American Robin

American Robin

Foods

Earthworms, insects & spiders, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife surveyNesting structuresPlant shrubsPlant treesMowing

Water

Require water daily in warm seasons; obtain water from low-lying areas, ponds, even yard irrigation and rain-filled gutters.

cover

Shrubs, evergreen trees, and deciduous trees used for nesting and escape; evergreen trees often used for early nests.

Male American robin

Female American robin

Baby American robin

Common nighthawk

Foods

Insects & spiders

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife surveymowing

water

Obtain ample water from diet, but water sources attract insects, which provide food for the nighthawks.

Cover

Riparian areas, ridge tops, flat rooftops, and other places with numerous sand and gravel areas are favorite nesting locations.

Common nighthawk male

Common nighthawk female

Common nighthawk babies

Big brown bat

Foods

Insects and spiders

Control non-native invasive vegetationFish or wildlife surveyNesting structurePlant treesWater developments for wildlifeWildlife damage management

Water

Free-standing water is required daily when they are active.

cover

Buildings and hollow trees are often used for daytime roosts; bat houses may also be used for daytime roosting; caves, mines and buildings are used for hibernation.

Big brown bat male

Big brown bat female

Big brown bat baby

Eastern gray squirrel

Foods

Bark, buds, fungi, grain, hard mast, insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife surveyNesting structure Plant shrubsPlant treesWildlife damage managementArtificial feeders

water

Necessary water is generally obtained through diet, but free-standing water is also used.

cover

Stage 6forest and woodlands; suburban and urban areas with mature trees; den in tree cavities and also build nests of leaves and twigs

Eastern gray squirrel male

Eastern gray squirrel female

Eastern gray squirrel baby

Northern flicker

Foods

Hard mast, insects and spiders, seeds, soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetationFish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsPlant treesWildlife damage managementArtificial feedersmowing

Water

Daily water requirements unknown; sufficient water is probably obtained from diet.

cover

Tree cavities are used for nesting; old mature trees that show signs of dying or rotting are often used; softwood trees such as yellow poplar, cottonwood and willow are preferred; flickers will nest in posts, holes in banks, and holes in houses and structures where trees are unavailable.

Male northern flicker

Female northern flicker

Baby northern flicker

Eastern bluebird

Foods

Insects and spiders, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Establish native grasses and forbs Fish or wildlife surveyNesting structurePlant shrubsPlant treesmowing

water

Obtain necessary water from diet but may use other water sources when available.

Cover

Nest in cavities of trees and fence posts; old woodpecker posts are especially important; readily nest in the nesting boxes, which have had a major impact in restoring bluebird populations In some areas.

male Eastern bluebird

Female eastern bluebird

Baby eastern bluebird

Western bluebird

Foods

Insects and spiders, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetationEstablish native grasses and forbsFish or wildlife surveyNesting structuresPlant shrubsPlant treesArtificial feedersMowingPlant flowers

water

Obtain necessary water from diet but may use other water sources when available.

cover

Nest in cavities of trees and fence posts; old woodpecker cavities are especially important; readily nest in nesting boxes, which have had a major impact in restoring blue-bird populations in some areas.

Male western bluebird

Female western bluebird

Baby western bluebird

Rock pigeon

Foods

Grains and seeds.

Fish or wildlife surveyWildlife damage management

water

Free-standing water is required frequently during warm seasons.

cover

Barn lofts, window ledges, roof tops, bridges and a variety of other structures.

Male rock pigeon

Female rock pigeon

Baby rock pigeon

European starling

Foods

Earthworms, grain, insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

Fish or wildlife survey Wildlife damage management

water

Require water during warm seasons.

cover

Nest in tree cavities, old buildings.

Male European starling

Female European starling

Baby European starling

House wren

Foods

Earthworms, and insects and spiders.

Water

Necessary water is obtained from the diet.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife survey Nesting structure Plant shrubsPlant trees

Cover

Nest in natural cavities in trees, old buildings and other structures.

House wren male

House wren female

House wren baby

Ruby-throated hummingbird

Foods

Insects and spiders, and nectar

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsPlant treesArtificial feedersPlant flowersRooftop/balcony gardens

Water

Necessary water obtained from diet.

Cover

Trees and shrubs for nesting; flowers for feeding.

Ruby-throated hummingbird male

Ruby-throated hummingbird female

Ruby-throated hummingbird baby

Desert cottontail

Foods

Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and twigs, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Establish native grasses and forbsFish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsWildlife damage managementMowing

Water

Necessary water obtained from diet.

Cover

Grassland, shrub vegetation and ground burrows for hiding and nesting cover.

Desert cottontail male

Desert cottontail female

Desert cottontail baby

Song sparrow

Foods

Insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetationEstablish native grasses and forbsFish or wildlife survey Plant shrubsWater developments for wildlifeArtificial feeders

Water

Free-standing water is required frequently during the warm seasons.

Cover

Thick shrubs and herbaceous cover for nesting, loafing, and escape.

Song sparrow female

Song sparrow male

Song sparrow baby

House sparrow

Foods

Buds, earthworms, grain, insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

Fish or wildlife surveyWildlife damage management

Water

Free-standing water is required daily in warm seasons.

Cover

Nest in natural cavities, low branches of trees and bushes 5 feet to 7 feet above the ground, and on any projection or ledge they can find on buildings or other structures.

Male house sparrow

Female house sparrow

Baby house sparrow

House finch

Foods

Buds, insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

Control non-native invasive vegetation Establish native grasses and forbs Fish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsPlant treesArtificial feedersMowing

Water

Free-standing water is needed daily in the warm season.

Cover

Nest 5 feet to 7 feet above the ground on low branches of trees, branches of bushes, in natural cavities, old holes excavated by woodpeckers, and any projection or ledge they can find on houses and buildings.

Male house finch

Female house finch

Baby house finch

Northern raccoon

Control non-native invasive vegetation Fish or wildlife survey Plant shrubsPlant treesWater control structures Water development for wildlife Wildlife damage management

Foods

Birds, carrion, crayfish, earthworms, eggs, fish, frogs and salamanders, grain, hard mast, insects and spiders, lizards, mammals, mussels, seeds, snails, snakes, soft mast, and tubers.

Water

Require water frequently during warm seasons.

Cover

Riparian areas, bottomland hardwoods and along other wetlands; natural tree cavities are used for denning and daytime loafing; also dens in ground burrows under stumps, brush and junk piles, old abandoned buildings and rocky cliffs and ledges.

Male northern raccoon

Female northern raccoon

Baby northern raccoon

Eastern cottontail

Foods

Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and twigs, and soft mast

Control non-native invasive vegetation Establish native grasses and forbsFish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsWildlife damage management mowing

Water

Necessary water obtained from diet.

Cover

Shrub cover, brushpiles, native perennial warm-season grasses and forbs(stage 3) for loafing and escape cover; burrows are also used for denning and escape.

Male eastern cottontail

Female eastern cottontail

Baby eastern cottontail

Mountain cottontail

Foods

Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and twigs, and soft mast

Control non-native invasive vegetationEstablish native grasses and forbs Fish or wildlife surveyPlant shrubsWildlife damage management Mowing

Cover

Thick shrubs and burrows for nesting and cover.

Water

Necessary water obtained from diet.

Male mountain cottontail

Female mountain cottontail

Baby mountain cottontail