A Trip Through History Georgia’s transportation systems and the economy Role of the citizen under...

A Trip Through HistoryA Trip Through History

Georgia’s Georgia’s transportation transportation

systems and the systems and the economyeconomy

Role of the citizen Role of the citizen under Georgia’s under Georgia’s

constitutionconstitution

Legislative Branch

Judicial BranchJudicial Branch

and juvenile and juvenile courtscourts

Executive Branch

Local Local GovernmentGovernment

Modern Civil Rights Movement

Social, Social, economic , and economic , and

political political developments in developments in

GAGA

The Modernization of Atlanta

The Modernization of AtlantaThe Modernization of Atlanta

Politicians & Sports

1940’s - 1970’s

The Modernization of AtlantaThe Modernization of Atlanta

PoliticiansPoliticians

William HartsfieldWilliam Hartsfield

Ivan Allen Jr.Ivan Allen Jr.

SportsSports

Atlanta BravesAtlanta Braves

Atlanta HawksAtlanta Hawks

Atlanta FalconsAtlanta Falcons

Atlanta ThrashersAtlanta Thrashers

PoliticiansPoliticiansWilliam HartsfieldWilliam Hartsfield

• William B. Hartsfield becomes Atlanta’s only 6-term mayor, William B. Hartsfield becomes Atlanta’s only 6-term mayor, 1937–621937–62 -convinces whites, African-Americans to work together -convinces whites, African-Americans to work together for progress ( for progress ( A city to busy to hateA city to busy to hate))

••Atlanta grows in population, size; is known for Atlanta grows in population, size; is known for “ “doing business”doing business”

••While councilman in 1920s, Hartsfield starts While councilman in 1920s, Hartsfield starts Atlanta’s airport (Atlanta’s airport (Hartsfield International AirportHartsfield International Airport) )

-supports Atlanta’s zoo; reforms police, fire -supports Atlanta’s zoo; reforms police, fire departments departments

PoliticiansPoliticiansIvan Allen, Jr.Ivan Allen, Jr. Served as Atlanta’s mayor after Hartsfield (1962-1970).Served as Atlanta’s mayor after Hartsfield (1962-1970).

Credited with keeping the city calm during the civil rightsCredited with keeping the city calm during the civil rights movement movement Took positive civil rights stand and worked with Martin Took positive civil rights stand and worked with Martin

Luther King (did away with Jim Crow signs in public facilities)Luther King (did away with Jim Crow signs in public facilities)

Only southern politician to speak in favor of Civil Rights Act Only southern politician to speak in favor of Civil Rights Act in 1964.in 1964.

Brought Braves, and professional football and basketball to the Brought Braves, and professional football and basketball to the city in the late 1960’s. city in the late 1960’s.

PoliticiansPoliticiansEllis ArnallEllis Arnall Served as GA governor from 1943-1947 (youngest governor at 35)Served as GA governor from 1943-1947 (youngest governor at 35)

During his tenure, GA paid off the State debt.During his tenure, GA paid off the State debt.

Served as GA Congressman and Attorney GeneralServed as GA Congressman and Attorney General

Restored University of GA accreditation after Talmadge caused it to Restored University of GA accreditation after Talmadge caused it to be lost.be lost.

Lowers voting age from 21 to 18; first state to do so

Arnall’s prison reform abolishes chain gangs, selling pardons

SportsSports

Georgia’s professional sports have brought increased Georgia’s professional sports have brought increased revenue to the state and remain a prime attraction for many revenue to the state and remain a prime attraction for many of the state’s local , national and international visitorsof the state’s local , national and international visitors

Atlanta BravesAtlanta Braves

•1st professional sports team located in the South1st professional sports team located in the South

•Hank AaronHank Aaron set the major league record for home runs in 1974 set the major league record for home runs in 1974 (broke last year by Barry Bonds)(broke last year by Barry Bonds)

•Owned by several different groups or families including Ted Turner Owned by several different groups or families including Ted Turner who owned the basketball and hockey teams.who owned the basketball and hockey teams.

•Won the world series in 1995.Won the world series in 1995.

•Had over 3 million attend their games in the 1990’sHad over 3 million attend their games in the 1990’s

SportsSportsAtlanta FalconsAtlanta Falcons

•Formed in 1965 and owned by Rankin Smith family (LifeFormed in 1965 and owned by Rankin Smith family (Life

Insurance)Insurance)

•Reached the play-offs three times and played in the Super Reached the play-offs three times and played in the Super

Bowl in 1998Bowl in 1998

•Today they are owned by the family who owns Today they are owned by the family who owns HomeHome

DepotDepot

SportsSports

Atlanta HawksAtlanta Hawks

•Moved to Atlanta in 1968

•Play in Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta

•Won the Central Division in 1980

•They are owned by the company that owns the building they play in- Atlanta Spirit

SportsSports

Atlanta ThrashersAtlanta Thrashers

• Came to Atlanta in 1999

•Like the Hawks, they are owned by the Atlanta Spirit Company

•Has brought a traditional northern sport to the south

Economic Role of SportsEconomic Role of Sports

•During the 1990’s when other economies in the U.S. During the 1990’s when other economies in the U.S. were experiencing hard times, Atlanta hosted two were experiencing hard times, Atlanta hosted two Super Bowls and the OlympicsSuper Bowls and the Olympics (this kept the economy (this kept the economy of GA healthy)of GA healthy)

Modern Civil Rights Modern Civil Rights MovementMovement

1940’s-1950’s1940’s-1950’s

1960’s-1970’s1960’s-1970’s

Modern Civil Rights MovementModern Civil Rights Movement

1940’s-1950’s1940’s-1950’s

Modern Civil Rights Movement Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940’s-1950’s1940’s-1950’s

From its founding in 1733 until 1865, Georgia, like many southern states depended on slavery for the economic stability.

Change came slow for the state with the 1940’s and 1950’s being a time of great social change.

The changes set the stage for the modern civil rights movement.

Modern Civil Rights MovementModern Civil Rights Movement1940’s-1950’s1940’s-1950’s

A Slow Beginning Herman Talmadge was the governor of GA from 1948-1951 and

also served as a 4 term U.S. Senator for GA.

He won the 1946 governors race in the Three Governor Episode

In the 1940’s and early 1950’s the schools were segregated according to race.

Herman, like his father did not support integration


End of the White Primary

The White Primary was a means of controlling black votes and assuring only whites would hold office in GA.

This cut blacks out of the political process.

It kept white-supremist in office and kept blacks unrepresented.

A Supreme Court decision struck down the white primary usage for Georgia in 1946.


Topeka Kansas Case in 1954

Landmark Supreme Court case over segregation

White citizens wanted schools to remain segregated.

Supreme Court ruled that schools must be integrated.

All GA schools would not be integrated until 1972

Case helped launch the Civil Rights movement

Brown v. Board of Education


Georgia Flag

1955- Democratic leader wanted new flag with

confederate battle flag symbols

1956- General Assembly changes flag

Seen as a sign that Georgia will continue to fight for old south ways

1879-19551879-1955

1956-20011956-2001


Benjamin Mays

Minister and president of Morehouse College

Where Martin Luther King Jr went

Emphasized – dignity for all humans– challenge segregation around them


Dr. Martin Luther King Leader of Civil Rights movement -Black soldiers who had defended their country came back to the same racial inequalities

-Gained momentum after the arrest of Rosa Parks

Wanted nonviolent protests -gained support in this manner-Marches and protests calling for equal rights for “all”

Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee April 4th 1968


1960’s-1970’s1960’s-1970’s


SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteesSNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committees- encouraged young people to join the fight for civil rights

- Freedom ridersFreedom riders rode on segregated buses- Sit-insSit-ins would include blacks asking for service

in white restaurants and businessesSibley CommissionSibley Commission -General Assembly committee on Schools

- gathered information of how people felt about desegregation *Whose rights were these organizations trying to protect protect?


University of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia Hamilton Holmes & Charlayne HunterHamilton Holmes & Charlayne Hunter were the first two African-were the first two African-

American to attend the University of Georgia in 1961. American to attend the University of Georgia in 1961.

Life was difficult for them on campus (riots and lack of acceptance)Life was difficult for them on campus (riots and lack of acceptance)

In 2001 the registration building on campus was renamed theIn 2001 the registration building on campus was renamed the Hunter-Hunter-Holmes BuildingHolmes Building

Holmes would become a surgeon and Hunter a correspondent with Holmes would become a surgeon and Hunter a correspondent with CNNCNN

*What culture’s What culture’s experience is somewhat experience is somewhat like this today in Adellike this today in Adel?

Mountains ex.Mountains ex.


Albany MovementAlbany Movement

Began as a movement to integrate Albany, GABegan as a movement to integrate Albany, GA

SNCC members, local volunteers, and Dr. King played a part in the SNCC members, local volunteers, and Dr. King played a part in the registration of black voters and fighting segregation in Albany.registration of black voters and fighting segregation in Albany.

March on WashingtonMarch on WashingtonSite of Dr. King’s “Site of Dr. King’s “I have a DreamI have a Dream” speech” speech Had the following goals:Had the following goals:

-Meaningful civil rights laws-Meaningful civil rights laws -Full & fair employment-Full & fair employment

-Federal works program-Federal works program -Decent housing & voting -Decent housing & voting rightsrights

-Adequate integrated education-Adequate integrated education

*How do you How do you

think King’s think King’s actions helped actions helped other minorities?other minorities?


Civil Rights ActCivil Rights Act Due to the work of civil rights movement, Due to the work of civil rights movement,

CCongress passed the ongress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964

-Made it illegal for public facilities segregate.-Made it illegal for public facilities segregate.

-Guaranteed equal voting rights-Guaranteed equal voting rights

-Banned any form of segregation from companies -Banned any form of segregation from companies that did business with the federal government that did business with the federal government

-Demanded integration of public schools-Demanded integration of public schools

In 1972 this was extended with the Equal Employment Opportunity In 1972 this was extended with the Equal Employment Opportunity

Act to protect women in the workplace.Act to protect women in the workplace.

*Who might be helped by these laws in the future


Maynard JacksonMaynard Jackson Atlanta’s mayor in 1973Atlanta’s mayor in 1973 Was the first African-American Was the first African-American

elected as mayor of a southern cityelected as mayor of a southern city Encouraged programs that increased the Encouraged programs that increased the

number of African-American in the city’s workforcenumber of African-American in the city’s workforce

Andrew YoungAndrew Young An aide to Martin Luther KingAn aide to Martin Luther King Elected as U.S. Representative Elected as U.S. Representative for Georgia (1for Georgia (1stst black since 1860) black since 1860) Later named by President Carter as an Later named by President Carter as an Ambassador to the United NationsAmbassador to the United Nations Elected as mayor after Jackson Elected as mayor after Jackson

*What does the election of these men tell us about race relations?What does the election of these men tell us about race relations?


Lester MaddoxLester Maddox Was a strong segregationist that refused to serve Was a strong segregationist that refused to serve

blacks in his restaurant (threatened them with blacks in his restaurant (threatened them with an axe handle)an axe handle)

Chose to close his business rather than serve blacksChose to close his business rather than serve blacks

Entered the political arena, eventually becoming the Entered the political arena, eventually becoming the governorgovernor

Despite his segregationist past, he appointed more Despite his segregationist past, he appointed more African-Americans to state offices than any governor before himAfrican-Americans to state offices than any governor before him

Later ran for Lt. Governor and won.Later ran for Lt. Governor and won.

*Why do you think Lester Maddox was friendly to blacks as the governor?Why do you think Lester Maddox was friendly to blacks as the governor?


Study guide—have them do before the quiz (see study guide chapter 19)

QuizQuiz1- He was Atlanta’s only 6 term mayor.2- He was the only southern politician to speak out in

favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.3- This Governor lowered the voting age from 21-18.4- He was the record setting home run king for the

Atlanta Braves.5- This man became the governor of Georgia in the

three governor episode.6- This supreme court decision reversed Plessey v.

Ferguson and forced public schools to integrate.7- He was the president of Morehouse college and

influenced the politics of student Martin Luther King Jr.

QuizQuiz8- This man gained national acclaim by leading the Montgomery

bus boycott.9- This group gathered information on how people felt about

integration.10- They were the first two African-Americans to attend the

University of Georgia.11- The March on Washington culminated with Martin Luther King

Jr.’s _____ speech.12- The passage of the _______ made it illegal for public facilities to

segregate.13- ______ was the first African-American elected as a mayor of a

southern city.14- ______ was elected as the first African-American U.S.

Representative from Georgia since the Reconstruction.15- ______ appointed more African-Americans to state offices than

any governor before him.

Social, Economic , and Social, Economic , and Political Developments in Political Developments in

GAGA

County Unit System DefeatedCounty Unit System DefeatedCounty Unit SystemCounty Unit System Was created to decrease the voting power of the populated citiesWas created to decrease the voting power of the populated cities

in favor of the rural areas.in favor of the rural areas.

Hurt the black vote which was located primarily Hurt the black vote which was located primarily

in the citiesin the cities

Replaced with the Replaced with the one-man-one-vote one-man-one-vote system.system.

The Supreme court also demanded The Supreme court also demanded ReapportionmentReapportionment – –(reorganization) of the district lines to better represent the (reorganization) of the district lines to better represent the population (helped blacks gain 10 legislators).population (helped blacks gain 10 legislators).

Two Party SystemTwo Party System

GA had primarily been controlled by the Democratic party. It was like a one-party system.

One party system- allows only one political party to have power

Democrats began getting outvoted with changing of county unit system

blacks in the city begin making changes with voting power

White Supremacy Equality

James Earl CarterJames Earl Carter

Born in Plains GeorgiaServed 7 years in the NavyWon Senator in 1962 and 1964Won Governor in 1970

combined 300 state agencies to just 30 gave all schools equal funds protected environment and historical sites appointed offices by performance including more colored and women

Jimmy Carter: PresidentJimmy Carter: President

Won election in 1976 Signed and negotiated peace treaties Makes and signs Treaty of Panama

Canal Calmed the cold war with Soviet Union Helped U.S. relations with China Cut aid to countries violating Human

Rights

Carter’s ProblemsCarter’s ProblemsIranian Hostage Crisis 1979Iranian Hostage Crisis 1979

– Carter allows removed head of Iran to see U.S. doctor– Angry Iranians take American Hostages– First rescue attempt failed

Carter looks bad for this

– Hostages released 1 day after Carter leaves office– Hostages held for 444 days

Price of OilPrice of Oil– Causes prices of other goods to increase– Leads to high unemployment

Carter loses re-electionCarter loses re-election

Jimmy Carter: the later yearsJimmy Carter: the later years

Works to improve quality of lifeWorks for human rightsBuilder for Habitat for Humanity

Winner of

Presidential Medal of FreedomPresidential Medal of Freedom

and the Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace Prize

ImmigrationImmigration

People moving into Georgia 1970- International businesses move to Atlanta Most Immigrants are in farming, or carpet mills

– Some work at international companies

Fill in when not enough local workers

Spend money at local businesses

Refresher!Refresher!

1. Which branch of the armed forces did Jimmy Carter serve?

a. Army c. Air Forceb. Navy d. Marines

2. What was the Jimmy Carter’s biggest problem?a. Iranian Hostage Crisisb. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistanc. High prices of foreign oild. Decreasing aid to foreign countries

3.Which award did President Carter Receive for finding peaceful solutions around the world?a. Walter Mondale Peace Prize

b. United Nations Service Award

c. Nobel Peace Prize

d. Grammy Award

Georgia’s Georgia’s ConstitutionConstitution

&&

thethe

Role of the Citizen Role of the Citizen

Georgia’s ConstitutionGeorgia’s ConstitutionGeorgia’s ConstitutionGeorgia’s Constitution The state constitution is the highest body of laws in the state.The state constitution is the highest body of laws in the state. GA has had 10 rewritten state constitutions. The 1GA has had 10 rewritten state constitutions. The 1stst was written in was written in

1777 and the last in 1983.1777 and the last in 1983. Based on the Based on the U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution with a bill of Rights (limit govt. with a bill of Rights (limit govt.

powers) with elections by popular sovereignty(vote for leader). powers) with elections by popular sovereignty(vote for leader).

Georgia’s ConstitutionGeorgia’s ConstitutionSeparation of PowersSeparation of Powers Divides power between three branches (Legislative, Executive Divides power between three branches (Legislative, Executive

and Judicial)and Judicial) Each has their own specific powers (make laws, enforce laws, Each has their own specific powers (make laws, enforce laws,

interpret laws) interpret laws)

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances Each branch has the power to “check” or control the other Each branch has the power to “check” or control the other

branches so they do not become too powerful.branches so they do not become too powerful.

Role of the CitizenRole of the Citizen Rights & Responsibilities of the CitizensRights & Responsibilities of the Citizens

Citizens rights are stated in the GA Constitution (Article 1)Citizens rights are stated in the GA Constitution (Article 1)

The The responsibilities of the citizenship responsibilities of the citizenship include:include:

--obeying lawsobeying laws

--votingvoting

--serving on juryserving on jury

--expressing public opinionexpressing public opinion

Role of the CitizenRole of the CitizenVoting RequirementsVoting Requirements Voting is a citizen’s means of expressing their opinion.Voting is a citizen’s means of expressing their opinion. To be able to vote a citizen must:To be able to vote a citizen must:

-Register to vote-Register to vote

-Be at least 18yrs. old-Be at least 18yrs. old

-Be a citizen of the United States-Be a citizen of the United States

-Legal resident of GA -Legal resident of GA (and county in which they vote)(and county in which they vote)

-Non felony based prisoner-Non felony based prisoner

-Not court ordered mentally incompetent-Not court ordered mentally incompetent

Role of Political Parties in GARole of Political Parties in GA The two dominant political parties in GA are the The two dominant political parties in GA are the Republican Republican

PartyParty and the and the Democratic PartyDemocratic Party.. Political partiesPolitical parties

* nominate candidates for office* nominate candidates for office

* establish party platforms (programs * establish party platforms (programs

& policies they support)& policies they support)

• The The Democratic PartyDemocratic Party dominated GA politics for over 100yrs. dominated GA politics for over 100yrs.

• The current Governor, Lt. Governor and The current Governor, Lt. Governor and

most of its legislators are Republicansmost of its legislators are Republicans

QuizQuiz1- This Governor lowered the voting age from 21-18.

2- This man became the governor of Georgia in the three governor episode.

3- This Supreme Court decision reversed Plessey v. Ferguson and forced public schools to integrate.

4- This man gained national acclaim by leading the Montgomery bus boycott.

5- This group gathered information on how people felt about integration.

QuizQuiz

6- The passage of the _______ made it illegal for public facilities to segregate.

7- The ______ was replaced with the one-man-one-vote system.

8- This President lost reelection due to the Iranian hostage crisis, the high price of oil, and high unemployment.

9- The Georgia constitution is based on the _______.

10- In order to vote a citizen must be at least ____yrs. old.

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