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FINAL REPORT National Agricultural Innovation Project (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) A VALUE CHAIN ON MANGO AND GUAVA FOR DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tiruchirappalli – 620 009 2014
Transcript of A VALUE CHAIN ON MANGO AND GUAVA FOR …naip.icar.gov.in/download/c2-205801.pdf · The sub-project...
FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
A VALUE CHAIN ON MANGO AND GUAVA
FOR
DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS
Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 009
2014
Inside Cover Page
Printed on : June 2014
Component : 2 (Production to Consumption System of Research)
Citation : T. N. Balamohan. 2014. Final Report of NAIP sub-project ‘Value
chain on mango and guava for domestic and export markets’,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli - 9,
Tamil Nadu, India. 68p
Copyright : The information presented herein is contribution of the Consortia
Disclaimer : © Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi.
All rights reserved. Reproduction of materials in this report for
educational or other non-commercial purposes is permitted
provided the source is fully acknowledged
Published by : Horticultural College & Research Institute for Women,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli - 9
Phone No. 0431-2918033/34; e-mail:[email protected]
Web : www.naipmangotry.com/www.agritechportal.com
Edited by : Dr. T.N.Balamohan, Consortium Principal Investigator
Compiled by : T. N. Balamohan, R. Arulmozhiyan, L.Jeevajothi, A. Nithya Devi,
N. Mageswari, K. G. Janaranjani, S. Bowgiya Begum
Hindi translation : Ms. Afshin Rahman and Ms. Sweta
Other Credits : Dr. Sushil Shukla, CISH, Lucknow
Dr. Jampala Dilip Babu, Dr. Bhagwan, Dr.YSRHU, AP
Er. Parag Pandit, NAU, Guajarat
Cover page Photographs
Inner Cover page
Photographs
(clock wise)
:
:
Mango and guava
1) Canopy management training in mango
2) Training program on Packing of Fresh Mango in Dozen pack Box
3) Packing of guava for export
4) Formation of Farmers producer company and opening of input
shop
_____________________________________________________________________
Printed at : Guru Xerox & Colour Park, Trichy-1.
PREFACE
The NAIP scheme on ‘A value chain on mango and guava for domestic and
export markets’ was implemented during the years 2009-2014 with an intention of
enhancing the productivity and reducing the post harvest losses in mango and guava through
technological interventions and establishing a value chain and supply chain model for
sustenance. Throughout the course of implementation, it was possible to establish a good
acquaintance with the stakeholders of mango and guava industry which included farmers,
scientists, exporters, graders, packers, professors, retailers, extension officials, private and
financial officials.
I wish to acknowledge the continuous support rendered by Dr. K.Ramasamy, Vice
Chancellor, The Registrar, Director of Research cum chairman of the Consortium
Implementation committee, Director of Planning and monitoring cum Consortium
Monitoring Unit, other University officers, Comptroller and all the scientists of TNAU who
associated with the project. I am grateful to the first CAC Chaiman Dr. D. S. Rathore and
members Dr. M. N. Gupta, Mrs. Laxmi Dwivedi, Mr. Shailendra Singh and the second CAC
members, Dr. K. Rajukannu, Chairman of the Consortium Advisory Committee and the
members Dr.R.Rajagopalan, Professor (Retd.), Mr.T.Sethupathi, M/s.Crystal gardens and
Mr. P.Govindarajan, President, Adhiyaman Precision Farmers Association, Dharmapuri.
I wish to acknowledge Prof. Dr. E. Vadivel, Former Director, DEE, Former Dean
(Hort.), TANU, Coimbatore for his guidance and continued support through out the project
implementation.
My acknowledgements are due to the Co-partners of the project Dr. Sushil Shukla,
Principal scientist, CISH, Lucknow, Dr.J.Dilip Babu, Principal scientist,
Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Hyderabad and Er.Parag Pandit, Assistant Professor
(PHT), Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat. I am thankful to the Co-Principal
Investigators Dr. M. Chandrasekaran, Late Dr. Karnam Loganathan, Dr. V. Lakshmanan,
Dr.V.Swaminathan, Dr.R.Arulmozhiyan, Dr.A.Nithya Devi and Senior Research Fellows
Dr.P. Mekala, Mr.S. Rajadurai, Dr.V. Thondaiman, Ms.N. Mageswari, Ms. Priyanka,
Ms. Priyadharsini and Ms.K.G. Janaranjani who have contributed to the successful
implementation of the project.
I wish to acknowledge Dr.S.Ayyappan, Director General, ICAR, Dr.H.P.Singh,
former Deputy Director General (Hort.) and Dr.N.K.Krishna Kumar, Deputy Director
General (Hort), ICAR for their continued support and guidance.
I gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance given by the NAIP, ICAR, New
Delhi and also the support rendered by Dr.Bangli Baboo, Former National Director (NAIP,
Component II), Dr.D.Rama Rao, the present National Director (NAIP, Component II), Late
Dr.R.K.Goyal, the former National Co-Ordinator, Dr.Ezekiel, the present National
Co-Ordinator and the entire PIU of NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi. I also acknowledge my project
farmers Mr. V.G. Sittarasu, Mr. Nagu Nakkeeran, Mr. Sathakumar, Mr. Senthil Shanmugam
and Mr. Jeyagobi of Mango and Mr. Paravel, Mr. S. Gnanavel, Mr. Sahadevan,
Mr. Karuppasamy and Late Mr. Palanivel of guava for their support to implement the
project.
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
Consortium Principal Investigator
Special Officer,
Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women
Tiruchirappalli.
ABBREVIATIONS
CISH - Central Institute for Sub tropical Horticulture
HC&RI (W) - Horticultural College and Research Institute for women
GAP - Good Agricultural Practices
NAA - Naphthalene Acidic Acid
KNO3 - Potassium Nitrate
CFB Box - Corrugated Fibre Board Box
NGOs - Non Governmental Organisations
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U - Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University
BAIF - Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation
NAIP - National Agricultural Innovation Project
NHB - National Horticultural Board
APEDA - Agricultural Processing and Export Development Authority
SMS - Short Message Service
TNAU - Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
CDAC - Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
IFFCO - Indian Farmers Fertilizers Co-operative
DBT - Department of Biotechnolgoy
NADP - National Agricultural Developmental Project
ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research
CPI - Consortia Principal Investigator
CCPI - Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
VAM - Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
APMC - Agricultural Product Marketing Committee
GAICL - Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation Ltd
RH - Relative Humidity
UK - United Kingdom
UAE - United Arab Emirates
UHDP - Ultra High Density Planting
Zn - Zinc
Fe - Iron
B - Boron
Cu - Copper
Mn - Manganese
KMS - Potassium meta bi-sulphite
HDPE - High Density Poly Ethylene
PE bags - Poly Ethylene Bags
TSS - Total Soluble Solids
Kg - Kilo gram
ZnSO4 - Zinc Sulphate
°C - Degree Celsius
TAMAFED - Tamil Nadu Mango Growers Federation
SEED - Society for Energy, Environment and Development
SHGs - Self Help Groups
ISHS - International Society for Horticultural Sciences
CONTENTS
Page No.
1
Executive Summary/ Key words 9
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project 18
Part-II: Technical Details 20
1. Introduction 20
2. Theme of Sub-Project 21
3. Overall Sub-project Objectives 22
4. Background Status of the Project Based on Baseline Survey 22
5. Rationale of the Project and likely benefits, Diagram of Existing Value
Chain and Proposed Value Chain
24
6. Sub-project Technical Profile and NAIP interventions 26
7. Baseline Analysis 40
8. Factorization of investment costs in relation to the number of
beneficiaries
44
9. Research Achievements with summary 46
10. Innovations 73
11. Process/Product/Technology Developed 79
12. Patents (Filed/Granted) 81
13. Linkages and Collaborations 82
14. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects 84
15. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 84
16. Publications 85
17. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 91
18. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Melas, etc. organized 94
19. Participation in Conference/Meetings/Trainings/Radio talks, etc. 105
20. Trainings/Visits undertaken (National/International) 108
21. Performance Indicators 108
22. Employment Generation 109
23. Assets Generated 109
24. Awards and Recognitions 111
25. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 112
26. Possible Future Line of Work 113
27. Personnel 114
28. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination 116
29. Relationship with private partners over information exchange and
dissemination of results
119
30. Anticipated gap between laboratory technology and commercialization
in terms of funding requirement
119
31. Analysis of the Value Chain including Economic Analysis 119
32. Policy issues emerging out of the sub-project 123
33. Status of horizontal expansion due to successful NAIP intervention 123
34. Experience of Consortia in Project Implementation 124
35. Working at different capacities 125
36. Data for establishing the financial viability for the NAIP interventions
and importance of evaluating the risks which will expedite
commercialization
125
37. Success Stories 126
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 131
Part-IV: Declaration 133
Annexure 134
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background information about the Project
The sub-project „A Value chain on mango and guava for domestic and export
markets‟ (Sub-project code: 204502) was launched in June, 2009 at the Central
Institute for Sub tropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, the then lead centre. The
Project was originally sanctioned for a timeframe of three years and three months (April,
2009 to June, 2012) with a total budget outlay of Rs.443.76 lakhs. Subsequently, it was
further extended up to March, 2014 with the budget outlay of Rs.542.11 lakhs. During
the extension, the National Co-ordinator (Component II), New Delhi took a decision to
change the consortium leader and entrusted the same with Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, HC&RI (W), Trichy, Tamil Nadu from July, 2012 upto March, 2014 leaving
behind BAIF, Pune a NGO member due to unsatisfactory performance. The project was
aimed to strengthen the value chain of two important fruit crops of India i.e., mango and
guava in four major growing states so as to establish a comprehensive value chain model
for adoption. The project implemented on consortium mode was first lead by CISH,
Lucknow from April 2009 to June 2012 followed by HC & RI (W), Trichy, TNAU from
November 2012 to March 2014 with four consortia members viz., Central Institute for
Sub tropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, Dr.Y.S.R.
Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh and Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation, a
Development Research Foundation, Pune.
Baseline information on the pre-project situation
In India, mango and guava are the two important fruit crops ranking first and fourth
in production respectively and are amenable for processing and value addition during
glut. Both of them are seasonal in bearing, nutritionally rich with distinct aroma and
delicate to handle. With reference to value chain of mango and guava, the major missing
links for both the fruit crops were found to be very much similar which included non-
adoption of scientific cultivation methods such as nutrient management, spraying of
pesticides, fungicides, and harvesting at correct maturity added to these improper post
harvest handling, lack of knowledge on post harvest infrastructure, transport facilities
and market information for domestic and export markets are also some of the other vital
missing links. For marketing of fruits, most of the farmers approached middle men and
brokers. In a nutshell, the major issues of both mango and guava farming are low
productivity, poor fruit quality, huge pre and post harvest losses, meagre value addition
10
and minimum realization of price by the farmers for their produce, inadequate market
linkages etc.,
Work proposed and execution plan
The value chain on mango and guava has four major objectives: (i) enhancing the
productivity and quality of guava through Good Agricultural Practices (GAP); (ii)
reducing the post-harvest losses, enhancing the shelf life of fruits through scientific pre
and post harvest management practices; (iii) encouraging the processing of mango and
guava through entrepreneurship development and tie- up with processors and (iv)
facilitating the producers in getting domestic and international market access for their
produce by creating market linkages.
The beneficiary farmers of mango (50-80 in number) and guava (20-50 in
number) were selected from different centres after exhaustive field visits and personal
interactions. The gardens having good irrigation facilities and popular regional varieties
in bearing stage were selected. Accordingly, 75 mango farmers from Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri district and 25 guava farmers from Old Ayakudi, Dindigul district were
identified by the scheme officials in Tamil Nadu. Similarly, 80 mango farmers from
Valsad and 20 guava farmers from Bharuch district, Gujarat were selected. In Andhra
Pradesh, 75 mango farmers and 25 guava farmers were selected from Medak and
Rangareddy districts. Likewise, in Uttar Pradesh, 50 mango and 50 guava farmers were
selected from Lucknow and Kanpur districts. All the selected beneficiary farmers were
brought under the direct supervision of a team of specialists in the respective uinits who
constantly guided the growers on scientific cultivation practices through several training
programmes and demonstrations, which included soil testing, drip irrigation technology,
soil based micro and macro nutrient application, integrated pest and disease
management, introduction of biological pest and disease management and post harvest
technologies. They were also supplied with necessary inputs viz., inorganic fertilizers,
bio fertilizers, bio control agents, fruit fly trap, micro nutrient mixtures, water
soluble fertilizers, paclobutrazol, NAA, sorbitol, pruning tools like secateurs,
pruning saw and gear type pruning shears, plastic crates and carton boxes for
demonstration purposes. Besides, the farmers associations were provided with common
inputs viz., power operated chain saw and motorized power sprayer.
Through adoption of advance technologies, the project farmers realized an
increased yield of 20-30 per cent per hectare in mango and guava. However, the
increased production had not solved the problem of farmers unless the market
11
intelligence was exploited. Marketing plays a vital role in realizing better income for
whatever crop harvested. Accordingly, several stakeholders‟ meets and buyer-seller
meets were organized in the project area by inviting the stakeholders of mango and
guava viz., farmers, traders, exporters, processors, packers, retailers, bankers and fruit
graders for getting better linkage among themselves for marketing through this scheme.
Potential exporters and retailers were networked with mango and guava farmers to effect
direct sale avoiding the middle men. Efforts were made to exhibit their fruits in “Melas”
and “Sangam” to popularize the regional varieties.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Objective 1. Enhancing productivity and quality of guava through Good
Agricultural Practices
a. Introduction of GAP for safety and quality
In all the project implemented states, farmers of both mango and guava were
trained on GAPs which included correct usage of organic and inorganic fertilizers,
pesticides, fungicides and other agricultural inputs including scientific harvest and
handling technologies. In Tamil Nadu, around 300 mango growers were trained on GAP
system of mango cultivation. Recently these mango farmers trained on GAP practices
were explained about the benefits of acquiring GAP certification which is a pre-requisite
for export of fruits to foreign countries. Due to constant efforts, 105 farmers of the
project area in Tamil Nadu registered themselves for JAIN GAP certification. This is a
big leap in the export of fresh mangoes to the developed nations as it is essential for
acceptance of mangoes.
b. Adoption of soil test based fertilizer application
Most of the farmers had not applied nutrients based on soil test report and
nutrient requirement of the crop. Hence, fertilizer application based on soil analysis was
insisted and the beneficiary farmers of the project area were trained to take soil samples
for testing. This intervention helped the farmers to apply fertilizers based on the soil test
results of mango and guava. Besides, they were also provided with the major and micro
nutrient mixtures and bio-fertilisers through this scheme. Due to this practice, the yield
has been enhanced by 10 per cent in mango and 15 per cent in guava.
c. Canopy management technology in mango
The mango farmers of the project have implemented canopy management
technology for the first time in order to achieve higher yield and quality of fruits. The
survey indicated an yield increase of 1 to 3 tonnes/ ha due to canopy management
12
practices which included centre opening and thinning of branches to facilitate better light
penetration. Canopy management has not only facilitated better aeration, sunlight,
positioning of branches and stature of the tree but also increased flowering and fruit set
in mango. This technology also helped to delay flowering and to extend the period of
bearing.
d. Harvest of off-season mangoes
All the project sites chosen for implementation of the scheme are traditional
mango belts known for regular bearing i.e., from April to July. For the first time in Tamil
Nadu, thirteen beneficiary farmers of Pochampalli, Tamil Nadu had harvested mangoes
during off-season (12 tonnes per ha) and sold the produce for premium price. Harvesting
of off season fruits was done from October to December, which indicated that the
availability of fruits was extended for three more months. More farmers are interested to
go for off season mango production.
e. Use of paclobutrazol for regular bearing in mango
Application of a plant growth regulator viz., paclobutrazol @ 1g/ sq.m of canopy
was popularized in all centres which ensured regular bearing of mango. It was observed
that application of paclobutrazol recorded better percentage of flowering (60-85 per cent)
and fruiting during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Use of KNO3 for uniform flowering in mango.
Application of KNO3 @ 10 g. a.i during November in mango cv. Banganpalli of Andhra
Pradesh has ensured uniform flowering and increased the overall yield during 2011-13.
f. Pre harvest bagging of mango fruits
Pre-harvest bagging of mango and guava fruits using brown paper covers as
recommended by the CISH, Lucknow was largely adopted by the farmers of the project
area. For adoption, farmers of both mango and guava were provided with brown paper
covers through the scheme. The intervention helped in producing spotless, fruits with
better quality and appeal which fetched 30-40 per cent higher price even in domestic
markets. However, the local vendors had not encouraged the farmers to continue the
practice.
g. Better pulp recovery due to eco-friendly pest control and better harvest methods
In the project site of Tamil Nadu, more than 55 pulping industries are involved in
processing of mangoes to the tune of 4 lakh tonnes/year. The incidence of fruit fly was a
serious menace affecting the pulp recovery. Due to the problem, the pulp recovery was
reduced to 40-45 per cent against the normal recovery of 60 per cent. Eco friendly fruit
fly traps which were provided to all the beneficiary farmers which resulted in better
13
control of fruit flies in mango. This intervention enhanced the recovery of pulp to 50-52
per cent. Currently, the pulpers themselves promote the use of fruit fly traps as a safe and
effective method to control the pest. All the consortium partners introduced this method
to ensure pest and chemical free produce to the consumers.
Objective 2. Reducing the post-harvest losses, enhancing the shelf life of fruits
through scientific pre and post harvest management practices
a. Harvesting at proper maturity and use of harvesting tools
Farmers were sensitized during seminars, demonstration and field days about
harvesting of mango and guava fruits at correct maturity for different markets. Most of
the farmers harvested unscientifically using sticks and locally made harvesters causing
physical damage to fruits while harvesting. Fruit harvesters (Dapoli model) were given to
them at free of cost through the scheme. This technology alone reduced the post harvest
losses to the tune of 10-15 per cent right at the time of harvesting. Traders and fruit
vendors paid premium prices to the produce harvested using fruit harvester designed
exclusively for mango and guava.
b. Ripening of mango fruits in low cost ripening chamber
The techniques of mango ripening using ethrel in low cost ripening chambers
developed by CISH using ethrel were demonstrated to all the project farmers for
adoption. In this method, the cost of ripening of ranged from Rs.1.00-1.30 per kg of fruit.
Farmers used these chambers for ripening of mangoes for fresh fruit sale. Mr.Sethupathy,
a „National Best mango grower awardee‟ followed this method and ripened the mango
fruits for maketing to M/S. Reliance fresh fruits and distance markets every year.
c. Packaging in CFB boxes/ plastic crates
The project farmers of both mango and guava were sensitized and trained on the
use of plastic crates for local market to minimize the loss during handling. Besides,
trainings were given on ‟Packaging using CFB boxes‟ for transportation to distance
market. For better packaging, 0.5 per cent ventilated CFB boxes of 4 kg capacity costing
around Rs. 21-26/box designed by TNAU and CISH were made available to farmers on
trial basis for both mango and guava. Some guava farmers of Tamil Nadu are presently
using CFB boxes of 2 to 3 Kg capacity for export of fruits to Gulf countries.
d. Waste utilization
Training on “Waste utilization from mango pulp industry” was given to
pulpers inviting specialists from TNAU, Coimbatore and a consultant from SRM bio-
conversion (P) Ltd., Chennai. The training was attended by 46 pulpers and 71 mango
14
growers. A video lesson on “Oil extraction from mango kernel” was screened and a
lecture on “Waste utilization potential” was delivered. Few entrepreneurs are willing to
take up this technology.
e. Experience with private partners/NGOs
BAIF Development Research Foundation, Warje, Pune is involved in promoting
mango plantation in 38 villages in Valsad taluk of Navsari district through various
programmes. BAIF along with NAIP has given several trainings on guava and mango
processing (mango chunda, dehydrated mango slice, pickles and mango drink). They
also trained the workers on hygiene, sanitation, grading and packaging. After training,
trainees started their own business and also were employed in processing industries.
Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University is involved in promoting mango bar preparation using
solar drier technology incollaboration with NGO SEED (Society for energy, environment
and Development). All the project area farmers were trained in the preparation of mango
bar using solar drier technology. After obtaining training, the farmers started their own
business and were also employed in processing industries.
Objective 3. Strengthening the processing of guava through entrepreneurship
development and tie- up with processors
a. Establishment of rural industry by the beneficiary farmers
One of our project farmers, Mr.V.G.Sittrarasu had established a post-harvest
packaging and storage facility at Ottatheru, Pochampalli, Krishnagiri for mango and
other fruits. Using the technical input and guidance of NAIP, he has established an
industry of 100 tonnes capacity costing 2 crores. During the process he has availed
subsidy from NHB and assistance from APEDA. This facility could help the project
farmers of the area.
b. Training of fruit processors on waste utilization
Technology for mango kernel oil extraction and kernel powder roti were
standardized for adoption by the processors. The oil extracted from mango stone/ kernel
is used in cosmetic industries. The extraction process of mango kernel oil is filed for
patent. Similarly, guava flavored tea which has been standardized by the project is also
filed for patent. Trainings and seminars were conducted to popularize the technology
among the processors to reduce the wastage and to control pollution.
15
Objective 4. Facilitating the producers in getting domestic and international market
access for their produce by creating market linkages.
a. Market intelligence to project farmers through SMS
Price fixing for mango and guava has been a great challenge to farmers due to
lack of market information and too many intermediaries. To overcome this lacuna, all the
beneficiary farmers of mango and guava were linked with “Dynamic Market
Information through mobile telephoning” which is operated by TNAU, Coimbatore
along with CDAC, Hyderabad. These farmers of both mango and guava received short
message service (sms) on the market price from two leading markets every day by 2 PM.
IFFCO is also providing cultivation details through SMS for the benefit of farmers. This
facilitated the framers for better negotiation/ bargaining.
b. Production on quality fruits for export
Through technology intervention and adoption of the latest art of technologies,
the project farmers obtained more “A” grade fruits, ie., 30 per cent as against 10 per cent
got before intervention. Adoption of balanced nutrient application, micro irrigation,
canopy management, integrated pest and disease management and improved harvest
methods increased the percentage of „A‟ grade fruits of both mango and guava.
Besides training the farmers on the latest art of technologies to produce safe and
quality mangoes and guava fit for domestic and export market, they were also linked
with exporters, chain stores, processors to realize better price for their produce. By
exporting guava fruits the farmers realized 200 per cent increased price over the
domestic rate (Rs.36 per kg as against Rs.12 per kg in the domestic market).
c. Empowerment of farmers through associations
Five mango growers associations in Tamil Nadu, one each in other centres have
been formed and linked with traders and exporters of mango. Similarly, an association
for guava growers was formed in Tamil Nadu for better dissemination of technologies.
Farmers associations in the project area were in constant touch with the project team,
availed all the technologies and solved their production and post production problems.
These associations were provided with common inputs namely power operated sprayer
and power chain saw to carryout the farm operations in an effective manner. Formation
of association has helped the farmers to meet one another more frequently and to share
their experience.
Though there was a reasonable increase in productivity and quality of fruits in the
guava project site, the farmers were not able to realize a competitive price in the market.
16
The cost of cultivation incurred by the farmers was too high because of the high input
cost. To cut down the cost of production as well to sustain, the growers of the site
decided to form a “Farmers Producer Company” to achieve financial empowerment.
Once the idea of producer Company was floated, farmers of Old Ayakudi, Tamil
Nadu were trained and taken to nearby producer company to learn about the activities,
rules and regulations and constraints in running the producer company. Accordingly,
registration of “Ayakudi Guava & Fruits Producer Company” was done on 3.1.2014.
Now the farmers are exporting the fruits to Gulf countries under the brand name of
„Ayakudi Guava‟.
d. Inauguration of Agricultural Input shop
In continuation of the “Ayakudi Guava and Fruits producer Company Ltd.”,
farmers wanted to establish an “Agricultural input shop” which was inaugurated on
30.01.2014 at Old Ayakudi, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu. This shop provides genuine
agricultural inputs at an affordable rate to farmers with minimum profit to run the shop.
e. Socio-Economic Impact
The average income of mango and guava growers has enhanced to a minimum of
Rs.20,000 per ha in mango and Rs.30,000 per ha in guava due to increase productivity
and quality. The beneficiary farmers of the project have invested this additional income
earned from these farms in purchase of land, building their own houses/ renovation of
their house, purchase of vehicle for their conveyance and to educate their siblings.
f. Environmental Impact:
For both mango and guava, under technology transfer, farmers were advised to
use bio-fertilizer, bio-pesticide, bio-fungicides and bio-growth regulators. The
beneficiary farmers were provided with bio-fertilizers like Azospirillum,
Phosphobacteria, bio-control agents like T.viride and Pseudomonas. For the control of
fruit fly, pheromone traps/ methyl eugenol were given and to control mealy bugs wax
band and parasitoids were provided to them. During the entire training programme,
farmers, traders, processors and other stakeholders were sensitized to ensure safe
environment by using organic inputs as well as to use optimum dose of safe inorganic
chemicals. During the project period, the fruits collected from the fields of beneficiary
farmers at different seasons were analyzed at toxicology laboratories to know the
residual toxicity. The samples were found to be free from toxic chemicals.
17
g. Sustainability Plan:
The following steps have been taken to sustain the gains
For guava, a comprehensive value chain has been established in the project site
through training the farmers on GAP for quality guava fruit production. After
achieving 73 per cent increased yield and 30 per cent “A” grade fruits (fruits
weighing > 300 g), farmers were linked with domestic chain stores and export
markets. To sustain the productivity, a “farmers producer company” was
established for financial empowerment and an “Agricultural input shop” was
opened to provide quality inputs. The shop will act as a knowledge centre besides
providing genuine agricultural inputs to the farmers.
Mango project farmers trained on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) are now
jointly going for GAP certification for which M/s. Jain Irrigation, Jalgoan,
Maharashtra is supporting to get JAIN GAP certificate. This would facilitate better
pricing besides the adoption of the latest technologies continuously by the farmers.
As part of the post sustainability, all the centres have proposed schemes to the state
government. A project on “Demonstration of Pre and Post Harvest Protocol for
Mango Export” was proposed to the Government of Andhra Pradesh in realm of
private public partnership with an outlay of Rs. 1.60 crores for three years and is
being implemented.
A scheme on “Development of National database of mango” funded by DBT is
being operated at HC & RI (W), Trichy, Tamil Nadu and at Fruit Research Staiton,
Sangareddy of Dr YSR Horticultural University.
A proposal on “Canopy management in young, bearing and senile irrigated
mango orchards” for an outlay of .99.70 lakhs has been proposed by HC & RI
(W), Trichy, Tamil Nadu for funding under NADP scheme.
A scheme proposal on „Niche area of excellence‟ on “Centre of excellence- Ultra
High density planting in fruit crops” for a budget outlay of .4.90 crores has been
submitted by HC & RI (W), Trichy, Tamil Nadu to the ICAR.
18
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project
1. Title of the sub-project : A value chain on mango and guava for
domestic and export markets
2. Sub-project code : 204502
3. Component : 2
4. Date of sanction of sub-project : 01.09.2009
5. Date of the First Release of Funds : 13.05.2009
6. Date of Launch Workshop of the Sub-
project
: 24.06.2009 and 25.06.2009
7. Date of completion : 30.06.2014
8. Project Period : 01.09.2009 to 30.06.2014
9. Extension if granted : 01.07.2012 to 30.06.2014
10. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project : ` 542.12 Lakh
11. Total expenditure of the sub-project : ` 461.54 Lakh
12. Subproject website address (URL)
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/govt_schemes_
services/fruits/proj_details.html
www.naipmangotry.com
(Existed from 7.5.2013 to 6.5.2014)
13. Consortium leader : Dr.T.N.Balamohan
Special Officer
Horticultural College & Research
Institute for Women
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 009
email:[email protected]
14. List of consortium partners
Name of CPI/ CCPI
with designation
Name of organization and
address, phone & fax, email
Duration
(From-To)
Budget
( Lakhs)
CPI Dr. T. N. Balamohan
Special Officer
Horticultural College and
Research Institute for Women
Navalur Kuttapattu,
Tiruchirappalli – 620 009
E mail: [email protected]
Sep, 2009 -
June, 2014 144.49
CCPI
Dr.S.K.Shukla,
Principal Scientist
(Hort.)
Crop Production Division
Central Institute for Subtropical
Horticulture, Rehmankhera,
Kakaori Lucknow - 227 107
E-mail: [email protected]
Sep, 2009 -
Mar, 2014 130.69
CCPI Dr. J. Dilip Babu
Professor (Hort.)
Dr YSR Horticultural University,
Tedepalligudem, West Godavari-
534 101, Andhra Pradesh
Sep, 2009 –
Mar, 2014 124.72
CCPI
Er. Parag Pandit
Assistant Professor
(PHT)
Navsari Agricultural University
Navsari – 396450, Gujarat
Sep, 2009 –
May, 2014 133.53
CCPI Dr. N. G. Hegde
President
BAIF Development Research
Foundation, Dr. Manibhai Sesai
Nagar Wajre, Pune - 411 058.
Sep, 2009 9.45
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
19
15. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (` in lakh)
CPI/ CCPI Name, designation &
address)
Total budget
sanctioned
Fund
released
(up to closing
date)
Fund utilized
(up to closing
date)
CPI
Dr. T. N. Balamohan
Special Officer
Horticultural College and Research
Institute for Women,
N. Kuttapattu,
Tiruchirappalli – 620 009
144.49 133.06 114.56
CCPI
Dr.S.K.Shukla
Principal Scientist (Hort.)
Crop Production Division
Central Institute for Subtropical
Horticulture
Rehmankhera, Kakaori
Lucknow- 227 107
130.96 130.78 106.63
CCPI
Dr. J. Dilip Babu
Professor (Hort.)
Dr YSR Horticultural University
Tedepalligudem
West Godavari-534 101
Andhra Pradesh
124.72 110.21 110.09
CCPI
Er. Parag Pandit
Assistant Professor (PHTC)
Navsari Agricultural University
Navsari – 396450, Gujarat
133.53 133.06 127.69199
CCPI
Dr. N. G. Hegde
President
BAIF Development Research
Foundation
Dr. Manibhai Sesai Nagar Wajre,
Pune 411 058.
9.45 8.68 8.71
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator;
CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
20
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction
Cultivation of fruit crops plays an important role in the prosperity of any nation.
It is generally stated that the standard of living of the people can be judged by per capita
production and consumption of fruits. The potential of fruit crops in the growth of
national economy is noteworthy. The prosperity of a country lies in building up its
foreign exchange reserves. Being a country having varied agro-climatic conditions
ranging from tropical to temperate, India has an very immense potential for the
production of various fruits and their export. The challenges for horticultural industry in
the country are to have sustainability in production in an environment of dwindling land
and water resources. India ranks first in mango and guava production but the
productivity of both the crops continues to be low. India produces 18.0 million tonnes of
mango from 2.5 million ha (NHB, 2012-13). Similarly in guava, India ranks first in the
area and production with 0.23 million ha and 3.1 million tonnes. The national
productivity of guava is 11.7 tonnes/ha. The productivity of mango of our nation is 5.5
tonnes per ha against 25 tonnes in Israel. Among the NAIP implemented states, Andhra
Pradesh leads the race by occupying an area of 0.4 million hectares under mango with a
production of 3.6 million tonnes. In guava, Uttar Pradesh was the leading producer with
a production of 2,41,000 tonnes covering an area of 14,600 hectares. The demand for
fruits of our nation is around 100 million tonnes annually while our production is only
around 50 million tonnes.
Despite of higher production in mango and guava, post harvest losses are more
than 30 per cent which are attributed to perishability, shorter shelf life, inefficient
marketing systems and limited processing facilities. Export of mango and guava is
limited in India due to the absence of cold chain facilities, poor handling, pest problems
and other related issues. Prevalence of inadequate knowledge on advanced production
technologies, limited or negligible value addition due to insufficient number of
processing units, lack of entrepreneurship in the processing sector, distress sale of
produce, lack of market information, unavailability of timely and assured purchasers
leading to delivery of poor quality product to the consumers and ultimately very low
income to fruit growers. It is evident that there is a necessity to increase the yield by 2 to
6 times of the national average by adopting the improved production technologies for
sustainability. The market intelligence in respect of produce, variety and respective
21
prices is not adequate. The existing marketing channel and value chain in mango and
guava are too cumbersome and non-transparent in nature. Keeping all these issues in
mind, this NAIP project was undertaken with the following objectives:
2. Theme of Sub-Project
Perishable commodity trading, once considered as delicate and difficult, is
becoming possible and well demonstrated by several developed countries. In countries
like India, it is imperative to educate the stakeholders of the commodities from
production till consumption for smooth sailing without quality compromise. Here, the
role of value chain is very essential to bring in quality and safety of the produce
throughout the handling by inducting traceability. As an attempt, two commercially
traded fruits namely mango and guava have been identified to establish a value chain to
benefit all the stakeholders. Accordingly, goals were set to sensitise the stakeholders to
carry on their roles consciously to benefit all the players including the consumer to get
both genuine and quality products. Accordingly the following goals were set,
Increase the income and socio-economic status of mango and guava farmers through
increase in mango yield by 25-30% and that of guava by 40-50% coupled with
quality improvement of fruits from the existing orchards due to enhanced water and
fertilizer use efficiency, better canopy management, enhanced orchard efficiency,
effective disease and insect pest management.
Increase the export of mango and guava through better quality fruits and earning
foreign exchange, thereby benefiting different agencies involved in the value chain.
Enhancing the availability of safe / residue free mango and guava fruits for domestic
and export market.
Enhancement in utilization capacity of processing industries through which enhanced
level of mango and guava processing into various value added products like mango
pulp, mango bar, amchoor, dehydrated mango powder and others; guava products
like guava pulp, dehydrated ripe guava powder, guava cider, etc and development of
by-products from mango peel and mango stones.
Enhancement of processing level will ensure nutritional security of the people and
will avoid market gluts during peak seasons of fruit production.
Generation of employment opportunities in Horticulture and Processing sector.
Availability of trained manpower in scientific production, protection and processing
of mango and guava.
22
Increased profitability to the mango and guava producers through better access to
markets.
3. Overall Sub-project Objectives
Enhancing productivity and quality of mango and guava through GAP
Reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing shelf life through scientific pre and post
harvest management practices.
Strengthening of processing of mango and guava through entrepreneurship
development and tie- up with processors.
Facilitating the producers in getting domestic and international market access for
their produce by creating market linkages.
4. Background Status of the Project Based on Baseline Survey
In all the four states where in the programme was implemented, the selection
of project sites were based on,
Extent of cultivation of mango and guava (area / intensity)
Varietal diversity of mango and guava
Places where better linkages could be established among the stakeholder of
mango and guava.
Enthusiasm of the farmers to follow scientific technologies.
Accordingly, the following places were selected in the respective states and
baseline information were collected and documented.
Name and place of project site in all the four states of India
1. TNAU, Tamil Nadu
Guava - Old Ayakudi, Palani
Mango – Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
2. CISH, Lucknow
Guava – Kanpur
Mango – Lucknow
3. NAU, Gujarat
Guava – Bharuch
Mango – Valsad, Navsari
4. Dr. Y.S.R. Horticulture College, Andhra Pradesh
Guava – Medak, Cuddapah
Mango – Medak, Karim Nagar, Chittoor
23
HC&RI(W), TNAU, Trichy, Tamil Nadu Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University,
Andhra Pradesh
Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat Central Institute for Sub-tropical
Horticulture,
Lucknow
24
5. Rationale of the Project and likely benefits, Diagram of Existing Value Chain and
Proposed Value Chain
A flow chart of the value chain at the start of the project as given in the approved
project proposal
A flow chart of the value chain now indicating the interventions made at various
stages from production to consumption
Limited or no value
addition due to lack
of processors/
entrepreneurs
Harvesting, post harvest
handling and management
Processing of
fruits
Marketing of fresh
fruits or value
added products
Consumption
Low quality produce
to consumer and
limited income to
fruit producers
Distress sale of produce,
lack of market access, lack
of assured purchasers
Production system of
mango and guava
Use of traditional methods of
harvesting, post harvest
management and transport
GAPS IN VALUE CHAIN
Formation of
Farmers Producer
Company
25
Sustainability
Enhancing the productivity
through GAP technology
transfer
Scientific harvesting
methods
Value addition through processing Exploring domestic
and export market
Sustaining the activities
Impact
Increased production and
availability of good quality
“A grade mango” and guava
fruits (30% against 10%) for
domestic and export market
Realization of better
pricing by the farmers.
Good quality product is
supplied to suit the
consumers of the domestic
as well as export market.
Establishment of processing industries
in the production belts. Development
of new entrepreneurs in the pulping
and processing industry to be
competitive in the international trading
Assured market and
better returns.
Started an agricultural
input shop for selling
genuine products at an
affordable rate.
Outcome
Enhanced yield from 5.95t to
9.10t/ ha in mango and 9.56t
to 16.59t/ha in guava
The damage due to poor
harvesting methods and
storage has been reduced
dramatically from 30% to
17%.
Receipt of enquiries from potential
entrepreneurs for the establishment of
processing industry in the project site.
The farmers have the
contact of several
traders and processors
which are utilized for
better exploitation of
produce and realization
of price.
Formed farmer
producer company
through self financing
Interventions
Conducted several training
programmes on soil testing,
canopy management, water
use efficiency, INM, IPM,
etc.,
Providing gadgets for
harvesting, handling
(crates), storage and
training the farmers on
scientific methods of
harvest such as gravity
method.
Encouraging the entrepreneurs to
invest on the establishment of fruit
processing industry to exploit the
excess production. Conducting
processor grower meet to discuss and
sort out the issues between them.
Conducted buyer- seller
meet and encouraged
the farmers to
participate in fruit
festivals and mela
within and outside the
state.
Conducted buyer seller
meet
Formed farmers
association.
Market information was
disseminated through
SMS
Reasons
Inadequate knowledge and
non-adoption of improved
technologies.
Manual harvesting methods
and not following
scientific harvesting indices
Due to seasonal nature of the crop both
guava and mango used to hit the
market within a short span of time
which leads to a stressful sale due to
glut.
There is no proper
database for the traders
and processors to
exploit.
Farmers used to operate
in isolation and are
mostly deprived of
technical knowhow &
marketing information
Issues
Low productivity High percentage of
mechanical damage to the
fruits which leads to post
harvest spoilage and low
marketability of the
produce.
Non-availability of the products
throughout the year. Poor realization of
price by the producer and trader due to
glut in the peak harvest period.
Non-popularization of
export varieties and
choice varieties
confining to local areas
Non co-operation
among the farmers for
sharing knowledge and
to attain the financial
independence
26
6. Sub-project Technical Profile and NAIP interventions
S.No. Major activities Base Line Value Monitoring Indicator Achievements
1. Selection of target
farmers for the purpose
and benchmark survey
No commodity group of
farmers was in existence
TNAU - Selected 75 farmers for
mango from Krishnagiri and 25
farmers in guava from Old
Ayakudi
NAU, Gujarat - Selected 80
farmers for Kesar mango 20
farmers for Allahabad Safeda
guava.
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, AP - Selected 75
mango and 25 guava farmers in
Medak and Rangareddy district.
CISH, Lucknow - Selected 50
mango farmers and 50 guava
farmers
All the farmers were trained on
production, post harvest, processing
and marketing techniques through
several trainings, seminars,
workshops, demonstrations,
exhibition and conferences
2. Centre opening and light
pruning in existing
orchards of mango and
guava
The farmers did not practice
„Centre opening and light
pruning‟ in any one of the
consortia.
TNAU- Increased the light
availability by 75 per cent in
mango and 55 per cent in guava
through light pruning and centre
opening.
NAU, Gujarat -Increased the
light availability by 150 per cent
with 38 per cent yield increase.
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, AP - Increased
the light availability by 75 per
cent.
CISH, Lucknow - Increased the
light availability by 75 per cent.
Hydraulic platform and tractor
mounted hydraulic platform
machines were purchased for
demonstration.
Motorized power chain saw was
purchased and distributed to the
association as a common input.
Gear type pruning saw, pruning
saw and secateurs were given to
all the farmers.
Mango : Light intensity
Before Centre Opening=55 K.lux
After Centre Opening = 97 K.Lux
27
Increase in light availability = 76 %
Guava : Light intensity
Before Centre Opening= 75 K,lux
After Centre Opening= 120 K.lux
Increase in light availability = 60 %
Yield increase = 20 to 35 per cent
3. Water application through
drip/during critical
periods
(At Pea and Marble
stages)
Conventional surface
irrigation method is
predominantly followed
without any critical water
application.
The adoption of drip
irrigation system varied
from zero to 52 per cent in
mango and zero to 20 per
cent in guava.
Farmers adopted irrigation at
critical stages viz., pea stage and
marble stage which increased
the fruit set considerably (23
per cent over control)
Similarly during the project
period 38 per cent of mango
farmers and 45 per cent of
guava farmers adopted drip
system over and above the base
line value.
Saving of water by 25-30 per cent
was achieved.
Improved irrigation methods and
water application at critical
periods increased the fruit set
considerably thus increasing the
yield by 15 to 20 per cent in
mango and 20 to 23 per cent in
guava.
4. Integrated nutrient
management based on soil
and leaf nutrient analysis
Among the mango
beneficiary farmers of
different consortia, less
than 20 per cent tested
their soil and no one had
applied fertilizer based on
the soil test report.
Among the guava
beneficiary farmers of
different consortia, less
than 12 per cent tested
their soil and no one had
applied fertilizer based on
Application of balanced
nutrients advanced flowering by
15 to 25 days and increased fruit
set by 5 to 23 per cent.
Reduced incidence of pest (15
to 20 per cent) was observed
due to the adoption of integrated
nutrient management.
Integrated nutrient management
enhanced the fruit quality and
grade in both mango and guava.
On an average there was an
increase in “A grade” fruits of
Early harvest in mango fetched
premium price to the farmers
practicing soil based integrated
nutrient management.
Enhanced “A grade guava”
production which fetched a
premium price of 130 per cent to
210 per cent while exporting.
Reduction in the cost of
inputs for Kesar Mango in
Gujarat.
Nitrogen use efficiency
increased from 83.28 kg to
28
the soil test report.
No one had tested leaf
nutrient content both in
mango and guava.
More than 90 per cent of
the farmers followed
fertilizer schedule of their
own.
More than 98 per cent
farmers had not applied
micro nutrients for mango.
More than 90 per cent of
guava farmers had not
applied micro nutrients.
None of the farmers have
used water soluble
fertilizers.
15 to 20 per cent in mango and
20 to 25 per cent in guava.
There was increase in fertilizer
use efficiency by 25 per cent
and yield increase by 20 to 25
per cent.
The beneficiary farmers were
provided with bio-fertilizers
such as Azospirillum,
Phosphobacteria, VAM.
The beneficiary farmers were
provided with critical
micronutrients like Boron and
Znic.
91.115 kg of yield/kg of N.
Phosphorus use efficiency
increased from 100.18 kg to
217.0 kg or yield/kg of P.
Potash use efficiency increased
from 109.75kg to 132.80 kg of
yield /kg of K
Farmers started using the
recommended dose of SAU after
intervention.
5. Use of chemicals for
regular bearing in mango
The base line survey
indicated that mango
farmers were using
growth hormones for fruit
set and paclobutrazol for
flower induction.
Among the consortia, the
usage of growth hormones
like NAA ranged from
zero to 83 per cent.
For the induction of
flowering, the usage of
paclobutrazol ranged from
Fruit set in mango enhanced due
to application of growth
hormones viz., NAA, Sorbitol,
KNO3.
Flowering was enhanced and
also shifted to non bearing
period (off season i.e., other
than the regular bearing period)
In guava, the quality of the
fruits was enhanced due to the
application of potassium nitrate.
About 50 to 60 per cent increase
in flowering of irregular bearing
The technology resulted in
regular mango production
ensuring good quality mangoes
for export.
The farmers participated in the
Hort Sangam Fest (2011) held
at Delhi and Mango Fest held at
Trivandrum consequently for 2
years (2012 & 2013).
In Gujarat, application of
paclobutrazol during the month
of August 2013 in mango cv.
Kesar induced regular flowering.
29
zero to 10 per cent among
the consortia.
mango trees was observed along
with yield increase upto 40 to
45 per cent.
6. Management of insect –
pests and diseases using
environment friendly
molecules and
bio-agents
Mango and guava:
Environment- friendly
pest control methods were
not practiced by the
farmers.
Indiscriminate usage of
pesticides was noticed.
No report on guava
nematode in the project
area
Both mango and guava are being
affected by fruit fly and mealy
bugs.
To control fruit fly, farmers of
both mango and guava were
provided with pheromone traps
@ 6 nos. /farmer.
Similarly to control mealy bug
both mango and guava farmers
were provided with three
parasitoids @ 6 tubes per farmer.
Subsequently, farmers were also
provided with methyl eugenol
(fruit fly pheromone trap).
Farmers were educated to avoid
harmful banned chemicals and
synthetic pyrethroids.
Presence of guava root knot
nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) was
established and farmers were
provided with Paecilomyces sp.
which gave good control.
The pulpers of the project area
got better mango pulp recovery
of 52 per cent against 45 per cent
before the intervention.
This was attributed due to better
management of fruit fly, a
serious pest affecting the fruit
after ripening.
The traders also expressed better
return after sale.
Mortality due to nematode
complex was stopped.
7. Pesticide residue analysis
in fresh mango and guava
fruits.
No farmers have done
pesticide residual analysis
for fruits.
Residual analysis was randomly
done by the guava and mango
farmers during cropping.
Samples were drawn during all
seasons for analysis and the
After the intervention of NAIP
both mango and guava learned to
use safe and toxic free chemicals
which brought down the toxicity
levels of the fruits.
30
results revealed that the toxicity
level was negligible or not
beyond the threshold level.
8. Field days and training of
farmers/stakeholders for
timely and correct orchard
management practices
Although field days and
trainings were conducted to
the farmers by the allied
departments including state
agricultural department, the
farmers expressed
inadequacy and insufficient
information on orchard
management.
TNAU - In Mango, 34 trainings
were conducted and in guava 40
trainings were conducted for
adoption of technologies.
NAU - In Mango, 13 trainings
were conducted and in guava 19
trainings were conducted to
educate about the technologies.
CISH - In Mango, 9 trainings
were conducted and in guava 15
trainings were conducted.
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U - A total of 16
trainings in mango and 10
trainings in guava were
conducted on production
technologies.
BAIF - In Mango, 11 trainings
and in guava 5 trainings were
conducted to the farmers.
Put together, 83 trainings on
mango and 89 trainings on guava
were conducted in all the
consortia to transfer the latest art
of technologies to the farmers.
A National level training on „GAP
in mango‟ was conducted by
NAU, Navsari which includes the
farmers of Tamil Nadu,
Maharastra, Gujarat, Rajasthan
and Uttar Pradesh.
9. Pre-harvest bagging of
mango fruits.
None of the farmers have
reported to follow the fruit
bagging practice before
harvesting.
280 mango farmers and 120
guava farmers practiced
bagging.
Around 20per cent of the fruits
within the human reach where
bagged when the fruits become
marble stage and above.
All the farmers invariably got
better quality fruits due to
bagging.
The fruits after bagging were
very clear, bright, without any
blemishes and developed
attractive yellow colour after
ripening.
31
For export, bagging was found to
be pre-requisite, although the
exporters did not insist upon.
For local market bagging did not
make any difference.
Most of the farmers felt that
although bagging involved some
cost, it did not reflect on the
price realized by them.
10. Harvesting at proper
maturity and use of
harvesting tools
Most of the farmers
followed visual methods
to know the maturity
indices for harvest of
mango and guava
No special harvest method
for distance marketing of
mango and guava
No special harvest
equipments were used in
the harvest of mango and
guava for export
marketing
Provided the harvest equipments
mentioned below for use and
demonstration purpose.
Mango harvester, Hydraulic
fruit picking platform and
Tractor mounted harvester by
TNAU
Dapoli mango harvester by
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Mango harvester, Hydraulic
fruit picking platform by CISH
All the farmers were trained and
have gained the knowledge about
maturity index.
All the consortia farmers were
able to produce fruits suitable for
export by adopting the
technologies.
Besides, they got good feedback
from the traders which helped
them to harvest the fruits at
correct maturity by using
mechanical harvesters.
11. Ripening of mango fruits
using ethrel
No farmer used ethrel
for ripening of mango in
almost all the consortia.
However, traders and
merchants used calcium
carbide @ 600 g per 20 kg
box, which is a harmful
chemical and not
permitted officially.
A ripening chamber was
established at TNAU at a cost of
Rs. 2.5 lakh.
The unit was used for the
conduct of trainings,
demonstration etc., and also to
ripen the fruits and exhibit in
the “fruit melas”.
All the centres demonstrated the
Farmers were trained and
demonstrated about scientific
ripening of mangoes and
discouraged the non scientific
methods such as the use of
calcium carbide – All partners
Out of 25t of mango fruits
ripened in the ripening chamber
5 t were taken to Delhi (Hort
32
usage of low cost ripening
chamber for mango fruits.
sangam mela) and 20t to “Mango
fest” conducted at Trivandrum
during 2012 and 2013. There
was a tremendous response from
the consumers and visitors of the
melas which encouraged our
farmers for participating in all
the exhibitions.
A total quantity of 20 t Kesar
Mango by N.A.U., Navsari, 300 t
by APMC, Navsari, 500 t by
GAICL, Ahmadabad, 10 t Kesar
Mango by a Progressive farmer
and 200 t Kesar Mango were
ripened using ethylene gas as per
NAU guidelines which were
further followed by the farmers
for processing, domestic
marketing, mango festival &
direct marketing respectively
during last three years.
More than 3516 t of Kesar
Mango fruits were ripened using
Ethylene @ 90 ppm by NAU and
the associated partners of this
project. Uniformity of ripening
was observed.
12. Pre-cooling of mangoes None of the farmers
practiced pre-cooling of
fruits before packing.
Removal of field heat and
lowering the temperature of
produce by 140C is essential for
A total 50 t of Kesar mangos were
pre-cooled at 10oC and 90per cent
RH since the last three years.
33
However the exporters
practiced and insisted pre-
cooling as it is necessary
for export.
storage of mangoes.
This was demonstrated to all the
beneficiary farmers and
stakeholders through several
trainings and demonstrations.
Under the advocacy of the project,
pre-cooling of fruits were done at
different centres as follows. 2t of
Kesar Mango at NAU, Navsari,
1000 t Mango at APMC, Navsari;
2400 t Kesar Mango at GAICL,
Ahmedabad and 100 t Mango at
Private Vendor, Surat totaling
3502 t.
It was observed that pre-cooling
besides increasing the shelf life of
Kesar mango by 30 days, also
gave satisfactory ripening at
11+1oC and above 90 per cent RH
13. Sorting and grading of
fruits
Sorting and grading were
not being practiced by the
farmers.
Only the traders/exporters
practiced sorting and
grading of fruits.
Hot water treatment unit and
grader are available with all the
consortia members for
trainings/demonstration
Several trainings and
demonstrations were conducted
using hot water treatment unit
and grader.
Sorting & grading was done for
50 t of Kesar Mango manually.
Under the advocacy of the
project, sorting and grading of
fruits were done at different
centres as follows. About 2t of
Kesar Mango at NAU, Navsari,
1000 t Mango at APMC,
Navsari; 2400 t Kesar Mango at
GAICL, Ahmedabad and 100 t
Mango at Private Vendor, Surat.
Due to grading farmers got 9.33
per cent more price particularly
due to bruise free and uniform
quality fruits.
14. Packaging in CFB boxes
or plastic crates
More than 90 per cent
farmers used trucks for
transport of fruits
Under the scheme, all guava
farmers were provided with two
plastic crates of 20 kg capacity
TNAU
Using the CFB boxes, the guava
framers exported 226t to gulf
34
Less than 5 per cent of the
farmers used crates for
storage and transport
None of the farmers used
CFB boxes for packing
and storing
and 50 CFB boxes.
Each mango beneficiary farmer
provided with 10 CFB boxes and
2 plastic crates of 20 kg capacity.
countries through M/s. Fair
exporters, Pollachi.
More than 80 per cent of the
farmers used plastic crates for
the transport of mangoes to the
pulpers.
NAU
Around 5000 kg of Kesar mango
was exported in specially
designed boxes of 3kg capacity
to UK.
About 10 t Kesar mangos were
marketed in 10 kg, 5 kg and 2 kg
boxes from Ahmedabad and New
Delhi in specially designed CFB
boxes.
Around 3502 t mangoes were
packed in well designed CFB
Boxes.
Nearly 2 t Kesar mango were
sold by two farmers at Surat and
Ahmedabad during Kesar Mango
Festival in June, 2013 using
specially designed CFB boxes
each holding 3kg fruit in 12
numbers.
After grading, sorting and
packing in CFB boxes farmers
got a better price i.e. Rs.200-250
per 3 kg box.
35
Farmers have started using
plastic crates instead of wooden
containers for on farm handling
of fruits.
15. Training the farmers/
stakeholders on post
harvest related
technologies.
Farmers of all consortia
expressed their willingness
to take up training on post
harvest management.
In TNAU, 10 post harvest
related trainings were conducted
for both mango and guava.
In NAU, 6 trainings were
conducted on post harvest for
both mango and guava.
In CISH, 4 post harvest related
trainings were conducted for
mango and 7 post harvest
related trainings were conducted
for guava.
In Dr.Y.S.R.H.U 4 post harvest
related trainings were for mango
and 2 post harvest related
trainings were conducted for
guava.
In BAIF, 11 post harvest related
trainings were conducted for
mango and 5 post harvest
related trainings were conducted
for guava and totally 16
trainings were conducted.
Totally 35 trainings were
conducted for mango and 30
trainings were conducted for
guava and totally 65 trainings
conducted on post harvest
management by the consortia.
16. Tie- up of mango and
guava growers with
processing industries for
processing of produce
At present processors and
exporters purchase mango
either from co-operatives or
fruit agents. Therefore,
Linkages were made between
mango and guava farmers with
processing industries through
several stake holders meets.
Now farmers realize better price
by direct transaction with
processing industries.
BAIF- established linkage with
36
into different products. farmers sell their fruits
either to co-operative and
fruit merchants. There is no
direct linkage between
processers and growers.
Awareness was created among
the farmers in getting
information about the required
quality and quantity of fruits
demanded by the processing
industries.
guava growers of Bharuch
district and sold 19 t/month.
Gandevi Sangh, Gujarat-
strengthened linkage with Kesar
mango growers of Navsari
district and sold 1050 t.
Patson Foods Pvt. Ltd, Gujarat -
established linkage with Kesar
mango growers of Navsari
district and sold 3700 t.
Foods & Inns Pvt. Ltd, Gujarat -
Linkage was established with
Kesar mango growers of Valsad
district and sold 5950 t.
Deep Fresh Frozen Foods Pvt,
Gujarat - established linkage
with Kesar mango growers of
Navsari district and sold 60 t.
Totally 10779 t of mango were
processed with the tie-up of
farmers and processors in South
Gujarat on the advice of NAIP
project scientists.
17. Strengthening of market
linkages by organizing
buyers-growers meet /
interactions.
No such activity was
reported during survey.
There is a need to strengthen
the marketing linkage by
organizing meetings with
co-operatives, exporters,
processors and farmers.
In TNAU, 14 buyer-seller meets
were conducted.
In NAU, 5 buyer- seller meets
were conducted.
In CISH, 5 buyer- seller meets
were conducted.
In Dr.Y.S.R.H.U one buyer -
Totally 25 buyer-seller meets
were conducted by the consortia.
After interaction with the
exporters and processors, the
farmers felt that this was going
to be a real turning point in their
business.
37
seller meet was conducted.
18. Tie- up of producers with
the market agencies
in the country and
exporters
The farmers sold their
produce in the local market
which fetched a low price.
They were not aware of the
exporters as well as quality
standards of export
Farmers were linked with the
exporters through various
meetings in the project area
TNAU – 63 t (2010), 75 t (2011),
and 87 t (2012) of guava fruits
were procured from Old Ayakudi
through M/s. Fair exporters and
exported to various countries like
UAE, Dubai, Doha, Oman, Qatar
and Muscat.
In Tamil Nadu, there are about 55
pulping units procuring about 3 to
4 lakhs tonnes of Totapuri /
Alphonso annually from the
project area.
Three buyer-seller meets were
organized during the last three
years for Kesar mango and
Allahabad Safeda guava each.
Five tons of Kesar mango was
exported to UK through Valsad
Fruit & Vegetable Co-operative
Society, Gandevi, Navsari.
About 30 t Kesar mango was
exported to Dubai through Neel
Agro Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad.
More than 2510 t of mango was
marketed in “Kesar Mango
Festival” organized by NAIP
project associated partner GAICL
at Ahmadabad Haat as well as in
other markets.
38
Around 7657 t of Kesar mango
was purchased from project area
by various processors.
A National Level Buyer-Seller
Meet was organized at NAU.
19. Yield of orchard TNAU
Mango
Alphonso - 4.5 t/ha
Neelum - 6.51 t/ha
Totapuri - 6.82 t/ha
Guava
Lucknow 49 - 10 t/ha
NAU
Mango: 5.1 -6.5 t/ha
Guava: 1.0 – 6.5 t/ha
CISH
Mango: 5.00 t/ha
Guava: 15.2 t/ha
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Mango: 4-5 t/ha
Guava: 10 t /ha
All the consortia farmers after
attending a series of trainings on
the advanced production
technologies of mango and
guava, adopted the latest
technologies.
By using paclobutrazol the
mango farmers reaped a bumper
harvest in the off season, there by
fetched a high profit.
Some farmers used paclobutrazol
to enhance regular bearing in
mango.
Recorded yields:
TNAU
Mango : 8-12 t/ha.
Guava : 15-18 t/ha.
NAU
Mango: 7-8.5 t /ha
(30.75 per cent increase)
Guava: 18-20 t /ha
(20.7 per cent increase)
CISH
Mango : 8-10 t/ha.
Guava : 15 t/ha.
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Mango : 6-8 t/ha.
Guava : 16 t/ha.
20. Price of fruit TNAU
Mango : `. 10-15/kg
Guava : `.10-15/kg
NAU
Mango: `. 14.87 /kg
Guava: `.8.20 /kg
CISH
Mango : `. 12/kg
Guava : `.10/kg
The farmers were well aware of
the market trends after attending
the buyer seller meet and they
were informed about the daily
market price through sms.
Besides, through the usage of
safe chemicals and bio control
agents, the farmers were able to
get premium price in the market.
TNAU
Mango : ` 50-75/kg
Guava : `30-40/kg
NAU
Mango:` 22.00/kg
(47.94 per cent increase)
Guava: `13.00/kg
(58.5 per cent increase)
39
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Mango : `. 15-20/ kg
Guava : `.10-12/kg
CISH
Mango : `.25.00/kg
Guava : `.15.00/kg
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Mango : `.25-30/kg
Guava : `.18/kg
21 Net Income TNAU
Mango :
Alphonso : `.52,225/ha
Guava :
Lucknow49: `.31,600/ha
NAU
Mango: `. 93,431 /ha
Guava: `. 53,275 /ha
The farmers by adopting high
density planting techniques,
improved intercultural operations
and better marketing realized an
increased yield per unit area and
also premium price for the fruits.
TNAU
Mango:Alphonso: `.1,50,000/ha.
Guava:Lucknow 49: `.1,00,000/ha
NAU
Mango: `. 1,70,000/ha
Guava: `. 2,20,000/ha
40
7. Baseline Analysis
HC & RI (W), TNAU, TRICHY
The base line survey was made with 75 mango and 25 guava beneficiaries of
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri district and Old Ayakudi, Dindigul district. Salient findings of the
survey are furnished below:
Only 20 and 12 per cent of mango and guava beneficiary farmers tested their soil, but
none of them took up any corrective measures. Lack of awareness and technical
knowledge were the major causes reported
About 88 per cent of beneficiary farmers were aware of drip irrigation and 84 per cent
expressed interest to install drip system. Nearly, 29.3 and 20 per cent of farmers already
had drip system for mango and guava.
Only two mango farmers out of 75 (2.67 per cent) had high density planting. Only 45.33
per cent followed canopy management, none of the beneficiary farmers used any
specialized tools for training mango trees. In guava, none of the beneficiary farmers
followed high density planting.
Only 16 per cent of the beneficiary farmers reported the usage of fruit fly traps. All the
other farmers adopted chemical control measures.
About 60.78 per cent of farmers used undesired or banned chemicals, 29.41 per cent
used unknown chemicals and only 9.80 per cent used recommended and safe chemicals.
Nearly, 76.47 to 90.00 per cent reported non-availability of quality chemicals as one of
the constraints in plant protection measures.
The beneficiary farmers followed multiple maturity indices like change of colour (88per
cent), grey spots on peel (73.33per cent) and shining glossy shoulders (58.67per cent).
All the mango and guava farmers followed only manual harvesting and did not use any
tools.
Loss during harvest and post harvest operation amounted to 14 to15 per cent in mango
and 18 per cent in guava.
Beneficiary farmers selling mango to local buyers accounted for 36 per cent, while 56
per cent sold through mediators or brokers
Only 29.33 per cent of beneficiary farmers underwent training on mango cultivation
while 18.67 per cent were part of grower associations.
41
The major source of information was through fellow farmers (46.67 to 57.33per cent),
followed by middlemen (33.63 to 61.33per cent) while 33.33 per cent of beneficiary
farmers indicated demonstration and exposure visit especially with reference to inputs.
Only 20 per cent of beneficiary farmers used crates for handling of fruits which
minimize the losses. Others either used bamboo baskets or transported in heaps or in
gunny bags.
NAU, NAVSARI, GUJARAT
With a view to know the status of production to consumption practice related to
mango and guava at each stakeholder‟s level of South Gujarat, a systematic survey was
conducted by Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. About 80 mango and 20 guava
growers were interviewed and survey was conducted.
Mango occupied 68 per cent while guava is only one per cent of total cropped area.
None of the farmers reported centre opening and mild pruning of orchard.
Surveyed farmers did not use drip irrigation.
Out of 40 farmers in the mango belt, 16 used paclobutrazol @ 30 ml per tree for regular
bearing.
The major pest problem reported was fruit fly and hopper. Farmers were using 8-10 fruit
fly traps per ha and and also sprayed endosulphan for its control. Die-back and wilt are
the most serious diseases reported for mango and guava. Farmers sprayed Carbendazim
@ 2 per cent to ward off the diseases.
Out of 50 farmers surveyed, 15 farmers have undergone training on mango cultivation.
None of the farmers have reported to follow the fruit bagging practice before harvest.
All the farmers are doing sorting and grading of fruits before packing. All the farmers are
packed mango and guava in plastic crates and wooden baskets.
Out of 15 stakeholders four were involved in mango processing. Processors did not
practice waste utilization in mango and guava.
The farmers were selling their fruits to co-operatives and fruit merchants.
42
CISH, LUCKNOW
A systematic survey was conducted among farmers using a pre-tested interview
schedule as per the NAIP guide lines. In total, 100 farmers representing four clusters of two
taluks of Lucknow outlined in the operational areas were interviewed:
It was found that cent per cent farmers were growing mango as main fruit crop. All the
farmers preferred „Dashehari‟ variety while 38 per cent farmers have other varieties also.
In the village, majority of farmers (90per cent) never tried tested the samples of their
orchards while only 10per cent farmers practiced soil testing regularly.
None of the farmers practiced training and pruning in their mango orchards. They were
not exposed to window opening or pruning trees. They used to cut only the damaged
branches with axe.
Among villagers, there was no awareness on the integrated pest management, integrated
nutrient management and water management.
All the farmers had problem of irregular bearing in their mango orchards.
All the farmers of the village were ignorant about quality improvement in fruits by
bagging and inducing regularity in bearing by the application of paclobutrazol.
Majority of farmers (80 per cent) harvested their crop at optimum maturity while 20 per
cent farmers harvested their crop before maturity. Regarding harvesting methods 40 per
cent farmers harvested their crop manually and by using sticks. There were 20 per cent
farmers who harvested their crop by hand and laggi.
Regarding proper ripening of fruits, there was no farmer in village who knows about use
of etherel in fruit ripening. There were 44 per cent farmers who used calcium carbide for
fruit ripening.
At village level, there were only 2 per cent of farmers exposed on pre cooling.
All the farmers of village were serious about sorting of damaged fruits and proper
grading before packaging. All the farmers used wooden box and baskets for packaging of
fruits.
In the village, majority of farmers (96 per cent) were not exposed to any training
programme.
43
Farmer of this village believed that sorting and grading of fruits before marketing gives
encouraging returns. Therefore all the farmers manually graded the fruits.
In the village, farmers were not involved in value addition of their produce. This might be
due to the reason that they were getting good price even for fresh fruits.
Prevailing marketing practice in village indicates that majority of farmers (42 per cent)
sent their produce to large mandi and 28 per cent farmers sell their produce in nearest
APMC.
About 24 per cent of the farmers sold their produce through middle men. Only 6 per cent
sold their produce to local buyers.
In the village most of the farmers (68 per cent) were getting information on the selling
price of their produce through middle men.
Farmers of village have very poor knowledge on the storage of fruits. About 88 per cent
farmers did not know how to store fruits at local level while only 12 per cent had
knowledge on advanced methods of storage.
DR.Y.S.R.H.U, ANDHRA PRADESH
Among the 23 districts of Andhra Pradesh, two districts i.e., Medak and Rangareddy
were selected for the study. Both the districts are located in the backward area of Telangana
with low production and technological dissemination. Seventy five mango and twenty five
guava farmers in six mandals of Medak and two mandals of Rangareddy of Andhra Pradesh
were selected for the study.
Majority of the villages had poor awareness on IPM, INM and waste management
resulting in poor adoption of these technologies.
Majority of the farmers were not aware of soil health and soil testing.
All the farmers selected in the cluster had not taken any land for lease. Most of the
farmers cultivated mango cv. Beneshan in combination with other varieties. In guava,
Allahabad safed wsa grown.
Canopy management or pruning was done by all the farmers but in an unscientific
manner with secatures. No spray was taken up after canopy management/pruning.
Majority farmers are irrigating mango orchards five times and guava orchards four times
during fruiting season.
44
Farmers used Farmyard manure as organic source of fertilizer and DAP and MOP as
inorganic source of fertilizers. Use of straight fertilizers as a source for N, P and which
was not followed by the farmers.
Though most of the farmers were aware of pest and disease problems in mango and
guava they were not clear and confidant in identifying the exact cause of the damage.
Spraying was taken up without proper knowledge on the chemicals and they are
dependent on local dealers for advice.
Most of the farmers were not aware of the pre and post harvest technologies, processing
and export knowledge in mango and guava.
Majority of the farmers were not satisfied with the price they got for their and all the
farmers were searching for an alternative mechanism.
Majority of the farmers acquired market information through various sources of mass
communication, middlemen and local markets.
Only 30 percent of the farmers attended training programmes at the Fruit Research
Station, Sangareddy and trainings organized by the department of Horticulture, Andhra
Pradesh.
8. Factorization of investment costs in relation to the number of beneficiaries
Hundred beneficiary farmers were selected in each state as a core group to
implement the project. In the case of Tamil Nadu, seventy five mango farmers and 25 guava
farmers were identified as beneficiaries. Under this project, Rs. 5,000/- worth of chemicals,
fertilizers and other critical inputs were given to farmers to implement the scientific
inventions in the first year. Similarly, in the second year also Rs. 3000/- worth of inputs, 3rd
year Rs. 2000/- worth of materials and in the 4th
year, Rs. 1000/- worth of materials were
given as listed below.
S.No Inputs Qty No. of beneficiary
Farmers
45
Each farmer field is considered as a demonstration unit for the nearby
non-beneficiary farmers. This facilitated the nearby non beneficiary farmers to see and
believe. The technology transferred had wide acceptance among the non-beneficiary farmers
of the project area.
1. Special Micronutrient mixture 10 kg/farmer 100 Nos.
2.
Fertilizer
i) Urea
ii) Potash
5 bag/farmer
5 bag/farmer
100 Nos.
3.
Bio fertilizers
i) Azospirillum
ii) Phosphobacteria
iii) VAM
7 kg/farmer
7 kg/farmer
8 kg/farmer
100 Nos.
4. KH2PO4 3 kg/farmer 75Nos.
5. Paclobutrazol 0.5 lit/farmer 75 Nos.
6.
Bio control agents
i) P. florescence,
1.5 kg/farmer
100 Nos
ii) T. viride 1.5 kg/farmer 100 Nos
7. Fruit fly trap 6 Nos./farmer 100 Nos
8. Methyl eugenol 250 ml 100 Nos.
9. Harvester 1 No 75 Nos.
10. Corrugated boxes 20 Nos./farmer 100 Nos.
11. Borax 10 kg/farmer 25 Nos.
12. Sorbitol 1 kg/farmer 100 Nos.
13. Potassium nitrate 15 kg/farmer 100 Nos.
14. Urea phosphate 15 kg/farmer 25 Nos.
15. Tree pruner 1 no/farmer 100 Nos.
16. Foam net Total – 70mts
2.8 mts/farmer 100 Nos.
17. Plastic crates 2 Nos/farmer 100 Nos.
18. Pruning saw 1 No / farmer 100 Nos.
19. Secateurs 1 No / farmer 100 Nos.
46
9. RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS WITH SUMMARY
Research achievement - 1
1. Title of the
technology
: Production of off season mangoes in the traditional
mango belts.
2. Existing system : The project site, Pochampalli, Tamil Nadu is a traditional
mango belt known for regular crop but for not off season
crops. Regularly, mango fruits are available during summer
i.e., April to July every year.
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Induction of off season mango production through chemicals
and canopy management
4. Brief description of
intervention/
innovation
: Flowering in mango occurs during December-January every
year. Application of excess nitrogen during August-
September @150 per cent (9 kg urea/ tree) against the
recommended dose of 6 kg urea/ tree would induce
vegetative bud formation and delay flower bud initiation.
Further, mango trees forced to produce vegetative buds were
applied with paclobutrazol @ 8-10 g per tree during
March/April to induce flowers during July and fruits from
October to December.
5. Results : The technology resulted in the production of fruits during
off season i.e., from October to December thus fetching a
premium price to farmers.
6. Expected outcome
: Availability of mango is extended beyond the regular
season. Farmers got a premium price of Rs.40/kg for off
season mangoes as against Rs.12-15/kg for the regular ones.
Fig-1: Bearing of off season Mango
47
Research achievement -2
1. Title of the
technology
: Canopy management in Ultra high density planted mango
orchards.
2. Existing system : UHDP is a new planting system with a very high population
density (1666 trees/ha) wherein canopy management is very
much essential for facilitating good fruiting and harvest.
However, the technology is not yet standardized for commercial
cultivars.
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Pruning of shoots at varied lengths and application of
paclobutrazol to induce flowers.
4. Brief description of
intervention/
innovation
: Severe pruning (50 per cent removal of past season‟s wood)
registered 2.36 kg fruits/tree and very severe pruning (100 per
cent removal of past reason‟s wood) resulted in 7.5 kg
fruits/tree. However, tipping off (light pruning) yielded 19.96
kg fruits/tree and severe pruning (50 per cent removal of past
seasons wood) yielded 12.36 kg fruits/tree when practised in
alternate rows along with the application of paclobutrazol @ 5
ml/tree resulted in higher yield and quality (av. 16.12 kg
fruits/tree).
5. Results : As the population under UHDP is three times higher than the
conventional method, trees overlapped each other in a span of
two years as against 7-8 years in the conventional method.
Maintaining the canopy well within the boundary and getting
quality fruits might be possible through judicial pruning and
training. Canopy management i.e., tipping off (light pruning)
and severe pruning (50 per cent removal of past season‟s wood)
in alternate rows along with the application of paclobutrazol @ 5
ml/tree resulted in the yield of 25-26 t/ha/yr.
6. Expected outcome
: The longevity of the orchard could be prolonged. This ensures
regular bearing and compact tree stature without overlapping.
Fig-2: Canopy Management in Mango
48
Research achievement -3
1. Title of the technology : Ultra High Density planting in guava
2. Existing system : Guava is normally grown at a spacing of 5m x 5m
accommodating 400 trees per ha. It starts yielding from 2nd
year onwards with an average yield of 3 t / ha
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Under this project, UHDP was taken up at a spacing of 1.5m
x 2 m with 2222 trees per ha. This technology helps in
exploiting every inch of the land besides producing fruits
within one year after planting.
4. Brief description of
intervention/ innovation
: UHDP in guava is a new concept which helps in exploiting
the land and water very efficiently and in obtaining the
maximum yield per unit area. This advanced technology not
only helps in getting an early yield but also makes cultural
operations easy due to the compact tree stature acquired by
regular pruning and training.
5. Results : A demonstration plot with UHDP was established at our
college campus and at a farmers‟ field (Mr. Varadharajan,
Rukuvarpatty, Old Ayakudi) gave an yield of around 4 to 5
t/ ha/yr in the first year itself. Inspired by this technology,
two groups of 25 farmers each have expressed interest to
grow guava under UHDP.
6. Expected outcome
: By practicing this, the longevity of the orchard could be
prolonged. This ensures regular bearing and compact tree
stature without overlapping.
Fig-3: Ultra High Density in Guava
49
Research Achievement No: 4
1. Title of the technology : Pre-harvest paper bagging of mango and guava fruits
2. Existing system : Normally, the skin of both mango and guava fruits remains
unclean with blemishes due to bruises, pest and disease
damage. Farmers do not adopt bagging since it is cost
involved.
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Bagging of mango/ guava fruits
4. Brief description of
intervention/ innovation
: After fruit set, guava and mango fruits were covered with
paper bags at marble stage. This technology was
introduced in all mango and guava orchards and it was
tested in all centers. The cost of bagging is around Rs.0.50
per fruit.
5. Results : Quality of fruits was enhanced. The percentage of damage
by bruising as well as bird bite was reduced from 26 per
cent to 2 per cent in guava and from 13.35 per cent to 1.5
per cent in mango. On an average, the fruit volume
increased by 12.5 per cent and 16.27 per cent in guava and
mango respectively (Annexure-1, Tables -1,2 & 3).
6. Expected outcome : Fruit volume increased by 10 per cent with better quality
and appeal although it involves additional cost for cover and
labour for bagging.
Fig-4: Fruit bagging in Mango & Guava
50
Research Achievement No: 5
1. Title of the
technology
: Tractor mounted power operated low volume sprayer for pest
and disease control.
2. Existing system : Availability of labour is a problem in the agriculture sector which
is due to payment of higher wages in the industrial sector. For
spraying farmers use manually operated small size pumps which
are not suitable for big trees in orchards.
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Demonstration of high capacity low volume tractor mounted
power sprayers.
4. Brief description of
intervention/
innovation
: Spraying of agrochemicals is one of the important operations in
orchard management. The selection of spray pump plays an
important role in the overall expenditure which involves wastage
of costly agro-chemicals and total productivity. A comparative
study between tycoon sprayer (Tractor Mounted Power Sprayer)
and the traditional power sprayer was carried out in 25 year old
mango orchards at different locations of Navsari and Valsad
district.
5. Results : It was observed that there is a saving of about 20 per cent agro-
chemicals in high volume fine particle sprayers (tycoon) with a
reduction in spray time by 12.5 per cent. The cost of tycoon
sprayer is found to be 4.3 times higher than traditional (piston
pump) power sprayers. To ensure the power sprayer operator's
safety, wares like cap, goggles, mask and long sleeves shirt were
provided (Annexure-1, Table -4).
6. Expected outcome : There is a saving of both spraying time and agrochemicals but
involved high cost. It is suitable for community farming.
Fig-5: Spraying power operated low volume spray
51
Research Achievement No: 6
1 Title of the
technology
: Improved mango harvesting tool to minimize the damage in
fruits.
2. Existing system : Farmers use traditionally made vedi fabricated with bamboo,
jute thread and some locally available iron materials. The
traditional vedi had low capacity, rough netting and rusted
iron steel blade which is unhygienic and becomes unsuitable
after a few pickings.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Improved mango harvester with „V‟ shaped steel blade.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: The Dapoli vedi (Improved Mango Fruits Harvesting Tool)
was procured and given to a selected farmers. Due to 'V'
shaped blade at the middle rod, it is possible to harvest more
number of fruits. This harvester has a strong MS pipe with 6
mm thickness and a large fruit collection net, which could
bear a weight up to 5 kg without breaking the panicle.
5. Results : Improved mango harvesting tool is useful to harvest all the
mango fruits with panicle as indicated (Annexure-1,
Table -5). Harvesting time was reduced by using this tool.
6. Expected outcome : There is improvement in fruit quality due to reduction in
damaged fruits and broken panicle. During the post harvest
storage and ripening, the fruits harvested with the improved
tool did not show stem end rot.
Fig-6: Improved Mango Harvesting Tool
52
Research Achievement No: 7
1. Title of the
technology
: Tractor trolley mounted hydraulic platform for orchard
management operations.
2. Existing system : Farmers practice training, pruning, spraying and harvesting
operations from the ground and/or by climbing on the tree. The
visibility of the operations is less and the efficiency is affected.
This would result in high wastage of costly agro-chemicals and do
not ensure the operator's safety.
3. Key intervention(s)
introduced
: Tractor trolley mounted hydraulic platform
4. Brief description of
intervention/
innovation
: In the management of old orchards pruning, agrochemical spray,
sanitation and harvesting are some of the important operations.
The equipment is trailed behind the tractor and operated using
hydraulic system of tractor. The platform of the equipment could
be elevated up to 20ft and move to 110º horizontally between any
points of maximum height. The reach of the farmer is increased
by about 30 ft in this technology.
5. Results : The equipment is useful to reduce the hardship. It helps to
perform with ease, some of the orchard operations such as
agrochemical spray, center opening, removal of parasitic plants,
bagging of fruits, harvesting etc.,
6. Expected outcome : Reduced the hardship of labour and enhanced the efficiency/
effectiveness of orchard management operations.
Fig-7: Hydraulic platform
53
Research Achievement No: 8
1. Title of the
technology
: Foliar application of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Mn) in guava
2. Existing system : Farmers do not apply micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Mn) in guava
orchard on the basis of soil and leaf analysis which resulted in low
yield and quality of fruits of guava cv.Allahabad Safeda and
mango cv. Alphonso.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Foliar spray of micro nutrients.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Foliar spray of Zn (1per cent), Cu (0.2per cent), Fe (0.2 per cent),
Mn (0.1 per cent) and borax (0.8per cent) was done to correct the
deficiency of micronutrients.
5. Results : Foliar spray of micronutrients during new flesh formation resulted
in the highest yield of 8.39 t/ha when compared to control
(5.74 t/ha).
6. Expected
outcome
: Application of micronutrients enhanced the yield in guava by 165
per cent.
Fig-9: Foliar Micro Nutrient Spray
54
Research Achievement No: 9
1. Title of the
technology
: Light pruning in guava to induce flowering.
2. Existing system : Most of the guava farmers do not practice training and pruning of
trees after harvest to induce new shoots for the next season.
Therefore, they were not be able to realize the economical yield
continuously.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Pruning the terminal branches or tipping (1 to 1 ½‟).
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: The physiology of flowering in guava is such that it bears on new
branches. Light pruning, removal of criss-cross branches and
heading back by 30 to 60 cm from the apical portion of branches
one month after harvest (February) enhances new flushes. It not
only improves penetration of sunlight but also creates a favorable
micro climate within the canopy.
5. Results : Light pruning/ pinching of guava canopy, removal of criss-cross
branches and heading back up to 30 to 60 cm of apical portion
increased light penetration within the canopy by 120 per cent
(from 68900 lux to 151280 lux) as well as ensured the sanitation
of orchard. Most of the branches after pruning produced flower
buds and fruits.
6. Expected
outcome
: Light penetration within the guava plant increased the yield and
quality of fruit. The yield increase ranged from 10 to13 per cent.
Fig-10: Light pruning in guava orchard
55
Research Achievement No: 10
1. Title of the
technology
: Mango fruit pulp storage using freezing technology.
2. Existing system : Preservation of mango pulp is by pasteurization and using the
preservative potassium meta bi-sulphite (KMS). Some of the
processing industries and co-operatives preserve mango pulp by
canning method. The shelf life of both the products ranged from
10 to 12 months. However, the above methods generally alter
the taste, flavour and colour of mango pulp.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Frozen Mango Pulp.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Uniform ripen, healthy fruits of Kesar mango were selected and
thoroughly washed and cleaned. The pulp thus extracted through
fruit pulper-cum-finisher was passed through 0.7mm sieve to
remove peel and stone. Then the pulp was packed in pouches
and preserved by blast freezing at -30°C followed by storage
at -20°C.
5. Results : Shelf life of the mango pulp could be extended up to 16 months
by freezing the pulp at -30°C followed by storage at - 20°C in
consumer pouches.
6. Expected
outcome
: Increase in the shelf life of mango pulp up to 16 months by pulp
freezing method.
Fig.11 Mango pulp
56
Research Achievement No: 11
1. Title of the
technology
: Spray drying of mango powder.
2. Existing system : Presently there is no information available for commercial
production units on processing of dried ripe mango powder.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Spray dried ripe Kesar mango powder
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Spray drying is an innovative method of preservation in mango.
The pulp is sprayed in a drying chamber having concurrent hot
fluid flow followed by cyclone separation and screening.
Packing should be done in air tight container as the dehydrated
powder is hygroscopic in nature.
5. Results : Spray dried mango powder has a moisture content of less than 6
per cent. The reconstitution of pulp is possible by mixing the
powder and water in the ratio of 1:15.
6. Expected
outcome
: Shelf life of mango powder is increased by more than 1 ½ years.
Fig.12 spray drier unit Fig.13 Spray dried kesar mango
powder
57
Research Achievement No: 12
1. Title of the
technology
: Ready to eat pickle from the immature drop mango.
2. Existing system : Household preparation of mango pickle is normally done from
the immature fruit drops of mango. The shelf life of such
homemade pickle (moriya ready to eat pickle/ kachumber) was
usually less than three days. Due to limited shelf life, this
delicious palatable product could not be commercialized or
marketed beyond South Gujarat.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Ready-to-Eat immature drop mango Pickle/ Kachhumber –
'Moriya' with better shelf life.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Immature mango fruit drops were initially washed and sliced
into four/six pieces, dipped in 5 per cent acetic acid solution for
one minute followed by sun drying for 10 min or mopping and
then mixed with vegetable oil, red chilli powder, turmeric
powder, asafoetida powder, and split fenugreek seeds and salt. It
was then packed in either glass containers or 200µ HDPE
pouches and stored.
5. Results : The storage life of pickle could be extended up to 14 and 40
days at ambient and refrigerated conditions, respectively.
6. Expected
outcome
: An additional income of `.5000 per hectare could be generated
using fallen immature mangoes, which are usually wasted.
Farmers of Tamil Nadu, after learning this technology from
NAU, Gujarat are interested to practice this in the ensuing
season.
Fig 14: Fallen Immature Mango Moriya
58
Research Achievement No: 13
1. Title of the
technology
: Processing of Kesar mango bar.
2. Existing system : The Kesar mango bar is not much popular in South Gujarat.
Presently, farmers as well as processors preserve in the form of
mango pulp which are generally utilized functions.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Kesar Mango Bar
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: The Kesar mango pulp was heated for pasteurization and
standardized to 30° Brix followed by spreading on pre-smeared
drying trays for drying to 22 per cent moisture in cabinet drier at
60oC for 22 hr. Dried sheets were cut into rectangular pieces and
packed in 75µ PE bags and stored at ambient temperature.
5. Results : The Kesar mango bar prepared from the Kesar mango pulp
could be utilized for more than eight months. The shelf life of
Kesar mango bar with a TSS of 30° Brix and packed in 75µ PE
bags was found to be eight months. this product could be
promoted as a concentrated energy rich nutritional food.
6. Expected
outcome
: A farmer could generate an additional income of `.1000 per ha
using ripe and unmarketable Kesar mango fruits.
Fig-15: Mango Bar
59
Research Achievement No: 14
1. Title of the
technology
: Guava fruit bar with long storage life.
2. Existing system : The guava fruit bar is not popular among the processors and
consumers as jam and jelly are popular.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Guava fruit bar
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: The guava pulp is heated for pasteurization and standardized to
30° Brix followed by spreading on pre-smeared drying trays for
drying up to 20-22 percent moisture in cabinet drier at 60oC for
22-27 hr. Dried sheets are cut into rectangular pieces and packed
in 75µ PE bags followed by storing at ambient condition.
5. Results : Guava fruit bar could be prepared from the guava pulp and
utilized for more than eight months. The shelf life of guava bar
prepared at 30° Brix end point was found to be in an acceptable
state for eight months when packed in 75 µ PE bags.
6. Expected
outcome
: Guava fruit bar has less moisture content and a long storage life
of eight months. It gave an additional income of `.800/day/ha to
farmers.
Fig-16: Guava Bar
60
Research Achievement No: 15
1. Title of the
technology
: Spray dried guava powder.
2. Existing system : Presently no technology is available for such a commercial
product.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Spray dried guava fruit powder
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Selected farm fresh guava fruits are first washed thoroughly and
pulped. After pulping, it was standardized, concentrated and
finally spray dried. Pulp Concentration and spray drying were
carried out at low temperature to retain flavour, colour and
nutrients. The particles were dried, embedded in food grade
matrix and packed. It is prepared by using all natural ingredients.
5. Results : Spray drying of ripe guava pulp has a moisture content less than
eight per cent. The reconstitution of pulp can be done easily by
mixing the powder and water in the ratio of 1:2.
6. Expected
outcome
: Shelf life of guava powder is up to eight months in a tightly
closed triple laminated aluminum bag package and stored in a
dry moisture free and excess heat/cold free atmosphere.
Fig-17: Spray dried guava powder
61
Research Achievement No: 16
1. Title of the
technology
: Guava fruit pulp storage using freezing technology.
2. Existing system : Guava pulp is pasteurized and preserved using KMS. The shelf
life of pulp is up to one year, but with slightly altered natural
taste, flavour and colour.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Freezing technology for preservation of guava pulp.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Ripe and healthy fruits of guava were thoroughly washed,
cleaned, cut into 4-6 halves and pulped after removing the seeds.
The pulp was strained through 1 mm mesh stainless steel sieve
and pasteurized. Then it was packed in consumer pouches and
preserved by blast freezing at –30°C followed by storage at
–20°C for 14 months.
5. Results : Shelf life of the guava pulp was extended up to 14 months by
freezing the pulp at –30°C followed by storage at –20°C in
consumer pouches.
6. Expected
outcome
: Taste of product is pleasant and free from any objectionable off
taste. The shelf life of guava pulp is up to 14 months.
Fig-18: Guava frozen pulp
62
Research Achievement No: 17
1. Title of the
technology
: Specially designed CFB boxes for mango/guava fruits.
2. Existing system : The quality of fruits are generally affected due to rough
handling. Harvested mangoes are either kept in wooden boxes or
in bamboo baskets before it reaches the market.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: CFB boxes for mango
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: CFB boxes of capacities 10kg, 5kg, 3kg and 2 kg designed with
strength and good ventilation were offered to farmers for direct
marketing of mango fruits.
5. Results : Mango packed in CFB boxes of 2, 3, 5 and 10 kg retained good
quality and obtained better price. It provided better ventilation
and the fruit remained firm during transport. (Annexure -1,
Table -6)
6. Expected
outcome
: Farmers of both mango and guava were transported in CFB
boxes for local sale and to exhibit them in the „Fruit melas‟. This
technology has earned 150-200 per cent extra price to the
farmers.
Fig-
Fig. 19: CFB boxes for the Kesar mango for domestic and
export requirement developed by NAU & TNAU
63
Research Achievement No: 18
1. Title of the
technology
: Guava flavoured tea using guava leaves
2. Existing system : Tea is a hot beverage used across the country. Studies revealed
that guava leaves are rich in Vitamin „C‟, pectin and antioxidants.
Though there are several tea flavors, guava flavored tea is not
available.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Guava flavored tea from leaves.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: The flavour of the guava leaf was impregnated in the readymade
normal tea-granules and packed into tea bag. Guava leaf tea
extract has four compounds and their percentage were identified
(Annexure -1, Table -7). GC graphs have shown compounds viz.,
Copaene or Alpha Cubebene, Caryophyllene, Santolina Triene
and Alpha Farnesene. Guava leaf tea has not only a refreshing
flavour and aroma but also therapeutic value.
5. Results : The organoleptic study conducted with the different
combinations of guava leaf powder blended with tea leaf powder
revealed that 1:10 ratio of guava leaf and tea gave the best
results.
6. Expected
outcome
: Guava leaf flavored tea is a good medicine for diarrhoea, high
blood pressure, hypertension etc.
Fig.21: Peak value and retention Fig.20 Guava flavored tea bag
64
Research Achievement No: 19
1. Title of the
technology
: Dehydration of ripe mango slice.
2. Existing system : Mango slice is popular in Gujarat as well as all over India.
Through there is market for fresh mango, processed and
dehydrated products also do well in the market
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Dehydrated mango slice.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Three quarter to fully ripe but firm mangoes with TSS 14 to 18º
Brix were peeled and sliced longitudinally, dried at 60oC for
36-48 hr in a cabinet dryer. At the end, the final moisture content
should be less than 10 per cent and then packed in 75 µ PE bags
and stored at ambient condition.
5. Results : Mango slices are prepared from three quarter to full ripe but firm
mangoes with TSS 14 to 18º Brix. The shelf life of dried mango
slices was found to be six months when packed in 75 µ PE bags.
6. Expected
outcome
: A farmer could generate an additional income of `.10,000/ha.
65
Research Achievement No: 20
1. Title of the
technology
: Technology for mango kernel oil extraction.
2. Existing system : Mango stone is normally thrown out of pulping unit as a waste
material. Some of the nursery growers used to purchase these
mango stones for raising rootstock. Nearly 40 per cent of mango
stones are utilized for raising root stocks while the rest remains
as a community waste though it has a plenty of nutritive value
and essential oil content. The mango kernel oil is sold at a very
high cost in the international market particularly for cosmetic
industries.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Mango Kernel Oil Extraction Process
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Mango Kernel contains nearly 9 per cent essential oil which is
generally disposed off as a waste after mango pulping. A quantum
of this waste is almost equal to a finished product. Handling and
safe disposal is critical and time intensive. After de-coating,
drying, flaking mango kernel oil could be extracted. The selection
of solvent, temperature and time of extraction plays an important
role on quality and quantity of mango kernel oil.
Flow chart for Mango Kernel Oil Extraction
Mango Stone
↓
Drying
↓
Kernel Separation
↓
Grinding
↓
Mixing with Solvent
↓
Separation of Solution
66
↓
Separation of Oil and Solvent
↓
Cleaning of oil
↓
Packing
Oil Recovery: 6-9 per cent on kernel w/w basis.
Cost of 1000 lit/batch capacity unit: `. 75,00,000
Operating cost: `. 20 per kg of oil
Sale price of pure white mango kernel oil : `. 5000 per kg
Use: Cosmetic industry in cream, lotion at 3-10 per cent w/w
basis.
5. Results : The best solvent, time and temperature for oil extraction for
mango kernel were identified and the highest recovery was
found to be 9.6 per cent on dried kernel basis.
6. Expected
outcome
: Mango stone could be converted into high value added
products which otherwise would pollute the surrounding. Pure
white kernel oil is sold at a cost of `. 5000 per kg.
Fig-22: Mango Kernel oil extraction unit
67
Research Achievement No: 21
1. Title of the
technology
: Technology for Mango Kernel Powder Roti.
2. Existing system : Mango kernel powder roti is very nutritious. The insoluble fibres
present in mango seed kernel helps to prevent constipation.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Preparation of mango kernel powder roti.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Technology for the Mango Kernel Powder Roti
Roti was prepared by blending mango kernel powder, Jowar and
wheat powder with nine different combinations (Jowar and wheat
powder in the ratios 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 per cent. The
organoleptic test indicated that there was a overall acceptability
score of 4.25 with respect to taste, colour, aroma and texture for
the treatment of 25 per cent Wheat + 75 per cent Mango kernel
powder. (Annexure-1, Table-8)
5. Results : The mango kernel powder could be used as a nutritious food
supplement along with wheat.
68
Research Achievement No: 22
1. Title of the
technology
: Integrated Nutrient Management in mango
2. Existing system : Farmers practice blanket recommendation of fertilizers without
doing soil tests.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: Recommended doses of fertilizers based on soil report was
applied to 75 mango orchards cv. Banganpalli during June-July at
1 -1.2 meter away from tree trunk. Critical inputs like Zinc and
boron (0.2 per cent) were given to farmers/beneficiaries for
effective implementation of the Integrated Nutrient Management.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Integrated nutrient management
1. Application of 1 Kg Nitrogen, 1 Kg Phosphorus and 1 Kg
Potassium for 10 year old mango cv. Banganpalli, orchards.
2. Application of the straight fertilizers in the form of urea, single
super phosphate and muriate of potash.
3. Application of fertilizers 1.5 m away from the tree trunk in
circular ring.
4. Application of ZnSO4 @ 150 g per lit as soil application,
where Zinc deficiency is noticed.
5. Spraying of boron (20 per cent) in the orchards where there is
deficiency in boron
5. Results : Improvement of mango yield by 33.46 per cent (2010-11), 37.20
per cent (2011-12), 34.61 per cent (2012-13) over farmer‟s
practice was observed in 75 mango orchards.
The technology was disseminated to 1547 beneficiaries through
24 training programmes under four different categories.
6. Expected
outcome
: The technology has improved the yield and production of mango
by 35 percent. Further, the technology has improved the fertilizer
use efficiency there by increasing the net returns.
69
Mango Yield Data
Note: Yield data is mean of 75 mango orchards.
Fig-23: Mango Fertilizer Application
34.98
-
70
Research Achievement No: 23
1. Title of the
technology
: Mango post harvest protocol
2. Existing system : Most of the mango farmers are not aware of the pre and post
harvest technologies. The farmers harvest the fruits
unscientifically without proper knowledge on fruit maturity which
leads to huge post harvest losses and delayed ripening. Further, no
proper phyto-sanitary measures are being taken up in the farmers
field leading to diseased fruits which ultimately get translated to
diminishing net profit.
3. Key
intervention(s)
introduced
: A post harvest protocol (step by step process of harvesting of
mango fruits till storage) was developed and demonstrated in the
farmer‟s field. Training programmes on the complete postharvest
protocol were conducted in farmers field.
4. Brief description
of intervention/
innovation
: Flow chart of mango post-harvest chain of mango and guava
Harvesting of fruits using Secateurs and Dapoli harvesters.
↓
Collection of harvested fruits in plastic crates lined with paper
shreds.
↓
Transfer of crates to pack house.
↓
Desapping.
↓
Washing and Cleaning.
↓
Arrangement of fruits in the plastic crates.
↓
Packing of fruits in pack house.
↓
Hot water treatment.
↓
Transport to cold storage unit.
↓
Storage at low temperature of 13 to 14OC.
71
Economic feasibility:
The cost of post-harvest chain of mango works out to be
Rs.8 per kg mango. As per the baseline survey majority of the
farmers were not aware of post-harvest technology. As the
recommended post-harvest line-up is one of the important factors
for improving the quality and shelf life of mango, the technology
is economically feasible.
5. Results : The technology has resulted in the proper harvest and storage of
mango fruit. The postharvest losses have been greatly reduced
with the increase in the quality of the fruit.
The technology was disseminated to 1559 beneficiaries through
25 training programmes under four different categories.
Trainings
No. of
trainings
No. of
beneficiaries
Hands on training on pre and
post harvest management in
mango 10 579
Training on management of
mango orchards 15 980
Total 25 1559
6. Expected
outcome
: The technology has proved acceptable to both near and distant
overseas markets. By adopting this technology, around 10 per cent
increase in export volume is expected.
72
Fig-24: Mango Post-Harvest Technology
Harvesting of fruits
Harvesting of fruits using Dapoli harvesters
73
10. INNOVATION
1. First time harvest of off-season mangoes in the project site
For the first time in the project area, a traditional belt for mango, off-season mangoes
were harvested during the months of October-December, 2010 due to the technology
intervention there on continuously. The beneficiary farmers harvested off-season mangoes
and sold the produce for premium price. Fifteen mango farmers of the project area
(Kurugapatti) skipped regular mango season and induced off season flowering ie., during
July, 2013. Around 250 tonnes of mangoes were harvested by the farmers till December
2013. Average yield was 5 t per acre and the average price realized was `. 50,000/tonne.
The farmers were taken on exposure visits to off season mango market. They sold their
fruits in Delhi, Mumbai markets besides sending a few consignments of fruits to Singapore
through an exporter. The technology encompassed pruning, nitrogen application based on
leaf “N” content and application of paclobutrazol, a flower inducing chemical.
2. Standardization and adoption of canopy management technology in mango and
guava
Mango and guava are the two important perennial fruit crops grown continuously in
tropical conditions which put forth huge foliage i.e., vegetative frame beyond manageable
size. Because of the big stature, these two crops pose difficulties in performing the cultural
operations which include application of fertilisers, plant protection sprays and harvest. Apart
from these, yield will also be affected due to exploitation of more nutrients for the
vegetative growth. Experiments and demonstration on canopy management conducted in the
farmers fields gave encouraging results in terms yield and quality of fruits due to better
74
exposure to light resulting in bright coloured fruits. This also paved way to introduce
pruning gadgets such as pruning saw, power operated saw, hydraulic platform etc.,
3. Formation of farmers associations, producer company and Input shop towards
sustenance
Technology transfer and empowerment of farmers for better marketing are the two
important key factors in any value chain activity. Transfer of technologies in production,
post production, value addition, marketing could be fully adopted when the farmers are
under one single roof / umbrella for better exploition of the market. Farmers should work in
a cohesive way strengthening the trader in marketing so as to achieve win-win situation
benefiting both farmer and traders.
Accordingly five Mango growers associations and one Guava grower association
each with 25 members were formed to share the technical and marketing knowledge among
themselves. Farmers after seeing the benefits, desired to have a stronger tie-up among
themselves even after the project period. As a result, the guava farmers of the project site
floated the concept of forming “Producer company for guava farmers” an organisational
unit to empower the farmers in achieving better co-ordination among themselves so as to
have a smooth transaction of technical and marketing skills. Accordingly 86 farmers
contributed `.5000 per head and collected an amount of Rs.4.30 lakh as seed money and
registered a company in the name of “Ayakudi guava and fruits producer company” on
30.01.2014. (Annexure – III) The objectives were as follows.
1. To reduce the cost of cultivation and avail genuine agricultural inputs
2. To open an input shop to supply both organic and inorganic agricultural inputs to the
farmers at a very nominal profit mode.
The shop is now being managed by 10 Board of Directors selected among themselves. The
company aims to venture into export and processing of fruits in the near future.
4. Introduction of GAP certification for safety and quality mangoes for domestic and
export market
To ensure value chain, production of quality fruits is essential at the field level. Farm
or the field is the “First Kitchen” of human beings where the food i.e., fruits and vegetables
are being produced for consumption. Hence, it is imperative to ensure the safety and quality
of the produce meant for consumption. Around the globe, a movement was initiated by the
75
consumers and accepted by the retailers/traders to supply safe and quality farm produce for
the consumption of people. Accordingly, a third party certification for the production of
fruits was insisted by the trader to implement in the farmers field. It resulted in certification
of gardens to oversee the set standards so as to ensure the quality of fruits produced by the
farmers. Several countries had agencies such as, GlobalGAP, Farm to fork, Nature‟s
choice etc., In India, Jain GAP, emerged as a certification agency and is ready to procure
the fruits from the farmers for both local and export markets. In the project area, around 300
progressive mango growers are in constant touch with the NAIP scheme on “A Value
Chain on Mango and Guava for Domestic and Export Markets” for both technologies
and marketing. Meanwhile, the traders, exporters and pulpers of mango insisted a third party
certification viz., Global GAP/Jain GAP for better exploitation of market. Accordingly, the
project farmers were trained on GAP practices and explained about the benefits acquired
from certification. Due to the constant efforts through NAIP, 105 farmers of the project area
have registered themselves with Jain for GAP certification. It is a big leap in the project
since, a sizeable number of farmers are ready to bring their garden for certification which is
a pre requisite for export of mangoes to the developed countries. Applications obtained from
105 farmers were handed over to the Officer in Charge of Jain GAP certification,
Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu. An introductory meeting was conducted inviting the selected
mango farmers and the list is finalized. The certifying agency has already initiated training
to follow GAP norms.
5. Price information to project farmers through SMS
Price fixing of mango and guava is a great challenge to farmers due to lack of market
information. To overcome this, all the beneficiary farmers of mango and guava in the project
area were linked to “Dynamic Market Information system” through mobile phone which
is operated by TNAU along with CDAC, Hyderabad. Here, farmers of mango and guava
receive short message service (sms) about the market price of two leading markets through
their mobiles every day by 2 p.m. This information about the commodity (mango/guava)
could give a lead about the price thus empowering the farmer to go for negotiation. This
information would also be useful to avoid market when there is less demand.
76
6. Tractor Mounted Power Sprayer for plant protection in perennial fruit crops
Spraying of agrochemicals is one of the necessary operations for orchard
management. The selection of spray pump plays a very important role in reducing the
overall expenditure of crop, reducing the wastage of costly agro-chemicals and increasing
the productivity. It was observed that there is a saving of about 20 per cent agro-chemicals
in high volume fine particle sprayers (tycoon) with reduction in spray time by 12.5 per cent
and improved spray efficiency. There is reduction in the cost of agrochemical upto 20 per
cent. The cost of tycoon sprayer is found to be 4.3 times higher as compared to traditional
(piston pump) power sprayers.
7. Tractor Trolley Mounted Hydraulic Platform for efficient orchard Management
Some of the important operations in the management of old orchards of mango are
pruning, agrochemical spray, sanitation and harvesting. Farmers are normally doing the
operations such as agro-chemical spray, center opening and harvesting either from the
ground and/or climbing on the tree. It not only increases the quantity of usage of costly agro-
chemicals but does not also ensure the operator's safety. Besides, the visibility of the
operations viz., center opening, orchard sanitation and harvesting is not sufficient from the
ground level. The newly developed equipment is trailed behind tractor and operated using
hydraulic system of the tractor. The platform of equipment could be elevated up to 20ft and
move to 110º horizontally between any points of maximum height. The reach of
person/farmer increases by about 30 ft using this technology. This would ensure farmers‟
safety, stability and visibility during the orchard management operations. Farmers could also
save time by 25 per cent per ha in centre opening operation, and cover 20 per cent more
number of trees compared to traditional system. This also helps to reach 200 per cent more
height than the traditional method.
8. Pre-Harvest bagging of mango and guava Fruits by paper cover
The technology was introduced in orchard by CISH, Lucknow and tested in Gujarat,
Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh for guava cv.Allahabad Safed and for
mango cvs. Alphonso (Tamil Nadu), Kesar (Gujarat) and Banganappalli (Andhra). Bagging
30 days before harvest in Allahabad Safeda guava and 45 days before in Kesar mango
resulted in better quality and size.
77
The percentage of damaged fruits by bruising as well as bird bite was reduced from
26 per cent to 2 per cent and from 13.35 per cent to 1.5 per cent in Allahabad Safeda guava
and Kesar mango respectively. On an average, the increase in fruit volume was observed at
12.5 per cent and 16.27 per cent in Allahabad Safeda guava and Kesar mango, respectively.
It fetched a higher price of `.5 to 7 per kg due to improved fruit quality.
9. Ready to eat Pickle from the immature fruit drops of Mango
Mango is a tree known for high fruit drops thereon from marble size to lime size.
Approximately 10-30 kg of immature fruits drop naturally in a tree either once or twice to
achieve a natural balance.
such dropped fruits were initially washed and sliced into four to six pieces. Sliced
pieces then dipped in 5 per cent acetic acid solution for 1 minute followed by sun drying for
10 min or mopping and then mixed with vegetable oil, red chilli powder, turmeric powder,
asafoetida powder, spilltted fenugreek seeds and salt. Various oils (Ground nut oil, cotton
seed oil, sunflower oil or mustard oil) were used to check the acceptability of Moriya. The
product was then packed in a glass container as well as 200µ HDPE pouch and stored. The
shelf life of moriya (pickle/kachumbar) was found to be 14 days in ambient condition and
40 days in refrigerated conditions. Immature drop of mango gave an additional income of `.
5000/ ha to the mango growers.
10. Guava Flavoured Tea
The guava leaf flavored tea bag was prepared from guava leaves collected after
pruning. The flavour of the guava was impregnated in the readymade normal tea granules
and packed. After four months of storage, the guava flavoured tea bag was analyzed using
GCMS and compared with the guava leaf. The guava leaf has maximum amount of
Vitamin „A‟, Vitamin „C‟ and flavanoids. Consumption of guava leaf tea lead to reduction in
bad cholesterol and triglyecerol without any adverse effect on good cholesterol. It is also
considered as a liver tonic.
11. Technology for Mango seed Kernel Oil Extraction
Mango seed Kernel has about 9 per cent oil which is generally disposed off as a
waste after extracting of pulp from the fruits. The quantum of this waste is almost around 40
percent of the original product. The handling and disposal of mango seed is critical and
labourious. After removal of the thick seed coat, the oil is extracted using solvent
78
technology. The mango kernel oil is used in the cosmetic industry and traded in the
international market. The best solvent, time and temperature for oil extraction from Kesar
mango kernel were identified and the highest recovery found to be 9.6 per cent on dried
kernel basis.
12. Online Mango Trading in the Project Site by the Mango Farmers
Mango farmers from Lucknow were trained to use online mango trading assited by
IIT graduates through this project. The website www.mangobagh.com was created and
used for online trading which resulted in better realization of price for their produce.
Farmers were able to access distance markets through this method for sale of fruits.
13. Establishment of rural industry by one of the project farmers at Pochampalli
One of our project farmers, Mr.V.G.Sittrarasu,
Ottatheru, Pochampalli has established a post-harvest
packaging and storage facility in his village through
intervention of this project. He has utilized the assitance
from NHB and APEDA for construction of the facility
with a capacity of 100 tonnes at a cost of `.2 crores.
14. Participation of mango farmers in the mela / Sangam to promote
sale of regional varieties.
Ten project farmers from Tamil Nadu participated in the “Horti
Sangam 2011” exhibition cum sale orgainsed by APEDA at New Delhi.
All the mango farmers were trained on scientific harvest, pre and post
harvest treatments and packaging of fruits. They were also provided with
logistics related to transport till racking in the exhibition ground through
the NAIP scheme. Farmers displayed around 5 tonnes of assorted
varieties of mangoes in the exhibition. The farmers had the experience of selling directly to
the consumers and realized a huge profit margin of 200 per cent and above. The meet was
conducted from 26.05.11 to 31.05.11 at Agriculture Pavilion (Near Gate No.2), Pragati
Maidan, New Delhi.
For the 2nd
time in row, 10 farmers from the project site of Tamil Nadu participated in
the exhibition cum sale promotion event viz., “Mango Fest” at Trivandrum organized by
79
NHM Kerala. Farmers exhibited five mango varieties and handled 13 tonnes of fruits. They
realized three times more money against what they could earn from local market.
11. Process/ Product/Technology Developed
S. No. Technology Developed Adoption/ Validation/
Commercialization, etc.
TNAU, Coimbatore – Mango
1. Nutrient management for regular bearing All the farmers
2. Water application during critical period All the farmers
3. Canopy management All the farmers
4. High Density Planting (HDP) Around 20 farmers
5. Induction of flowers through chemicals All the farmers
6. Pest control by bio control method All the farmers
7. Application of paclobutrazol for off season
production Around 30 farmers
8. Pre harvest bagging of fruits All the farmers
9. Maturity indices All the farmers
10. GAP certification All the farmers
TNAU, Coimbatore – Guava
11. Nutrient management for regular bearing All the farmers
12. Water application during critical period All the farmers
13. Canopy management in mango All the farmers
14. High Density Planting (HDP) All the farmers
15. Fruit quality improvement through chemicals All the farmers
16. Pest control by bio control method All the farmers
80
17. Pre harvest bagging of fruits All the farmers
18. Maturity indices All the farmers
19. Packing of guava fruits All the farmers
NAU, Gujarat – mango
20. Technology for Frozen mango pulp Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 3 entrepreneurs.
21. Ready to eat mango pickle made from the unripe
and immature fruit drops
Validated. Commercialization
will be done in next season.
22. Technology for mango bar processing Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 2 entrepreneurs.
23. Technology for mango pulp canning Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 4 entrepreneurs.
24. Technology for mango kernel oil extraction Validated and commercialized to
5. Adopted by 1 entrepreneur.
25. Technology for mango papad preparation Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 2 entrepreneurs.
26. Technology for spray drying of ripe mango and
guava powder production
Validated and commercialization
processes in under process.
27. Pre-harvest bagging of mature mango and guava
fruits by news paper
Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 10 farmers.
28. Centre opening of dense mango orchard. Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 15 farmers.
29. Tractor Trolley Mounted Hydraulic Platform Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 3 farmers.
30. Tractor mounted power sprayer Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 2 farmers.
31. Ripening of mango by ethaphon as well as
ethylene gas
Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 4 farmers.
32. Specially designed CFB boxes for Kesar mango
fruit in 2, 3, 5 and 10 kg capacity
Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 4 farmers and
merchants.
NAU, Gujarat – Guava
33. Guava fruit pulp storage using freezing technology Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 3 entrepreneurs.
34. Technology for guava bar production Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 2 entrepreneurs.
35. Guava flavoured tea bags Validated and commercialization
processes in under process.
36. Technology for spray drying of ripe mango and Validated and commercialization
81
guava powder production processes in under process.
37.
Light pruning of guava orchard
Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 9 farmers.
38. Foliar application of boron and zinc on guava Validated and commercialized.
Adopted by 15 farmers.
CISH, Lucknow
39.
The different mango and guava production,
protection and post harvest technologies already
developed by CISH, Lucknow were disseminated
through training, demonstration, field days, etc
under the project. The project has helped in
upscaling and commercialization of technologies
developed.
Adopted by the beneficiary
farmers
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh – Mango
40. Pruning technology in mango Adoption/ Validation
41. Integrated nutrient management in mango Adoption/ Validation
42. Regulation of flowering in mango Adoption/ Validation
43. Integrated pest and disease management in mango Adoption/ Validation
44. Mango post harvest protocol Adoption/ Validation
45. Mango bar preparation Adoption/ Validation
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh – Guava
46. Pruning technology in guava Adoption/ Validation
47. Integrated nutrient management in guava Adoption/ Validation
12. Patents (Filed)
S.
No. Title of Patent
Inventor(s)
(Name & Address)
Filed/Published/G
ranted (No./Date)
Responsible
Partner
1. Development of tractor
trolley mounted
hydraulic platform for
orchard management
Er.Parag Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
5470 – 2014 –
MUM
22 March, 2014
Er.Parag
Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
2 Technology for guava
flavoured tea production
Er.Parag Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
5481 – 2014 –
MUM
23 March, 2014
Er.Parag
Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
3 Innovative extraction
process for mango kernel
oil
Er.Parag Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
5482 – 2014 –
MUM
23 March, 2014
Er.Parag
Pandit
NAU, Guajarat
82
13. Linkages and Collaborations
S. No. Linkages developed
(Name & Address of Organization)
Date/Period
From-To
Responsible
Partner
TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy
1. IHDA-USAID, Michigan State University,
USA 2009-2012
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
2. Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri Fruits and
Vegetable Processors Federation Krishnagiri 2009-2012
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
3. Tamil Nadu Mango Growers Federation
(TAMAFED), Tamil Nadu 2009-2012
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
4. Palani Vatta Pazha Urpathiyalargal Sangam,
Palani 2009-2012
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
5. Federation of Farmers Association Andhra
Pradesh 2009-2012
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
6. M/s. Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Pvt.
Jalgoan, India 2009-2013
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
7. M/s Kannan Departmental Stores Coimbatore 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
8. M/s Reliance Retail Limited 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
9. M/s Best Exporter Ltd, Tiruvallur 2009-2014 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
10. M/s Harsha Fresh, Krishnagiri 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
11. M/s. Fair Exports, Pollachi 2009-2014 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
12. M/s. Coca Cola India Inc., Gurgaon 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
13. M/s .Safal Market, Bangalore 2009-2012 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
14. M/s. K.S.Fruits, Palladam 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
15. M/s. Decco United Phosphorous Ltd. Hosur 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
16. M/s. Divyar Garments, Coimbatore 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
17. M/s. Agri Energy, Chennai 2009-2013 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
18. M/s. Sun Agro Bio System Ltd. Chennai 2009-2010 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
19. M/s. Crystal Garden, Palani. 2009-2010 HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
20. M/s. ShriAndi Agro Products
Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2010
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
83
21. M/s. Adhyaman Agro Products Pvt.
Ltd., Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2010
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
22. M/s. Priyam Foods Pvt Ltd
Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2010
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
23. M/s. Aathava Food Products Pvt. Ltd.
Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2013
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
24. M/s. Iniyaa Agro Products (P) Ltd.
Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2013
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
25. M/s. Kavery Krishna Fruit Products Pvt. Ltd.
Krishnagiri (Dt) 2009-2013
HC & RI (W),
TNAU, Trichy
NAU, Navsari
26. GAICL, Ahmadabad May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
27. Vasundhara V.V.J.V.S. Mandali Ltd.,
Lachakadi, Vansada, Navsari
May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
28. Valsad Jilla Fal Ane Shakbhaji Sahakari
Sangh Ltd., Gandevi, Navsari
May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
29. Patson Foods Pvt. Ltd, Navsari May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
30. Deep Fresh Frozen Products, Gandeva,
Navsari
May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
31. Sachi Exports Pvt. Ltd., (India), Dharampur,
Valsad
January, 2011
to till date NAU, Navsari
32. Navsari APMC, Navsari May, 2009 to
June, 2012 NAU, Navsari
CISH, Lucknow
33.
Mangobagh (www.mangobagh.com), State
department of Horticulture, National
horticulture Board, National Horticulture
Mission, Mandi Parishad, Mango Pack House,
Lucknow, Goblin foods, Uttarakhand and
Mother Dairy Pvt Ltd, Bayer, IFFCO
Foundation, etc
During entire
project period CISH, Lucknow
34.
Press Information Bureau, Directorate of
publicity, Kendriya Bhawan, Aliganj,
Lucknow
During entire
project period CISH and PIB
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
35. Society for Energy, Environment and
Development (SEED) 2010-14
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Andhra Pradesh
36. Department of Horticulture, Andhra Pradesh. 2010-14 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Andhra Pradesh
37. Food Cert 2010-14 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Andhra Pradesh
84
14. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework
For both mango and guava, under technology transfer, farmers were advised to use
bio-fertilizer, bio-pesticide, bio-fungicides and bio-growth regulators. All the season fruits
were collected and analyzed for residue toxicity for verification and found free from
chemicals. To control the fruit fly, pheromone traps were provided and to control mealy bug
insect predators were provided to them. During all the training programme, farmers, traders,
processors and other stakeholders were sensitized to ensure safe environment by using
organic inputs. Accordingly, one beneficiary farmer viz., Mr. V.G. Sittarasu, has established
a storage cum ripening centre (100 ton capacity) for the benefit of the farmers.
Project activities Issues
Mitigation measures
Environmental
Training the farmers to
manage the insect -
pests and diseases
using environment
friendly molecules and
bio-agents
Usage of harmful
chemicals like
synthetic pyrethroids,
banned chemicals
Integrated management of mealy bug and fruit
fly in mango and guava was demonstrated in
field. Farmers were provided with critical
inputs like methyl eugenol traps, polythene
band, parasitoids etc.,
Social
Organizing training
programmes,
demonstrations and
exposure visits for fruit
growers / growers‟
associations
Conflicts arising
among growers in
beneficiary selection
for exposure visits
Final selection of beneficiaries was made in
consultation with the State Department
Officials, SHGs and fruit Growers‟
Association
15. Constraints, if any and remedial measures take
Sl. No. Constraints Remedial measures taken
- -
16. Publications
S. No. Authors, Title of the papers
Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher,
Year, Page No.
Responsible Partner
Research papers in peer reviewed journals
1. Gopu, B., T.N.Balamohan, P.Soman and P.Jeyakumar 2014.
Canopy management in mango (Mangifera indica L.)
cv.Alphonso with reference to flowering, yield and quality
characters under ultra high density planting. Journal of
Applied Horticulture, 16(6).
HC&RI(W),
TNAU,Trichy
2. Bhalerao P. P. and P. S. Pandit 2010. Study on pre-cooling
treatments for extending ripening in Mango cv. Kesar.
International Journal of Processing and Post Harvest
Technology,1 (2): 111-113. NAU, Gujarat
3. Pandit, P. S. 2011. A study on fruit ripening. International
Journal of Processing and Post Harvest Technology,2 (1):
64-70.
4. Shukla, S.K., Mishra, D., Adak, T. and Kailash Kumar 2013.
Identifying constraints and technological gaps in production
to consumption chain of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in
Malihabad belt of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Current
Advances in Agricultural Sciences, 5(1) :87-91.
CISH, Lucknow
5. Kailash Kumar, Tarun Adak, Atul Singha, S.K. Shukla and
V.K. Singh 2012. Appraisal of soil fertility, leaf nutrient
concentration and yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) at
Malihabad region, Uttar Pradesh. Current Advances in
Agricultural Sciences, 4(1) :13-19.
CISH, Lucknow
Books
1. Vadivel, E., T.N. Balamohan, K. Poornima, S. Kavitha, T.
Vijaya 2010. Good Agricultural Practices and Mango
cultivation technology. TNAU, Coimbatore.
HC & RI(W), TNAU,
Trichy
2. Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, P.Mekala, P.M.Suresh,
L.Sudan, D.Durgadevi, M.Kalyanasundaram, P.Jayakumar
and S.K.Manoranjitham 2010. Cultivation of guava.
Udhayam Achagam, R.S.Puram, Coimbatore.
3. Balamohan, P.Mekala, S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash,
G.Priyadharshini, K.Soorianathasundaram, N.Kumar. 2010.
Canopy Management in Mango (English). TNAU, Coimbatore.
4. Balamohan, T.N., P.Mekala, S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash,
G.Priyadharshini, K.Soorianathasundaram, N.Kumar. 2011.
Canopy Management in Mango(Tamil). TNAU, Coimbatore.
5. Balamohan T.N. andE. Vadivel 2012. High tech Mango
Cultivation (Tamil). TNAU, Coimbatore.
6. Pandit, P. S., B. N. Patel, N. I. Shah, P. P. Bhalerao and
P.Modi 2012. "Ambama Vaignanik Kheti Dvara Nikaslakshi
Utpadan ane Mulyavrudhi". Pub.: Navbharat Sahitya Mandir,
Ahmebadab. Ed. -1. ISBN No.-978-81-8440-674-0.
NAU, Gujarat
7. Pandit, P. S., N. I. Shah, B. N. Patel, P.Modi and
P.P.Bhalerao 2012. “Jamrukhma Vaignanik Kheti Padhati
ane Mulyarudhi”. Pub.: Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari. ISBN: 978-87-927900-0-8.
8. Pandit, P. S.and P. P. Prajapati 2013. “Value added products
of mango”. Pub.: Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari.
ISBN: 978-81-927900-1-5.
9 Pandit Parag (2013) Good Agricultural Practices in Mango.
Pub.: Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. ISBN: 978-
81927900-2-2.
NAU, Gujarat
Abstracts
1. Balamohan, T. N., P. Jeyakumar and P. Paramaguru 2011.
Off-Season mango production in Tamil Nadu: A field survey.
Global conference on “Augmenting Production and
Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” from 21-
24th
June, 2011 at Lucknow.
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
2. Chandrasekaran, M., E. Vadivel and T. N. Balamohan 2011.
Role of universities to improve fruits and vegetable supply
chains: Tracing the foot prints of Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University Michigan State University collaboration. Global
conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of
Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” from 21-24th June, 2011 at
Lucknow.
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
3. Sukhen Chandra Das and T. N. Balamohan 2011. Good
Agricultural Practices in Mango. Global conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” from 21-24th
June, 2011 at Lucknow.
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
4. Pandit, P. S., B. N. Patel and P. P. Bhalerao 2011.
Comparative study of high volume fine particle sprayer with
traditional power sprayer. Abstract presented in 2nd
National
Workshop on “Agriculture Tools and Traditional
Blacksmithy: Present trends and Future Prospects” held at A.
T. R. C., Bardoli (Gujarat) during 20-22 Jan., 2011. pp. 45. NAU, Gujarat
5. Pandit, P. S., N. I. Shah, and P. R. Patel 2011. Use of Tractor
Trolley Mounted Hydraulic Platform for Mango Orchard
Management. Abstract presented in 2nd
National Workshop on
“Agriculture Tools and Traditional Blacksmithy: Present
trends and Future Prospects” held at A. T. R. C., Bardoli
(Gujarat) during 20-22 Jan., 2011. pp. 46.
6. Chaudhari, N. N., N. I. Shah and R. G. Patel 2011. Storage of
mango fruits cv. Kesar treated with calcium chloride after
harvesting at different maturity stages. (in) Global Conference
on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by the Society for
Development of Subtropical Horticulture, Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
84.
7. Chaudhari, N. N., N. I. Shah, N. R. Sondarva and R. G. Patel
2011. Influence of hormones on fruit retention, early maturity
and quality of mango cv. Kesar. (in) Global Conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
89.
NAU, Gujarat
8. Patel C.R. and N.I. Shah 2011. Effect of mulching on yield
and quality of mango cv. Kesar. (in) Global Conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
88.
9. Patel C.R., U.P. Joshi, B.T. Patel, B. S. Rathod and R.R. Patel
2011. Micro irrigation in mango nursery- a revolution. (in)
Global Conference on “Augmenting Production and
Utilization of Mango : Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” organized
by Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR),
Lucknow in partnership with the International Society for
Horticultural Sciences (ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during
21- 24 June, 2011. pp. 89.
10. Sharma, H., P.D. Ghoghari and G.B. Kalaria 2011. Evaluation
of mango germplasm against powdery mildew incited by
Oidium mangiferae berthed. (in) Global Conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by the Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
26.
11. Sharma, H., G.B. Kalaria, and P.D. Ghoghari 2011. Bio-
efficacy of different fungicides for management of mango
powdery mildew in South Gujarat. (in) Global Conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
118.
12. Kalaria, G.B., P.D. Ghoghari and H.Sharma 2011. Estimation
of avoidable losses in mango due to mango hopper, Amritodes
Atkinsoni Lethier under South Gujarat. (in) Global Conference
on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango : Biotic
and Abiotic Stresses” organized by Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture (ICAR), Lucknow in partnership
with the International Society for Horticultural Sciences
(ISHS), Belgium at Lucknow during 21-24 June, 2011. pp.
119.
13. Modi, P. K., S. Pushpraj, P. P. Bhalerao, L. R. Verma and P.
S. Pandit 2012. Recent initiatives to enhance shelf life of
fruits. Abstract presented in National Seminar on New
Frontiers and Future Challenges in Horticultural Crops
(NFFCHG) held at College of Agriculture, Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana on 15-17th
March, 2012. pp.
207.
NAU, Gujarat
14. Ravishankar, H. and S.K. Shukla 2011. Value chain
management approaches in mango (Mangifera indica L.) Lead
Paper presented at the 3rd "Swadesh Prem Jagriti Sangosthi-
2011" and National conference on Horti Business Linking
Farmers with Markets , May 28-31, 2011, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand
CISH, Lucknow
Popular articles
1. Balamohan, T.N., R.Arulmozhiyan, A.Nithya Devi,
N.Mageswari 2014. Value chain management in mango. In:
Souveneir of National Conference on “Value chain
management in mango” held from 20th
to 22nd
March 2014
at Horticulture Research and Extension Centre &
Karnataka.pp. 24-28
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
2. Balamohan, T.N. and B.Gopu 2014. Canopy management
in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv.Alphonso under ultra
high density planting. Souveneir of National Conference on
“Value chain management in mango” held from 20th
to 22nd
March 2014 at Horticulture Research and Extension Centre
& Karnataka.pp.29-37
3. Manoranjitham,S.K., R.Sri Vidhya, K.Banu Priya,
T.N.Balamohan 2010. “Disease Management in Mango”.
Naam Uzhavar. February 2010. p. 29-30.
4. Manoranjitham, S.K., P.Mekala, T.N.Balamohan. 2010.
Disease Management in Guava. Naam Uzhavar, May,
2010.p. 21-22.
5. Balamohan, T.N. S.Rajadurai, P.Mekala, P.M.Suresh 2010.
Canopy Management in Mango. November, 2010.
Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai, 2010. p.60-62.
6 Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, G.Priyadharshini 2010. High
Density Planting in Mango. Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai,
November, 2010. p. 27-29.
7 Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash, G.Priyadharshini
2010. Mango cultivation Technologies. Valarum Vivasaya
Thamizhagam, November, 2010. p.32-33.
8 Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash and
G.Priyadharshini.2011. Guava cultivation technologies.
Valarum Vivasaya Thamizhagam, p. 26-27.
9 Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash and
G.Priyadharshini 2011. Post Harvest Technologies in Guava
(Tamil). Valarum Vivasaya Thamizhagam, June, 2011 p. 30-
31.
10 Balamohan, T.N., S.Rajadurai, K.Prakash and
G.Priyadharshini.2011. Mango Ripening Techniques
(Tamil). Valarum Vivasaya Thamizhagam, July, 2011 p.
45.
HC & RI(W), TNAU,
Trichy
11 Pandit, P.S., A.S. Chhatrola and R.G.2010.Patel Jamfal ma
export ne lagta mapdand (Gujarati). Krushi Govidhya
(Guajarati), April, 2010, p. 22-23.
NAU, Gujarat
12 Bhalerao, P. P. 2011. Ultra High Density Plantation-A New
Approach in Mango Production. Agro-bios Newsletter. 2011.
IX (10): 19-21.
13 Patel, B. N., N. I.Shah, P. S.Pandit, P. P. Bhalerao and P.
Modi 2012. Meadow Orchard: Jamrukhma Ghanisth
Vavetar padhati (Gujarati). Khetini Vat, April, 2012, Issue-
7. p-38-39.
14 Patel, B. N.,N. I. Shah, P. S.Pandit, P. P.Bhalerao, and
P.Modi 2012.Ambama Ghanist Vavetar Padhati ane
Canopy Management, Krushijivan May, 2012, 10 (523): 13-
16.
15 Shah, N. I., C. R. Patel, P. P. Bhalerao 2012.Ambama chatni
(pruning) ane kelavani (training). West Zone KVK Agro-
fair under RKVY, Agro-forestry & High-tech Horticulture
seminar at Vyara, NAU, Navsari, Feb.-2012, pp. 71-74.
16 Kiran kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, M.Rajkumar 2012. Pandu
Ega Nivarana (Telugu) (Control of fruit fly), Rythunestam
Magazine, June, 2012 p.
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
17 Kiran kumar, A., A.Bhagwan,M.Rajkumar 2012.
Mukhyamyna pandla thotalalo samagra eruvula
vadakam,(Telugu) Integrated nutrient management in
important fruit crops. Rythunestam Magazine, August,
2012, p
18 Bhagwan, A., A.Kiran kumar, M.Rajkumar 2012. Kothaga
Mamidi thota Veyyalanukuntunnara, (Telugu) New mango
plantations Rythunestam Magazine, August, 2012,p
19 Bhagwan, A., A.Kiran kumar, J.Dilip Babu, M.Rajkumar
2012. Jaama thotallo Adika Sandrata Padhati (Telugu) High
density in guava. Rythunestam Magazine, September,
2012.p
20 Kiran kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, M.Rajkumar 2012. Adika
Sandrata vidhanam- Jama saguku varam, (Telugu) High
density in guava-a boon. Rythunestam Magazine,
December, 2012.p
21 Kiran kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, M.Rajkumar 2013. Mamidi
Thotalalo panta kotha tadhupari charyalu and mamidikaya
kotha samayam gurthinchadam mariyu Marketku
tharalinche samayam lo jagrathalu, (Telugu) Management
practices in mango. Rythunestam Magazine, May, 2013, p
37-38.
22 Bhagwan, A., A.Kiran kumar, M.Rajkumar 2013. Mamidilo
komma Kathirimpulu, (Telugu). Pruning in mango.
Rythunestam Magazine, September, 2013, p30-31.
23 Rajkumar, M., A.Bhagwan,A.Kiran kumar 2013. Mamidi
Sagulo Melina padhathulu, (Telugu) Tips in mango
cultivation Rythu Ratna Magazine, September, 2013, p 14-
15.
24 Rajkumar, M., A. Bhagwan, A. Kiran kumar, Sadaiah and
T.Sundeep Reddy 2014. Mamidilo poota mariyu pinde
dasalo teesukovalasina jagrathalu, (Telugu). Precautions to
be taken during flowering and fruiting in mango,
Rythunestam Magazine, January, 2014.
Extension Bulletin
1. Shukla, S. K.,D.Mishra, D.K.Tandon, N.Garg, Kailash
Kumar, P.K.Shukla, Ajay Verma, A.K.Vermaand
A.K.Bhattacharjee 2013. A Value chain management in
guava (Aam me mulya shrinkhala prabandhan-in Hindi).
Extension Bulletin, 1/13 :80p.
CISH, Lucknow
2. Mishra, D., H.Ravishankar, S.K.Shukla2013. Aam ke bag
mein Jirnoddhar takneek. Technical Bulletin No. 44. CISH,
Lucknow.
3. Shukla, S.K., Dushyant Mishra, Kailash KumarShukla, P.K.
Verma, Ajay 2013. Malihabad kshetra me Dashehari aam
kee bagwani se adhikadhik labh hetu mulya srinkhala
prabhandhan.Udyan Rashmi, 14(1): 6-15.
4. Shukla, S.K., H.Ravishankar, D.Mishra, Kailash Kumar,
B.K.Pandeyand Verma Ajay 2013.Dashehari aam men
mulya srinkhala prabandhan. Phal Phool 34(4): 3-9.
17. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
S. No. CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc. (Year
wise)
No. of
Copies
Distributi
on
Responsible
Partner
CD
1. Canopy Management in Mango 1 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
2. Post harvest practices in mango 1 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
3. Packing of guava fruits 1 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
4. Ripening of Mango 1 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
5. Mango Buyer Seller Meet 1 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
6. Good Agricultural Practices in Mango
(English) 1
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
7. Good Agricultural P ractices in Mango
(Tamil) 1
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
8. Ultra High Density Planting in Mango 1 HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
9. Informal farmers experience sharing
workshop 10 -
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
10. Documentation of success story 10 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
11.
Capacity building – Study tour on
mango production – Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
10 - HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
12. Capacity building – Study tour on
mango production – Chittoor, AP 10 -
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
13. Video clippings on HDP, Canopy
management of mango and guava Uploaded in youtube
HC & RI(W),
TNAU, Trichy
14. Audio capsules (5 No) 10 Among
farmers CISH, Lucknow
15. Videofilms (4 No) 10
Uploaded
on
website
CISH, Lucknow
16. Production technology of mango
(2011) 200 100
NAIP-II (Mango &
Guava), NAU,
Navsari
17. Pest and disease management in mango
(2011) 200 100
NAIP-II (Mango &
Guava), NAU,
Navsari
18. Post harvest management and value
addition in mango (2011) 200 100
NAIP-II (Mango &
Guava), NAU,
Navsari
19 Good Agricultural Practices in Mango
(2013) 300 250
NAIP-II (Mango &
Guava), NAU,
Navsari
19.
Dilip Babu. J., A.Bhagwan, A.Kiran
Kumar, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham
Ch, T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011
Improved management practices of
mango and guava. (Book) pp-40
1000 700 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
20.
Dilip Babu, J., A.Bhagwan, A.Kiran
Kumar, M. Rajkumar, Sadanandham,
Ch, T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj
2011 Preparation of processed
products. FRS, Sangareddy.
1000 600 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
21.
Bhagwan, A., A.Kiran Kumar, J.Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar , Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011
Improved management practices in
mango. FRS, Sangareddy.
1000 600 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
22.
Bhagwan, A., A.Kiran Kumar, J.Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011
Pest and disease management in
mango. FRS, Sangareddy.
1000 600 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
23.
Bhagwan, A., A. Kiran Kumar, J. Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011
Improved postharvest management
practices in mango. FRS, Sangareddy
1000 500 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
24.
Kiran Kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, J.Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011
Improved management practices in
guava. FRS, Sangareddy
1000 600 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
25.
Kiran Kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, J.Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy, B.Somaraj 2011.
1000 500 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
Pest and disease management in guava
FRS, Sangareddy.
26.
Kiran Kumar, A., A.Bhagwan, J.Dilip
Babu, M.Rajkumar, Sadanandham, Ch,
T.Sundeep Reddy T, B.Somaraj 2011.
High density guava orcharding. FRS,
Sangareddy
1000 600 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
27.
Dilip Babu, J., A.Bhagwan, J.Kiran
Kumar ,M.Rajkumar, T.Sandeep
Reddy 2013. A Value chain on Mango
and Guava for domestic and export
markets. FRS, Sangareddy
20 20 Dr.Y.S.R.H.U
Andhra Pradesh
Folders
28.
Pandit, P. S., C.S.Desai, J.M.Patel and
P.R.Desai2009. Post Harvest
Management of Mango and Guava
Fruits.
600 600 NAU, Navsari
29.
Pandit, P. S., C.S.Desai, J.M.Patel and
P.R.Desai 2009. Value Addition
through the Processing of Mango and
Guava.
600 600 NAU, Navsari
30.
Pandit, P. S., C.S.Desai, J.M.Patel and
P.R.Desai 2009. Scientific Production
Practices and Pest-Dieses Management
in Guava.
600 600 NAU, Navsari
31.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah, P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhalerao and P.R.Desai2010.
Scientific Production Practices in
Mango.
1500 1500 NAU, Navsari
32.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah., P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhalerao and P.R.Desai2010.
Insect, Pest and Dieses Management in
Mango.
1500 1500 NAU, Navsari
33.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah, P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhalerao and P.K.Modi2012.
Calendar: Mango working operations
throughout year.
200 200 NAU, Navsari
34.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah,P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhaleraoand P.K.Modi2012.
Training and Pruning in Mango.
200 200 NAU, Navsari
35.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah, P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhalerao and P.K.Modi2012.
Ultra-high Density Plantation System
in Mango.
200 200 NAU, Navsari
36.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah, P.S.Pandit,
P.K.Modiand P.P.Bhalerao2012.
Meadow Orchard Planting Method in
Guava (Gujarati Language).
200 200 NAU, Navsari
37.
Patel, B. N., N.I.Shah, P.S.Pandit,
P.P.Bhalerao and P.K.Modi2012.
Meadow Orchard Planting Method in
Guava (English Language).
200 200 NAU, Navsari
Handouts
38.
Patel, B. N., P.S.Pandit, P.P.Bhalerao
and P.K.Modi 2011. Meadow orchard
planting system in guava.
35 35 NAU, Navsari
39.
Patel, B. N., P.S.Pandit, P.P. Bhalerao
and P.K.Modi 2012. Rejuvenation in
old guava orchard.
30 30 NAU, Navsari
18. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc organized
TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy
Organizer
(Name & Address)
Details of Meetings/ Seminars/
Trainings, etc.
Duration
(From-To)
No. of
Personnel
trained
Budget
(Rs.)
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on mango cultivation, Pest and
Disease management Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
14.10.2009 99 11,500
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on guava cultivation, Pest and
Disease management Old Ayakudi,
Dindigul
21.10.2009 37 9,600
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on nutrient management,
Importance of bio-fertilizer application
and pre flowering pest management in
mango Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
18.11.2009 65 9,598
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on nutrient management,
Importance of bio-fertilizer application
in guava Old Ayakudi, Dindigul
16.12.2009 25 6,500
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Micronutrient management in mango
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 23.12.2009 100 16,280
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Micronutrient management in guava
Old Ayakudi, Dindigul 31.12.2009 29 6,060
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
National training on production, post
harvest and marketing of Mango
TNAU, Coimbatore
27.01.2010
to
29.01.2010
150 1,91,484
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
National training on production, post
harvest and marketing of Guava
HC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore
03.02.2010
to
05.02.2010
100 1,13,083
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Buyer seller meet
HC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore 15.02.2010 15 950
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on canopy management and
tree pruner in guava Old Ayakudi,
Dindigul
16.02.2010 29 3,956
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on canopy management and
tree pruner in mango Regional Research
Station, Paiyur, Krishnagiri
25.02.2010 68 21,283
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Irrigation management, Eco-friendly
pest management and Buyer-seller meet
in mango Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
07.04.2010 99 4,280
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Irrigation management, Eco-friendly
pest management and Buyer-seller meet
in guava Old Ayakudi, Dindigul
28.04.2010 23 3,113
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Mango stakeholders meet
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 07.05.2010 195 18,926
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Canopy management in mango using
Hydraulic mango harvester
Thimmapuram Farm, Krishnagiri
20.06.2010
to
23.06.2010
50 15,200
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on value addition in Mango
PHTC, TNAU, Coimbatore.
01.07.2010
&
02.07.2010
13 14,380
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Canopy management in
mango, Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 10.07.2010 115 9,080
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Buyer seller meet for guava
Old Ayakudi, Palani 23.07.2010 43 6,700
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration on Canopy management
in mango using Hydraulic fruit picking
platform cum pruner, TNAU,
Coimbatore
02.08.2010 36 4,040
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Stakeholders meet for guava
Old Ayakudi, Palani 12.08.2010 29 6,800
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Supply chain management in mango
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 01.09.2010 85
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
National training on “Canopy
management in mango” at TNAU,
Coimbatore
15.09.2010
&
16.09.2010
125 97,012
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Irrigation management in guava and
agricultural inputs distribution, Old
Ayakudi
29.09.2010 36 4,084
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Value addition in guava
PHTC, TNAU, Coimbatore
30.09.2010
& 1.10.2010 8 8,840
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Pre flowering pest, disease
management in mango and release of
predators to control mealy bug,
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
16.11.2010 99 9,832
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Canopy management, pest and disease
management and release of predators to
control mealy bug
Old Ayakudi, Palani
22.12.2010 39 4,627
T.N. Balamohan, .
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Waste utilization from mango pulp
industries, RRS, Paiyur 28.12.2010 129 8,429
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Visit to Anandha Naidu Garden
Andhra Pradesh 25.01.2011 150
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Production Technology of
Mango, Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 01.02.2011 116
Coromandel
Fertilizer
Ltd.,
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Packing on Guava
Old Ayakudi, Palani 23.02.2011 20
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on Entry Level GAP for
Mango Growers Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
01.03.2011 120 8,226
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
National Training on Pre and Post
Production and Supply Chain
Management in Guava
10.03.2011 75 82,000
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy. Farmers‟ experience sharing workshop 22.03.2011 50
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Farmer Field visit,
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 05.04.2011 15
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Buyer Seller Meet,
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 26.04.2011 255 11,066
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
High Density Planting in Guava,
Old Ayakudi, Palani 18.05.2011 50 3,155
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Nursery techniques in Guava,
Old Ayakudi, Palani 16.06.2011 18 4,036
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Farmers‟ Experience Sharing Meeting
at Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 12.08.2011 89
IHDA
Sponsor
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Preflowering Technologies in Mango
was conducted at Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
20.10.2011 90 10,360
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Pre-flowering Technologies in Guava
was conducted at Old Ayakudi, Palani 22.10.2011 33 4,611
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Application of Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate for Flowering in Mango and
training on Jain-GAP Practices in
Mango was conducted at Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
10.12.2011 85 12,193
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Export of guava to Middle East & visit
by Mr. Bhupesh Singhvi, New Delhi
was conducted at Old Ayakudi, Palani
22.12.2011 30 13,306
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Flower induction in mango through
chemicals and pest control was
conducted at Regional Research
Station, Paiyur, Krishnagiri
10.01.2012 95 10,055
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Arulmigu Sendrayamalai Uyar
Thozhilnutpa Maa urpathiyalargal
Sangam at Salamarathupatti,
Sendrayamalai, Krishnagiri
29.01.2012 65 7,662
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration on the use of
micronutrients in guava with special
reference to boron was conducted at
Old Ayakudi, Dindigul.
03.02.2012 33 4,641
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Export of Mangoes to Singapore was
organized at Horticultural College and
Research Institute for Women, Navalur
Kuttapattu, Trichy
17.02.2012 31 4,231
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration on the Use of Macro
Nutrients in Guava with Special
Reference to Potassium Nitrate and
input distribution at Old Ayakudi,
Dindigul.
27.02.2012 33 4,766
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Buyer Seller Meet in Mango was
conducted at Pochampalli, Krishnagiri. 21.03.2012 153
NAIP-1003
+ Bharath
Traders
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Pheromone traps distribution was
conducted at Pochampalli, Krishnagiri. 21.04.2012 144
Zuari
fertilizers
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration on “Control of fruit
flies through Fruit fly trap and
distribution of Methyl eugenol and
fruit fly trap in Guava” was conducted
at old Ayakudi, Dindigul.
19.07.2012 22 -
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
“Buyer Seller Meet for Off Season
Mangoes & Plant Protection
Techniques for Flowering and Fruit
Development” was conducted at
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
27.12.2012 128 3193
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on “Pest management in
guava, urea phosphate distribution and
marketing” was conducted at old
Ayakudi, Dindigul.
10.01.2013 26 690
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on “Fertilizer application, pest
and disease management in guava” was
conducted at Old Ayakudi, Dindigul.
23.01.2013 24 1730
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration on “Fruit set, fruit
development and plant protection in
mango and distribution of sorbitol ”
was conducted at Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri
05.02.2013 118 8427
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on “Operations at flowering
and after flowering in mango” was
conducted at Pochampalli, Krishnagiri
23.02.2013 141 5265
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Training on “ Pest and disease
management in guava” was conducted
Old Ayakudi, Dindigul.
26.02.2013 17 3399
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
CIC & CAC meet was conducted at
HC&RI(W), Trichy 04.03.2013 15 -
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
“Post Harvest technology and buyer
seller meet for mango and guava” was
conducted at HC & RI (W),Trichy
05.03.2013 207 57895
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Guava buyer seller meet was
conducted at Trichy 23.03.2013 25 675
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy. Mango fest
02.05.13 to
12.05.13 10 -
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Formation of guava producer‟s
company 02.05.13 89 -
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy. Unnati programme - mango 02.05.13 55 2034
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Introduction of card board boxes for
guava packaging 30.05.13 33 1493
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Market led extension and farmer
producer organization 04.06.13 15 1976
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Introduction of Cold chamber to guava
farmers 22.06.13 26 1558
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration cum training on
“Canopy management in mango” 09.07.13 500 145116
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Inauguration of producer company for
guava by Dr.R.Ezekiel , National
Coordinator.
30.07.13 102 4312
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Visit to Erode precision farm producer
company by guava farmers 13.08.13 36 8349
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Producer company stake holders meet
for guava 22.08.13 54 2349
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Stake holder meet (Monitoring &
Evaluation team review)- guava 16.09.13 70 3373
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Producer company registration and
selection of board members for guava 30.09.13 77 5398
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Induction of off-season flowering and
GAP in mango 29.10.13 100 8677
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Distribution of pruning saw &
Producer company meet for guava 19.11.13 100 4956
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Producer company meet for selection
of President, Vice President, Secretary
and Treasurer for guava
05.12.13 80 4595
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
CIC & CAC meet at HC&RI(W),
Trichy 08.01.14 24 8000
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Demonstration cum training on ultra
high density planting in guava 09.01.14 300 90000
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy. Board of Directors - Instruction 21.1.14 19 200
T.N. Balamohan,
HC&RI (W), Trichy.
Inauguration of Agricultural input
shops by producer company 30.1.14 110 9000
NAU, Gujarat
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Buyer-Seller Meeting for Guava 17.11.09 50 2000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Production Practices of Kesar Mango 21-30.12.09 600 90000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Production Practices of Ahallabad
Safeda Guava 18-21.1.10 200 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Post Harvest Management of Mango &
Guava 26-29.1.10 200 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Processing of Mango and Guava 8-11.2.10 200 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Buyer-Seller Meeting for Kesar Mango 10.3.10 50 2000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Buyer-Seller Meeting for Guava 25.10.10 50 2000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Rejuvenation, Flower Regulator
Application, Integrated Pest & Disease
Management in Kesar Mango Orchard.
27-
29.11.10&
1-3.12.10
600 90000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Improvement in fruit quality by good
Orchard Management in Guava 18-21.1.11 200 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Pre-cooling, Cold Storage, Ripening,
Grading, Sorting, Waxing Treatments
for Mango & Guava
21-24.2.11 200 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Value added Products from Mango and
Guava 4-5.3.11 100 30000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Buyer- Seller Meeting for Kesar Mango 12.3.11 50 2000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
One day field training was conducted
on nutrition and disease–pest
management in guava cv. Allahabad
Safeda.
One day
(July, 2011) 28 4000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Centre opening in mango by using
tractor mounted platform.
One day
(June, 2011) 15 4000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Application of fertilizers in Guava by
ring method and its advantages.
One day
(May,2011) 20 4000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Fruit bagging in Kesar mango.
One day
(Mar, 2011) 24 3000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
The demonstration of the harvesting of
the fruits with Dapoli harvester was
demonstrated in mango orchards.
One day
(Apr, 2011) 35 3000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Pre-cooling, cold storage and ripening
chamber demonstration to the farmers
was done in Kesar mango.
One day
(May, 2011) 40 4000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Training on Meadow Orchard planting
system in Guava.
One day
(Oct, 2011) 35 3000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Demonstration of application of micro-
nutrients on Allahabad Safeda guava
orchard.
One day
(Oct, 2011) 24 3000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Field training was conducted on Control
of wilting in guava- Head of plant
One day
(Nov, 2011) 28 3000
pathology and his team.
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Buyer-Seller meeting between guava
orchard owner and Vasundhara
V.V.J.V.S. Mandali Ltd., Lachakadi.
One day
(Dec, 2011) 10 1000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari
Field training on rejuvenation of wilt
infected, old and unproductive orchards
and pruning of guava cv. Allahabad
Safeda.
One day
(Feb, 2012) 20 4000
N.A.U., Navsari &
A.P.M.C., Navsari Krishimel 2012 at Nanapondha, Valsad
Two days
(May, 2012) 200 2000
CISH, Lucknow
CISH, Lucknow “Showcasing of agricultural
technologies” organized. 24-25.2.10 700 -
CISH, Lucknow Training on “Production, Protection and
post harvest management of mango” 6-8.3.10 50 -
CISH, Lucknow Training on “Production, Protection and
post harvest management of guava” 9-11.3.10 50 -
CISH, Lucknow Training of entrepreneurs on
“Processing technologies in guava” 22-23.3.10 25 -
CISH, Lucknow
Field day and training of mango
farmers in harvesting and postharvest
handling and management of mango
(Bagia Diwas)
4.6.10 200 -
CISH, Lucknow
Field day and training of guava farmers
in integrated pest management of
guava)
23.8.10 50 -
CISH, Lucknow
“Showcasing of agricultural
technologies” organized on 700
farmers
27.2.11 400 -
CISH, Lucknow
Mango entrepreneurs training on
processing of mango into value added
products
20-22.7.11 25 -
CISH, Lucknow Stakeholders Consultative Meeting at
CISH Lucknow 4.10.10 150 -
CISH, Lucknow
Field day on “Harvesting, postharvest
management and marketing of mango at
village Au mau
4.6.11 150 -
CISH, Lucknow
Sensitization on Pre and Post-harvest
handling, Marketing, Value
Addition and Entrepreneurship
Development in Mango
10.5.12 110 -
CISH, Lucknow Awareness programme on “Harvesting
and uniform ripening of mangoes”at 8.6.12 70 -
Navinagar, Saidpur-Mahari village,
Kakori, Lucknow
CISH, Lucknow Stakeholders Consultative Meeting 19.12.12 100 -
CISH, Lucknow
Showcasing of agricultural technologies
and Media Meet” at village Thawar
(Mal)
22.3.12 700 -
CISH, Lucknow Entrepreneurship development of rural
women through processing of fruits 27.12.12 70 -
CISH, Lucknow
Field day and training for
entrepreneurship development in
processing of guava
24.01.13 54 -
CISH, Lucknow
Processing of guava for
entrepreneurship development of rural
youths
12.2.13 26 -
CISH, Lucknow Showcasing of agricultural technologies
and Media Meet” at CISH, Lucknow 30.3.13 300 -
CISH, Lucknow Mango Buyer-Sellers Meet 4.5.13 100 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
APHU in
Collaboration with
Department of
Horticulture
KISAN GOSTI - Production
Management in Mango at ANGRU,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
30.03.10 200 -
APHU in
collaboration with
SEED
Mango bar Preparation at Jubilee hills,
Hyderabad.
( 23rd
, 27th
,
28th
, 30th
,
Mar, 2010) 180 -
APHU, in
collaboration with
Department of
Horticulture, GoAP,
Global Gap certification of mango
ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. 17.03.11 75 -
APHU, in
collaboration with
Department of
Horticulture
KISAN GOSTI - Production and
Postharvest management in mango and
guava at ARI, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad.
28.3.11 120 -
APHU,
Tadepalligudem.
Buyers and Sellers Meet at ARI,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. 06.03.11 75 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Post harvest chain of mango for
domestic market at Fruit Research
Station, Sangareddy.
02.06.11 and
06.06.11) 125 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem
Production technology in Mango at
farmer field. 29.06.11
60
-
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem
Training programme on post harvest
handling of guava at farmer field. 16.12.11 30 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem
Demonstration on management of fruit
fly in mango at farmer field.
22.02.12 50 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Training programme on fruit fly traps in
mango at farmer field.
14.05.12
50
-
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Training programme on Postharvest
technology of mango at Fruit Research
Station, Sangareddy.
29.05.12
46
-
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Training programme on pruning in
mango at Fruit Research Station,
Sangareddy.
12.06.12
32
-
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Training programme on production
technology of guava at Fruit Research
Station, Sangareddy.
18.07.12 27 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
Training programme on fruit fly traps in
guava at farmer field.
04.12.12
&
10.12.12
38
-
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
and Department of
Horticulture
Training programme on production
technology in guava at Zaheerabad
mandal, Medak district
28.09.13 97 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
and Department of
Horticulture
Training programmes on production
technology in mango and guava
atNalgonda District.
21.10.13 69 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
and Department of
Horticulture
Training programmes on production
technology in mango and guava
at Warangal District
22.10.13 120 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
and Department of
Horticulture
Training programmes on production
technology in mango and guava
atKhammam District.
26.10.13 71 -
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U,
Tadepalligudem.
and Department of
Horticulture
Training programmes on production
technology in mango and guava
atMahaboobnagar District.
28.10.13 56 -
BAIF Development Research Foundation,Gujarat
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training Programme For Farmers on
Guava processing 15-16.12.09 24 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training Programme For Workers on
Hygiene and Sanitation
29.12.10
60 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training Programme For Workers on
Guava & Mango processing
24-26.2.10
45 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Grading & Packaging of
Fresh Mango
1-3.6.10
30 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mango pulp processing 4-6.6.10 16 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mango Chhunda 7-9.6.10
18 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Dehydrated Mango Slice
10-12.6.10 16 -
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Guava Processing
2 6-27.11.10 13
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Guava Processing
7-8.12.10 24
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mango Pickle Processing 19-20.5.11 15
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mango Chhunda
Processing 21-22.5.11 19
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Grading And Packing of
Fresh Kesar Mango 28-29.5.11 14
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Dehydrated Mango Slice 5-6.6.11 12
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mango Pulp Processing 13-14.6.11 20
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Guava pulp Processing 2.1.12 13
BAIF Development
Research
Foundation, Gujarat
Training on Mangolla- mango drink
Processing 3.1.12 16
19. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.
S.
No.
Details of Meetings/Seminars/
Trainings/Radio talk, etc.(Name
&Address)
Duration
(From-To)
Budget
(Rs)
Participant
(Name & Address)
HC&RI (W), TNAU, Trichy
1.
Radio talk -Intervention through NAIP on
production and marketing of guava
Coimbatore
23.07.2010 - Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
2. Radio talk-Off-season mango production
in Pochampalli, Krishnagiri 22.10.2010 -
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
3. Video recording of Canopy Management
by Doordharshan Kendra, Coimbatore. 22.10.2010 500
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
4. Video recording on Off-season mango-
Success story by Doordharshan Kendra,
Sun TV, Makkal Tholaikatchi,
Captain TVPochampalli, Krishnagiri
27.10.2010 - Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
5. Training to extension officials and bankers
on “Commercial Fruit Production”
conducted by, NABARD, Erode
29.12.2010 - Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
6. Delivered a guest lecture on “High Density
Planting, Training and pruning in
Mango”Conducted by ATMA, Department
of Horticulture, Coimbatore
21.01.2010 - Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
7. National Workshop on “Off-season Mango
Production” at Kanyakumari conducted by
RRS, Pechiparai
25.02.2011-
27.02.2011 1424
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
8. Off-season mango production in Tamil
Nadu: A field survey (in) Global
Conference on Augmenting Production
21-24.06.
2011 -
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and
Abiotic Stresses held at CISH, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India
9. Radio talk –“Thottakalai Thozhilkal” –A
live broadcast, AIR, Trichy 19.10.2011 -
Dr.T.N.Balamohan
HC&RI (W), Trichy
NAU, Gujarat
10. Training Program on Value Addition to
Fruit and Vegetable Products: Holistic
Approach in Food Chain CFTRI, Mysore
7 – 18
September,
2009
11236 Mr. Ashok
Senapathi
NAU, Navsari
11. Training Program on Value Addition to
Fruit and Vegetable Products: Holistic
Approach in Food ChainCFTRI, Mysore
7 – 18
September,
2009
11236 Mr. Jilen Patel
NAU, Navsari
12. Training Program on Supply Chain
Management in Food Industry CFTRI,
Mysore
16 –
20.11.09
6742 Dr. Chirag Desai
NAU, Navsari
13. Training Program on Sensory and
Instrumental Methods for Textural and
Related Characteristics of Processed
FoodsCFTRI, Mysore
9 – 11.11.09 4494 Miss. Priti Desai
NAU, Navsari
14. Training Program on Sensory and
Instrumental Methods for Textural and
Related Characteristics of Processed
FoodsCFTRI, Mysore
9 – 11.11.09 4494 Er. Parag Pandit
NAU, Navsari
15. 2nd
National Workshop of Indian Black
Smithy Forum on Agriculture Tools and
Traditional Blacksmithy – Present Trends
and Future prospects., ATRC, Bardoli
20 –
22.01.11
500 Dr. Pankaj Bhalerao
NAU, Navsari
16. 2nd
National Workshop of Indian Black
Smithy Forum on Agriculture Tools and
Traditional Blacksmithy – Present Trends
and Future prospects., ATRC, Bardoli
20 –
22.01.11
500 Mr. Prasul Patel
NAU, Navsari
17. Television Talk "Krushi
DarshanAhmadabad Doordarshan Kendra,
Ahmedabad"
16.11.2011
800
Er. Parag Pandit
NAU, Navsari
18. Television Talk "Krushi
DarshanAhmadabad Doordarshan Kendra,
Ahmedabad"
15.06.2012 800 Er. Parag Pandit
NAU, Navsari
CISH, Lucknow
19. Management Development Programme on
“Technical Aspects of Agricultural
Communication and Knowledge
Management for ICAR Executives” at
IIM, Lucknow
16-
20.11.2009
- Dr S. K. Shukla
PS ,CISH, Lucknow
20. Management Development Programme on
“Technical Aspects of Agricultural
Communication and Knowledge
16-
20.11.2009
- Dr A. K. Shukla
PS, CISH, Lucknow
Management for ICAR Executives” at
IIM, Lucknow
21. Management Development Programme on
“Leadership for Innovation in Agriculture”
at IIM, Lucknow (NOIDA Campus)
18-22.01.
2010
- Dr S. K. Shukla
PS ,CISH, Lucknow
22. National training on “Policy perspectives
in value chain management and
commodity research in Indian agriculture”
12-
21.12.2011
- Dr S. K. Shukla
PS ,CISH, Lucknow
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
23. Production technology and Post harvest
management of Mango, 2010-11. One Day -
A. Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
24. Radio talk on the better management
practices for better flowering in Mango,
2010-11.
One Day -
Dr. A. Bhagwan
B. Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
25. Production technology of Mango, 2010-11. One Day - Dr. A. Bhagwan
Senior Scientist
26. Brainstorming section of “Mango Exports”
under the aegis of Department of
Horticulture, 2010-11.
One Day -
Dr. J. Dilip Babu
Principal Scientist &
Head
27. Programme on “Post harvest management
on Mango” inDoordarshan, Hyderabad.
One Day
16-05-11 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
28. Management practices of mango during
flowering and fruit growth –Training
programme at Department of Horticulture.
One Day
02.02.12 -
Dr. A. Bhagwan
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
29. “Post harvest management of fruits with
particular reference to mango” Training
programme at Department of Horticulture,
Hyderabad.
One Day -
Dr. J.Dilip Babu
Principal Scientist
(Hort.) & Head
30. Phone in Live programme on Doordarshan
Kendra, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad. “
Vesavi Pandlathotalalo Yajamanyam”.
One Day
04.04.12
-
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
31. “Kotha samayam lo mariyu kotha
Aanantharam teesukovalasina jagrathalu.-
All India Radio”, Hyderabad.
One Day
08.06.12 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
32. Phone- in line pogramme on Doordarshan
Kendra, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad.
“Mamidi poota samayamlo yajamanyam”.
2012-13.
One Day
-
Dr. A. Bhagwan
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
33. Radio talk on “Mamidi poota samayamlo
teesukovalasina jagrathalu”. 2012-13.
One Day
-
Dr. A. Bhagwan
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
34. TV programme on “Udyana pantalalo
yantrikaranam, and Mamidilo
Kotasamayamulo tesukovalasina
One Day
24.04.13 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
jagrathalu” at Doordarshan kendra,
Hyderabad.
35. Radio talk on “Post harvest management
on mango” at All India Radio, Hyderabad.
One Day
18.04.13 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
36. TV programme on “Mamidi kotha
anantharam jagratalu, Mamidilo eruvulu
yajamanyam, and Jamalo adika sandrata
padathi” at CVR TV, Hyderabad.
One Day
26.06.13 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
37. Radio talk on “Present conditions of
mango and management to be taken up
during November and December for better
flowering”. At All India Radio,
Hyderabad.
One Day
25.10.13 -
Dr.A.Kiran kumar
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
20.Foreign Trainings/ Undertaken (National/ International): -Nil-
21. Performance Indicators
S.No. Outputs Total
Numbers
1. No. of production technologies released based on NAIP research 28
2. No. of production technologies released and adopted based on NAIP
research 26
3. No. of processing technologies released based on NAIP research 9
4. No. of processing technologies released and adopted based on NAIP
research 8
5. Number of technologies/products commercialized based on NAIP
research 1
6. No. of new rural industries established 3
7. No. of product groups for which national or regional quality grades have
been agreed on through NAIP consortia -
8. Total no. of private sector organizations (including NGO‟s)
participating in consortium 35
9. Total number of farmers groups‟ for marketing and processing 15
10. Number of peer-reviewed research papers published in high impact
International journals based on NAIP research (NAAS Rating >6 only) -
11. Other journals 6
12. Book 10
13. Book Chapter -
14. Thesis 8
15. Popular Article (English) 25
16. Popular article in other Language 23
17. Newspaper Article 28
18. Seminar/Symposium/Conference/
Workshop Presentation 14
19. Seminar/Symposium/Conference/
Workshop Proceedings 3
20. Technical Bulletin 10
21. Manual -
22. CDs/Videos 15
23. Folder/Leaflet/Handout 23
24. Report 20
22. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S.
No.
Type of Employment Generation Employment Generation up
to end of Sub-project
Responsible
Partner
1 Semi skilled to skilled work 235 NAU, Navsari
23. Assets Generated
(i) Equipment
List of major equipments (costing above Rs. 4 lakhs)
S.
No.
Name of the Equipment with
Manufacturers Name, Model and Sr. No.
Year of
Purchase
Quantity
(Nos.)
Total cost
(`)
HC&RI(W), TNAU, Trichy
1. Hydraulic fruit picking platform with
accessories 2009-10 1 1208662
2. Canopy image analyser 2009-10 1 451912
NAU, Gujarat
3. Hydraulic PlatformIndigenous 2009-10 3 765000
4. Spray DrierAcmefill (I) Pvt. Ltd. 25kg 2009-10 1 1200000
5. Solvent oil extraction
Pharmac Engg. Pvt. Ltd. 2-5kg/batch
2009-10 1 562500
CISH, Lucknow
6. Bomb Calorimeter (Parr-6200) 2010 1 1353077
7. Tree Canopy Analyzer -HEMI V8 2010 1 650832
8. Chromometer 2010 1 783750
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
9.
Hunter color lab (Color Flex Spectro
Photometer 220 V with glass sample disk set
with easy match quality control software)M/s.
IR Technology Services Pvt. Ltd, Navi
Mumbai.
2010-11 1 819815
10. D.A Meter, Turoni, Italy
M/s. Elixer Technologies, Bangalore. 2010-11 1 466875
(ii) Works
Sl.
No
Particulars of work, name and address of
agency awarded the work
Year of
work
done
Quantity
(Nos.)
Amount
(Rs.in
Lakhs)
Respon-
sible
partner
1. Estabilshment of ripening chamber 2009-10 1 2.70 TNAU
2. Estabilshment of UHDP demo plot for guava
at HC&RI(W), Trichy 2013-14 1 1.50 TNAU
3. Dismantling tiled stone floors laid in mortar
including stacking of serviceable material
with all lead and lift
2009-10
1
(300
Sq. Ft.)
0.43
NAU,
Navsari
4. Supplying and erecting LPE, ISI marked
unarmored aluminum cable 1-1 KV grade
with necessary clamps on wall.
2009-10 1
(90mtr) 0.30
5. 6mm th section w/p & ceilling 2009-10 1 0.76
6. P/F Indian teakwood cupboard of size 1.20m
x 0.60 m 1.65 m 2009-10 1 0.22
7. Submersible pump set single phase with
60mtr pipe. 2009-10 1 0.37
8. Renovation of existing laboratory 2011 - 4.93
CISH,
Lucknow
(iii) Revenue Generated: (upto 31stDecember, 2013)
S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount
(Rs.)
Responsible
Partner
1. Sale of books 2013-14 17665 TNAU
2. Sale of Project Report on Solvent
Oil Extraction Process from
Mango Kernel
2010-11
&
2011-12
7500 NAU, Navsari
3 Sales of Books 2013-14 32000 NAU, Navsari
(iv) Livestock: --Nil--
24. Awards and Recognitions
S.
No
Name, Designation,
Address of the
person
Award/
Recognition
Award received for
Institution/
Society
facilitating
Responsible
partner
1. Dr.T.N.Balamohan
Special Officer
HC&RI(W), Trichy
Kadali Puraskar
Award
Contribution in the
field of fruits
(banana) research
Jalgaon,
Maharastra
TNAU
2. Mr.T.Sethupathi
M/s Crystal gardens,
No.19, Theppakulam
Street, Pollachi
Best mango
farmer award
For obtaining the
maximum yield
through adopting
latest technologies
Central
Institute for
Subtropical
Horticulture
TNAU
3. Mr.Prabhu Ram
No.10, Viswanathan
Street, Irupattur,
Vellore
Best mango
farmer award
For obtaining the
maximum yield
through adopting
latest technologies
Central
Institute for
Subtropical
Horticulture
TNAU
4. Mr. Sanjaybhai 'Best Farmer For his contribution CISH, NAU,
Maganlal Naik At.
Po. Gandeva,
Ta.: Gandevi
Navsari District
Entrepreneurship
' in Mango 21st
June 2011
in the field of
mango processing
Lucknow Navsari
5. Mr. Mukeshbhai
Ishwarbhai Patel At.
Po.: Athan,
Ta: Jalalpore,
Navsari District
'Mango King'
2nd
May 2010
For his contribution
in the field of mango
production
NAU,
Navsari
NAU,
Navsari
6. Dr.A.Bhagwan
Senior Scientist
(Hort.)
Fellowship
award from
Society for
development of
sub-tropical
horticulture
(SDSH) on the
occasion on
Global
conference on
augmentation of
mango
germplasm held
19-22nd
April,
2011.
Contribution in the
field of fruits
research
Society for
development
of sub-tropical
horticulture
Dr.Y.S.R.H.
UVenkatram
annagudem,
Andhra
Pradesh
25. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability
The Consortia approach has created a strong association between the public sector
(ICAR and TNAU) and partners (other government research institutes) has ensured
sustainability
The training given to womenfolk, growers and entrepreneurs has encouraged more
number of them to take up scientific fruit cultivation
Efforts towards women empowerment have been strengthened through organizing more
training programmes on value addition
Adoption of the technologies developed in the project by growers and entrepreneurs has
paved way for sustainability of the project activities.
For guava, a comprehensive value chain has been established in the project site through
training the farmers on GAP, for quality guava fruit production. After achieving 73per
cent increased yield and 30per cent “A” grade fruits (Exportable fruits > 300 gm/fruit),
farmers were linked with domestic chain stores and export markets. To sustain this,
producer company for the farmers was established and an “Agricultural input shop”
was opened for quality inputs. The shop will act as a knowledge centre for the farmers.
Similar to guava, the project farmers of mango were trained on Good Agricultural
Practices (GAP), scientific harvest and storage realized an increased yield of 35 per
cent and 33per cent “A” grade mangoes fit for export market. Associations were
formed (25 each) and linked with local markets, chain stores, processors and exporters.
These farmers are now jointly going for GAP certification for which M/s. Jain
Irrigation, Jalgoan, Maharashtra is assisting to get JAIN GAP certificate. This will
facilitate better pricing and adoption of latest technologies continuously by the farmers.
As part of the post sustainability a project On-Farm Demonstration of Pre and Post
Harvest Protocol for Mango Export” proposed to Government of Andhra Pradesh in
realm of private public partnership with an outlay of Rs. 1.60 crores for 3 years and is
being implemented.
26. Possible Future Line of Work
Based on experiences gained in this project, the following future line of work is
proposed
I) Transfer of technology
The precision production technologies developed through this project as given below
will be disseminated to more number of growers through on-farm trials, demonstrations
and training programmes
Ultra High Density Planting in Guava (3 x 1.5m) using grafts and layers.
Induction of off season flowering in mango
Canopy management in mango (Moderate pruning method)
Control of papaya mealy bug affecting mango and guava using predators
(TNAU)
Guava green leaf tea
Commercialization of the technologies developed in this project
Export packaging technology of guava and mango will be disseminated to more
number of exporters to facilitate export promotion.
II) Research component(to be taken up through mobilization of funds from outside
sources)
a. Research will be undertaken to standardize the fertigation schedule for ultra
high density planting in guava and mango
b. Induction of off season flowering through Canopy management
c. Canopy management in high density planting orchards of mango and guava
27. Personnel
S.No Staff From – To
Research Management (CL)
1. Dr. T. N. Balamohan, HC&RI(W), Trichy 2012 - till date
Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others) 2. Dr. T. N. Balamohan, CCPI 2009 – 2012
3. Dr. T. N. Balamohan, CPI 2012 – till date
4. Dr.R.Arulmozhiyan, Co-PI 2013 - till date
5. Dr.A.Nithya Devi, Co-PI 2011 - till date
6. Dr. S.K. Shukla, CCPI 2009 - 2014
7. Dr.J.Dilip Babu, CCPI 2009 - 2014
8. Er. Parag Pandit, CCPI 2009 - 2014
9. Mr.M.D.Sapate, CCPI 2009 - 2014
10. Dr.A Bhagwan, Senior Scientist (Hort.) 2009 - 2014
11. Dr. A. Kiran Kumar, Senior Scientist (Hort.) 2009 - 2014
12. Dr. M.Rajkumar, Prinicipal Scientist (Hort) 2009 - 2014
13. Er. P. S. Pandit, Assistant Professor 2009 - till date
14. Dr. B. N. Patel, Associate Director of Research 2009- till date
15. Dr. N. I. Shah, Research Scientist 2009- till date
16. Er. S. P. Shukla, In-charge, PHTC 2009- till date
17. Dr. R. G. Patil, Research Scientist 2009- till date
Technical
18. Dr. M. Chandrasekharan, Professor and Head
(Agrl.Economics), Directorate of Research, TNAU,
Coimbatore
2009 –2012
19. Dr. A. K. Mani, Professor and Head, RRS, TNAU, Paiyur,
Krishnagiri*
2009 –2012
20. Dr. D. Karnam Lokanathan, Professor and Head (Market
Extension)
2009 –2011
21. Dr. N. Varadharaju, Professor and Head (Post Harvest
Technology)
2009 – 2011
22. Dr. R. Viswanathan, Professor and Head(Food & Agrl.
Process Engg.)
2009 –2011
23. Dr. S. Chandrasekhar, Professor (Agrl. Entomology) 2009 –2011
24. Dr. D.Malathi, Professor (Food Science & Nutrition) 2009 –2011
25. Dr. T. Manoharan, Professor (Agrl. Entomology) 2009 –2011
26. Dr. A. Sankaralingam, Professor (Plant Pathology) 2009 –2011
27. Dr. R. Kailappan, Professor (Food & Agrl. Process Engg) 2009 –2011
28. Dr. P. Jeyakumar, Associate Professor (Crop Physiology) 2009 –2011
29. Dr. S.S. Sivakumar, Associate Professor (Post Harvest
Technology)
2009 –2011
30. Dr. N. Sriram, Assistant Professor (Agrl. Extension) 2009 –2011
31. Dr. I. Muthuvel, Assistant Professor (Horticulture) 2009 –2011
32. Dr. D. Keisar Lourdusamy, Assistant Professor (Horticulture) 2009 –2011
33. Dr. P. Sridhar, Associate Professor, Agronomy, KVK,
Paparapatti*
2009 –2012
34. Dr. K.Geetha, Assistant Professor (Food Science &
Nutrition), ADAC &RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
35. Dr.G.Gajendran, Professor & Head (Agrl. Entomology),
ADAC &RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
36. Dr.S.D.Sivakumar, Professor (Agrl. & Rural Management),
O/o the Vice Chancellor, TNAU, Coimbatore
2009 –2012
37. Dr.S.Nithila, Assistant Professor (Crop Physiology), ADAC
&RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
38. Dr.N.R.Padmanabhan, Professor (Agrl. Economics), ADAC
&RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
39. Dr.B.Thiagarajan, Professor (Agrl. Extension), ADAC &RI,
Trichy
2011 –2012
40. Dr.V.Lakshmanan, Professor (Horticulture), HC &RIW,
Trichy
2011 –2012
41. Dr. A.Ramesh Kumar, Assistant Professor (Horticulture), HC
&RIW, Trichy
2011 –2012
42. Dr.S.Selvam, Associate Professor, (Agrl. Economics), ADAC
&RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
43. Dr.S.Thiruvudainambi, Associate Professor (Plant
Pathology), ADAC &RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
44. Dr.P.Pandiarajan, Dean (Agri), ADAC &RI, Trichy 2011 –2012
45. Dr. K.Annadurai, Associate Professor, (Agronomy), ADAC
&RI, Trichy
2011 –2012
46. Dr.P.K.Selvaraj, Professor (Agrl.Engg), ADAC &RI, Trichy 2011 –2012
Contractual 47. Mr. S. Rajadurai, SRF 2009 -2011
48. Ms. P. Mekala, SRF 2009 -2010
49. Mr. L. Sudhan, SRF 2009 -2010
50. Mr. P. M. Suresh, SRF 2010 -2010
51. Ms. G. Priyadharshini, SRF 2010 -2011
52. Mr. K. Prakash, SRF 2010-2011
53. Mr. D. Kannan, SRF 2011-2011
54. Ms. M. Priyanka, SRF 2011 –2012
55. Dr. V. Thondaiman, SRF 2011 2012
56. Mr. M. Rajasekar, SRF 2011 –2012
57. Ms.K.Kayalvizhi, SRF 2013 - 2014
58. Ms.N.Mageswari, SRF 2013- Till date
59. Ms.K.G.Janaranjani, SRF 2013- Till date
60. Mr. Vivek Mehta, SRF 2012- till date
61. Mr. Tanveer Ahmed, SRF 2012- till date
62. Mr. Sambhaji JArande, SRF 2012- till date
63. Dr. P. P. Bhalerao, SRF 2010 - 2011
64. Mr. P. K. Modi, SRF 2011 - 2012
65. Smt. Prajapati, P. P., SRF 2011 - 2012
66. Miss. Desai, P. R., SRF 2009-2011
67. Mr. Patel, P. R., SRF 2010-2011
68. Dr. Desai, C. S., SRF 2009-2010
69. Mr. Patel, J. M., SRF 2009-2010
70. Shri T Sandeep Reddy, Office Assistant 2009-2014
71. Ch. Sadiaah, Office Assistant 2009-2013
72. Mr. B. Somaraj, Office Assistant 2011 -2012
73. Mr. K. Sumalatha, Office Assistant 2013-2014
74. Mr. V. Hemalatha, Office Assistant 2013-2014 75. Mr. N. Shandya, Office Assistant 2009-2010
76. Mrs.S. Bowgia Begum, Office Assistant 2013-2014
77. Mr. A. Sagaya Roach Dharmaraj, Lab Assistant 2013-2014
* The scientists are responsible for co-ordinating the activities in the project areas.
28. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Committee Name Chairman
(From-To)
Members
(From-To)
1. Consortium
Implementation
committee (CIC)
CISH, Lucknow
First Committee
(From April, 2009
up to June, 2012)
Dr.H.Ravi Shanker,
Director
CISH, Lucknow
1.Dr.T.N.Balamohan
Special Officer
HC&RI(W), Trichy
2. Dr.S.K.Shukla,
Principal Scientist (Hort.)
CISH, Lucknow
3. Dr. J. Dilip Babu
Professor (Hort.)
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
4. Er. Parag Pandit
Asst. Professor (PHTC)
NAU, Gujarat
2. Consortium
Advisory
Committee (CAC)
CISH, Lucknow
First Committee
(From April, 2009
up to June, 2012)
Dr. D. S. Rathore
Former Vice chancellor
(CSKHPKVV)
Flat P, J 1/63, Gupta
Colony, Khirki
Extension, Malviya
Nagar, New Delhi-
110017
Phone : 011-29543198
Mobile : : 09953496874
Dr. M. N. Gupta
Former Head, Process Engg (GBPUAT)
46, Nehru Apartments, Nehru Nagar,
Ghaziabad-201001, U.P.
Phone : 0120-2796610
Email : [email protected]
Mrs. Laxmi Dwivedi
Women self-help group “Jagriti”,
Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow Village-
Kanar, PO Kakori, Distt-Lucknow
Mobile : 09936772552
Mr. Shailendra Singh
Progressive Farmer, Village and P.O.
Babiyao (Chaubepur),
Distt-Varanasi,
U.P. PIN-221101
Mobile : 09451576047
3. Consortium
Monitoring Unit
(CMU)
CISH, Lucknow
Director
CISH,
Lucknow
1. Dr. S.R. Bhriguvanshi
Head, Crop Production Division,
CISH, Lucknow.
2. Dr. Dushyant Mishra
Scientist (Sr. Scale) Horticulture,
CISH, Lucknow.
3. Dr. N.G. Hegde
President, BAIF Development Research
Foundation,
Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar,
Warje,
Pune-411 058.
4. Sh R.B.L. Srivastava
(Agricultural Economist)
Scientist (Selection Grade)
CISH,
Lucknow.
4. CAC
HC&RI(W),
Trichy
SecondCommittee
(From June, 2012 to
March, 2014)
Dr. K. Rajukkannu,
Ph.D. Retired Dean (Agri.),
Trichy
1. Dr. R. Rajagopal
Professor (Retired)
No. 106, Sivan Kovil Street
Kumar Nagar
Vayalur Road, Trichy – 620 017
2. Mr. Sethupathi
No.19, Theppakulam street, Pollachi,
Coimbatore (Dist)
Mobile No.9842255050
3. Mr. P. Govindarajan
Jakka Samuthram (Po),
Palacode, Dharmapuri – 638 805
5. CIC
HC&RI(W),
Trichy
SecondCommittee
(From June, 2012 to
March, 2014)
The Director of
Research
Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University,
Coimbatore-3.
1.Dr.T.N.Balamohan
Special Officer
HC&RI(W), Trichy
2. Dr.S.K.Shukla
Principal Scientist (Hort.)
CISH, Lucknow
3. Dr. J. Dilip Babu
Professor (Hort.)
Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, Andhra Pradesh
4. Er. Parag Pandit
Asst. Professor (PHTC)
NAU, Gujarat
6. CMU
HC&RI(W),
Trichy
Dr.M.Chandrasekaran
Professor (Agricultural
Econ)
TNAU, Cbe – 3.
1. Dr.N.R.Padmanaban
Professor & Head,
Department of Social Sciences,
ADAC&RI, Trichy-9.
2. Dr.B.Thiyagarajan
Professor (Agrl.Extension)
Department of Social Sciences,
ADAC&RI, Trichy-9.
B. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Details of the
meeting Date
Place & Address
(Where meeting was organized)
1. CIC 24.06.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
23.11.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
06.09.2010 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
25.07.2011 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
04.03.2013 TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy (TN)
08.01.2014 TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy (TN)
2. CAC 25.06.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
23.11.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
07.09.2010 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
25.07.2011 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
04.03.2013 TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy (TN)
08.01.2014 TNAU, HC&RI(W), Trichy (TN)
3. CMU 25.06.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
23.11.2009 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
07.09.2010 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
25.07.2011 CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow (U. P.)
29. Relationship with private partners over information exchange and dissemination of
results
BAIF Development Research Foundation, Warje, Pune has involved in promoting
mango plantation in 38 villages in Valsad taluk of Navsari district through various
programmes in Gujarat. BAIF along with NAIP has given several trainings on guava and
mango processing (mango chunda, dehydrated mango slice, pickles and mango drink). They
also trained the workers on hygiene, sanitation, grading and packaging. Dr.Y.S.R.
Horticultural University is involved in promoting mango bar preparation using solar drier
technology incollaboration with NGO SEED (Society for energy, environment and
Development). The project farmers were trained in the preparation of mango bar using solar
drier technology. After training, trainees started their own business and also were employed
in processing industries. However, it was felt that the working style of NGOs and the
government institutions (SAU/ICAR) was found to be poles apart with reference to financial
management and reporting.
30. Anticipated gap between laboratory technology and commercialization in terms of
funding requirement
Except few technologies, most of the technologies are cost carrying and hence
implementing the technology requires more funding than the funding allotted given under
NAIP project to prove beyond. In case of flower induction in mango, an amount of
Rs.25,000/- is needed to induce flowering for better crop and yield. Hence, for
implementation, funding needs to be adequately provided. Otherwise the technology could
not be proved though it is very vital from commercial point of view. Sometimes, the
technology adoption will help the stakeholder at large, but not the one who is practicing the
technology. In the case of guava / mango, control of fruit fly helps the retailer /processor
rather than the grower himself. Hence, adoption of technology is helpful to complete the
value chain but not the farmer directly.
31. Analysis of the Value Chain including Economic Analysis
Value chain development is a business – oriented approach, which aims to assist the
different stakeholders along the value chain viz., input suppliers, farmers, traders, processors
and retailers up to the final consumer for capturing the best value at all stages of production,
processing, trading and consumption while at the same time observing a sustainable use of
resources. Better the partners in a value chain, higher will be the value generated at every
stage of the value chain. At the farm level, products pass through all activities of the chain in
order, and at each activity the product gains some value. The chain of activities gives the
products more added value than the sum of the independent activities values. It is important
not to mix the concept of the value chain with the costs occurring throughout the activities.
The application of economic efficiency, optimal resource utilization and the adoption of
environment friendly production methods are the guiding principles and targets.
Any value chain, in fact, ensures the quality of produce from production till
consumption. In case of mangoes, farmer the producer is responsible for safe and quality
mangoes and to ensure chemical free, pathogen free mango fit for consumption. To ensure
them, he has to adopt all the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) prescribed by the
commodity institutes or state agricultural universities. Now a day, global agencies are
engaged to issue certificates to the effect as requested by the retailers of the commodity.
“Global GAP”, “Nature‟s Choice” and “Farm to Fork” are some of the international
agencies engaged in certification of perishables for the global traders.
Keeping all these issues in mind, a NAIP project on “Value Chain in Mango and
Guava for Domestic and Export Market” was obtained and operated with HC&RI(W),
TNAU as lead centre and CISH-Lucknow, NAU-Gujarat, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural
University- Hyderabad as sub centres with a view to enhance the value of the produce from
farm to fork. To address the above issues, the following objectives were formulated;
Enhancing productivity and quality of mango through Good Agricultural Practices
(GAP)
Reducing the post-harvest losses, enhancing the shelf life of fruits through scientific
pre and post harvest management practices.
Strengthening of processing of mango through entrepreneurship development and
tying up with processors and
Facilitating the producers in getting domestic and international market access for
their produce by creating market linkages.
Before the intervention of NAIP, there was widespread mistrust among the members
of the Mango value Chain resulting in unstable and fragmented market linkages. This has
led to poor coordination among the stakeholders and did not fully explore their potential to
generate income for all business partners.
The primary aim of the project is to augment the income of the core stakeholder, the
farmer/producer, by technology transfer, through supply of critical inputs, introducing
machineries in production and post production, finally market linkages for better trading in
domestic and export market.
Financial analysis of guava
Guava is a hardy fruit crop yields twice in a year. Of late, the fruits of guava are
gaining importance due to its medicinal properties i.e. safe for diabetic patients. Adoption of
latest technologies i.e. integrated nutrient management, integrated pest and disease
management, water management and improved fruit handling enhanced the profit of the
farmers. The higher net profit after the intervention is evident as given in the
table -1.
Cost of cultivation of Guava (Rs. /ha) (TNAU)
S.No Particulars
Before
intervention
(Rs/ha)
After
intervention
(Rs/ha)
1 Cost of fertilizer 5400 10500
2 Cost of chemical (Pesticide/Herbicide) 3000 6500
3 Cost of fertilizer and chemical application 6000 6000
4 Labour cost of weeding 7000 7000
5 Labour cost of pruning - 3000
6 Labour cost of harvest and handing 5000 10000
7 Labour cost of irrigation 2000 2000
Total 28,400 45,000
Yield 10t 18t
Gross income
@ Rs. 6000/ton (Before Intervention)
@ Rs. 20000/ton (After Intervention)
60,000 3,60,000
Net income 31,600 3,15,000
B/C ratio 1.11 7.0
TheMango(MangiferaindicaL.),memberoffamilyAnacardiaceae,isamongstthemost
importanttropicalfruitoftheworld and called as king of fruits. India has the richest collection
of mango cultivars running over 1000. Besides delicious taste and excellent flavour,
mango is rich in vitamins and minerals. Mango has been under cultivation for more than
4000 years in India. India continues to be the largest mango producing country of the
world, accounting for more than 50 per cent of the world production.The higher net profit
in mango in the project area after the intervention of NAIP is evident as given in the table -2.
Table 2. Cost of cultivation of mango (Rs. /ha) (TNAU)
S.No Particulars Before intervention (Rs/ha)
After intervention
(Rs/ha)
Alphonso Neelum Totapuri Alphonso Neelum Totapuri
1 Cost of
fertilizer 8500 8500 8500 10500 10500 10500
2 Cost of
chemical 7300 4000 3500 9300 5500 5000
3
Labour cost
for fertilizer
application
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
4 Labour cost
of weeding 3500 3000 3000 3500 3000 3000
5 Labour cost
of pruning - - - 2000 2000 2000
6 Labour cost
of harvest 2750 2200 2000 2750 2200 2000
7 Labour cost
of irrigation 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total 27050 22700 22000 33050 28200 27500
Yield 4.53 6.51 6.82 8 t 10t 10t
Cross
income 79275 49476 48422 183000 178000 177000
Rs/Kg 17.60 7.60 7.10 22.87 17.80 17.70
Net income 52225 26776 26422 149950 149800 149500
BC 1.93 1.18 1.20 4.54 5.31 5.44
Table 3. Economic analysis of mango based industries (Pulp recovery)
Crop Beneficiaries Intervention
Recovery of
pulp / rate
Before
intervention
Recovery of
pulp / rate
after
intervention
Increment /
income
Qty (in
Tonne)
Rate
(Rs.in
Lakh)
Qty (in
Tonne)
Rate
(Rs.in
Lakh)
Qty
(in
Tonne)
Rate
(Rs.in
Lakh)
Bangalora Pulpers Fruit fly trap 243 68.04 280 78.40 37 10.36
Average Base price: Rs. 28,000/tone
There are more than sixty mango processing industries working in and around the
project area. On an average, 243 ton is being recovered in a span of sixty days before
intervention due to fruit fly incidence. After intervention, the recovery was improved by 37
tonnes per season resulting in extra gain of Rs.10.36 lakh per processing unit. The extra
recovery is due to the introduction of fruit fly traps.
32. Policy issues emerging out of the sub-project
Through this scheme, the producer company has been established in the name of
“Ayakudi guava and fruit producer company” the producer company has eighty eight
members contributing Rs. 4.4 lakh. Aftermath, for the benefit of the farmers an input shop
was opened to provide genuine quality agricultural inputs. The government of Tamil
Nadu appreciated the formation of producer company (guava and mango) by this project.
A Government order (G.O) has been issued to safeguard the mango and guava producer
companies and to take it further for the benefit of farmers as well as the stakeholders.
Besides, government is keen to bring in more processing, storage and ripening godowns to
sustain the value chain.
33. Status of horizontal expansion due to successful NAIP interventions
After intervention several groups of farmers are approaching to mimic the NAIP
models for mango and guava. In guava, the Ayakudi model which is popular in the project
site was visited by several groups. One group from Erode is going to start one such model.
Similarly, group of farmers from Thuraiyur and Tirunelveli are also interested to establish
such model for guava.
As far as mango is concerned, the farmers of Pochampalli of Krishnagiri district are
already in the process of establishing a producer company involving more than 10
associations within the district. They have already started exploiting the technology of
producing „off-season mangoes‟.
In Ayakudi, the project farmers have already started a „fertilizer input shop‟ to cater
to the needs of the guava farmers. The input shop besides providing genuine agricultural
inputs at a reasonable cost has also reduced the cost of production. The input shop has an
umbrella effect in disseminating the technology and market information among the
members.
34. Experience of Consortia in Project Implementation
Working with diversified consortium partners
As far as the consortium partners are concerned, all of us worked in a cohesive way
complementing each other though we had initial hiccups here and there. The CAC, CIC and
review meetings brought us together to share the, problem issues, knowledge and success by
the individual consortium members. This has helped to try several new innovations
developed and experienced in the respective consortium scientist exchange had also
happened during the period. We could able to learn the strength and weaknesses of each
consortium. So that the weakness could be converted into strength.
Strengths and weakness
Strengths / advantages Weakness / disadvantages
1. Adequate fund allotment.
2. Objectives are focussed and possible to
achieve
3. Fund release was quite satisfactory.
4. All the consortia are connected with the
agricultural related activities
5. The various institutions got benefited in
sharing the knowledge and infrastructure
6. The project scientists were given
exposure to the latest technologies
available elsewhere.
1. Most of the members in the advisory
committee are retired ICAR officials
and hence stereotypic instructions
2. Missing of training components viz.,
international trainings to the
consortium members
3. Midterm correction is not possible
(Human resource/equipments).
4. Delay in communication about
scheme extension
5. Homogeneity of targeted goals and
poor linkage between private partners
and SAU.
Key Learning‟s
Research gaps that exist between farm and lab could be easily identified.
Issues could be shared among the consortium members.
Possibility for modification / alteration of research system through the learning from
other consortium member.
Interaction of scientists from various fields of Agriculture i.e. Horticulture, Food
Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Entomology, Pathology, soil chemistry and
soil science etc., helped to evolve comprehensive programme.
35. Working at different capacities
NAIP subproject has given the partners wide opportunity to work with different
hierarchy of both technical and financial groups. Mostly, the service providers treated us
very warmly with courtesy. The member of the consortium could learn lot from both the
groups to carry forward the project in right direction. The learning could be of immense help
in knowing different people and institution.
36. Data for establishing the financial viability for the NAIP interventions and
importance of evaluating the risks which will expedite commercialization
Several interventions are made to make the value chain a comprehensive and a
complete one. The first and foremost intervention is formation of association to bring the
prime stakeholders, farmers, under single umbrella system. The association farmers were
trained on several technologies and provided with critical agricultural inputs along with
knowledge to achieve expected production with quality. The quality produce of the
farmers are to be sold in an appropriate market for premium price. Accordingly, several
buyer-seller meets were conducted and tie-ups were made with local traders, pulpers,
chain store retailers and exporters.
The experience showed that the stakeholders can able to enjoy mutual benefits only
when they are in group / association with whom the rest of the stake holders can interact
and evolve.
Finally, in nut shell, the financial viability of the value chain revolves around the
producers/ farmers only when they do farming in groups / associations.
37. Success Stories
SUCCESS STORY –I
Formation of “Ayakudi guava and fruit producer company” by the project farmers of
Ayakudi, Dindigul district
Ayakudi, a subtle village in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, is popular for its
delicious guava fruits. Though the fruits are delicious and good in quality, these fruits did
not fetch better price in the market. The farmers of Ayakudi used to sell their fruits in the
local shandy in basket and rest of the times selling their guava in the highways. Such a
delicious, tasty fruits could not get a better price due to poor exhibition and packing. This
village was selected for implementing the NAIP scheme on “A value chain on mango and
guava for domestic and export markets” to sensitize the stakeholders of the commodity.
„A grade‟ Guava Fruits Ready for Export Inauguration of Agricultural input shop by the
stakeholders of Farmers Producer Company
Agricultural Chemicals Exhibited in Input Shop
Twenty five guava farmers of Ayakudi having each 1 hectare of guava were selected
under the project to undergo trainingsonvarious scientific cultivation practices in a
systematic manner. Before intervention, the selected farmers formed an association viz.,
“Old Ayakudi Guava Growers Association” . The association acted as a bridge between
TNAU, the implementer of the scheme, and the farmers for conducting training,
demonstrations, seminars, etc. The trainings, demonstration and supply of critical inputs
through the scheme had helped the farmers to enhance the productivity as well as the quality
of guava fruits in Ayakudi which attracted the exporters to procure the fruits for export.
While doing so, the farmers felt an increased cost of cultivation due to higher input cost to
the tune of 25-30 per cent against the conventional method. To cut down the production cost
as well to sustain the farming, the growers thought of forming a producer company“Farmer
Producer Company”to disseminatethe knowledge and to bring down the cost of
cultivation.
Once the idea of Producer Company was floated, the scheme farmers were then
taken to similar organizations through the NAIP scheme to learn about the activities of the
Producer Company, rulesand regulations and constraints in running the producer company.
Eighty eight guava growers of the Ayakudi joined together to form the producer company
and contributed rupees five thousand each to float the producer company. The company was
registered in the name of “Ayakudi Guava and Fruits Producer Company” on 3.1.2014
with eighty eight members. The producer company thus formed also wanted to ensured self
sustenance. Accordingly, the farmers established a „Fertilizer shop‟on 30.01.2014 of their
own to procure and supply genuine chemical fertilizer, bio fertilizers, pesticides and
hormones which are used by them for the regular cultivation. The initial investment for
opening the fertilizer shop was Rs. 2,25,000/-. Now, around Rs. 5 lakh worth of materials
are being handled in a month with a minimum profit of 4 per cent for fertilizers and 10 per
cent for chemicals. This is a great leap forward of the guava project farmers, since this is not
only benefited the farmers but also the farming community of the region at large. Now, the
guavas of Ayakudi farmers are being exported to Gulf countries under the brand name of
„Ayakudi Guavas‟.
SUCCESS STORY –II
Mr.T.V.Cholan is one of the beneficiary farmers of NAIP
project on “A value chain on mango and guava for domestic and
export markets” hailing from Keelapuliyur, Pochampalli,
Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu. He has an area of 5 acres of Alphonso and
used to sell his mangoes either to the pulping companies or to
brokers of the local mandies. After the NAIP intervention,
Mr.T.V.Cholan adopted all the latest production technologies
including canopy management and eco friendly pest control methods and reaped quality
mango fruits fit for fresh consumption. In one of the buyer seller meets, Mr.T.V.Cholan
learnt the quality standards of mangoes for retailing fixed by one of the chain stores viz.,
M/s.Kannan departmental stores, Coimbatore who has 28 outlets in TamilNadu. As per the
requirement of M/s Kannan Departmental Stores, he harvested the matured Alphonso fruits
with stalks in the plastic crates for retailing. Mr. Cholan realized Rs.30/kg of fruits from the
chain retailer against Rs.20/kg of fruits in the local market for his quality fruits.
Though he earned 50 per cent extra price for his mangoes, Mr. Cholan appreciated
the inputs provided by the buyer, the M/s Kannan Departmental Stores, about the harvest
and handling of fruits meant for retailing. Then on, for the NAIP scheme, he has become one
of key spokes persons to explain the benefits of “Direct sale of fruits to retailers by the
farmers” to his fellow farmers.
SUCCESS STORY –III
Mr.S.Gnanavelu, a progressive farmer of guava, is a beneficiary
under NAIP scheme on “A value chain on mango and guava for
domestic and export market”. Being an enthusiastic lad,
Mr.S.Gnanavelu has shown keen interest and instrumental in forming
guava growers association i.e.,“Ayakudi koiya matrum pazahangal
urpathiyazhar sangam”. (Ayakudi guava and fruits producer
company). He had a great learning curve and imbibed all the latest technology and adopted
all Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in guava, as recommended by our team of scientists.
Having produced very good quality guava, he took initiative to export guavas to foreign
countries. Several attempts were made to bring in exporters of guava. Finally, M/s Fair
Exporter, Pollachi showed interest and willing to work together to export guavas to Middle
East.He in collaboration with M/s. Fair exporter, Pollachi, packed guavas in 5kg boxes.
While doing so, he also motivated more than 10 farmers in the project area to join together
and to supply the export quality guavas to the exporter. The effort made huge transformation
among the farmers to go for grading, improved packing which resulted in enhanced price to
the commodity.
SUCCESS STORY –IV
In South India, mango generally starts flowering from
December- January and yields from April to July during normal
rainfall years. If rainfall is excess, fruiting would be postponed by a
month or two. During on years, there will be a huge arrival of
mangoes from June to July leading to glut, resulting in slashed
price, leaving farmers with very low profit. The long felt need of the
farmers of Tamil Nadu is to produce mangoes in off-season in order
to fetch a rewarding profit. Hence, technology to induce off- flowers
either through cultural means or through chemicals was a request by the farmers.
A group of 25 farmers growing mango cv. Bangalora from Gurugapatti,
Pochampalli, Krishnagiri district under the NAIP scheme on “A value chain on mango and
guava for domestic and export markets” expressed willingness to go for off-season
mango production in order to fetch premium price. Among them V. Ramachandran is one
of the leading mango growers from Gurugapatti. He skipped regular flowering by
encouraging vegetative shoots in the season. Mango leaves were analysed for major
nutrients and those trees having > 2.5 per cent leaf nitrogen content were applied with the
recommended dose of fertilizers, between 1.4 to 2.4 per cent of leaf nitrogen were applied
with 200 per cent and <1.4 per cent were applied with 250 per cent of the recommended
dose of fertilizer. Besides, the trees were also irrigated copiously to induce vegetative
shoots.
During the month of March, he practised centre opening, and applied paclobutrazol
(i.e., 1.0-1.5g of active ingredients per sq.m) a flower inducing chemical, based on the size
and age of the mango trees. The treated trees started producing flower panicles from 90 days
after the application of paclobutrazol and continued upto 120 days. Flowering was observed
in the first week of July and extended upto August. The flowering percentage varied from 70
to 89 per cent.
Harvesting started in the last week of October and continued for two months. On an
average, one hectare can accommodate 200-250 mango trees. The individual tree yield
varied from 80 to 100kg/tree. By following this technique, he has harvested 20 tonnes of
fruits/ha and realized a profit of Rs.12 lakh/ha from off-season mangoes.
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE (Final)
(Period from April 2009 to March 2014)
Date of start: 01.03.2009 - (Date of completion : 31.03.2014
Sanction Letter No.F.No 1(5)/2007 – NAIP Dated: 26.03.2009
Total Sub-project Cost `443.7565 Lakh
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) `542.12 Lakh
Date of Commencement of Sub-project : March 2009 to March 2014
Duration: From 01.03.2009 to 31.03.2014
Funds Received in each year
I Year `23538760
II Year `8527059
III Year `5896039
IV Year `7197362
V Year `6422578
Bank Interest received on fund (if any) `175976.57/-
Total amount received` 5,15,81,798 /-
Total expenditure `46154158.29
Expenditure Head-wise:
Sanctioned Heads
Funds
Allocated
(*)
Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Total
Expenditure
Balance as
on date
Requirement
of additional
funds
Remarks
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year
A. Recurring Contingencies
23538760 8527059 5896039 7197362 6422578
386167.81
752842.55
(1) TA 15.50 288578 232822 279233 230618 236398 1267649
(2) Workshops 2.36 511638 207848 7292 34336 0.00 761114
(3) Contractual Services/RA/SRF 116.96 1429108 2224393 2672908 1955354 1927664 10209427
(4) Operation Cost 208.08 3683367 3445331 2781292 2188771 2972780.74 15071541.74
Sub-Total of A (1-4) 342.90 5912691 6110394 5740725 4409079 5136842.74 27309731.74
B. HRD Component
(5) Training 15.04 450767 279829 94647 0.00 0.00 825243
(6) Consultancy 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 15.04 450767 279829 94647 0.00 0.00 825243
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 147.68 12001368 2766222 69590 0.00 0.00 14837180
(8) Furniture 3.98 398400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 398400
(9) Works (new renovation) 10.0 1000512 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1000512
(10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.) 2.45 132089 112950 0.00 0.00 0.00 245039
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 164.11 13532369 2879172 69590 0.00 0.00 16481131
D. Institutional Charges* 20.06 263372 396090.55 247900 303164 327526 1538052.55
Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 542.12 23538760 8527059 5896039 7197362 6422578 20159199 9665485.55 6152862 4712243 5464368.74 46154158.29 386167.81 752842.55
* Institutional charges will be 10per cent of the recurring contingencies for the Lead Consortium and 5per cent for Consortia Partners.
Name & Signature of CPI : Dr. T. N. Balamohan Name & Signature of Competent Financial authority:
Date:__________ Date:_________
Signature, name and designation of Consortia Leader
ANNEXURE – 1
Table 1: Effect of fruit bagging
Class Allahabad Safeda
Guava
Class Kesar Mango
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
With
Bagging
With
Bagging
2009 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013
I (>250g) 10 18 I (>300g) 30 50 150 150
II(200g-
250g)
10 12 II(250g-
300g)
50 45 250 250
III (<200g) 20 10 III (<250g) 40 25 100 100
Total
Number of
Fruits
40 40 Total
Number
of Fruits
120 120 500 500
Table 2: Effect of fruit bagging on fruit quality
Particulars Allahabad Safeda
Guava
Kesar Mango
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
2009 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013
Bruised fruit 5 1 15 2 100 20
Bird/Insect Bite 8 0 5 0 50 0
Damage Free fruit 37 49 130 148 350 480
Total Number of fruits 50 50 150 150 500 500
Table 3: Effect of bagging on change in volume of fruits
Particulars Guava Percent
Change in
Volume(per
cent)
Mango Change in
Volume(per
cent)
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
Without
Bagging
With
Bagging
2009 2010 2010 2011
Average
Volume
(ml)
48 54 12.5 43 50 16.27
Table-4: Comparative Study of High Volume Fine Particle Power Sprayer against
Traditional Power Sprayers
Sl.No. Particulars Traditional
power sprayer
Tycoon
Sprayer
1. Quantity of Agro chemical spray
solution for 25 year old mango
plantation
2500 lit/ ha 2000 lit/ ha
2. Saving of Agrochemicals (per cent) per
ha.
- 20per cent
3. Time required for spray 8 hr/ha 7 hr /ha
4. Labour required 3 1
5. Coverage height of orchard with fine
spray
30 ft 40 ft
6. Tank Capacity 200 lit separate barrel Attached 400lit
7. Effectiveness Jet spray, Moderately
Effective
Fine spray, highly
effective
8. Power transmission from PTO Belt and Pulley
System
Universal Joint
Shaft System
9. Estimated cost including all accessories
( )
30000/- 1,30,000/-
10. Operating cost ( /hr) 155 190
Table 5: Effect of fruit harvesting tools on quality of Kesar mango
Particulars Kesar Mango
Traditional Vedi Improved Harvester
Fruit with pedicel 70 92
Fruit without pedicel 30 8
Fruit spil over during harvesting 15 2
Damaged Fruits (bruised/oozed) 32 10
No. of fruits per picking 5 8
Time for picking of 100 fruits 42 min. 39 min.
Table 6: Properties of Packaging Box for Kesar Mango designed by NAU, Navsari
Sr.
No. Attributes
Pack Size
2 kg 3 kg 5 kg 10 kg
1 Length (cm) 25 36 38 38
2 Breadth (cm) 19 23 23 24
3 Height (cm) 11 13 19 23
4 Volume (cm3) 5225 10764 16606 20976
5 No. of Holes 24 24 24 24
6 Type of Holes Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical
7 per cent of opening
in total surface area 13.01 21.64 19.57 22.50
8 No. of Ply 3 3 5 5
9 Compressive
Strength (kgf/cm2)
82 135 115 150
10 Stacking Height
(cm)
143
(13boxes)
182
(14 boxes)
418
(22 Boxes)
345
(15 Boxes)
11 Stacking Strength
(Kgf )
27.3 45 115 150
12 Bursting Strength
(kg/cm2)
6.9
7.7 8.7 7.8
13 Moisture per cent 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8
14 GMS (g/m2) 613.76
573.23 702.54 882.00
15 Weight of Empty
Box (gm)
238 414 330 500
16 Safety factor 3 3 1 1
Table 7.Comparative result of GCMS analysis.
Guava flavour tea extract Guava Leaf Extract
Most Probable Compounds per cent
Area
per cent
Area
Most Probable Compounds
Copaene or Alpha Cubebene 5.11 8.01 Copaene or Alpha Cubebene
Caryophyllene 26.75 55.30 Caryophyllene
Santolina Triene 5.72 7.98 Santolina Triene
Alpha Farnesene 6.43 Alpha Farnesene
1-Undecyne 9.30 Germacerene D
Caffeine 15.53
Farnesol 16.92
Unidentified peaks 20.67 --
11.78 Limonene
3.65 Z – Ocimene
1.23 (Z,E) – Delta – Farnesene
2.39 Beta Myrcene
2.07 Delta – Cadinene
1.16 Delta – Cedrene
Table- 8: Organoleptic evaluation of Roti made with mango kernel powder (Average
Score of 15 Panelist)
Treatments Taste Colour Aroma Texture Overall
acceptability
T1 =25 per cent Jowar + 75per cent Mango
kernel powder
3 3.4 2.8 3 3.05
T2 =50per cent Jowar + 50per cent Mango
kernel powder
2.4 2.6 3.2 3.2 2.85
T3 =75per cent Jowar + 25per cent Mango
kernel powder
2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.35
T4 =100 per cent Jowar 4 4 3.6 3.2 3.7
T6 = 25 per cent Wheat + 75per cent Mango
kernel powder
4.6 4.6 4 3.8 4.25
T5 =50 per cent Wheat + 50per cent Mango
kernel powder
2.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.25
T7=75 per cent Wheat + 25per cent Mango
kernel powder
4.2 4 3 3.6 3.7
T8=100per cent Wheat 3.2 3 3.8 4 3.5
T9 =100per cent Mango kernel powder 2.2 2.2 3 3.4 2.7
5= Like Very Much, 4=Like Slightly, 3=Neither Like Nor Dislike, 2=Dislike Slightly, 1=Dislike
Very Much
ANNEXURE – II
ANNEXURE – III
Mr. Prabhuram Mr. T. Sethupati
Bagged best mango farmer award from the DDG Horticulture, Lucknow
BOOKS
ANNEXURE – III
