider context of

psychological research5. Write a detailed and concise project dissertation or systematic review in a re-

search paper format suitable for publication6. Be able to defend their research ideas through presentation of a research

poster and defence of their findings.7. Demonstrate knowledge and a critical understanding of the role of research in

the academic and professional development of psychology, including the philosophy, ethics and purpose of research

Module Syllabus/Content

This module consists of supervision of research projects and there is no taught syllabus. However, general support workshops in Weeks 3, 7 and 9 Autumn semester (not specific to this module) will cover: 1. Requirements, 2. time-scale and planning, 3.Ethics and ethical applications

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3. Indicative support sessions

Workshops in support of your research ethics development will be held on the following dates:-

27/11/201911/12/2019

To pass the module you must achieve an overall minimum mark of 40%. If you pass the module on re-assessment, the component you resit will be capped at a pass mark level of 40%

4. Attendance and Absence

You are required to attend all teaching sessions of this module. If your attendance is unsatisfactory, the module leader will arrange that you are withdrawn the module. Before doing this, the hub will email you to inform you of this. If there is a specific reason why you cannot attend a particular session, you must contact the module leader in advance of the lecture. If the reason is accepted, it will be noted on the register as an authorised absence. You will only be granted authorised absence for one week; if the absence is longer you must discuss this further with your Student Liaison Advisor or Academic Tutor.

5. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

Academic integrity requires honesty in your studies. You should not present another person’s sentences or ideas as your own work. You should clearly identify quotations through the use of quotation marks and references to the sources. Failure to adhere to these academic standards may lead to allegations of academic misconduct, which will be investigated by the Casework Office.

Academic misconduct covers a variety of practices, such as: Plagiarism: copying another person’s ideas or words and presenting them as

your own work, without the use of quotation marks and/or references; Self-plagiarism: reproducing parts of one of your assignments in another

piece of work; Inventing, altering or falsifying the results of experiments or research; Commissioning another person to complete an assessment; Collaborating with others in the production of a piece of assessed work which

is presented as entirely your own work; Cheating in an exam (e.g., by taking revision notes into the exam room).

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For full details of academic misconduct and how allegations are investigated, see the relevant section of the University’s academic regulations: https://student.londonmet.ac.uk/your-studies/student-administration/rules-and-regulations/academic-misconduct/.

6. Assessment

All assessments are designed to support your learning and help you develop a deeper understanding of the topics covered in your module.

Summative assessment contribute to your overall mark and grades.

The assessment for this module is linked with the work placement and is in two parts:1. Research Dissertation OR Systematic Review (7000-10,000 words) including learning log (90%)2. Poster Presentation (10%)

Assessment Percentage Learning Outcomes Systematic Review 90 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Research Dissertation 90 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Poster Presentation 10 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

8. Module specification

Module Specification template

The University’s course specification template has been developed to fulfil two main functions; it shall act:

as a source of information for students and prospective students seeking an understanding of the module

to ensure that there is clarity concerning the aims and intended learning outcomes for the module for the University during the approval and periodic review process

Part One: ABOUT THE MODULE1 Module title Research Project2 Module code PY7PA63 Module level and credit rating Level 7 204 School School of Social Sciences5 Teaching period Spring and Summer Period (15 weeks)6 Mode of attendance Day7 Module pre-requisites and co-requisites8 Module description

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1. To develop to an advanced level the research skills that are introduced in the MSc re-search methods modules

2. To provide a formal framework for supervising research project work3. To enable students to relate research methods and principles taught to a range of differ-

ent research applications4. To enable students to present their work to others in an academic manner

9 Module learning outcomesList and number the learning outcomes.Learning outcomes must be constructively aligned to demonstrate:

Appropriateness to the Level of the module Attribution to the indicative syllabus Attribution to the assessment items

NOTE:.please consider what is the appropriate number of LOs for a module at this level and with this credit rating.

On successful completion of this module students will be able to:8. Plan and execute, using independent judgement, a piece of original research relevant to

the psychology of mental health 9. Demonstrate innovation and originality of thought with respect to basic and applied re-

search10. Select, carry out and interpret research findings using either quantitative or qualitative

analysis techniques to an advanced level of capability11. Critically interpret and place their own research within the wider context of psycholo-

gical research12. Write a detailed and concise project dissertation or systematic review in a research pa-

per format suitable for publication13. Be able to defend their research ideas through presentation of a research poster and

defence of their findings.14. Demonstrate knowledge and a critical understanding of the role of research in the aca-

demic and professional development of psychology, including the philosophy, ethics and purpose of research

10 Indicative syllabus – for full details see section C in Module BookletThis module consists of supervision of research projects and there is no taught syllabus. However, general support workshops in Weeks 3, 7 and 9 Autumn semester (not specific to this module) will cover: 1. Requirements, 2. time-scale and planning, 3.Ethics and ethical applications

Indicate LO addressed

11 Indicative bibliography and key on-line resources Identify core and additional readingLiaise with Library Services to confirm availability of on-line licenses in academic year

Where possible, the most current version of reading materials is used during the delivery of this module. Comprehensive reading lists are provided to students in their handbooks. Reading Lists will be updated annually.

Breakwell, G. M., Hammond, S., Fife-Schaw, C. and Smith J. A. (eds). (2006). Research methods in psychology. (3rd ed) London: Sage. [Core reading]

BPS ( Aug, 2009) . Code of ethics and conduct. [Core reading] http://www.bps.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/code_of_ethics_and_conduct.pdf

British Psychological Society (2014). Code of Human Research Ethics. [Core reading]

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https://bblearn.londonmet.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-1089864-dt-content-rid-2794127_1/orgs/flsc_ethics-psy_2014-15/2014-Code%20of%20Human%20Research%20Ethics.pdf

British Psychological Society (2013). Ethics Guidelines for Internet Mediated Research. [Core reading] https://bblearn.londonmet.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-1089880-dt-content-rid-2741920_1/orgs/flsc_ethics-psy_2014-15/inf206-guidelines-for-internet-mediated-research.pdf

Dancey, C.P., & Reidy, J., (2014). Statistics without Maths for Psychology. 6TH ed. Pearson Education Limited. [Core reading]

Davies, M.B., & Huges, N., (2014). Doing a Successful Research Project: Using Qualitative or Quantitative Methods. 2ND ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Core reading.

Howell, D.C., (2010). Statistical Methods for Psychology. 7th ed. Belmont, Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Kline, P (2000) The Handbook of Psychological Testing. (2nd eds). London: Routledge. [Core reading]

NHS CRD (2001) Report 4: UK Guidance on how to carry out a systematic review of effectiveness (2nd ed) (www1.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/report4.htm)

Rosenthal, R (1991) Meta-analytic Procedures for Social Scientists (revised) Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Shadish, W.R.; Cook, T.D. and Campbell, D.T. (2002) Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Smith, J., (2015). Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods. 3rd ed. London, Sage Publications Ltd. Core reading.

Sternberg, R.J. (ed) (2010) Guide to Publishing in Psychology Journals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Core reading]

12 What is the balance of independent study and scheduled teaching activity within the module, the approach to blended learning and the opportunities for reflective learning/PDP?

Students attend quantitative and qualitative research methods lectures (see PY7163) which are further supported by interactive workshop activities. Additional workshop support is provided to students’ in the development of their research proposals, ethics forms and the submission of their research dissertations. The process is progressive and involves students being supported in choosing a topic; developing a research question; being fully convergent with the BPS Code of Ethics and Conduct (2009/2014), effective planning of the research; being organised and methodical while conducting and reporting their research.

Following ethics approval from module leader and the chair of the Psychology Research Ethics Review Panel, students are provided with further supervision meetings. Students are expected to use other resources available, e.g. library, the internet, Web Learn and own their

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organisation. The entire process of the project is central to pdp. Weblearn and discussion boards are used to facilitate interaction between students, and between staff and students. In order to benefit from the module students are expected to prepare work in advance for many of the sessions. Thus their time management, commitment to their studies and demonstration of professionalism with staff and colleagues is key to successful completion of this aspect of their course.

The supervisor is expected to guide, advice and support students through regular meetings. Students are expected to make use of the supervision period to discuss academic problems, current progress and future development. Whilst the supervisor will act as a mentor, it is expected that these sessions will be student led, with the supervisor offering direction during the session. This might involve cultivating student's ability to summarise and defend effectively choices made and decisions taken, or initiating stimulating discussions that might lead to further reading, which will deepen students' understanding, self-management and time management. In addition, meetings will be held between the Module Leader and the cohort as a whole to discuss issues that are of general interest.

Projects involving collaboration with industry will be encouraged and, where appropriate, supervision may be carried out by the collaboration partner in addition to the academic supervisor. Students will be expected to adopt a problem solving approach. They will undertake a major case study in which they will be expected to produce a mature solution to the chosen problem. Throughout the project students are expected to glean texts and relevant materials from different sources such as conference and journal papers, magazine articles, books and the Internet.

NOTE: 1 credit = 10 hours’ learning

Method Description Learning hoursScheduled Learning & Teaching Lectures/seminars/workshops

and supervision25

Guided independent study Literature searches and reading, preparation, executionBackground reading/analysis

375

200Assessment preparation/deliveryPlacement/study abroad n/aTOTAL LEARNING HOURS FOR THE MODULE 600

13 Description of assessment items.

The assessment for this module is linked with the work placement and is in two parts:1. Research Dissertation OR Systematic Review (7000-10,000 words) including learning log (90%)2. Poster Presentation (10%)

Assessment Percentage Learning Outcomes Systematic Review 90 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Research Dissertation 90 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Poster Presentation 10 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Important note on data collection:Students can only collect data once they have received clearance from the module leader and

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the chair of the Psychology Research Ethics Review Panel.

Description of Assessment Assessment weighting

Week Due Learning Outcome/s

Coursework Project (max 10 000 words) 90 2801/09/2020

by 3pm Practical

ExamPoster Presentation (20mins) 10 24/07/2020

by 3pm

Part Two: SCHOOL USE. 15

Nominated External Examiner

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Nominated Module Leader at time of approval

Dr Samantha Banbury

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All courses to which this module contributes and whether Core or Option

Guidelines for Research Projects

Start Planning Early

The workshops deal with planning your project and ethical considerations. However students are expected to submit an outline proposal (PIF) to the module leader (up to one side of A4) on their research area of interest by the end of Week 4. Students are free to discuss ideas with possible supervisors ahead of time. This should include: the subject area, sample to be used, method (questionnaire, experiment, interview) and proposed analysis (e.g. IPA). On the basis of this you will be assigned to an appropriate supervisor.

Workshops (on request- please ask the module leader)

The workshops that support this module are designed to get students started on thinking about their research work. The bulk of the planning and working towards the project proposal and dissertation will be done in conjunction with your supervisor. However, if a number of students are using similar methods that require specific training or guidance, for example, we may be able to arrange for a workshop on that topic. The remainder of the teaching associated with Research Dissertations is provided in PYP164 Advanced Research Methods for Psychology or PYP163.

Supervision

You are provided with 10 hrs of supervision. A large part of the research dissertation/systematic review comes down to the responsibility of the student- in other-words- this must be your research dissertation and not the supervisors!! The supervisor can only guide.

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It is students’ responsibility to arrange regular meetings with their supervisor, and to prepare for those meetings. You should meet at least twice before submitting your proposal, and approximately once a month during the second semester, when you should be collecting data and analysing the results. Note that after the end of term the availability of your supervisor will be significantly reduced. You should plan your programme of work so that you require no more than one session of supervision after the end of the summer term, and you should arrange your summer supervision with your supervisor well in advance. Supervisors will be prepared to give feedback on a first draft of the report but can only do so if a first draft is prepared at least three weeks before the submission deadline. For these reasons it is extremely important for students to begin work on writing their research project reports well in advance of the submission deadline and to liaise with their supervisors well in advance over their timetable for writing up.

Supervision will be provided in person, via the phone or e-mail so make sure that you use all of these where appropriate. It is expected that you carry out preparation prior to meetings with your supervisor. This may include writing idea, reading of articles, doing research on the net to name a few tasks. If you have not done any preparation then your supervisor will have to postpone the meeting to a later date. You must keep a log of your meetings with supervisors which should be submitted in the Appendix of your project. Please take advantage of your supervisor’s expertise (all supervisors have significant research experience). Where students have failed projects in the past this has usually been because they have either not taken on board their supervisor’s advice or have not submitted a draft project.

Supervisors

We have a number of supervisors that carry out research and practice in a number of key areas. Please consider your research ideas carefully so that we can match you up with the most appropriate person. It is not always possible to give you your first choice but careful consideration of your research plan is made to provide you with the right support.

The following supervisors have been presented in alphabetic order (surname).

Dr Sam Banbury

Mental health, Sexual dysfunction, coercive sexual behaviours, paraphilia, sexual addiction, substance misuse, cultural studies and criminally offending behaviours.Quantitative (preferably), qualitative (can supervise) and mixed methods data collection supervisionSystematic reviews- meta analysis and synthesis (primary and secondary data analysis)

Dr Perry Bhatarah

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Memory, structure and processes.Quantitative ONLY (primary data collection only)

Dr Chris Chandler

ADHD; Addiction; Impulsivity; Attentional bias.Quantitative research supervision (will supervise qualitative- but preferably quant)Systematic reviews – meta-analysis

Dr Verity Dimascio

Flexible and varied. Main research interests include mental health and the mental health act. Qualitative research supervision (primary data collection only)

Dr Amanda Holland

Introducing children to a set of objects, introducing them to a new word about one of them, and testing whether the child can recognise the link one week later, including a method that compares learning a word from a touchscreen app and learning a word from a person. Quantitative primary data collection ONLY

Dr Yanbo Hu

Brain and Neuroscience Emotion regulation & decision making; high functioning psychopath; social media & mental healthData collection- quantitative ONLY Systematic review

Dr Chris Lange-Kuettner

Cognitive Development/Psychopathological DevelopmentQuantitative research supervision ONLY (data collection and systematic review/meta-analysis supervision)

Dr Amanda Visick

Flexible and varied. Main research interests include parenting and gender. Qualitative research supervision ONLY (primary data collection only)

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Project Proposal/Ethics

The project proposal (form available on weblearn) provides the plan of the project. It is this proposal that shall be the basis for evaluating the viability of each project. In addition it is necessary to complete an ethics review form (form and handbook available on weblearn; form appended to the end of this handbook). The Research Ethics Review Panel (RERP) is especially sensitised to studies with vulnerable populations, sensitive information being collected etc. and their function is purely an ethical, not an academic one. Hence they may reject a proposal as failing to meet minimal ethical standards with no consideration for your personal timetable (such as needing to collect data by a particular date).

You cannot begin data collection until your proposal has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Panel. Please note that your supervisor must sign the Proposal form before you submit it. However, your supervisor will not sign a form that he or she has not seen and approved. Furthermore, the Project Co-ordinator will not forward your proposal to the RERP without your supervisor’s signature.

Failure to obtain your supervisor’s signature is inconvenient and will cause a delay to your proposal being considered by the RERP and, since you may not begin your project until the RERP has approved your Proposal, this will ultimately delay the start of your project proper.

The Dissertation/Systematic Review

Word length

The guidance for word length is 8000- 10,000 words maximum for your report. It is important to write as concisely as possible so that your work is comparable to that to be submitted for publication. For qualitative projects this word length includes tables and quotes within the main body of the text. It does not include transcripts (data collection only) which should also be provided in an appendix. We expect students to write reports which abide by publication standards therefore it is imperative to read appropriate journals that your work may be fit to publish in. Formatting instructions for Project Reports

Projects should be submitted online but some of the appendices and other material may be submitted in hard copy. Students will receive more guidance on this nearer the deadline from the module leader.

Electronic submissions should follow the file name example below:

Name_Number_Course_Module_year.doc or docx or pdf

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Trapp_1234567_MSc Psychology of Mental Health_PY7PA6_2017.pdf The project report should normally be no more than 10,000 words.

Preparation of projects must adhere to APA guidelines.

All projects must be preceded by a structured abstract of between 200 and 250 words giving a concise statement of the intention and results or conclusions of the project. Structured abstracts must include the following headings and information:

BackgroundBrief summaryAims: (State the primary objective of the paper and the major hypothesis tested, if appropriate). Design: (Describe the design of the study & the principal reasoning for the procedures adopted.) Methods: (State the procedures used, including the selection and numbers of participants, the interventions or experimental manipulations, and the primary outcome measures.)

Results: (State the main results of the study. Numerical data may be included but should bekept to a minimum.)

Discussion:Overview of research; your findings in the context of research; limitations/future research; reflexive overview (if qualitative) Conclusions: (State the conclusions that can be drawn from the data provided, and their clinical implications, if appropriate).

1.Participants in research should not be referred to as subjects; suitable alternative formulations will depend on the sample members.

2.Appendices should include all relevant materials including Participant Information Sheet, Consent Form and all questionnaires used in carrying out the research.

3. Data must also be submitted with the project in the form of an SPSS file. In the case of qualitative research where, for example, textual or transcribed material has been used, a copy of raw data must also be submitted. Only ONEcopy of raw data is required with each project. Remember to backup ALL your work. DATA cannot be replaced without considerable effort.

Formatting instructions for Project Posters

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• A poster is a visual presentation of information and should be designed as such -do not simply reproduce your written paper in poster format.• It should be understandable to the reader without verbal comment -someone might look at it while you are talking to another delegate, or while you're in the toilet.Posters should be A0 size (841 x 1189 mm; 33.1 x 46.8 inches).There is a plethora of software that you can use, but many use

MS PowerPoint.Posters will be kept after presentation. Please also submit a pdf version of your poster via weblearnFile names of posters should be in the following format:Name_Number_Course_Module_year_POSTER.pdf

Plagiarism

You are reminded that plagiarism is a serious assessment offence. Plagiarism may be defined as taking another person’s work, and passing it off as your own. The University’s regulations for plagiarism allow for penalties up to and including expulsion from the University. Accordingly, it is strictly not permitted to copy published work, whether in print or on the Internet, and submit it as part of your coursework. Nor are you allowed to submit, as your own, unpublished work written by anyone else, including that of another student. You will also be guilty of plagiarism if you copy work and make only minimal changes to its wording and expression. If you are not the original author of any work, text, data, figures, pictures, etc., this must be correctly referenced. The only exception is that you may occasionally quote an important short phrase where this supports a scientific point you are making. In this case however the quotation must be placed in inverted commas, and the author and source must be given. Otherwise this too will be counted as plagiarism.

Details of the University Regulations relating to plagiarism may be found at the following URL: http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/library/s838363.pdfIf you are in any doubt about what plagiarism is, or how to avoid it and would like help, please contact your Course Leader and/or staff in the Learning Development Unit.

Checklist of Dos and Don’ts

There are often consistent errors in the presentation and write-up of student’s research projects. Tips for writing up your reporta) Introduction. Remember to start with a context to the study.

Therefore, if you are talking about a particular issue then you need to explain what it is (i.e. disease, condition) and provide suitable prevalence data.

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b.Do not tell us in the first paragraph what you are going to do or how you are going to structure your review. Just write it!

c.Remember to include a summary paragraph which brings together the main themes of your literature review at the end.

d.Ensure that you have included your aims or hypotheses at the end of your review.

e. Make sure that you include references. A page without references is a page which is incomplete.

f. Write in your own words even if you are writing using another studies abstracts.g. Make sure that your review gives a good clear justification of what you are doing. Therefore you need to refer to the method you will use if appropriate b)

b) Methods

a. Ensure that you include all of the relevant parts.b. When explaining what you did put this in the procedure.c. Remember to refer to ethics here. You MUST show that you have received ethical approval for your work.

c) Results

a.You must tell us something about what the results show. Therefore report about background characteristics of your sample in sufficient depth (e.g. how much they are)

b.Use table and graphs appropriately. It is important to talk about what these show. Do no say there is a significant difference unless you explain what it is.

c.Check that your analysis confirms with what you have been taught in research methods. This applies to your presentation of tables.

d. If looking at categorical or binary data (e.g. ethnicity/gender) DO NOT present as means in tables.

e.There is an expectation in quantitative analysis that you carry out relevant statistics based on your type for data. Please check whether data is parametric or non-parametric.

f. We expect an appropriately high level of analysis which should include logistic or linear regression if appropriate. Included in this would be mediation or moderation analysis.

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d) Discussion

a.Summarise your main findings and link into the literature. Do not repeat your results as before.

b. Talk about the context and real meaning of your results here. These should form the basis of the story of what you did, found and should do in future.

c. Do NOT refer to small sample size unless you can give a clear methodological reason why it is too small. There must be something about your sample which makes the number a problem. This is where you might look at the characteristics of your sample to inform you. If you have over 60 participants in a questionnaire study or more than 5-6 in an interview study this comment will not hold up.

d.Remember to link your findings to current and relevant literature.

e. Remember to include a conclusion to your discussion. This should give an indication of the implications of your data.

e) Presentation

a.Ensure appendices are included, labelled, and refer to these appropriately throughout the text.

b.Make sure that you have proof read your report.

c.Avoid using one sentence paragraphs.

d.Link paragraphs together.

DO NOT SUBMIT SIGNED CONSENT FORMS WITH THE PROJECT. THESE SHOULD BE SUBMITTED ON TURNITIN- A SEPARATE LINK WILL BE SET UP

A Project Supervision Record should be kept and submitted with your dissertation/systematic review.

Project Supervision RecordDate and method of contact

Areas Discussed

PY7PA6 Project Interests FormThis form should be used to enable you to consider the type of project you would like to carry out. It is important that you read the PY7PA6 module booklet before writing

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your responses to these questions. Please ensure you send the completed version to Sam Banbury banburs1@londonmet.ac.uk.

What you say here shouldn’t be thought binding. We will take this into consideration when proposing a supervisor. You are free to alter your topic area at a later date if necessary.

NameStudent numberTopic areaPlease describe the topic area that is of most interest to you. This may refer to specific topics or it may refer to a specific population. It is important to base this on something you are genuinely interested in as that is likely to make it more engagingfor you.

Aims of the studyWhat is your research question? What are your hypotheses? What do you hope to find?MethodologyWhat kind of methodology do you wish to use? This can include any of the following: qualitative interviews, focus groups, quantitative questionnaire(s), experimental, or a mix. It is important to think about the topic area you are interested in and the best way of approaching it.

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