A Synthesis of Highway Practice
-
Upload
lucius-weaver -
Category
Documents
-
view
21 -
download
1
description
Transcript of A Synthesis of Highway Practice
![Page 1: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Synthesi
s of Highway Practice
Preliminary Results Presentation
Value EngineeringApplications in Transportation
David C. Wilson, P.Eng., CVS2004 Government VM Conference Montreal, QC
![Page 2: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This Presentation…This Presentation…
Five Aspects:
• VE in Transportation – History Lesson
• Study Objectives
• Survey Approach and Literature Review
• Key Observations • Future Directions and Needs
![Page 3: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History LessonHistory Lesson
1940’s – VE development in manufacturing1950’s – US Government (Bureau of Ships)1960’s – Incentives in construction contracts1970’s
– 1970, Federal-aid Highway Act required VE– 1973, FHWA appointed VE Coordinator; encourages VE
– 1975, FHWA/NHI VE training program initiated
1980’s – AASHTO recognizes VE; Guidelines
![Page 4: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History LessonHistory Lesson
1990’s– 1991, ISTEA permitted FHWA to revisit VE
requirement (encourage vs. require)– 1993, OMB Circular A-131 VE requirement– 1995, National Highway Designation Act
$25M threshold on federal-aid NHS projects
– 1997, FHWA Regulation 23 CFR Part 627 response– 1999, AASHTO Guidelines revised
2000’s– 2002, Final ruling on D/B VE requirements
![Page 5: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History LessonHistory Lesson
NCHRP 78 (1981)– VE primarily on standards and specifications– Few DOT’s active at the time– DOT VE Pioneers
California – 1969 Idaho and Virginia – 1973 Minnesota – 1975Florida – 1976 New Mexico – 1977 Oregon and Pennsylvania - 1979
![Page 6: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NCHRP 35-04 Study Objectives/ApproachNCHRP 35-04 Study Objectives/Approach
Summarize current practices/programsFocus
– Policies, guidelines, project selection– Education and awareness– Applications– Implementation– Monitoring– Future Needs
Approach– Extensive DOT survey– Literature Review
![Page 7: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SurveySurvey
46 question survey developedDistribution
– NCHRP sent survey to 52 DOTs in United States– TAC sent survey to Canadian DOTs and Cities– Toll Authorities not included– Federal Lands recently received survey
Response– 37 US DOTs; 4 Canadian DOT’s– 3 Cities (New York; Ottawa; Winnipeg)
![Page 8: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SurveySurvey
Did not respondto survey
Note: Puerto Rico did not respond (not shown)
US DOT Responses Still Required
![Page 9: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Top Ten – 5 Year SummaryThe Top Ten – 5 Year Summary
> 200 Studies
100 - 200 Studies
< 100 Studies
Source: FHWA
![Page 10: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Scope– North America
Primary Sources– AASHTO– FHWA– Miles Foundation– Conference Proceedings– Journals– Universities
![Page 11: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Developing policy and guidelines– FHWA VE Regulation serves as basis in US– No common federal requirement in Canada– Selected DOTs
Developed specific guidelines Developed manuals
– Separate manuals
– Chapters within Design Manuals
![Page 12: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Selecting Projects– Generally US DOTs use $25M threshold– Some variation examples
Nevada - $10M (if policy enacted) Pennsylvania, Ohio - $20M New Hampshire - $50M Virginia, Alaska, Ontario - $10M
– Rarely on small projects– Build stakeholders consensus– Validate project scope or resolve issues– “Because we have to!”
![Page 13: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Comparative benchmarks– 1981 (NCHRP Synthesis 78)
Primarily on standards and specifications Rarely projects
– 2004 (NCHRP Synthesis - New) Rarely standards and specifications Primarily on projects
![Page 14: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Team Leaders– Majority require CVS as Team Leader– AVS and VMP generally not permitted– Most require a PE as a leader
Job Plans– Generally similar to SAVE Job Plan– Variations generally expand basic steps
Caltrans has 13 step job plan
![Page 15: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Education and Awareness– Training
FHWA/NHI; Consultants; SAVE Conference
– 70% of DOTs do not have a formal program– 19 DOT’s with training programs in place (5-10 yrs)
California – 1,200 staff Virginia – 2,300 (1,500 still with VDOT) Washington, New Jersey, Ontario – 350 each Michigan, North Carolina, Arizona - < 20 each
– Budget constraints have impacted training
![Page 16: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
VE Related Tools– Most Popular
Cost models FAST diagrams Evaluation matrices
– Emerging Project Performance Measures Risk registers Cause-Effect (Wishbone diagram) Choosing By Advantages (long term opportunity)
![Page 17: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Study Duration– Typically 3-5 days; sometimes split workshops– DOT Motivation
Staff availability VE study costs
– Pressures on VE Team Selecting ideas Evaluating ideas
– Results/quality may be affected if not enough time allocated to workshop
![Page 18: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Evaluating/Shortlisting Ideas - Criteria– Project cost– Constructability– Road safety– Traffic staging– Schedule impacts
Right-of-way Environmental
![Page 19: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Emerging Evaluation Approaches– User delay
During construction Post-construction
– Road safety Explicit consideration of crash costs Human factors reviews
Reaching consensus– 60% of DOTs use open discussions to reach
agreement
![Page 20: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Acceptance of VE Proposals– ± 60% of DOTs have form of implementation
strategy or meeting in place Michigan, Ontario, California have meetings
New York permits Regional Offices to decide on VE proposals
– VE Organization Reporting Relationship Primarily part of Design Branch Some report to Financial Branch
– New York City
– Virginia
![Page 21: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Monitoring VE Performance– FHWA reporting requirements typically govern
Focused on ROI– Construction costs
– Study costs
– Savings (design or construction – VECP)
– Performance Improvement California Florida Virginia New Mexico Washington
Key ObservationsKey Observations
![Page 22: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations$8
,460
$5,2
80
$4,0
30
$2,0
60
$1,5
10
$1,3
90
$1,2
60
$1,1
100
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
CALIFORNIA FLORIDA VIRGINIA NEW YORK MICHIGAN WISCONSIN MARYLAND TEXAS NEW JERSEY COLORADO
Cos
t (Th
ousa
nd D
olla
rs)
Source: FHWA
FHWA Program ReportTop 10 States – VE Expenditures
![Page 23: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Key ObservationsKey Observations
Value Engineering Performace Measures 2001-2003
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Rec
omm
enda
tions
Impl
emen
ted
Min
imiz
ed
R/W
and
or
Env
ironm
enta
lIm
pac
ts
Enh
ance
dO
pera
tiona
lP
erfo
rman
ce
Imp
rove
dC
onst
ruct
abi
lity
Com
pres
sed
Dev
elop
men
t or
cons
truc
tion
sche
dule
Dev
elop
edP
artn
ers
and
or
cons
ensu
sbu
ildin
g
FY 2001FY 2002FY 2003
FY 01 Net project Savings $57.2 millionFY 02 Net Project Savings $71.0 millionFY 03 Net Project Savings $41.3 million
Source: WSDOT
![Page 24: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Threats and OpportunitiesThreats and Opportunities
Education– Refresh knowledgeable workforce
DOT staff attrition or promotion Consultant demographics
– SAVE Module I and II Training courses need to evolve Permit more diverse VE-related tools
– NHI Courses Maintain access to DOTs
![Page 25: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Project Scope and Selection– Opportunities to expand VE
Smaller projects (lower thresholds) Non-NHS federal-aid projects (non-mandated) Standards and specifications
Measuring Performance– Consider project performance improvement
Project performance measures Tracking database (racing forms)
Threats and OpportunitiesThreats and Opportunities
![Page 26: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Threats and OpportunitiesThreats and Opportunities
Stakeholder Involvement– Value planning– Value-based design charettes
VE Acceptance– Defining implementation process
Detailed responses Due Diligence
– Declaring a “Champion” Managing the VE proposals Managing the decision-making system
![Page 27: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Research Needs/ChallengesResearch Needs/Challenges
Key Challenges– How can we improve the readiness of the VE
community?– How can safety, risk, user delay and other user
costs be effectively considered? – What is the most appropriate method to measure
project performance?– What role will emerging evaluation techniques
play in future decision-making?– How can links be forged with other assessment
tools?
![Page 28: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Summary…Summary…
Five Aspects:
• VE in Transportation – History Lesson
• Study Objectives
• Survey Approach and Literature Review
• Key Observations • Future Directions and Needs
![Page 29: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A Synthesi
s of Highway Practice
Preliminary Results Presentation
Value EngineeringApplications in Transportation
David C. Wilson, P.Eng., CVS2004 Government VM Conference Montreal, QC
![Page 30: A Synthesis of Highway Practice](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813679550346895d9e0864/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ContactContact
David C. Wilson, P.Eng., CVSVice PresidentNCE Limited
2800 Fourteenth Avenue, Suite 206Markham, ON, L3R 0E4T (905) 943-4443F (905) 943-4449