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A. The sequence of the appearance of different groups B. The common ancestry of various groups C. The geographical regions where groups lived D. The future appearance of the groups 1. One of the ways that scientists can trace the ancestry of animals is through the fossil record. What can scientists NOT tell from their studies of the fossil record? Bellwork: Write the whole question and just your answer. order Slide 2 Todays WHAT: I will categorize organisms into kingdoms based on similarities. Todays HOW: I will read about the kingdoms. I will fill in a chart. I will complete a lab with my lab group. Slide 3 Lets look at our bacterial growths! What DOMAIN are these bacteria from? How do you know? What could we do to get rid of some of the bacteria around our room? Is bacteria good for us? Slide 4 3 Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista Slide 5 Biological Kingdoms An introduction to the six kingdoms of living things Slide 6 Some words to know Unicellular: made of one cell Multicellular: made of two or more cells Autotroph: able to produce its own food Heterotroph: obtains nutrients from its environment or other organisms Slide 7 What do you think this is? Slide 8 Domain Bacteria Slide 9 Organisms in the Eubacteria kingdom are unicellular prokaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have a membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Eubacteria are found in all habitats. The cell walls of Eubacteria contain the chemical peptidoglycan. Some eubacteria remain independent as single cells and other group into colonies. Eubacteria reproduce asexually through cell division. Some eubacteria are autotrophic, making their own food, and others are heterotrophic, taking in nutrients from their environment. Eubacteria can cause various diseases, from strep throat to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but they can also be very helpful. Lactobacillus is used to help make foods like cheese and yogurt, and is also present in the human digestive system. Decomposing organic matter and cycling nitrogen are also important functions of eubacteria. Slide 10 Happy Hump Day! Bellwork: Collect the Kingdom notes and get ready to fill in the next paragraph. Tonights Homework: Protists by Bozeman Science Complete the worksheet you picked up on the way in. You WILL have another homework quiz tomorrow in class. Slide 11 LABEL THIS!!! Slide 12 Bacterial Conjugation Slide 13 Domain Archaea Slide 14 Organisms in the Archaebacteria kingdom are unicellular prokaryotes. They have no membrane bound nucleus or organelles in their single celled bodies. Archaebacteria are similar in size and shape to eubacteria. The cell walls of archaebacteria are different from both eubacteria and eukaryotes because they do not contain the chemical peptidoglycan. Like eubacteria, archaebacteria reproduce asexually through cell division. They can also be autotrophic, making their own food, or heterotrophic, obtaining food from their environment, just like eubacteria. Some archaebacteria are extremeophiles, living in extreme environments such as in hot springs, extremely acidic environments, polar seas, and even in extremely salty water. Slide 15 Fill in the chart using the information from your notes. After that, enhance your chart using the following colors: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote: Color eukaryotic boxes blue Color prokaryotic boxes yellow. Unicellular vs Multicellular: Color unicellular boxes purple Color multicellular boxes orange Color the both boxes half purple and half orange. Autotroph or Heterotroph: Color heterotrophic boxes red Color autotrophic boxes green Color the both boxes half red and half green. Cell Wall: Color the yes boxes grey Color the no boxes light blue Color the both boxes half grey and half light blue. Slide 16 Mix-Freeze-Group & Bacterial Examples Slide 17 Mix-Freeze-Group I am an organism that depends on other organisms or my environment for nutrients. I live in thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. I am an organism that is able to produce its own food. I cause common diseases, like strep throat. ArchaebacteriaEubacteria Autotroph Heterotroph Slide 18 Happy Hump Day! Bellwork: Collect the Kingdom notes and get ready to fill in the next paragraph. Tonights Homework: Protists by Bozeman Science Complete the worksheet you picked up on the way in. You WILL have another homework quiz tomorrow in class. Slide 19 Todays WHAT: I will analyze the characteristics of fungi. I will categorize organisms. Todays HOW: I will read a paragraph and fill in my Kingdom chart. I will dissect a mushroom and answer lab questions. Slide 20 Domain Eukaryota Kingdom fungi Slide 21 Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes such organisms as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Many fungi are multicellular, but some are unicellular, such as yeast. Some differences between fungi and other eukaryotes are at the cellular level. Fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike plant cell walls which contain cellulose. Another difference between plant cells and fungal cells is that fungal cells lack chloroplasts, so most fungi are heterotrophs. They take in nutrients by absorbing them from their environment. Fungi reproduction is complex. Many fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually at different stages in their life cycles. Fungal reproduction often involves the production and dispersal of spores. Fungi can be both harmful and helpful. Some fungi grow in or on plants or animals causing disease, such as Dutch Elm Disease or Ringworm. Other fungi, such as the mold that the antibiotic penicillin is made from, can help organisms by killing bacteria. Slide 22 The Faces of Fungi Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Mycorrhizae Slide 26 Domain Eukaryota Slide 27 Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. They do not have much in common except that they are relatively simple eukaryotes. They are either unicellular or multicellular without reaching the specialized tissue level of organization. Protists include organisms such as algae, amoebae, protozoans, euglena, and slime molds. Protists live in almost any environment that contains liquid water. Some protists, such as algae, are photosynthetic, so they are autotrophs. Other protists are heterotrophs, obtaining nutrients from their environment. Amoebae engulf, or take into their membrane, other cells. This process is called phagocytosis. Most protists reproduce asexually, through a form of cell division. Other protists engage in a form of sexual reproduction. Some protists are responsible for diseases such as malaria in humans and potato blight in potato plants. Research scientists are experimenting with ways to use protists to wipe out fire ants and other pests. Slide 28 Mushroom Dissection Your Task: To dissect your mushroom and examine the parts of this type of fungus You will need to complete the lab report. You are turning it in! Remember our Lab CHAMPs. Be safe, respectful, and work hard! Slide 29 HAPPY MONDAY!!! Bellwork: match the following to its correct Kingdom. (They are on the board and only write the answer.) 1. Im a unicellular organism that does not contain a nucleus. I also love living in extreme environments. 2. I can be both heterotrophic and autotrophic AND I do contain a nucleus. 3. Examples of organisms in my kingdom are flowers, cactus, trees, and grass. NOT MUSHROOMS! 4. Im a very small organism that has a cell wall made up of peptigoglycan. 5. I lack cholorplast, so I dont have green leaves. But my cell wall is made up of chitin. 6. In my kingdom, there are many different types of fish. Slide 30 CO: I will categorize organism into kingdoms based on similarities. LO: I will read about organisms and look at pictures. I will sort them into kingdoms and write why I did. Slide 31 Slide 32 Kingdoms Slide 33 Happy Tuesday! Tonights Homework: Six Kingdoms of Classification by Mark Drollinger You have 5 minutes to complete the Kingdom Cut and Paste from Yesterday. You WILL have another homework quiz tomorrow in class. Slide 34 Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Slide 35 Animals are a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. The word animal comes from the Latin word animalis meaning having breath. Animals are different from other eukaryotes in a number of ways. First, animal cells lack the rigid cell wall that plants, fungi, and algae have. Second, animals are heterotrophic, meaning that they must ingest other organisms in order to survive. Heterotrophs are the consumers in the food chain. Third, all animals are motile, or able to move, at least during one stage of their life cycle. Nearly all animals undergo some form of sexual reproduction, where specialized sex cells form and fuse together to form zygotes, which develop into individuals. Some animals are also capable of asexual reproduction, through budding or forms of cloning. Slide 36 The Kingdom Animalia is divided into approximately 40 Phyla including Phylum Chordata, which includes all the vertebrate animals, or animals with a backbone and spinal column. Humans, as well as fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and other mammals, belong to the Phylum Chordata. Other phyla include Phylum Arthropoda, to which crabs, spiders, and insects belong; and Phylum Nematoda, which are the roundworms. Slide 37 Domain Eukaryota Slide 38 Kingdom Plantae Organisms from the Kingdom Plantae are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Plants have characteristics that make them different from other eukaryotic organisms. One of the main differences is that they are autotrophic, meaning they are able to make their own food using simple inorganic substances. They do this through a process known as photosynthesis, in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of a plant cell. Plants are multicellular and, unlike animals, their cells have rigid cell walls made from cellulose. Some species of plants reproduce sexually and some reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction, such as budding, an exact copy of the parent is produced. Plant sexual reproduction can be assisted by animals, as is the case with flowers and honeybees. As the bees go from flower to flower collecting nectar, they carry pollen, plant sex cells, with them and pollinate other plants. Pollination is the first step in plant sexual reproduction. Slide 39 The Kingdom Plantae is divided into 11 Phyla. Phylum Coniferophyta are cone producing plants. Most of the Conifers are evergreens like pines and firs. Phylum Anthophyta are flowering, seed producing plants. They are a very diverse group and include organisms such as strawberry plants, palm trees, and water lilies. Phylum Bryophyta are mosses- small, soft plants that dont have flowers or seeds. They absorb water and nutrients through their leaves. Plants are a very diverse group! Slide 40 TODAYS TO-DO LIST Pre Lab Questions: Must answer and show me before moving to next section. Cells: MUST look at 2 slides! Look at four if time allows. Post Lab Questions: Questions are due by the end of the class. Kingdom Cut and Paste: Must be turned in before you leave today. If finished with slides, then work on this. Slide 41 Bellwork: Enhance your chart using the following colors: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote: Color eukaryotic boxes blue Color prokaryotic boxes yellow. Unicellular vs Multicellular: Color unicellular boxes purple Color multicellular boxes orange Color the both boxes half purple and half orange. Autotroph or Heterotroph: Color heterotrophic boxes red Color autotrophic boxes green Color the both boxes half red and half green. Cell Wall: Color the yes boxes grey Color the no boxes light blue Color the both boxes half grey and half light blue. Slide 42 Slide 43 KingdomEubacteriaArchaebacteriaFungiProtistaPlantaeAnimalia Cell Type? (Prokaryote or Eukaryote) Unicellular or Multicelluar? Autotroph or Heterotroph? Cell Wall? Example Slide 44 The End