A taxonomic revision of some previously described species of monogenoideans found on Indian...
Transcript of A taxonomic revision of some previously described species of monogenoideans found on Indian...
REVIEW ARTICLE
A taxonomic revision of some previously described speciesof monogenoideans found on Indian Siluriform fishes
Priyanka Tripathi • Nirupama Agrawal
Received: 1 April 2013 / Accepted: 10 September 2013
� Indian Society for Parasitology 2013
Abstract A Taxonomic revision of. Bychowskyella bag-
ariusi Sharma, 1983 and Bychowskyella singhi Rajeshwari
& Kulkarni, 1983 Jain, 1952 found on Indian Siluriform
fishes is being done in the present work. These species
were considered as species inquirenda or nomen nudum,
(Lim et al. Syst Parasitol 50:159–197, 2001) and thus, their
taxonomical clarification was required Among them, B.
bagariusi Sharma, 1983 from Bagarius bagarius (Hamil-
ton) is considered as valid and B. singhi Rajeshwari &
Kulkarni, 1983 from Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider),
belongs to the genus Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952.
Keywords Bychowskyella � Status � Wallago attu �Misidentification � Revision
Introduction
The genus Bychowskyella Achmerov (1952) (syns: Sil-
onditrema Tripathi; Sprostonia Jain; Neosprostonia Jain;
Clariotrema Long; Neobychowskyella Ma, Wang & Li)
was established by Achmerov (1952) with Bychowskyella
pseudobagri Achmerov, 1952 as its type species from ba-
grid fishes of the Amur-Chinese region of China. To date,
this genus comprises 32 species, reported from South East
Asia, parasitizing 28 catfish species of 15 general Lim et al.
(2001). Among these, 22 species have been reported from
India; infesting cat-fishes of the families: Clariidae, Silu-
ridae & Sisoridae of the order Siluriformes.
During the present investigation on monogenoidean
parasites of Indian Siluriforme fishes, it was understood
that diagnosis of some previously described species of
Bychowskyella is incomplete, as it is primarily based on
illustration of hard parts alone. Some were misidentified at
generic and specific level based on minor morphological
variations, demanding further examination of type speci-
mens. Also, in almost all the cases, the type-material was
either in poor condition or not available. In addition, (Lim
et al. 2001), in their exhaustive review of monogenoidean
parasites of siluriform fishes from Old World, considered
only 17 Indian species of Bychowskyella as valid and five
species either species inquirenda or nomen nudum
(Table 1). This paper reviews the taxonomy of Indian
species of Bychowskyella. The genus Bychowskyella is
characterized by the presence of three pairs of hooks with
dilated proximal handles (henceforth referred to as large
hooks) others of larval types (henceforth referred to as
small hooks) and two additional rodlike sclerites one on
either side of dorsal anchors; two dorsal anchors without
roots, stout base, long shaft, long recurved patches; two
ventral anchor without roots, with stout base, dorsal con-
nective bar almost straight, fenestrated in middle and,
ventral bar paired (Lim et al. 2001).
Materials and methods
The hosts fishes were collected from Gomti River, Luc-
know and adjoining areas. The worms, collected from gills,
were studied mostly live under a phase contrast microscope
or after being fixed in 3 % formalin diluted with lukewarm
water. The methods of staining, mounting, and illustrating
P. Tripathi (&) � N. Agrawal
Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow
226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
e-mail: [email protected]
N. Agrawal
e-mail: [email protected]
123
J Parasit Dis
DOI 10.1007/s12639-013-0359-5
the dactylogyrids were based on Kritsky et al. (1986).
Measurements were taken using a calibrated micrometer,
and are given in micrometers (lm) with the mean followed
by the range and the number (n) of specimens measured in
parentheses. Unstained, unflattened specimens were used to
obtain the measurements of the internal organs (pharynx
and gonads), the body and the haptoral sclerites. Illustra-
tions were prepared with the aid of a camera lucida
attached to a phase-contrast microscope. Host name fol-
lows FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2007).
Voucher specimens were deposited in the ZSI, Kolkata.
Results
Class Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937
Order: Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1937
Fam: Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933
Genus: Bychowskyella Achmerov, 1952
Species: Bychowskyella bagariusi Sharma, 1983
(Figs. 1, 2–8b)
Table 1 List of Indian species of the genus Bychowskyella (Lim
et al. 2001)
Indian species of the genus
Bychowskyella
Status Hosts
B. asiatica (Jain, 1959) Gusev, 1961 Valid Ompok pabda (Ham.
1822)
B. wallagonia (Jain, 1959) Gusev,
1961
Valid Wallago attu (Bl.&
Sch., 1801)
B. gomtia (Jain, 1959) Gusev, 1961 Valid Eutropiicthyes vacha
(Ham. 1822)
B. indica (Jain, 1959) Gusev 1961 Valid Eutropiicthyes vacha
(Ham. 1822)
Syn: B.garuai (Agrawal &Singh,
1982) Agrawal & Sharma, 1990
Clupisoma.garua
(Ham. 1822)
B. gharui (Tripathi, 1959) Gusev,
1961
Valid Lupisoma.garua
(Ham. 1822)
Syn: B. gussevi Majumdar &
Agarwal, 1989
Clupisoma.garua
(Ham. 1822)
B. vacha (Tripathi, 1959) Gusev,
1961
Valid E. vacha (Ham.
1822)
Syn: B. lucknowensis Agrawal &
Sharma, 1990
– E. vacha (Ham.
1822)
B. cauveryi (Tripathi, 1959) Gusev,
1961
Valid Silonia silondia
(Ham. 1822)
B. bychowskii Gusev, 1977 Valid Pseudotropius
takree
B. caballeroi Gusev, 1977 Valid C.garua (Ham. 1822)
B. chauhani Venkatanarsaiah, 1989 Valid W. attu (Bl.& Sch.,
1801)
B. raipurensis Majumdar & Agarwal,
1989
Valid Rita-rita (Ham.
1822)
B. pricei Majumdar & Agarwal, 1989 Valid C. garua (Ham.
1822)
B. fossilisi Majumdar & Agarwal,
1989
Valid Heteropneustes
fossilis (Bloch,
1794)
B. kanpurensis Agrawal, Shukla &
Vishwakarma,1996
Valid Ompok bimaculatus
(Bloch, 1794)
B. jaini Agrawal, Shukla &
Vishwakarma,1996
Valid C. garua (Ham.
1822)
B. tchangi Gusev, 1976 Valid Clarius batrachus
B. tripathii Kumar & Agrawal, 1981
[originaly ntioned as Silonditrema
tripathai Kumar & Agrawal,
1977 nomen nudum]
Valid W. attu (Bl.& Sch.,
1801)
B. bagariusi Sharma, 1987 Sp.Inq. Bagarius bagarius
(Ham., 1822)
B. singhi Rajeshwari & Kulkarni,
1983
Sp.Inq. W. attu (Bl.& Sch.,
1801)
Silonditrema kanpurensis Gupta &
Sachdeva, 1986
Sp.Inq. Mystus tengara
(Ham. 1822)
Silonditrema ritai Gupta, 1986 Sp.Inq. Rita-rita (Ham.
1822)
Neosprostonia garuai Agrawal &
Singh, 1982
Sp.
Inq.
C. garua (Ham.
1822)
Fig. 1 Bychowskyella bagariusi Sharma, 1987 (ventral view)
J Parasit Dis
123
Previous host record and locality: Host: The Devil cat-
fish or dwarf goonch, Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) (Si-
luriformes: siluridae), Locality: River Yamuna, Etawah,
U.P., India.
Infection site: Gills.
Present host record, additional locality & collection
dates: Host: Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton), Locality; River
Sharda,
Lakhimpur Khiri, India (27�50 83–28�60^N; 80�340–81�300E)
River Gomti, Lucknow, India (26�450 84–27�N;80�500
85–81�050E)
Number of parasite specimens examined: 10
Specimens deposited: Voucher specimens W9370/1,
W9376/1-W9378/1 in ZSI, Kolkata.
Redescription: Body length370 (350–380; n = 10);
maximum width 120 (110–125; n = 10) at mid-length of
body. Cephalic region well developed; four cephalic lobes.
Two pairs of eye spots, posterior pair larger, accessory
granules absent. Pharynx spherical, 22 (20–25; n = 10) in
diameter; oesophagus short to non-existent.
Testis 30 (25–35; n = 8) long, 12 (10–14; n = 8) wide;
vas deferens loops left intestinal caecum; two seminal
vesicle, a sigmoid dilation of vas deferens, present. Two
Prostatic reservoirs present. Copulatory complex consists
of a copulatory tube, proximally articulating accessory
piece. Copulatory tube sclerotised, 45(40–47; n = 10)
long. Accessory piece, divided into two pieces, 60(55–65;
n = 10) long. Ovary round to oval, long, intercaecal; ovi-
duct, ootype, uterus not observed. Seminal receptacle,
vaginal armament not observed. Vitellaria dense,
throughout trunk, except in regions of reproductive organs.
Haptor 120 (110–125; n = 10) long, 140 (135–145;
n = 10) wide. Dorsal anchor, inner length 60 (55–65;
Figs. 2–8b Bychowskyella
bagariusi Sharma, 1987. 2Dorsal anchor. 3 Patch. 4Ventral anchor.5 Ventral bar. 6Dorsal bar. 7 Hooks. 8Onchium. 8a Sclerite. 8bCopulatory complex
J Parasit Dis
123
n = 10), recurved point 22 (20–25; n = 10) long, Patch 50
(46–54; n = 10), Ventral anchor: inner length 34 (30–36;
n = 10), recurved point 22 (20–25; n = 10) long, outer and
root having facets. Dorsal connective bar fenestrated 72.
(70–75; n = 10) long, Ventral bar, 57 (55–58; n = 10)
long. Serrated onchium, 30(28–32; n = 10) long. Sclerite,
35 (32–36; n = 10) long. Seven pairs hooks. Three pairs
with dilated proximal handles, others are of larval type
with dimensions as follows-: pair 2, 6, 5 and 7 larval types:
10 long, pairs 1 and 4:50 long; pair 3:38 long.
Remarks: Bychowskyella bagariusi was described by
Sharma (1983) from river Yamuna at Etawah, Uttar Pradesh
from the gills of Bagarius bagarius. Lim et al. (2001) con-
sidered it as species inquirenda. Our collection and study of
specimens from the type host, revealed it to be a valid spe-
cies. In the present specimens, the outer and inner root of
ventral anchor, having small facets has been recorded for the
first time. The patches on dorsal anchors were wrongly
designated as accessory bars. The intestinal caeca were
confluent. Sharma (1983) recorded only six pairs of hooks
instead of seven in the specimens. Serrations on onchium, a
unique feature, was not recorded earlier in the species.
Complicated structure of accessory piece of copulatory
organ is also well illustrated in the present study.
Class Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937
Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1937
Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933
Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952.
Thaparocleidus indicus (Kulkarni 1969) Lim, 1996.
Syn.: Bychowskyella singhi Rajeshwari and Kulkarni,
1983. (Figs. 9, 10–16).
Previous record and locality: Padhan, Wallago attu
(Bloch & Schneider). (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from.
Hyderabad.
Infection site: Gills.
Present record and locality: W. attu (Bloch & Schnei-
der), river Gomti, Lucknow, India (26�450 84–.
27�N;80�500 85–81�050E).
Number of specimens examined: 15.
Specimens deposited: Voucher specimens W9371/1,
W9379/1 & W9380/1 in ZSI, Kolkata.
Redescription: Body 1,000 (990–1010; n = 10) long;
maximum width 120 (110–125; n = 10) at mid-length.
Cephalic region well developed; four cephalic lobes. Two
pairs of eye spots, posterior pair larger, accessory granules
absent. Pharynx spherical, 22 (20–24; n = 10) in diameter;
oesophagus short to non-existent. Testis 60 (58–62; n = 8)
long, 45 (42–47; n = 8) wide; vas deferens loops left
intestinal caecum; seminal vesicle a sigmoid dilation of vas
deferens. Prostatic reservoir (s) not observed. Copulatory
complex consists of a ‘spicule-like’ copulatory tube and
proximally articulating ‘spicule- like’ accessory piece.
Copulatory tube sclerotised, 58 (5560; n = 13) long.
Accessory piece, 61 (58–62; n = 13) long. Ovary round to
oval, long, intercaecal; oviduct, ootype, uterus not
observed. Seminal receptacle not observed. Vaginal
armament 35 (33–36; n = 5). Vitellaria dense, throughout
trunk, except absent in regions of reproductive organs.
Haptor 75 (72–77; n = 10) long, 125 (122–127;
n = 10) wide. Dorsal anchor: outer length 45 (43–46;
n = 10) Dorsal anchor: inner length 35 (33–36; n = 10),
recurved point 15 (13–16; n = 10) long, Patch 11 (8–13;
n = 10), Ventral anchor: inner length 30 (26–33; n = 15),
recurved point 14 (12–16; n = 10) long, Ventral anchor:
outer length 40 (35–45; n = 10). Dorsal connective bar,
transverse shaft like, lacking a fenestration, 43 (40–45;
n = 14) long, Ventral bar, ‘‘V- shaped’’, 25 (22–27;
n = 13) long, Seven pairs of similar shape and size 14
(12–16; n = 10) hooks.
Remarks: Bychowskyella singhi was described by Ra-
jeshwari and Kulkarni (1983) from the gills of W. attu at
Hyderabad. Lim et al. (2001) considered it as species in-
quirenda. We have collected this species on the type host,
from an additional locality and studied in detail. We com-
pared our specimens with the original descriptions as the
types were not available for study (not deposited by earlier
Fig. 9 Thaparocleidus indicus Kulkarni, 1969 (ventral view)
J Parasit Dis
123
workers). The present study revealed it to be a species of
Thaparocleidus (as pointed out by Lim 2001) because the
dorsal bar of B. singhi, lacked central fenestration (a generic
feature of Bychowskyella); patches on dorsal anchors are
long and recurved in Bychoskyella, while those of B. singhi
are very small; 1st, 3rd and 4th hooks are with dilated
proximal handles and 2nd, 6th, 5th and 7th are of larval type
in Bychowskyella while in B. singhi, all hooks are of variable
shapes and sizes (a character of the genus Thaparocleidus.)
Present study has, therefore, revealed it to be Thaparocleidus
indicus (Kulkarni 1969) Lim, 1996, owing to the ‘spicule-
like’ copulatory complex, ‘V-shaped’ ventral bar, and ‘shaft-
like’ dorsal connective bar.
Discussion
Misidentification and misinterpretation of monogenetic
parasites often creates problems in their taxonomy leading to
incorrect phylogenies. Owing to the confusion prevailing in
India regarding these parasites, where types have almost
never been, properly deposited or made available to taxon-
omists, problems like this needs to be focused upon. Thus, for
correct evolutionary studies, proper identification and
authenticity of these parasites is of utmost importance. By-
chowskyella species possesses three pairs of large hooks and
four pairs of small hooks and two additional rod-like sclerites
one on either side of dorsal anchors (Lim et al. 2001). Genus
Bychowskyella Achmerov, 1952 has 17 valid species as lis-
ted by Lim 2001 in India. Based on present study, B. baga-
riusi is valid and B. singhi Rajeshwari & Kulkarni 1983
belongs to the genus Thaparocleidus Jain 1952.
Acknowledgments The work was supported by grant (No C.S.T./
AAS/D-03) from the Council of State & Technology, U.P.
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