A Very spatial Presentation

MAPS

From this: 6th Century BC

• ANCIENT BABYLONIAN CLAY TABLETS

• DEPICT THE EARTH AS A FLAT CIRCULAR DISK

• EARLIEST DIRECT EVIDENCE OF MAPPING COMES FROM THE MIDDLE EAST

To This: Middle Ages• EUROPEAN MAPS

WERE MORE ECCLESIASTIC THAN CARTOGRAPHIC

• DOMINATED BY THE CHURCH

• ARAB MAPS ADVANCED EARLIER GREEK PRACTICES

• AL-IDRIS’S FAMOUS WORLD MAP

• AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

• SATELLITE IMAGES

• COMPUTERS ELECTRONIC DISTANCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• INERTIAL NAVAIGATION SYSTEMS

• REMOTE SENSING

• APPLICATIONS OF SPACE SCIENCE CREATED NEW EXTENSIONS OF CARTOGRAPHY’S REACH

• INTERNET INCREASED ITS ACCESSIBILITY EVEN TO THE LAYMAN

• AUTOMATIC DIGITIZATION OF JAPAN, < 17 SECONDS VS 17 YEARS IN 1821 (INOH TADATAK

To This: 20th Century

Internet increased its accessibility even to the layman

http://onemap.sg/

But... WHAT is a map?A reference tool to get to somewhere?

Define: Map

Accurate?

VERY LIMITED DEFINITION

A map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or part of an area.

The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features that the map aims to represent.

There are many different types of maps that attempt to represent specific things.

Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features, natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities.

Maps are produced by Cartographers.General Reference MapsThematic Maps

Maps: A more definitive definition

Most Well Known Map-type?

Used to emphasize the geographic location of spatial phenomena.E.g. Topographic Maps

GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS

A thematic map (or statistical map) is used to display the spatial pattern of a theme or attribute. It emphasizes the spatial pattern of one or more geographic attributes.

Uses of a thematic map includes:Provide specific information about particular locationsProvide general information about spatial patternsCompare patterns on two or more maps

Thematic Maps

Choropleth Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: These maps

contain areas that are shaded

or patterned in proportion to

the statistical variable being

displayed on the map. Data

are aggregated over

predefined areal units

(politically-defined area or

administrative—census or

zip).

Optimal uses: Best used

when data are standardized

(e.g., rates), discrete, and are

evenly distributed within well-

defined areal units.

Design

Considerations: Number of

categories should be limited

(between 3 and 7).

Dot Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: The spatial

geometry of each mapped

area is distorted to depict an

attribute other than land

area (e.g., population or

income).

Optimal Uses: Best

accompanied by description

of mapping techniques; can

be constructed manually or

digitally.

Design

Considerations: Methods

are complex and

interpretation can be

difficult.

Graduated Circle Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: These maps

contain symbols varying in size

to show their relative

quantitative values; used with

point/location data.

Optimal Uses: Best used when

there is a lot of variation and

range in the data; the goal is to

show relative magnitudes of

phenomena at specific

locations. This is also good

choice for count data.

Design

Considerations: Should not be

used for standardized data such

as rates or percentages.

Graduated Circle Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: These maps

contain symbols varying in

size to show their relative

quantitative values; used with

point/location data.

Optimal Uses: Best used

when there is a lot of variation

and range in the data; the goal

is to show relative magnitudes

of phenomena at specific

locations. This is also good

choice for count data.

Design

Considerations: Should not

be used for standardized data

such as rates or percentages.

S & M

Isoline Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: Isoline maps

use line symbols to portray

a continuous distribution

such as temperature or

elevation. Isolines are lines

that connect equal points

of equal numeric value.

Optimal Uses: One of the

best known types of isoline

map is the contour map,

which shows elevation

above sea level.

Design:

Isopleth Map

Click icon to add picture

Description: A contour map

that depicts smooth continuous

information (such as weather

or pollution data); data are

depicted using lines that

connect points of equal

numerical value.

Optimal Uses: Serves as an

effective method for

highlighting spatial patterns in

the data, as opposed to

depicting discrete rates per

enumeration area.

Design

Considerations: Requires

understanding of various

interpolation techniques.

Cartograms

Click icon to add picture

Description: The spatial

geometry of each mapped

area is distorted to depict an

attribute other than land

area (e.g., population or

income).

Optimal Uses: Best

accompanied by description

of mapping techniques; can

be constructed manually or

digitally.

Design

Considerations: Methods

are complex and

interpretation can be

difficult.

Twitter Map

http://research.larc.smu.edu.sg/palanteert/

General Reference Or Thematic Map?

Were those the only type of maps?How about a Map About Maps

A MIND MAP?

The five overlapping sub-disciplines of physical geography in the context of multi-disciplinary & Problem-oriented theme (Gregory, Gurnell & Petts, 2002)

MORE THAN GEOGRAPHYLets take a closer look at this!

Why do we need to look at this? The use of GIS in public health enables us to

describe the environment of the person and its spatial and temporal complexity.

Disease mapping has made contributions to public health and epidemiology. GIS make it easier to map large databases of health events.

Helps determine the causes behind the emergence and the re-emergence of infectious disease

Analyzing Infectious Diseases

Jon Snow? • ENGLISH PHYSICIAN

• ONE OF THE FATHERS OF MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY

• EPIDEMIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF THE PATTERNS, CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN DEFINITE POPULATIONS. IOW, A SPATIAL SCIENCE.

Jo^n Snow!H

Its spelt with a ‘H’

JO^N SNOW!H 1831

Density Map of mosquito breeding sites in East Coast GRC, 2003 to 2005

GIS is a key emerging and evolving industry throughout the world.

GIS careers exist in every imaginable discipline, from environmental science to commercial businesses and much more. This wide range of opportunities available lets you combine your passions or interests with GIS for a satisfying and successful career.

Careers in GIS can also encompass business development, managerial, and administrative roles.

Mapping and Geographic Information Systems

Careers

Mapping/geospatial jobs are

varied and pervasive across

many different fields.

Mapping/Geospatial jobs range

from part-time to full-time

positions, and salary varies

widely by location, discipline,

and experience. Salary.com

 reports the range between

$38,919 for an entry-level

analyst to $103,333 for a GIS

supervisor as of January 2006

(go find out the latest)!

View the GISJobs.com Salary Survey

 for a more in-depth look at

salaries.

Sherlock Holmes Iron-Man

Alternatively… you can consider being

~ End ~Join the Challenge!!!