A survey of macrofungi on observatory hill – spring 2011 and winter 2011 2012

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So far, nobody knows what this fungus is

A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2011 and Winter 2011/2012

Oldriska Ceska

1809 Penshurst Road Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 2N6

March 2012

O. Ceska - A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2011 and Winter 2011/2012

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A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2011 and Winter 2011/2012

Oldriska Ceska

March 2012

Abstract The surveys that started at the end of November 2004 have yielded 1,107 species of macrofungi from an area of about 71.4 ha. In the 2011/2012 season, 42 visits to Observatory Hill yielded 492 species of macrofungi, of which 87 species were found on Observatory Hill for the first time. Many species found on Observatory Hill in 2011/2012 have not been previously known in Canada. One new species of the genus Cortinarius, Cortinarius parkeri, has been described in the April 2012 issue of the journal Botany (formerly called Canadian Journal of Botany). At least three more previously undescribed species are being studied by mycologists, specialists in these particular groups of fungi. The most interesting find of this 2011/2012 season was a bluish fungus that grew on a trunk of a fallen Garry oak. Even internationally renowned mycologists have not been able to agree on the genus where the fungus should belong (see the cover photograph).

Introduction Since the beginning of the 1990’s, there has been a renewed interest in the study of biodiversity. It was recognized that more attention should be paid to the study of global, national and local biodiversity. Hawksworth (2001) estimated that there were about 1.5 million fungal species. E.M. Fries (1825), one of the great founders of mycology, considered fungi equivalent to insects in terms of species number. Most of the inventories have been short-term, and this is inadequate when one aims to obtain a full list of fungal species in an area. There are several well-known sites, all in Europe, that have been visited by mycologists for more than 20 years. Kindrogen Field Centre, Perthshire, UK, was used by R. Watling for running field courses over 30 years. Watling (1995) observed that the number of new additional species started to level off after about six years, then rose more slowly and almost reached a plateau after 19 years. He also concluded that the intensity of the study is critical to the completeness of the survey. The two best-known sites with long-term fungal inventories are both in England: Esher Common (about 400 ha) in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve (about 200 ha) in Devon. Results of these field studies clearly demonstrate the need for long-term fungal


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inventories. Both these sites have been studied for more than 25 years, but they continue to yield new, previously unrecorded species. This happens when new ecological niches are being examined or when more specialists visit the site. Since 1969, about 64 mycologists have visited Slapton Ley National Reserve and participated in the mycological survey there. This survey yielded 2,344 species identified in this National Reserve by 1995 (Hawksworth 2001). In spite of the fact that Esher Common in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve in Devon are both similar in their ecology, it is estimated that only about 40 per cent of fungal species have been recorded in both sites. Kendrick (2005) discussed the rare and common occurrence of fungal species using results from several long-term surveys. He also included the first long-term study from Vancouver Island (Roberts et al. 2004). This was a five-year study of macrofungi of Clayoquot Sound and I was involved in this particular study. We recorded 551 species, but only 28 species reoccurred in every year of this study. On average, we found over 100 new species in the study area every year. Based on a review of several long-term mycological surveys, Kendrick (2005) concluded that

1) there are not many common macrofungi that would be found every year on a site; 2) there are more rarely fruiting or occasionally fruiting fungi than those that are

common; and 3) the investigators should anticipate moderate numbers of previously unrecorded

species every new year of an ongoing field survey. For instance, in a 21-year survey of a Swiss forest, only eight species out of the total 408 species recorded were found every year of the survey (Straatsma et al. 2001). Kendrick (2005) also analyzed species lists from 16 successive annual mushroom shows organized by the Cascade Mycological Society in Eugene, Oregon. The total number of species displayed in the 16 years of mushroom shows was close to 700 species. Based on this study, Kendrick divided species according to their rarity into five groups:

1. Ubiquitous or abundant: a fungus must occur in every year. Applies to about 5 per cent of taxa recorded in the Cascade Mycological Society (CMS) database.

2. Common: a fungus must be recorded 4 years out of five. Applies to just over 10 per cent of the taxa recorded in the CMS database.

3. Sporadic or occasional: taxa recorded in 2 or 3 years out of 10. Applies to about 35 per cent of the taxa recorded by the CMS.

4. Uncommon or infrequent: those taxa which occurred in only 1 year out of 5 or less often, down to 1 year in 10. Applies to about 20 per cent of the taxa recorded by the CMS.

5. Rare: those taxa that occurred less often than 1 year in 10. This applies to almost 30 per cent of the taxa recorded by the CMS.

Hawksworth (2001) also compares the number of fungi species with the number of vascular plants on the sites with fungal inventories in England. Based on the inventories in the Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve, there are about five- to six-times more species of fungi than species of vascular plants.


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Study Area Observatory Hill (also called Little Saanich Mountain) is a hill 224 m high between Beaver/Elk and Prospect Lakes. Its elevation is 224 m above the sea level and the total area of the property is 71.4 ha. The plant communities are typical of the Coastal Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zone. The drier western and southern slopes in the upper parts of Observatory Hill are open rock outcrops with a mosaic of mossy/grassy vegetation and several stands of Garry oak (Quercus garryana). The mixed forest of Observatory Hill can be classified as mid-successional (45-80 years). Forest age is a factor in determining species composition of macrofungi, especially of the mycorrhizal fungi. Chronosequence studies suggest that forest structure, slope and exposure are more important factors than age for certain species (Norvell & Exeter 2004). However, the greatest richness in species was found in more complex, late-successional mixed forests. Stands dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are the major vegetation forest types in the study area. In the lower, colluvial slopes the forests belong to the Pseudotsuga menziesii – Gaultheria shallon and Pseudotsuga menziesii – Mahonia nervosa site series; whereas on the upper parts of the top plateau the forests belong to the drier Pseudotsuga menziesii – Melica subulata site series as defined by Green & Klinka (1994). The area at the eastern base of the hill below the access road is covered with wetter Douglas-fir forest (Thuja plicata – Eurhynchium oreganum site series) with scattered big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Big-leaf maple forms a small stand along a small ephemeral stream at the bottom of this area.

Methodology Between April 20, 2011, and March 23, 2012, we visited the study area 42 times: once in April (April 20), five times in May (May 4, 12, 18, 28 & 29), twice in June (June 15 & 30), twice in July (July 17 & 18), once in August (August 30), twice in September (September 8 & 28), three times in October (October 4, 18 & 25), six times in November (November 4, 10, 14, 15, 17 & 25), eight times in December (December 1, 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 24 & 30), six times in January (4, 11, 16, 21, 23 & 27), three times in February (February 19, 22 & 27), and three times in March (March 8, 16 & 23).


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Figure 1. Observatory Hill (Nature Areas Atlas: http://www.crd.bc.ca/maps/natural/atlas.htm ).

For simplicity, three main ecosystems in the study area were distinguished: 1. the mosaic of open, mossy rock outcrops with Quercus garryana/Arbutus menziesii/Pseudotsuga menziesii patches or small stands; 2. the mixed drier forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii-Gaultheria shallon and Pseudotsuga menziesii-Mahonia nervosa; 3. the wetter forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Acer macrophyllum. In my survey, I followed the Intuitive Controlled Survey Method as described by the United States Bureau of Land Management in their numerous survey manuals. The methodology of mycological surveys was described in Roberts et al. (2004) and also in Castellano et al. (1999). Voucher specimens for most of the species collected on the site were preserved and will be deposited in the University of British Columbia Herbarium in Vancouver, BC. Representative specimens were photographed. There is a general misunderstanding that macrofungi can be easily identified without using a microscope and only with the help of field guides. In fact, proper identification requires a


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compound microscope and appropriate taxonomic literature with good keys. In some cases, specialized monographs that deal with only one genus are necessary for reliable identification. According to Castellano et al. (1999, p. M-3) “three to four days of lab work should be anticipated for each successful day of field work.” Our experience from this survey and other surveys shows that this statement is well justified.

Climate of the year 2011 Cold and wet weather of the first three months of 2011 continued through April. On April 15, the cold spell even brought some snow. Such a cold April spell with snow has been recorded at Victoria International Airport meteorological station only 11 times since 1940. Night temperatures were especially low, down to -5°C, and lasted for several nights. Day temperatures were also below normal. The weather did not warm up and the cool wet spring with temperatures below normal continued until June. The precipitation in May was significantly higher than the average (61.7 mm vs. 36.5 mm average). Meteorologists explained the cool spring as a possible ‘lingering’ effect of La Niña that would also result in precipitation higher than normal. While June 2011 was quite dry and normal for the temperature, July brought showers and not quite summer-like temperatures. The temperatures did not reach 20°C until the end of July. This time, the unusual cold summer was explained as a weather effect known as the “omega block” with a strong high pressure system to both east and west. It was said that this “omega block” tends to transition or change very slowly. It was forecast that as everything was delayed, the dry weather forecast would last until September. This forecast was correct, except that the beginning of September was cooler than the average and the warmest weather came only towards the end of September. October 2011 had still below average precipitation and as a result, the summer of 2011 was the second driest summer in our Observatory Hill survey. In October 2011, meteorologists predicted another La Niña system for the winter 2011/12. They said that “back-to-back” La Niña systems do happen, but not very often. The weather was predicted to be colder, with the air temperatures going down to 5°C below the normal. The first measurable snowfall in mid-November was seen as a start of predicted cold winter. This, however, did not happen. While November had its usual high precipitation, December was one of the driest Decembers on record. In normal years, December has higher precipitation than November. December 2011 was also sunnier and the temperatures were just slightly above average. The year ended with rather balmy, sunny weather and La Niña did not materialize. As everything was delayed in 2011, so was the cold winter. It came in the middle of January with snow and the temperatures plummeted to -6°C. This lasted several days before the weather pattern returned to the usual cold, rainy pattern. While February and March 2012 were unseasonally warm in eastern Canada, the temperatures in Victoria were below normal.


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Current 2011/2012 collecting season The total number of macrofungi found during the survey on Observatory Hill in 2011/2012 was 492 species. Out of this number, 124 species (25%) were mycorrhizal, and the remaining 368 (75%) were non-mycorrhizal. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the major mycorrhizal host tree, and there are about 2,000 fungal species that form mycorrhizal associations with this species throughout its area of distribution. Interesting, but also less known, are species that form mycorrhizal associations with arbutus (Arbutus menziesii). On the other hand, western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) do not form mycorrhizal associations. The number of species in 2011/2012 was lower than the average of previous years that were influenced by the effect of El Niño and La Niña. The total number of species for 2011/2012 was about the same as total number of species in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, before the effect of El Niño and La Niña. In means that the season of 2011/2012 was more “normal” in total number of species. The weather in the season 2011/2012 was quite unusual. The precipitation in spring was above average and May was exceptionally wet. Several mycorrhizal fungi, such as Cortinarius and Inocybe were collected in spring, but much larger numbers of species were resupinate fungi. By the end of May and through June, we were visiting the area along the creek on southern boundary, because the forest was drying out and by August and September was exceptionally dry. Unseasonal short rain in July triggered the growth of some interesting fungi, such as those on deer and rabbit dung. From the middle of July to the end of September the forest was too dry to have any mushroom growth. During that period we visited, once in August, the area along the ephemeral creek that is shaded, and the creek bed always has pockets of wet mud. There were few fungi, mostly resupinate fungi, but also those that like wet conditions with summer heat, such as Psathyrella candolleana. There was also a new interesting fungus, Simocybe sumptuosa, on a piece of wood that was partially stuck in mud. We were there again two times in September. The visit at the end of September brought five new species, including Amanita pachycolea. The other new species were mostly minute (e.g., Marasmius limosus). Although there was some rain in September, it was not enough for the growth of larger species. The dry weather continued till the end of October and even in that time, the most productive area was that along the ephemeral creek. In the middle of October, we saw the first occurrence of Russula xerampelina and Russula abietina in the forest on the higher slope. Several species of Mycena and Strobilurus trullisatus started to appear in the forest. More or less normal precipitation in November triggered the growth of numerous mushrooms. Immediately, there were many species of mushrooms everywhere. A small cold spell in the middle of November did not influence the fungal growth. Contrary to the prediction of the severe winter, December continued to be very productive, in spite of the record low precipitation. It seems that the unusually balmy temperatures and high rainfall in November resulted in still plentiful fungal growth in December.


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Even the relatively large fungi such as some Cortinarius and Russula species were fruiting until the end of December. The new, unknown blue mushroom was collected on December 30. The temperature was cooling down in January 2012, and a cold spell with snow and frost finished most of the bigger fungi. On the other hand, it did not stop many small fungi, such as various ascomycetes and resupinate fungi. Most of these fungi are actually producing spores in this time of the year. In February and March 2012 small fungi such as Galerina and Mycena were growing, but also a few large ones, such as Inocybe assimilata and some spring species of Cortinarius were found. Since the beginning of March, some typical spring fungi, such as Gyromitra esculenta were seen. The number of new species for the 2011/2012 season was 87. It was the lowest number of new species for a season from the start of the project. There could be several reasons for this decrease: 1) Unusual weather. The fall growing was late, starting in late October. 2) November brought so many fungi at once that it was difficult to properly survey the whole area. It is therefore possible that some fungi could have been missed. 3) Although the number of visits to Observatory Hill was about the same as in the previous years, some routes had to be shortened just because of the large numbers of fungi in most of November 2011. 4) Most of the new species encountered now, after the first five years, tend to be very difficult to identify. The possibility of discovering new species for science is higher in the long-term studies. The identification is more time-consuming and leaves less time for the field work. 5) It is to be expected that the number of new species will eventually start to decline. Some studies noticed that such a decline of newly encountered species happens after about six years of studies (cf. Watling 1995). Due to the late start of the season, the number of species of some groups of fungi declined in comparison with previous years. Those were the following genera: Clitocybe, Hebeloma, Lepiota, Mycena. Interestingly, there was a decline of the number of species in the genus Hebeloma that had already been low in the 2010/2011 season. The non-mycorrhizal genus Galerina is the second most species-rich genus on Observatory Hill after the genus Mycena. In the 2011/2012, the number of Galerina species was again low as in the 2010/2011 season, probably due to the cold spell in mid-November in both instances. Many Galerina species are fragile and start fruiting later in the season. They are therefore easily damaged by frost or snow. There were only a few Galerina species in late November and December, except Galerina heterocystis which remained common throughout the winter.


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The late start of the season did not have very much impact on the ectomycorrhizal species (except the genus Hebeloma). In spite of the delayed start of the fall season, for some genera such as Russula and Cortinarius, it was one of the better seasons in terms of the number of species found on Observatory Hill. This was because December 2011 was warmer than usual and even though it had much lower precipitation than usual, there was enough soil moisture in November. These unusual conditions allowed the fungi to continue producing fruiting bodies until the end of December. Interesting finds in late November 2011 were new species to Observatory Hill that have been known only from California, such as Russula ochroleuca and Tricholoma griseoviolaceum. In fall 2010, Boletus appendiculatus, which also grows in California, was collected on Observatory Hill. Cortinarius californicus, which occurs on Observatory Hill sporadically, was unusually common last fall. Is this an early indication of climate change? Judging from the 2011 climate diagram, one would not expect a good season for the fall mushroom growth. When we look at the 2011 climate diagram, there is a large area which indicates drought. This drought did not have the same effect as in the year 2006. In that year, there was almost no rain in July and August when the summer temperatures were at their highest. That was devastating for the coming fall season. In 2011 on the contrary, there was some rain in the summer months from June through August, and the hottest days only came towards the end of September. In September, when the precipitation was still unseasonally low, the drought was already over. Table 1 shows the effect of the abnormal weather pattern in 2011/2012 for the three sampled habitat types. The number of species in Garry oak habitats was the second highest since the start of this survey. This, again, might be a result of the La Niña cycle. On the other hand, the number of species in Douglas-fir habitats was lower in comparison with the two other habitat types.

Habitat type 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 Garry oak+ rock outcrops 200 210 264 301 290 327 303 Douglas-fir 180 151 271 152 227 209 192 Western red cedar 159 135 300 250 313 350 234

Table 1. Distribution of macrofungi in the three habitat types during the last seven seasons.

There were 62 (12%) species that occurred in all three habitat types, 108 (23%) species that occurred in two habitat types, and 321 (65%) species that occurred only in one habitat type:

Number of habitats 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 One habitat type 186 172 219 295 309 360 321 Two habitat types 73 78 129 105 108 126 108 All three habitat types 66 56 119 66 103 93 63 Total 325 306 467 466 520 579 492

Table 2. Number of species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat types.


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Number of Habitats 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 One habitat type 57% 56% 47% 63% 60% 62% 65% Two habitat types 23% 26% 28% 23% 21% 22% 23% All three habitat types 20% 18% 25% 14% 19% 16% 12%

Table 3. Percentage of species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat types.

Results and trends from long-term observations: winter 2004 through spring 2012 From November 2004 to the end of March 2012, a total of 1,107 species of macrofungi were identified and recorded from the study area. The cumulative growth of the number of species identified after each season is illustrated in Figure 3:

Figure 3. Cumulative increase of number of species found since the start of the surveys in 2004. (RED: newly recorded; BLUE: previously recorded)

The majority of the species found since 2004 were those species that have been found only in one season (Figure 4).This distribution follows the pattern described by Kendrick (2005) in other macrofungal collecting events. In the first year of the survey, the 2004/2005 season, the survey started too late and the data could serve only as a preliminary list. Since the 2005/2006 season, the Observatory Hill survey has yielded, on average, a total of 306 to 579 species per season. Mycorrhizal species formed a smaller portion (17 – 35%) of the total number of species (see Figures 5 & 6).


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Figure 4. Number of species found in one, two, three, four, five, six, seven years, and every year. Fructification of fungi depends strongly on the climatic conditions, especially on the precipitation. Whereas the year 2005 was close to the 30-year climatic average, the year 2006 had an unusually long-lasting drought period in the summer and early fall. The years 2007 and 2008, on the other hand, did not have much of a drought period in the summer. There was an overall drop in number of fungi, especially the mycorrhizal fungi, in the dry year 2006, but a record number of fungi in the wet year 2007. As I mentioned earlier, the unusual combination of a few summer rains and the dry fall in 2008 resulted in a rather unusual and atypical group of species found in the 2008/2009 season. The 2010/2011 season was influenced by a La Niña cycle that followed an El Niño cycle of 2009/2010 season. High precipitation in September brought a record number of fungi, 579 species, the highest since the start of the project in 2004. 2011/2012 season was unusual in many ways. Meteorologists eventually classified that season as yet another La Niña cycle. They also forecasted a cold winter that never happened. Spring was cold and unusually wet. Summer was also cooler but not particularly dry because there were some showers. Fall rain was delayed until November after which there was an explosion of various kinds of fungi. December was drier and warmer, quite the opposite than the forecast. The total number of species for 2011/2012 was high, although not as high as in the previous two years of the full El Niño - La Niña cycles. The interesting thing was the decrease of new species on Observatory Hill. Until the 2011/2012 season, there were over 100 new species for Observatory Hill every year. In 2011/2012, on the other hand, it was only 87 new species. The possible reasons for that are discussed on page 8.


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Figure 5. Number of species found in each collecting season. (RED: non-mycorrhizal species, BLUE: mycorrhizal species)

Figure 6. Percentage of mycorrhizal species found in each collecting season. Progress in the study of the ectomycorrhizal species is constantly increasing our knowledge of what species of fungi are observed to be associated with plants, mostly trees. This is done either by studying root-tip morphology, or by root-tip molecular identification using DNA sequencing. The research in this field is still far from complete. On the basis of a recent article on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity (Comandini et al. 2012), I applied new evidence on ectomycorrhizal fungi to our data and the results are shown in Figure 5 & 6.


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Figure 7. Number of species in the most species-rich non-mycorrhizal genera in six collecting seasons.

(We omit the data of the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.)

Figure 8. Number of species in the most species-rich mycorrhizal genera in six collecting seasons.

(We omit the data of the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.)


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Based on the list in Comandini et al. (2012), I adjusted all the data since the start of the project in 2004. The major changes from previous lists result in the addition of several ascomycete genera, such a false morels, Peziza, etc., a few genera of resupinate fungi, such as Tomentella, and a few others. When I updated the counts, it changed the percentage of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Observatory Hill to about 17 to 35 % (from 14 to 27% before). Figure 6 also clearly shows the effect of extreme 2006 drought when the ectomycorrhizal species of fungi were at their lowest.

Table 4. Number of species in the most common mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal genera in

seasons 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/2010, 2010/2011, and 2011/2012.

Genus (M= mycorrhizal)

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Clitocybe 13 8 15 7 8 9 5 Cortinarius M 13 7 17 13 20 20 26 Galerina 25 28 26 21 22 18 18 Hebeloma M 6 2 7 8 10 3 3 Inocybe M 22 11 27 26 31 40 33 Lactarius M 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 Lepiota 7 9 12 7 4 9 5 Mycena 28 46 48 41 38 42 33 Nolanea 8 8 8 7 12 10 7 Psathyrella 8 10 15 10 9 5 10 Russula M 13 6 15 11 18 19 21 Tricholoma M 8 4 9 9 9 11 10


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Several rare and interesting fungi found in the 2011/2012 survey Potentially new species for science Cortinarius sp.

In the fall of 2011, I made several collections of blood-red Cortinarius that I sent to Dr. Ammirati, a mycologist at the University of Washington (Seattle). He informed me that this particular fungus is a new species that he is in the process of describing. Unknown Blue Fungus

An “Unknown Blue Fungus” was growing on a decaying large Garry Oak log on December 30, 2011. It was immediately obvious that it was an important find. We contacted three mycologists who are experts in the family Entolomataceae where we placed it after our preliminary observation. They were Dr. M. Noordeloos in the Netherlands, Dr. T. Baroni in New York, and C. Schwarz in Santa Cruz, CA. To our surprise, none of these experts were able to recognize this fungus and they even argued about the family to which it would belong. We divided our collection and sent a portion to each of them. Even then, when they had seen this material, they were puzzled. We know that one cannot rely only on molecular


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DNA techniques, but in this case, we hope that DNA sequencing would tell us more about the taxonomical position of this fungus. Species that are rarely collected in our area Cortinarius variicolor This is a large Cortinarius of the subgenus Phlegmacium. It was surprising to see a group of these large fungi (cap up to 7 cm in diameter) that I collected on December 19, 2011. It was evidence of a very unusual mild December. This fungus, when immature, has a bright blue cap and gills. Later, the color of the cap changes to ochre and only the margin of the cap remains lilac. Gills become reddish brown when spores ripen. This is a new species for Observatory Hill.

Cortinarius variicolor There were two other large species of Cortinarius (also subgen. Phlegmacium) found on Observatory Hill: Cortinarius infractus, found on December 18, 2011, and Cortinarius glaucopus in November 14, 2011.

Cortinarius infractus (left) & Cortinarius glaucopus (right)


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It is quite unusual to have all these species occurring simultaneously in the same season. The majority of the other Cortinarius species on Observatory Hill belong to a taxonomically difficult subgenus Telamonia. Most of these are of medium or small size (see below).

Cortinarius sp. subgenus Telamonia Marasmius limosus The first sparse rains in September were good enough to trigger the growth of fungi, but only along the ephemeral creek along the southern boundary. This site is actually worth visiting even in the summer heat, because it is shaded and there are always pockets with some remaining moisture. We found many interesting, unusual, and often very small fungi there.

Marasmius limosus

One of them was this Marasmius limosus which grew in the hundreds on decaying leaves of Iris pseudacorus on the margin of a wetland along the southern boundary, on September 28, 2011. The cap of this fungus is usually less than 1.2 mm in diameter.


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Hyaloscypha britannica This is a beautiful little ascomycete, found on May 4, 2011, growing on wet decaying Douglas-fir bark. It is very small, less than 1 mm in diameter. It is white and the hairs on the margin are covered with lumps of amber resin. The pictures were taken by a dental camera.

Hyaloscypha britannica Fungi on bark of living trees of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) In our maritime climate, mosses and lichens grow in abundance on bark of living Garry oak trees. In January 2012, we were lucky to find four species of fungi which specialize in growing on the bark of Garry oak. All of them were new to Observatory Hill. One of them, Dendrothele candida, was known to us and we have been looking for it on Observatory Hill for several years. We finally found it, growing only on one oak tree, but in abundance. It is a resupinate fungus that grows in fissures of bark of older oaks.

Dendrothele candida


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Three other fungi were gilled species (Mycena corticola, Phaeomarasmius rimulincola, and Pleuroflammula ragazziana) and we found them only because we were focused on finding the above mentioned Dendrothele candida.

Mycena corticola They were all quite small, their caps being less than 5 mm in diameter. They also like to grow in bark fissures where the moisture stays longer or as long as needed for their life cycle. With their fragile existence, we were extremely lucky to see them. They grew on the small group of oaks just below the hut of the Royal Canadian Astronomical Society. After this discovery, we have been looking for them on many other Garry oak trees, but without any success.

Phaeomarasmius rimulincola

Fungi on fungi (mycoparasites - some new finds of Tremella species) The genus Tremella belongs to the group of fungi called jelly fungi. They were extensively studied by the late Dr. Bandoni, former professor of mycology at the University of British Columbia. These jelly fungi belong taxonomically to a primitive group in which basidium, a cell that bears spores, is divided by longitudinal septa into two to four cells. Most species of the genus Tremella that occur on Observatory Hill grow on decaying wood.


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Dr. Bandoni discovered in his studies that even those species that seemingly grow on wood, in fact parasitized other fungi. The host species usually belong to the genus Stereum or other jelly fungi or various resupinate fungi. There were three new Tremella species collected on Observatory Hill in the last season: Tremella aurantia, a parasite on Stereum hirsutum, was observed several times during the 2011/2012 season; Tremella moriformis, for which no obvious fungal host was seen, probably grows on some resupinate fungus, such as Peniophora sp. that grew on Scotch broom; Tremella obscura, a parasite on witch’s butter (Dacrymyces sp.) is most likely very rare.

Tremella aurantia on Stereum hirsutum

Tremella moriformis (left) and Tremella obscura - smaller fruiting bodies attached to larger bodies of Dacrymyces sp. (right)

Fungi on dung Fungi growing on dung, excrement of herbivores and carnivores, are a specialized group of macrofungi. The dung is a substrate much changed from the original material that has passed through the digestive tract. Its nutrient content is different. Animal dung is divided into that


22

of herbivores and that of carnivores. Their chemistry and the fungi associated with them are generally different. Fungi on the dung produced by herbivores are preferred for studies. Mycologists who study dung fungi incubate collected dung in laboratory conditions. In Victoria, the weather conditions in the July 2011 were ideal to look for these fungi directly in nature. After the dry June, there were rain showers and warm days in the middle of July to trigger the dung fungi to grow.

Coprinellus heptemerus

There is no lack of deer and rabbit pellets on Observatory Hill. Generally, dung fungi that grow on deer or rabbit pellets are small in size. Most of them, in fact, can be better seen with a magnifying lens. The majority of them belong to the ascomycetes, but two small basidiomycetes (Coprinellus heptemerus and Coprinopsis stercorea) were also seen. The dung fungi are variously adapted to this specialized life cycle. They need moisture for growing, but because they produce fruiting bodies on the surface of dung, some of them have hairs that help to slow the drying out (e.g., Lasiobolus and Pseudombrophila). Some produce spores that have a thick layer of gelatinous material on the spore surface, again, to prevent damage to the spore as a result of drying out (e.g., Sordaria and Sporormiella). When dung fungi are cultivated artificially, the succession of different species can be observed. That is most likely due to changes in the nutrient composition of the substrate, and one set of species is being replaced with another, according to their respective nutrient requirements. However, this whole process is still little known. It has been speculated that the fungi, rather than bacteria, play the major role in decomposing dung in the natural environment.


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The following species were found in deer or rabbit dung in summer 2011: Ascobolus furfuraceus, Coprinellus heptemerus, Coprinopsis stercorea, Lasiobolus cuniculi, Pseudombrophila cervaria, Sordaria fimicola, Sporormiella australis, and Thelebolus stercoreus.

Ascobolus furfuraceus (left) & Lasiobolus cuniculi – microphoto (right)

Pseudombrophila cervaria (left) & Thelebolus stercoreus (right) They were all new for the Observatory Hill inventory. This was due to the opportunity provided to us by the favourable weather conditions.


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Update to the 2010/2011 Report

Claudopus byssisedus The first fruiting bodies were observed on November 15, 2011. There was only one clump of fruiting bodies and they did not last long. It was a similar situation as to last year. Besides this locality we observed Claudopus byssisedus on two other sites on Observatory Hill, but both sites had only a single specimen each. It is possible that the destruction of the original site on the road cut was more severe due to heavy rains in previous years.

Tubaria punicea The first fruiting was observed on October 25, 2011. There was only one clump of it on the marked tree. On November 10, there were several fruiting bodies on the same tree, but by the end of November, there were none. On December 9, there were three clumps and on December 30, there were still several fruiting bodies. Then there was no fruiting until March 6, 2012, when one small fruiting body appeared.

Discussion Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is exceptionally rich in symbiotic relationships. As many as 2000 species may be associated with it throughout its area of distribution (Trappe 1977). Arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) is probably also quite rich in mycorrhizal species, but no extensive studies have been done on it because it has no commercial value as timber. In our area, Garry oak (Quercus garryana) is disappointingly poor in forming symbiotic relationships in comparison with other parts of their area of distribution in Washington, Oregon and California. Lesser components of mixed forest on Observatory Hill, such as grand fir (Abies grandis), are also mycorrhizal, but probably less important in terms of their mycorrhizal associations. Western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) are considered trees without fungal symbiosis and their stands host mostly saprophytic or wood-decaying fungi. On the margin of this forest higher up the slope or directly below the summit of the hill, arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) and Garry oak (Quercus garryana) come into contact with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). This transition is usually the richest in fungal diversity and it hosts many mycorrhizal macrofungi. On Observatory Hill, patches or even small stands of pure Quercus garryana are relatively poor in terms of their fungal component. This is very surprising because oak forests including those of Garry oak are known to be rich in fungi within their area of distribution in Washington, Oregon and California. Mossy open rock outcrops and grassy meadows have specific but not very diverse mycoflora. However,


25

in the year 2010, the unusual weather conditions due to La Niña resulted in the appearance for the first time of some species known to be associated with Garry oak, such as Boletus appendiculatus, Clavariadelphus occidentalis, Cortinarius turmalis, Hygrophorus sordidus, and Russula brunneoviolacea. Various fungal inventory studies demonstrate that there is a relatively small number of common fungi that occur every year (Kendrick 2005). The majority of fungi are uncommon or rare, and they occur only in some years. In order to get a better picture of the biodiversity of fungi, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies wherein the same area is visited and fungi identified for many years. Some studies of this kind have already been done and species of fungi were collected that had not been seen for decades. The Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of the Washington and Oregon coasts have been studied in recent years (Norvell & Exeter 2004), but it is difficult to compare them with our drier version of Pseudotsuga menziesii forests that are usually mixed with Arbutus menziesii and Quercus garryana. The most species-rich genera of fungi there are Cortinarius, Inocybe and Russula. Unfortunately, the species belonging to these genera are difficult to identify. Determining the overall frequency or rarity of encountered species on Southern Vancouver Island is very difficult. To our knowledge, no inventory of mycoflora has been done for dry Douglas-fir/Arbutus forests. Pamela Janszen of Saturna Island compiled a macrofungi inventory of Saturna Island Ecological Reserve for the Friends of Ecological Reserves, and she also made an inventory of Winter Cove Park (Saturna Island) for British Columbia Parks. Both inventories were done from August 30, 1997, to January 29, 2000. In 30 visits to the Ecological Reserve and 22 trips to the Winter Cove Park, she identified 200 and 117 species of macrofungi, respectively. Dr. Ian Gibson, a member of the South Vancouver Island Mycological Society (SVIMS), keeps a list of species known from Southern Vancouver Island. It is based on herbarium collections housed in the Pacific Forestry Centre on Burnside Rd. in Victoria, in herbarium collections at UBC, and in various personal collections. It also incorporates material seen on annual mushroom shows organized by SVIMS in Victoria and various SVIMS forays. This list also indicates which species are abundant (a), common (c), uncommon (u), and rare (r). Gibson’s list is a work in progress, and it is far from being complete. Our list of species from Observatory Hill has the rare species (as defined by the SVIMS lists) marked with a single asterisk. Out of these, the species marked with two asterisks are those species which are, indeed, very rare or which have not been seen before in our area. Long-term surveys are needed in order to obtain a “complete” list of macrofungi from a given area. Previous studies showed that the surveys for macrofungi could yield new species even after decades of surveying. In our Clayoquot Sound study (Roberts et. al. 2004) we were finding about the same number of new, previously-not-encountered species every year of our survey. This indicates that long-term surveys are needed in order to obtain a good picture of the mycoflora of any area of interest.


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Some ramifications of this study My mycofloristic inventory of Observatory Hill got some public exposure when GOERT made the 2009/2010 report available to the public on their web site: http://www.goert.ca/documents/Macrofungi-Observatory-Hill-2009-2010.pdf As an example, the Matheny et al. 2007 paper (I am a co-author) and my Observatory Hill reports triggered a strong interest among Californian mycologists. They started to look for Tubaria punicea and found about ten new sites for this fungus, of which only one site was previously known from California. A new distribution map of Tubaria punicea has been generated from the data in the “Mushroom Observer” web site:

http://mushroomobserver.org/location/map_locations?q=3woD

Our find of Squamanita paradoxa was reported in the Times-Colonist on December 30, 2009, and in several other newspapers in western Canada. It was noticed by mycologists in both North America and Europe. Our field photo of Squamanita paradoxa appeared in Matheny, P.B. & G.W. Griffith. 2010. Mycoparasitism between Squamanita paradoxa and Cystoderma amianthinum (Cystodermateae, Agaricales). Mycoscience 51: 456-461. In July 2008, I provided Dr. Mary Berbee (UBC) with about 200 specimens of the genus Cortinarius for the DNA study she is conducting in cooperation with Dr. Joe Ammirati (University of Washington, Seattle). In July 2009, I donated to the UBC herbarium another 100 specimens of the genus Cortinarius for their DNA study. In summer 2010, more collections of the Cortinarius and Inocybe genera were delivered to the University of British Columbia herbarium for their DNA studies (over 250 specimens). About 30% of these specimens came from our Observatory Hill project. In fact, repeated collection of one species from Observatory Hill revealed some interesting peculiarities that would have gone undetected with just a single sample. Preliminary results of this Cortinarius study suggest


27

that in my collections from Observatory Hill there is at least one new, as yet undescribed, Cortinarius species, in addition to Cortinarius parkeri Ammirati, Seidl & Ceska which has been published in the journal Botany: Joseph F. Ammirati, Tess E Barlow, Michelle T. Seidl, Oldriska Ceska, Mary Berbee, Emma Harrower & Kare Liimatainen. 2012. Cortinarius parkeri, a new species from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Botany 90(4): 327-335. Emma Harrower, a UBC graduate student, who worked with Dr. Mary Berbee on the DNA screening and taxonomy of the genus Cortinarius in British Columbia collections, finished her Cortinarius study and the results were published in the journal Botany: Emma Harrower, Joseph F. Ammirati, Adam A. Cappuccino, Oldriska Ceska, J.M. Kranabetter, Paul Kroeger, Seara Lim, Terry Taylor & Mary L. Berbee. 2011. Cortinarius species diversity in British Columbia and molecular phylogenetic comparison with European specimen sequences. Botany 89(11): 799-810. The Observatory Hill area has been ideal for following the phenology of Tubaria punicea and Claudopus byssisedus. Indeed, the material of Tubaria punicea from Observatory Hill was crucial to the solution of the taxonomic problems of this genus (see Matheny et al. 2007).

Acknowledgements I would like to thank Drs. Joe Ammirati (University of Washington), Tim Baroni, Mary Berbee (UBC Vancouver), Ian Gibson (South Vancouver Island Mycological Society, Victoria), Jim Ginns (retired from the DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), Brandon Matheny (University of Tennessee), Machiel Noordeloos, Scott Redhead (DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), Christian Schwarz, and Else Vellinga (University of California, Berkeley) for help with identification of several species. Anonymous reviewers from the Mushroom Observer (http://mushroomobserver.org/ ) also helped with identification of Observatory Hill collections. My husband Adolf was my field assistant, photographer and computer operator. Thanks are due to Clyde Donnelly and to Susanna Gibson for financial assistance. Thanks are also due to Shyanne Smith and the Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team (GOERT) for finding funds for the 2011/2012 survey and taking interest in Garry oak ecosystems on Observatory Hill. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Feldman for his interest and fundraising for the 2011/2012 survey, and for his editorial help with this report. We also thank anonymous donors for financial assistance.


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References Arora, D. 1986. Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California. 959 p. Castellano Michael A., Jane E. Smith, Thom O'Dell, Efren Cázares & Susan Nugent. 1999. Handbook to strategy 1: Fungal taxa in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen.Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. 195 p. Ceska, O. 2005. A survey of macrofungi, Mill Hill Regional Park: Fall 2004 and winter 2004/2005. Manuscript deposited with the CRD Parks, Victoria. 37 p. Ceska, O. & A. Ceska. 2008. Distribution of a mushroom Tubaria punicea on southern Vancouver Island. BEN (Botanical Electronic News) 393 - May 15, 2008 http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben393.html#4 Comandini, O., A.C. Rinaldi, & T.W. Kuyper. 2012. Measuring and estimating ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity: a continuous challenge. Pp. 165-200 in Pagano, M.C. [editor] Mycorrhiza:Occurrence in Natural and Restored Environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY. Dobson, F.S. & D.L. Hawksworth. 1996. The Slapton fungal (including lichen) survey: Inventorying and documenting changes in the Mycota. Field Studies 8: 677- 684. Exeter, R.L., L. Norvell & E. Cázares. 2006. Ramaria of the Pacific Northwestern United States. USDI BLM/OR/WA/PT-06/050-1792, Salem, Oregon. 157 p. Fries, E.M. 1825. Systema Orbis Vegetabilis. Vol. 1. Typographia Academica, Lund. Green, R.N. & K. Klinka. 1994. A Field Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation For the Vancouver Forest Region. Land Management Handbook Number 28. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. ix+285 p. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/Lmh/Lmh28.htm Hansen, L. & H. Knudsen [eds.] 2000. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, Denmark. 309 p. Hawksworth, D.L. 2001. The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycological Research 105: 1422-1432. Kendrick, B. 2005. Fungi – common, rare and in-between. BEN 347, April 15, 2005. http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben347.html#3 Largent, D.L. 1994. Entolomatoid Fungi of the Western United States and Alaska Mad River Press. Eureka California. Matheny, P.B., E.C. Vellinga, N.L. Bougher, O. Ceska, P.-A. Moreau, M.A. Neves, & J.F. Ammirati. 2007. Taxonomy of displaced species of Tubaria. Mycologia 99(4): 569-585. Norvell, L.L. & R.L. Exeter. 2004. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete diversity in Oregon Coast Range Pseudotsuga menziesii forests – Preliminary observations. Pp. 159-189 in Cripps, C.L. Fungi in Forest Ecosystems: Systematics, Diversity, and Ecology. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Redhead, S.A. 1988. Notes on the genus Xeromphalina (Agaricales, Xerulaceae) in Canada: biogeography, nomenclature, taxonomy. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 479-507.


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Redhead, S.A. 1989. A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 3003-3062. Roberts, C., O. Ceska, P. Kroeger, & B. Kendrick. 2004. Macrofungi from six habitats over five years in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Botany 82: 1518-1538. http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_tocs_e?cjb_cjb10-04_82 Straatsma, G., F. Ayer, & S. Egli. 2001. Species richness, abundance, and phenology of fungal fruit bodies over 21 years in a Swiss forest plot. Mycological Research 105: 515-523. Trappe, J.M. 1977. Selection of fungi for ectomycorrhizal inoculation in nurseries. Annual Review of Phytopathology 15: 203–222. Tylutki, E. E. 1979. Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. Discomycetes. University Press of Idaho. Watling, R. 1995. Assessment of fungal diversity: macromycetes, the problems. Canadian Journal of Botany 73 (Suppl. 1): S515-S524.


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Appendix 1: A list of macrofungi on Observatory Hill in the three main habitats Spring 2011 – Winter 2011/2012

Species + - found only once ++ - found on two visits +++ - found more often ? - preliminary identification

Garry oak & outcrops

Douglas-fir

Western red cedar

Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum NEW

+

Agaricus diminutivus + Agaricus niveolutescens NEW ++ Agaricus praeclaresquamosus + Agrocybe praecox + Alboleptonia ochracea + Aleurodiscus grantii + + ++ Aleurodiscus penicillatus +++ +++ Alnicola salicis NEW + Alpova diplophloeus NEW + Amanita pachycolea NEW + Amanita pantherina + Amphinema byssoides ++ Antrodia malicola +++ Armillaria ostoyae +++ ++ + Ascobolus furfuraceus NEW + Astraeus hygrometricus + Auriscalpium vulgare ++ ++ + Baeospora myosura NEW + Basidiodendron eyrei ++ + Bisporella citrina + Boletus truncatus ++ Botryobasidium candicans + Botryobasidium conspersum + Botryobasidium subcoronatum NEW + Bulgariella pulla + Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum +++ Callorina fusarioides NEW +


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Calocera cornea +++ +++ ++ Calocera viscosa + Calonectria pyrochroa NEW + Calyptella capula NEW + Cantharellula umbonata ++ + Cantharellus formosus +++ + Ceriporia purpurea + Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ++ Chalciporus piperatoides NEW + Chalciporus piperatus + Chlorociboria aeruginascens + Chromosera cyanophylla ++ Chrysomphalina aurantiaca + Ciboria rufofusca + Cinereomyces lindbladii NEW + Claudopus byssisedus ++ + Clavaria vermicularis + + Clavariadelphus truncatus ++ Clavulina cristata ++ + + Clavulina rugosa + + Clavulinopsis laeticolor + + Clitocybe dealbata ++ Clitocybe deceptiva + Clitocybe foetens NEW + Clitocybe radicellata + +++ Clitocybe vibecina + Clitopilus prunulus + Coccomyces arbutifolius NEW +++ Coccomyces dentatus + ++ Coltricia cinnamomea + Coltricia perennis +++ + + Conocybe dumetorum + Conocybe pilosella + Coprinellus heptemerus NEW + + Coprinopsis stercorea NEW + Coprinus impatiens ++ Coprinus lagopus ++ Coprinus xanthothrix + Cortinarius biformis +


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Cortinarius californicus +++ ++ Cortinarius casimiri +++ Cortinarius ceraceus ++ + Cortinarius cinnamomeus +++ +++ Cortinarius croceus + Cortinarius duracinus + + Cortinarius fasciatus + Cortinarius flexipes NEW + Cortinarius fulvescens NEW ++ Cortinarius glaucopus + + Cortinarius helobius NEW + Cortinarius hinnuleus NEW + Cortinarius idahoensis + + Cortinarius infractus ++ Cortinarius leucopus +++ ++ Cortinarius pulchripes ? NEW + Cortinarius rigens + Cortinarius sanguineus nom.prov. NEW +++ Cortinarius scandens + Cortinarius sp. small the same as Jocelyn Hill with boletoid spores NEW

+

Cortinarius variicolor NEW + + Cortinarius velenovskyi + Cortinarius vernalis ? +++ Cortinarius vernus + Cortinarius vernus ? (big one red stipe base in UV) NEW

+

Craterellus tubaeformis ++ Crepidotus epibryus + Crepidotus lundellii + Crepidotus mollis +++ Cryptoporus volvatus + Cylindrobasidium laeve + Cystoderma amianthinum +++ +++ Cystoderma fallax +++ Cystoderma granulosum + ++ Cystolepiota seminuda + Cytidia stereoides +++ Dacrymyces ovisporus + + Dacrymyces palmatus ++ +++ ++


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Dacrymyces stillatus + + Dacrymyces variisporus NEW + + Dacryobolus sudans + Dematioscypha dematiicola NEW + Dendrothele candida NEW + Diatrype albopruinosa NEW + Dichostereum granulosum + Durella melanochlora + Exidia glandulosa +++ Fomes fomentarius + + Fomitopsis cajanderi + +++ ++ Fomitopsis pinicola +++ +++ Galerina atkinsoniana var. atkinsoniana + Galerina autumnalis ++ Galerina badipes + + Galerina cedretorum var. bispora ++ Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis

+ + +

Galerina evelata var. evelata ++ + Galerina fontinalis NEW + Galerina heterocystis +++ +++ +++ Galerina marginata + Galerina nigripes ++ Galerina oregonensis +++ ++ + Galerina pumila var. pumila + + Galerina rostrata + Galerina sideroides ++ ++ ++ Galerina subcerina + Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis + Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora

++ +

Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora

+ +++ +

Geoglossum umbratile + Geopyxis vulcanalis + Gomphidius glutinosus +++ + +++ Gomphidius oregonensis +++ + Gomphidius subroseus +++ ++ + Gomphus floccosus + Gomphus kauffmanii +++ Gymnopilus sapineus +++ ++ +++


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Gymnopus fuscopurpureus + +++ Gymnopus subnudus + Gyromitra esculenta +++ Gyromitra infula + Hebeloma birrus +++ + Hebeloma lutense +++ ++ + Hebeloma sacchariolens +++ Helvella lacunosa +++ +++ ++ Helvella villosa + Hemimycena nebulophila + + Hemimycena tortuosa + ++ Henningsomyces candidus + Heterotextus luteus ++ + Humaria hemisphaerica ++ Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina

+

Hyaloscypha britannica NEW + Hyaloscypha daedaleae + Hyaloscypha quercicola + Hydnum umbilicatum +++ + +++ Hydropus scabripes NEW + Hygrocybe conica ++ +++ Hygrocybe miniata +++ Hygrocybe persistens + Hygrocybe pratensis + + Hygrocybe psittacina ++ Hygrocybe russocoriacea ++ Hygrocybe singeri NEW + Hygrophoropsis olida + Hymenochaete tabacina +++ +++ Hymenoscyphus caudatus + Hymenoscyphus imberbis NEW + Hyphoderma argillaceum + Hyphoderma cremeoalbum + Hyphoderma sambuci + Hyphodontia alutaria + + Hyphodontia arguta NEW + + Hyphodontia aspera + Hyphodontia cineracea + Hyphodontia crustosa +


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Hyphodontia floccosa + Hyphodontia nespori NEW + Hyphodontia quercina NEW +++ + Hyphodontia subalutacea ++ Hypholoma capnoides ++ Hypholoma fasciculare + ++ ++ Hypocrea pulvinata + Hypomyces cervinigenus + Hypomyces lactifluorum + Inocybe abjecta ++ +++ + Inocybe amblyspora + Inocybe assimilata + +++ + Inocybe auricoma + Inocybe calida + Inocybe cinnamomea + Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa +++ +++ + Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula +++ +++ Inocybe geophylla +++ +++ +++ Inocybe grammata +++ + Inocybe griseolilacina +++ ++ +++ Inocybe hotsoniana + Inocybe jacobi + Inocybe kauffmanii + Inocybe lacera var. lacera ++ Inocybe lanuginosa + Inocybe leiocephala +++ Inocybe lilacina +++ +++ ++ Inocybe mixtilis +++ +++ Inocybe nitidiuscula +++ +++ ++ Inocybe olympiana ? NEW ++ Inocybe posterula +++ +++ Inocybe pseudodestricta + Inocybe pudica +++ +++ +++ Inocybe pusio ++ Inocybe rennyi + Inocybe salicis + Inocybe sindonia + + Inocybe soluta + Inocybe splendens var. phaeoleuca ++


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Inocybe stellatospora + + + Inocybe subcarpta ++ +++ Ischnoderma benzoinum + Jahnoporus hirtus + Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis +++ +++ + Laccaria bicolor +++ ++ Laccaria laccata +++ +++ Lachnella alboviolascens + Lachnellula calyciformis + Lachnellula gallica + ++ Lachnellula subtilissima NEW + Lachnum impudicum + Lachnum pudibundum ++ Lachnum virgineum + +++ Lactarius kauffmanii NEW + Lactarius occidentalis ++ Lactarius pseudomucidus + Lactarius rubrilacteus + Lactarius subviscidus +++ +++ +++ Laeticorticium minnsiae + Lanzia luteovirescens + Lasiobelonium relicinum NEW + Lasiobolus cuniculi NEW + + Lasiosphaeria ovina NEW + Lentaria pinicola + + Lepiota boudieri + Lepiota carinii + Lepiota clypeolarioides + Lepiota josserandii + Lepiota ventriosospora + Lepista nuda + Leptonia serrulata + Leptosphaeria acuta ++ Leucopaxillus amarus + + Limacella ochraceolutea + Lycoperdon foetidum + Lycoperdon perlatum +++ + Marasmiellus candidus +++ Marasmius androsaceus ++ +


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Marasmius limosus NEW + Marasmius plicatulus ++ + + Marasmius salalis ++ Melanoleuca humilis NEW ++ Melanoleuca stridula + ++ Micromphale arbuticola +++ Mollisia cinerea + ++ Morchella elata ++ ++ Mucronella bresadolae + Mucronella pendula + Mucronella pulchra ++ Mycena acicula ++ Mycena adonis + ++ Mycena alcalina + Mycena algeriensis + Mycena amicta +++ +++ +++ Mycena atroalboides + Mycena capillaripes + Mycena cinerella + Mycena clavata + Mycena corticola NEW ++ Mycena delicatella + ++ Mycena epipterygia ++ ++ Mycena filopes +++ +++ +++ Mycena flavoalba + Mycena fuliginella + Mycena fusco-ocula + Mycena galericulata + Mycena leptocephala +++ +++ +++ Mycena luteopallens + Mycena maculata + + ++ Mycena metata + ++ + Mycena olivaceomarginata + Mycena parabolica +++ +++ Mycena pura + ++ + Mycena purpureofusca +++ +++ +++ Mycena rorida + + Mycena rugulosiceps ++ Mycena rutilantiformis +


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Mycena sanguinolenta + Mycena speirea ++ +++ Mycena stannea + Mycena subcana + Mycena tenella + Nectria cinnabarina + Nectria coccinea NEW + Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora ++ Nidula niveotomentosa + Nitschkia collapsa NEW + Nitschkia convertula NEW + Nitschkia grevillei NEW + + Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata + +++ Nolanea farinolens + Nolanea fusciceps + Nolanea hirtipes +++ ++ Nolanea holoconiota +++ Nolanea pusillipapillata + Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica + Omphalina ericetorum +++ +++ Omphalina obscurata +++ Orbilia delicatula NEW + + Orbilia inflatula +++ Otidea onotica +++ ++ Otidea smithii + Panaeolus foenisecii + Panellus stipticus ++ Paraeccilia minutissima NEW + Paullicorticium niveocremeum NEW + Peniophora aurantiaca + Peniophora cinerea + Peniophora decorticans +++ +++ Peniophora incarnata +++ + + Peniophora polygonia + Peniophora septentrionalis + Peniophorella pubera ++ ++ +++ Perenniporia sp. (Jim Ginns?) NEW + Peziza brunneoatra + Phaeohelotium subcarneum +


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Phaeohelotium umbilicatum + Phaeolus schweinitzii ++ + Phaeomarasmius rimulincola NEW + Phanerochaete sanguinea + + Phanerochaete sordida + ++ Phanerochaete tuberculata NEW + Phellinus ferreus +++ +++ + Phellinus pini ++ +++ Phellodon tomentosus NEW + Phlebia livida + Phlebia phlebioides NEW + Phlebia rufa NEW + Phlebia subcretacea NEW + Phlebiella christiansenii + Pholiota albocrenulata + Pholiota decorata ++ ++ Pirex concentricus + + Plectania melastoma + Pleospora herbarum NEW + Pleuroflammula ragazziana NEW + Pleurotus ostreatus +++ Pluteus cervinus ++ + Pluteus plautus + + Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus + Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus + Pluteus pouzarianus var. albus NEW + Pluteus romellii + + Pluteus thomsonii + Polydesmia pruinosa + Polyporus badius +++ +++ +++ Pouzarella fulvostrigosa + Propolis versicolor + Psathyrella candolleana ++ Psathyrella cernua ++ Psathyrella hymenocephala + Psathyrella longistriata + +++ Psathyrella obtusata NEW + Psathyrella olympiana ++ + Psathyrella orbitarum NEW +


40

Psathyrella paradoxa + Psathyrella prona var. prona + Psathyrella vesiculocystis +++ Pseudohydnum gelatinosum +++ +++ +++ Pseudombrophila cervaria NEW + + Pseudoplectania melaena + Psilachnum chrysostigma + Psilachnum inquilinum NEW + Psilocybe inquilina + Psilocybe montana + Pycnoporellus alboluteus + Ramaria acrisiccescens + Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora NEW

+

Ramaria testaceoflava NEW + Ramaricium albo-ochraceum + + Ramaricium flavomarginatum +++ ++ Rhizopogon villosulus NEW + Rhodocollybia butyracea +++ Rhodocybe aureicystidiata + + Rhodocybe fallax NEW + Rhodocybe nitellina +++ + + Rhodocybe nuciolens + Rhytisma punctatum +++ + Rickenella fibula + Ripartites serotinus NEW + Russula abietina ++ + Russula brevipes + Russula brunneoviolacea ++ + Russula cascadensis +++ + Russula cremoricolor + Russula fragilis + Russula fragrantissima +++ +++ + Russula murrillii ++ + Russula mustelina + + Russula ochroleuca NEW + Russula placita ++ Russula queletii + Russula raoultii + Russula silvicola NEW +


41

Russula sororia +++ +++ Russula stuntzii + Russula velenovskyi ++ ++ Russula veternosa + +++ + Russula xerampelina + ++ ++ Sarcosphaera coronaria + Schizopora paradoxa ++ + +++ Scopuloides rimosa + Scutellinia scutellata +++ Simocybe rubi + + + Simocybe sumptuosa NEW ++ Skeletocutis alutacea + Skeletocutis nivea NEW ++ Sordaria fimicola NEW + Sparassis crispa + Sphaerobolus stellatus ++ + + Sporormiella australis NEW + Steccherinum fimbriatum + Steccherinum ochraceum + + Stereum hirsutum +++ +++ ++ Stereum sanguinolentum ++ +++ ++ Stereum striatum +++ +++ + Stictis radiata +++ + Stilbella sp. NEW + Strobilurus albipilatus ++ + Strobilurus trullisatus +++ +++ Stropharia ambigua ++ +++ + Stropharia pseudocyanea NEW + Suillus caerulescens +++ ++ +++ Suillus lakei +++ Tapesia fusca + ++ +++ Taphrina alni + Tephrocybe ozes + Thelebolus stercoreus NEW + Thelephora anthocephala + Tomentella terrestris + Tomentellopsis echinospora + Trametes versicolor ++ Tremella aurantia NEW +++


42

Tremella encephala + Tremella foliacea + Tremella mesenterica + + Tremella moriformis NEW + Tremella obscura NEW + Tremellodendropsis tuberosa +++ Tremiscus helvelloides + Trichaptum abietinum + +++ Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum + + Tricholoma equestre NEW + Tricholoma griseoviolaceum NEW + ++ Tricholoma leucophyllum + Tricholoma myomyces + + Tricholoma pardinum + Tricholoma saponaceum ++ + Tricholoma sp. + Tricholoma sulphureum +++ +++ +++ Tricholoma terreum +++ ++ + Tubaria conspersa +++ Tubaria hiemalis + Tubaria punicea +++ Tubulicrinis angustus ++ Tubulicrinis borealis NEW + Tubulicrinis glebulosus +++ Tubulicrinis subulatus ++ Tyromyces caesius +++ + +++ Tyromyces chioneus + ++ Tyromyces fragilis + + Tyromyces mollis + UnguiculellaUnguiculella sp. as in 2008 + Unknown blue mushroom NEW ++ Velutarina rufo-olivacea ++ Xenasma rimicola ++ + Xeromphalina campanella +++ + ++ Xeromphalina cornui + Xeromphalina fulvipes +++ + ++ Xylaria hypoxylon +++ +++ +++


43


44

Appendix 2: Cumulative list of species from the last eight surveys (2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/2011, &

2011/12) Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare ? - preliminary identification

2004/

05

2005/

06

2006/

07

2007/

08

2008/

09

2009/

10

2010/

11

2011/

12

Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum **

x

Agaricus arvensis x

Agaricus diminutivus x x x x x x

Agaricus hondensis x x x x x x

Agaricus micromegathus x x x x

Agaricus niveolutescens * x

Agaricus praeclaresquamosus x x x x x

Agaricus silvicola x x x x

Agrocybe erebia * x x

Agrocybe praecox x x x x

Agrocybe semiorbicularis x

Alboleptonia ochracea * x x

Albotricha laetior x

Albotricha washingtonensis x

Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum **

x

Aleurodiscus aurantius ** x x

Aleurodiscus grantii x x x x x x x

Aleurodiscus penicillatus * x x x x x x

Alnicola bohemica * x

Alnicola melinoides x

Alnicola salicis ** x

Alnicola suavis ** x

Alpova diplophloeus x

Amanita brunnescens * x

Amanita gemmata x x x x

Amanita muscaria x x

Amanita muscaria yellow form x

Amanita pachycolea* x

Amanita pantherina x x x x x x


45

Amanita porphyria x x

Amanita silvicola x x

Amphinema byssoides x x

Antrodia carbonica * x

Antrodia malicola * x x x x x x

Antrodia serialis x

Antrodiella semisupina * x

Antrodiella sp. x

Armillaria gallica ? x

Armillaria ostoyae x x x x x x x

Armillaria sinapina x x

Arrhenia spathulata x x x x

Ascobolus furfuraceus x

Ascocoryne cylichnium ** x

Astraeus hygrometricus * x x x x x x

Athelia bombacina x

Athelia fibulata * x

Athelia neuhoffii x

Athelidium sp. * x

Auriscalpium vulgare x x x x x x x x

Baeospora myosura x

Basidiodendron eyrei * x x

Basidiodendron rimosum * x

Bisporella citrina x x x x x x x x

Bisporella subpallida ** x x x

Bisporella sulfurina * x x

Bolbitius variicolor x

Bolbitius vitellinus x x x

Boletus appendiculatus ** x

Boletus truncatus x x x x x x

Boletus zelleri x x x x

Bondarzewia montana x

Botryobasidium candicans x x x

Botryobasidium conspersum x x

Botryobasidium obtusisporum * x x x

Botryobasidium subcoronatum * x

Botryohypochnus isabellinus x

Bovista colorata ** x

Bovista plumbea x x x x


46

Bulgariella pulla x x

Byssonectria fusispora ** x

Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* x x x x x x x x

Callorina fusarioides x

Calocera cornea x x x x x x x

Calocera viscosa x x x x x x x

Calocybe chrysenteron ** x

Calonectria pyrochroa x

Caloscypha fulgens ** x

Calycellina punctiformis x

Calyptella capula x

Cantharellula umbonata * x x x x x

Cantharellus formosus x x x x

Ceriporia purpurea ** x x x x

Ceriporia reticulata x x

Ceriporiopsis subvermispora x x x

Chalciporus piperatoides * x

Chalciporus piperatus x x x

Chlorociboria aeruginascens x x x x x

Chlorophyllum rachodes x x x x

Chondrostereum purpureum * x x x x

Chromosera cyanophylla * x x x x x x x x

Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * x x x x x

Chrysomphalina chrysophylla x

Ciboria rufofusca x x

Ciboria sp. ** x

Cinereomyces lindbladii * x

Claudopus byssisedus ** x x x x x x

Claussenomyces atrovirens * x x

Clavaria vermicularis x x x x x

Clavariadelphus occidentalis * x

Clavariadelphus truncatus x x

Clavulina cinerea * x x x x x x

Clavulina cristata x x x x x x x x

Clavulina rugosa * x x x x x x x

Clavulinopsis corniculata ** x x x x

Clavulinopsis fusiformis * x x

Clavulinopsis laeticolor * x x x x x x x

Clavulinopsis subtilis * x


47

Clavulinopsis umbrinella ** x

Clitocybe alnetorum ? ** x

Clitocybe brumalis x x

Clitocybe cacabus ? x

Clitocybe candicans x

Clitocybe cerussata ** x

Clitocybe clavipes x x

Clitocybe dealbata x x x x x

Clitocybe deceptiva * x x x x x x x x

Clitocybe elegantula * x x x x x x x

Clitocybe foetens x

Clitocybe 'georgina' ** x x x x

Clitocybe gigantea ** x

Clitocybe harmajae x

Clitocybe incarnata x x

Clitocybe nebularis * x x x

Clitocybe obsoleta * x x x

Clitocybe ornamentalis ** x

Clitocybe radicellata * x x x x x x x

Clitocybe sclerotoidea ** x

Clitocybe subclavipes ? * x x

Clitocybe subditopoda ? * x

Clitocybe tenuissima * x

Clitocybe trulliformis x x x x x x

Clitocybe trulliformis ? ** x x

Clitocybe umbilicata * x x x

Clitocybe vibecina * x x x x x x x

Clitocybe vibecina ? ** x

Clitopilus prunulus x x x x

Coccomyces arbutifolius x

Coccomyces dentatus x x x x

Coltricia cinnamomea x x x x x x

Coltricia perennis x x x x

Coniophora arida ** x

Coniophora puteana ** x x

Conocybe appendiculata ** x

Conocybe brunneola ** x x

Conocybe dumetorum ** x x x x

Conocybe filaris x


48

Conocybe pilosella ** x x x x

Conocybe pseudopilosella * x

Conocybe rickeniana ** x

Conocybe siennophylla ** x x x

Conocybe tenera * x x x x

Coprinellus heptemerus * x

Coprinopsis stercorea * x

Coprinus disseminatus x x x

Coprinus friesii x

Coprinus giganteosporus * x

Coprinus gonophyllus ** x

Coprinus impatiens ** x x x x x x

Coprinus lagopus x x x x x x x

Coprinus micaceus x x x

Coprinus niveus ** x x

Coprinus plicatilis ? x

Coprinus silvaticus * x

Coprinus xanthothrix ** x x x x x

Cordyceps militaris ** x x x

Cortinarius acutus x x x

Cortinarius atrovirens x

Cortinarius badius x

Cortinarius biformis x x x

Cortinarius caerulescens ** x

Cortinarius californicus x x x x x x x x

Cortinarius casimiri x x x x x x x

Cortinarius ceraceus x x x x

Cortinarius cinnamomeus x x x x x x x x

Cortinarius croceus * x x x x

Cortinarius delibutus x

Cortinarius duracinus x x x

Cortinarius elotus x

Cortinarius epipoleus x

Cortinarius evernius x

Cortinarius fasciatus x x

Cortinarius flexipes x

Cortinarius fulmineus ** x

Cortinarius fulvescens x

Cortinarius glaucopus x x x


49

Cortinarius helobius x

Cortinarius hinnuleus x

Cortinarius idahoensis ** x x x x x

Cortinarius infractus x x x x

Cortinarius leucopus * x x x x x x x x

Cortinarius lucorum x

Cortinarius obtusus x x

Cortinarius olearioides x

Cortinarius olivaceopictus ** x

Cortinarius parevernius x

Cortinarius phoeniceus x x

Cortinarius pulchripes ? x

Cortinarius rigens x x

Cortinarius sanguineus nom.prov. **

x

Cortinarius saturninus ** x x x

Cortinarius scandens x x x x x x

Cortinarius semisanguineus x x

Cortinarius sertipes * x x x x x

Cortinarius sp. #1 x

Cortinarius sp. #2 x

Cortinarius sp. * small the same as Jocelyn Hill with boletoid spores

x

Cortinarius sp. subgen. Phlegmacium

x

Cortinarius spp., subgen. Telamonia

x x

Cortinarius subannulatus ** x x

Cortinarius subbalaustinus * x

Cortinarius suillus x

Cortinarius turmalis x

Cortinarius variicolor ** x

Cortinarius velenovskyi * x x

Cortinarius venetus var. venetus *

x x

Cortinarius vernalis ? x x

Cortinarius vernus ** x x x x x x x

Cortinarius vernus ? (big one red stipe base in UV)

x

Cortinarius vibratilis x

Cortinarius zakii ** x


50

Craterellus tubaeformis x x x

Crepidotus epibryus x x x x x

Crepidotus lundellii * x x x x x x x x

Crepidotus mollis x x x x x x x

Crepidotus subverrucisporus ** x x x

Crepidotus variabilis * x

Crepidotus versutus ** x x x

Cristinia helvetica * x

Crocicreas cyathoideum * x x x

Crucibulum laeve x x x x x

Cryptoporus volvatus x x x x x x

Cucurbitaria berberidis x

Cucurbitaria spartii x

Cudoniella clavus * x x x

Cyathus olla * x

Cylindrobasidium laeve ** x x x x x x

Cystoderma amianthinum x x x x x x x x

Cystoderma fallax x x x x x x x x

Cystoderma granulosum x x x x x x x x

Cystolepiota seminuda x x x x x x x x

Cytidia stereoides x x x x

Dacrymyces capitatus * x x x x x

Dacrymyces ovisporus ** x x x

Dacrymyces palmatus x x x x x x x x

Dacrymyces stillatus * x x x x x x x x

Dacrymyces variisporus * x

Dacryobolus sudans * x x

Dasyscyphella montana x

Dematioscypha dematiicola x

Dendrothele candida x

Dendrothele incrustans x

Dermoloma cuneifolium ** x

Dermoloma pseudocuneifolium * x

Diatrype albopruinosa x

Diatrype disciformis x

Dichostereum granulosum x x x x

Discina perlata x

Discinella boudieri * x

Durella connivens * x


51

Durella melanochlora x x

Durella sp. * x

Endogone pisiformis * x x

Entoloma lignicola ** x x x

Entoloma rhodopolium ** x

Entoloma rhodopolium f.9278 ** x

Exidia glandulosa * x x

Exidia nucleata ** x

Fayodia leucophylla x x

Fayodia pseudoclusilis * x x x x x x

Fayodia sp. x

Flammulaster carpophilus var. subincarnatus **

x

Flammulaster granulosus ** x

Flammulina velutipes x

Fomes fomentarius x x x x x

Fomitopsis cajanderi x x x x x x x x

Fomitopsis pinicola x x x x x x x x

Galerina atkinsoniana var. atkinsoniana *

x x x x x x x

Galerina autumnalis x x x x x x x

Galerina badipes * x x x x x x x x

Galerina castaneipes ** x x

Galerina cedretorum var. bispora x x x x x x x

Galerina cedretorum var. cedretorum

x x

Galerina cedretorum var. filiformis x

Galerina cerina var. longicystis * x x

Galerina cinnamomea ** x x x x

Galerina cuspidata x x

Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis

x x x x x x x

Galerina evelata var. evelata * x x x x x x x

Galerina fallax f. fallax ** x x

Galerina fibrillosa ** x x

Galerina filiformis x x x x

Galerina fontinalis x

Galerina heterocystis x x x x x x x x

Galerina jaapii f. jaapii x x x x

Galerina jaapii f. mammillata x x x


52

Galerina laticeps * x

Galerina lubrica * x x x x

Galerina mammillata * x x x x x

Galerina marginata * x x x x x x x

Galerina minima * x x x

Galerina mniophila * x

Galerina nigripes * x x

Galerina oregonensis x x x x x x x

Galerina permixta x

Galerina perplexa x

Galerina pruinatipes var. fulvipes* x x x

Galerina pruinatipes var. pruinatipes

x

Galerina pseudobadipes x x x

Galerina pumila var. pumila x x x x x x x

Galerina rostrata x x x x

Galerina sideroides * x x x x x x x x

Galerina sp. x

Galerina stylifera var. stylifera** x x x

Galerina subbadia * x x

Galerina subcerina x x

Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis

x x

Galerina unicolor * x x x x

Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. bispora

x x x x

Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora *

x x x x x x

Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora *

x x x x x x x x

Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis *

x x x x

Ganoderma applanatum x x x x x

Ganoderma tsugae x x x x

Geoglossum glutinosum ** x

Geoglossum umbratile ** x x

Geopyxis vulcanalis x x x x

Gloeocystidiellum furfuraceum x

Gloeocystidiellum karstenii x

Gloeophyllum sepiarium x x

Gnomonia cerastis x


53

Gomphidius glutinosus * x x x x x x x

Gomphidius oregonensis x x x x x x

Gomphidius smithii x x x x x

Gomphidius subroseus x x x x x x x x

Gomphus floccosus x x x x x x

Gomphus kauffmanii ** x x x x

Gymnopilus bellulus * x x x x

Gymnopilus luteofolius ** x

Gymnopilus picreus x x x x x x

Gymnopilus sapineus x x x x x x x

Gymnopus alcalivirens * x

Gymnopus biformis ** x x x

Gymnopus confluens x x x x x x

Gymnopus dryophilus * x x x x x

Gymnopus earleae * x x x

Gymnopus erythropus ** x

Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * x x x x x x x x

Gymnopus luxurians * x

Gymnopus ocior ? * x

Gymnopus peronatus x x x

Gymnopus putillus * x x x

Gymnopus subnudus x x

Gymnopus subsulphureus * x x x

Gyromitra esculenta x x x

Gyromitra infula x x

Gyroporus castaneus * x

Hapalopilus salmonicolor ** x x

Haplotrichum conspersum? ** x x

Hebeloma birrus x x x x x

Hebeloma crustuliniforme x x x x x

Hebeloma fragilipes x

Hebeloma hiemale * x x x x x

Hebeloma incarnatulum x

Hebeloma lutense * x x x x

Hebeloma mesophaeum x x x x x x

Hebeloma populinum x

Hebeloma praeolidum x

Hebeloma pusillum x x

Hebeloma sacchariolens x x x x x x x


54

Hebeloma sinapizans ** x

Hebeloma sinapizans? ** x x

Hebeloma velutipes * x x

Helicobasidium corticioides * x

Helvella acetabulum * x

Helvella compressa * x x x x

Helvella lacunosa x x x x x x x x

Helvella maculata * x x x

Helvella villosa ** x x x x

Hemimycena crispata * x

Hemimycena cucullata * x

Hemimycena hirsuta * x

Hemimycena ignobilis * x

Hemimycena nebulophila x x x x

Hemimycena pithya x

Hemimycena pseudocrispula * x

Hemimycena subimmaculata * x

Hemimycena tortuosa ** x x x x x

Henningsomyces candidus * x x

Hericium erinaceus x

Heterobasidion annosum x x

Heterotextus alpinus x x x x

Heterotextus luteus * x x x x x x

Hohenbuehelia petaloides x x x x x x x

Humaria hemisphaerica ** x x x x x

Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina

x x x

Hyaloscypha britannica * x

Hyaloscypha daedaleae x x

Hyaloscypha fuckelii x

Hyaloscypha herbarum x

Hyaloscypha quercicola x x

Hyaloscypha vitreola x x

Hydnellum aurantiacum x x

Hydnellum caeruleum x

Hydnum repandum x x x x

Hydnum umbilicatum x x x x x x x

Hydropus scabripes ** x

Hygrocybe conica x x x x x x x

Hygrocybe miniata x x x x x x


55

Hygrocybe minutula * x

Hygrocybe parvula ** x x x

Hygrocybe persistens ** x x x x x

Hygrocybe pratensis * x x x x x x x x

Hygrocybe psittacina * x x x x x

Hygrocybe punicea x

Hygrocybe quieta x

Hygrocybe russocoriacea * x x x

Hygrocybe singeri ** x

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca x x x

Hygrophoropsis olida x x x

Hygrophorus agathosmus x x x

Hygrophorus chrysodon x

Hygrophorus eburneus x x

Hygrophorus occidentalis * x

Hygrophorus piceae x x

Hygrophorus pusillus * x

Hygrophorus sordidus * x

Hymenochaete rubiginosa * x x x x x

Hymenochaete tabacina * x x x x x x

Hymenoscyphus caudatus * x x x

Hymenoscyphus fructigenus * x x

Hymenoscyphus herbarum x

Hymenoscyphus imberbis x

Hymenoscyphus phyllogenus x

Hymenoscyphus salicellus ** x x x

Hymenoscyphus scutula * x

Hymenoscyphus sp. * x

Hymenoscyphus subtilis * x

Hymenoscyphus virgultorum ** x x

Hyphoderma amoenum x

Hyphoderma argillaceum * x x

Hyphoderma cremeoalbum x x

Hyphoderma mutatum x

Hyphoderma praetermissum x x

Hyphoderma roseocremeum x

Hyphoderma sambuci x x

Hyphoderma setigerum * x

Hyphodermella corrugata * x x


56

Hyphodontia alutaria x x

Hyphodontia arguta x

Hyphodontia aspera x x

Hyphodontia breviseta x x

Hyphodontia cineracea * x x

Hyphodontia crustosa x x x

Hyphodontia floccosa x x

Hyphodontia nespori x

Hyphodontia quercina x

Hyphodontia sp. * x

Hyphodontia subalutacea * x x x x

Hypholoma capnoides x x x x x x x

Hypholoma fasciculare x x x x x x x x

Hypholoma radicosum x x

Hypochnicium geogenium x x

Hypochnicium punctulatum x

Hypocrea aureoviridis * x

Hypocrea gelatinosa ** x

Hypocrea pulvinata ** x x x x

Hypocrea rufa x x

Hypocrea sp. ** x

Hypomyces cervinigenus x x x x x x

Hypomyces lactifluorum x x x x x x

Hypoxylon rubiginosum * x x

Hysterographium fraxini * x x

Inocephalus cystomarginatus ** x x

Inocephalus furfuraceodiscus ** x

Inocephalus minutopilus ** x

Inocephalus rhombisporus ** x

Inocybe abjecta x x x x x

Inocybe agglutinata ** x x

Inocybe amblyspora * x x x

Inocybe assimilata x x x x x x

Inocybe auricoma x x x x

Inocybe calamistrata x

Inocybe calida ** x x x

Inocybe castanea x

Inocybe cincinnata var. major ** x x x

Inocybe cinnamomea * x x x x x x


57

Inocybe curvipes x x

Inocybe dulcamara * x x

Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa **

x x x x x

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** x x x x x x

Inocybe fuscodisca * x x x x x

Inocybe geophylla x x x x x x x x

Inocybe glabrescens ** x x

Inocybe glabrodisca ** x x x

Inocybe grammata * x x x x x x x

Inocybe griseolilacina * x x x x x x x x

Inocybe hirtella?** x

Inocybe hotsoniana x x x

Inocybe inodora ** x

Inocybe jacobi ** x x x x

Inocybe kauffmanii ** x x x x x

Inocybe lacera var. helobia * x x x x

Inocybe lacera var. lacera * x x x x x x x x

Inocybe lanuginosa x x x

Inocybe leiocephala ** x x x x x

Inocybe lilacina x x x x x x x x

Inocybe mixtilis * x x x x x x x x

Inocybe nitidiuscula * x x x x x x x x

Inocybe olympiana ? x

Inocybe perbrevis x

Inocybe phaeodisca var. geophylloides *

x

Inocybe phaeodisca var. phaeodisca *

x

Inocybe posterula x x

Inocybe praetervisa ** x

Inocybe pseudodestricta ** x x x x x

Inocybe pudica * x x x x x x x x

Inocybe pusio ** x x x x x

Inocybe rennyi x x

Inocybe rimosa var. rimosa ** x

Inocybe salicis * x x

Inocybe sindonia ** x x x x x x

Inocybe soluta x x x

Inocybe sororia x x x x x


58

Inocybe splendens var. phaeoleuca *

x x

Inocybe stellatospora ** x x x x x x

Inocybe subcarpta ** x x x x x x x

Inocybe terrigena ** x x

Inocybe xanthomelas ** x x x x

Inonotus tomentosus x

Irpex lacteus * x x x x

Ischnoderma benzoinum x x

Jahnoporus hirtus x x x x x x

Kuehneromyces vernalis * x x

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis x x x x x x x x

Laccaria bicolor x x x x

Laccaria laccata x x x x x x x x

Laccaria tetraspora * x x x x x

Lachnella alboviolascens ** x x x x x

Lachnellula calyciformis * x x x x

Lachnellula gallica * x x x x

Lachnellula occidentalis * x x

Lachnellula subtillissima x

Lachnum brevipilosum ** x x x x

Lachnum fasciculare * x x x

Lachnum impudicum * x x x x x

Lachnum pudibundum x x x

Lachnum pygmaeum x

Lachnum rhytismatis x

Lachnum virgineum x x x x x

Lactarius fragilis x x x

Lactarius hepaticus x

Lactarius kauffmanii x

Lactarius luculentus * x x x x

Lactarius occidentalis x x x

Lactarius pseudomucidus x x x

Lactarius rubrilacteus x x x x x x

Lactarius subflammeus x

Lactarius subviscidus * x x x x x x x x

Lactarius uvidus x x x

Laeticorticium minnsiae x x x

Laetiporus conifericola x

Lanzia luteovirescens ** x x x x x


59

Lasiobelonium barbatum x

Lasiobelonium relicinum x

Lasiobelonium variegatum x

Lasiobolus cuniculi x

Lasiosphaeria ovina x

Leccinum manzanitae x x

Lentaria pinicola * x x x x x x x x

Lentinellus flabelliformis * x x x x

Lentinellus omphalodes * x x x x

Lenzites betulina x

Lepiota boudieri ** x x x x x

Lepiota carinii ** x x x

Lepiota castanea * x x x x x x x

Lepiota clypeolaria * x x

Lepiota clypeolarioides * x x

Lepiota cristata x x x x x

Lepiota griseovirens * x

Lepiota ignipes ** x x x x

Lepiota josserandii x x x x x x

Lepiota pallida * x

Lepiota pseudoasperula ** x

Lepiota pseudofelina ** x

Lepiota rubrotincta ** x

Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 1** x

Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 2 ** x x

Lepiota subincarnata * x

Lepiota tomentella ** x x

Lepiota ventriosospora x x x x x x x

Lepista densifolia * x

Lepista inversa x x x

Lepista nuda x x x x x x

Leptonia badissima ** x

Leptonia convexa var. badiodorsa **

x

Leptonia diversa * x

Leptonia earlei ** x

Leptonia exalbida x

Leptonia formosa var. formosa * x

Leptonia separata * x

Leptonia serrulata * x x


60

Leptonia sp. x

Leptonia strictipes * x

Leptonia turci * x

Leptonia yatesii ** x

Leptosphaeria acuta * x x x

Leucoagaricus naucinus x x

Leucopaxillus albissimus x x

Leucopaxillus amarus x x x x x x

Leucopaxillus septentrionalis ** x

Limacella delicata var. glioderma **

x

Limacella illinita ** x

Limacella ochraceolutea ** x x x x

Lycoperdon foetidum * x x x x x x x

Lycoperdon perlatum x x x x x x x x

Lycoperdon pusillum ** x x x

Lyophyllum decastes x

Lyophyllum semitale x x x

Lyophyllum sp. x

Macrocystidia cucumis var. latifolia **

x x x

Marasmiellus candidus x x x x x x x x

Marasmiellus pluvius ** x x

Marasmiellus ramealis ** x

Marasmius androsaceus * x x x x x x x

Marasmius chordalis ** x x

Marasmius limosus x

Marasmius pallidocephalus ? x

Marasmius plicatulus x x x x x x x x

Marasmius salalis x x x x x x x

Marasmius scorodonius ** x

Melanoleuca alboflavida? ** x

Melanoleuca cognata ** x x

Melanoleuca humilis x

Melanoleuca stridula x x x x x x x x

Melanophyllum echinatum ** x

Melanotus horizontalis ** x x x x

Meruliopsis corium * x x x x x

Merulius tremellosus x

Microglossum olivaceum ** x


61

Micromphale arbuticola x x x x x x x

Micromphale foetidum x

Micromphale perforans * x x x

Mollisia cinerea x x x

Mollisia discolor * x

Mollisia lividofusca * x x x

Mollisia sp. ** x

Mollisia ventosa * x

Morchella elata x x x

Mucronella bresadolae ** x x x x x x

Mucronella pendula ** x x x x x x

Mucronella pulchra ** x x

Mycena abramsii * x x x x x

Mycena acicula ** x x x x x

Mycena adonis x x x x x x x

Mycena adscendens ** x

Mycena albissima * x x x x

Mycena albogrisea x

Mycena alcalina x x x x x x x x

Mycena alcaliniformis? * x

Mycena algeriensis ** x x x x x x x

Mycena amicta * x x x x x x x x

Mycena atroalboides x x x x x x x

Mycena aurantiidisca x x x

Mycena aurantiomarginata x

Mycena capillaripes * x x x x x x

Mycena capillaris * x

Mycena chlorinella x

Mycena cineraria ** x

Mycena cinerella ** x x x x

Mycena citrinomarginata * x x x x

Mycena clavata x x

Mycena clavicularis ** x x

Mycena corticaticeps ** x

Mycena corticola ** x

Mycena corynephora ** x

Mycena debilis * x x x x

Mycena delectabilis? * x

Mycena delicatella * x x x x x x x x


62

Mycena elegans * x x x

Mycena elegantula * x x x x x x

Mycena epipterygia x x x x x x x

Mycena excisa* x

Mycena filopes x x x x x x x x

Mycena flavescens * x

Mycena flavoalba x x x x x

Mycena fragillima * x x x x x

Mycena fuliginella * x x

Mycena fusco-ocula x x x x x x x

Mycena galericulata x x x x x x x

Mycena galopus x x x x

Mycena gypsea * x

Mycena haematopus var. marginata

x x x x x

Mycena hiemalis * x x

Mycena inclinata * x x x

Mycena kauffmaniana ** x

Mycena leptocephala x x x x x x x x

Mycena longipes ** x x

Mycena longiseta ** x x x

Mycena luteopallens x x

Mycena maculata x x x x x x x

Mycena magna ** x

Mycena metata * x x x x x

Mycena minutissima * x

Mycena olivaceomarginata x x x x x x x

Mycena oregonensis ** x

Mycena parabolica x x x x x x x x

Mycena paucilamellata x

Mycena pseudocorticola x

Mycena pura x x x x x x x

Mycena purpureofusca x x x x x x x x

Mycena pusilla ** x x

Mycena rorida x x x x x x x

Mycena roseipallens ** x x

Mycena rugulosiceps x x x x x

Mycena rutilantiformis ** x x

Mycena sanguinolenta x x x x x x x

Mycena speirea x x x x x x x x


63

Mycena stannea * x x x x x

Mycena subcana x x x

Mycena subcucullata x x x x x

Mycena subplicosa * x x

Mycena subsupina x x x x x x

Mycena supina * x x x

Mycena tenella x x x x x

Mycena ulmicola x

Mycena vitilis * x x x x

Mycenella nodulosa ** x x

Mycoacia fuscoatra * x

Mycoacia uda ** x x x

Nectria cinnabarina x x x x

Nectria coccinea x

Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora **

x x x x

Neournula pouchetii ** x

Nidula niveotomentosa * x x x x x x x

Nitschkia collapsa x

Nitschkia convertula x

Nitschkia grevillei x

Nolanea bicoloriceps ** x

Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * x x x x x x x x

Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora x

Nolanea farinolens * x x x x x x x x

Nolanea fructifragrans ** x x

Nolanea fusciceps x x x x x

Nolanea hebes x x

Nolanea hirtipes * x x x x x x x x

Nolanea holoconiota * x x x x x

Nolanea latifolia x

Nolanea lucida * x x x x x x

Nolanea obscurata * x x

Nolanea pseudostrictia * x

Nolanea pusillipapillata * x x x x

Nolanea sericea * x x x x

Nolanea sp. x

Nolanea staurospora var. incrustata f. incrustata **

x

Nolanea subsolstitialis * x x


64

Nolanea substrictia * x x

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica **

x x x x x x

Omphalina discorosea ** x

Omphalina epichysium * x

Omphalina ericetorum x x x x x x x x

Omphalina obscurata ** x x x x x

Omphalina pyxidata ** x x x

Omphalina rickenii x

Omphalina rivulicola x

Omphalina sp. x

Omphalina velutipes x x

Omphalina velutipes ? x

Orbilia delicatula ** x

Orbilia inflatula * x x

Orbilia luteorubella * x

Orbilia xanthostigma * x x

Ossicaulis lignatilis ** x x

Otidea alutacea * x

Otidea onotica * x x x x x x x

Otidea smithii ** x x x x

Panaeolus cinctulus ** x

Panaeolus foenisecii * x x

Panellus longinquus x x x x x x

Panellus mitis ** x

Panellus serotinus x x

Panellus stipticus ** x x x x x

Paraeccilia minutissima * x

Paraeccilia sericeonitida ** x

Paullicorticium niveocremeum x

Peniophora aurantiaca ** x x x x

Peniophora cinerea * x x x x

Peniophora decorticans x x x x

Peniophora incarnata * x x x x x x

Peniophora polygonia ** x x x x

Peniophora septentrionalis * x x

Peniophora violaceolivida x

Peniophorella pubera x x x

Penniporia sp. x

Perenniporia subacida x x x


65

Peziza brunneoatra * x x

Peziza repanda ** x x x x x x

Pezizella alniella x

Phaeohelotium extumescens ** x

Phaeohelotium subcarneum * x x x x

Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * x x x x x x x

Phaeolus schweinitzii x x x x x x x x

Phaeomarasmius rimulincola x

Phanerochaete sanguinea * x x

Phanerochaete sordida x x

Phanerochaete tuberculata x

Phellinus ferreus * x x x x x x

Phellinus ferruginosus * x x x

Phellinus pini x x x x

Phellodon atratus * x

Phellodon tomentosus * x

Phlebia livida ** x x

Phlebia phlebioides x

Phlebia radiata * x x x

Phlebia rufa x

Phlebia subcretacea x

Phlebia subochracea x

Phlebia subserialis x

Phlebiella christiansenii x x x x

Pholiota albocrenulata ** x x x x

Pholiota astragalina * x

Pholiota aurivella x x

Pholiota decorata x x x x

Pholiota graminis ** x

Pholiota lenta x

Pholiota malicola x

Pholiota oedipus ? * x

Pholiota terrestris x

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus x x x

Physisporinus rivulosus x

Pirex concentricus * x x

Pithya vulgaris * x

Plectania melastoma * x x

Pleospora herbarum x


66

Pleuroflammula ragazziana ** x

Pleurotus dryinus * x x x

Pleurotus ostreatus x x x

Pluteus cervinus x x x x x x x

Pluteus cinereofuscus ** x

Pluteus exiguus ** x x

Pluteus leoninus ** x x

Pluteus nanus f. nanus ** x

Pluteus pallescens ** x x

Pluteus plautus x x

Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus **

x x x

Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus x x x

Pluteus pouzarianus ** x

Pluteus pouzarianus var. albus ** x

Pluteus primus * x

Pluteus romellii x x x x x x x

Pluteus thomsonii * x x

Polydesmia pruinosa ** x x

Polyporus badius x x x x x x x x

Polyporus brumalis * x x

Polyporus elegans x

Polyporus tuberaster x x x

Pouzarella fulvostrigosa ** x x

Pouzarella versatilis ** x

Primitive ascomycete ** x

Propolis versicolor * x x x x

Protocrea farinosa ** x

Psathyrella bifrons ? x

Psathyrella candolleana * x x x x x

Psathyrella cernua x x

Psathyrella distans ** x x

Psathyrella hymenocephala * x x x

Psathyrella longistriata x x x x x x x x

Psathyrella microrhiza * x

Psathyrella murcida ? x x

Psathyrella nolitangere ** x

Psathyrella obtusata x

Psathyrella ocellata ** x x x x x x

Psathyrella olympiana ** x x x x x x


67

Psathyrella orbitarum * x

Psathyrella paradoxa ** x x x x x x x

Psathyrella piluliformis * x

Psathyrella prona var. prona ** x x x

Psathyrella pseudotrepida ** x x

Psathyrella sacchariolens ** x

Psathyrella senex ** x x

Psathyrella sp. no. 1 x

Psathyrella sp. no. 2 x

Psathyrella spadiceogrisea ** x x x

Psathyrella subcaerulea var. subcaerulea **

x

Psathyrella subhepatica ** x x

Psathyrella subnuda var. velosa ** x x

Psathyrella subsquamulosa x

Psathyrella tephrophylla * x x x x

Psathyrella vesiculocystis ** x x x

Pseudobaeospora sp. ** x

Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis * x x x x x

Pseudoclitocybe obbata x

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum x x x x x x x x

Pseudombrophila cervaria x

Pseudoplectania melaena x x x x x

Psilachnum chrysostigma x x x

Psilachnum inquilinum x

Psilocybe crobula ** x x x

Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa * x

Psilocybe inquilina * x x x x x x

Psilocybe montana x x x x x x x x

Psilocybe pelliculosa * x

Psilocybe phyllogena ** x x x x

Pycnoporellus alboluteus ** x x x x

Radulomyces confluens x

Ramaria acrisiccescens x x x

Ramaria aurantiisiccescens ** x

Ramaria curta ** x

Ramaria fennica x

Ramaria flaccida x

Ramaria formosa x x

Ramaria gracilis ? x


68

Ramaria marrii ** x

Ramaria myceliosa ** x x x

Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora *

x

Ramaria rubella var. rubella ** x

Ramaria rubiginosa ** x

Ramaria stricta * x

Ramaria testaceoflava x

Ramaricium albo-ochraceum x x

Ramaricium flavomarginatum x x

Resupinatus applicatus ** x

Rhizopogon ellenae ** x x x

Rhizopogon parksii x x x

Rhizopogon sp. x

Rhizopogon villosulus x

Rhizopogon vinicolor * x

Rhodocollybia badiialba x

Rhodocollybia butyracea x x x x x x x x

Rhodocollybia maculata x

Rhodocollybia oregonensis x x x

Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** x x x x x

Rhodocybe fallax x

Rhodocybe hirneola ** x x x

Rhodocybe melleopallens ** x x x

Rhodocybe mundula ** x x x x x

Rhodocybe nitellina * x x x x x x x x

Rhodocybe nuciolens ** x x x x x

Rhodocybe priscua x

Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * x x

Rhytisma punctatum x x x x

Rickenella fibula x x x x x x

Rickenella setipes * x

Rimbachia bryophila ** x x

Rimbachia paludosa ** x

Ripartites metrodii x

Ripartites serotinus x

Ripartites sp. x

Russula abietina * x x x

Russula adusta x

Russula albida x


69

Russula alutacea ** x

Russula aureofulva nom. prov. ** x

Russula bicolor x x x x x x

Russula brevipes x x x x x x x

Russula brevipes var. acrior x x x x x

Russula brunneoviolacea ** x x

Russula cascadensis ** x x x x

Russula cessans ** x x x

Russula cremoricolor x x

Russula crenulata ** x x x x

Russula densifolia ** x x x

Russula fragilis x x x x x

Russula fragrantissima x x x x x x x x

Russula maculata x

Russula mariae * x

Russula murrillii * x x x x

Russula mustelina x x

Russula ochroleuca ** x

Russula pelargonia x

Russula placita x x x x x

Russula queletii x x

Russula raoultii x x

Russula silvicola ** x

Russula sororia x x x x x x x x

Russula stuntzii * x x x x x x

Russula subalutacea x

Russula turci x

Russula velenovskyi ** x x

Russula veternosa * x x x x x x

Russula xerampelina x x x x x x x

Sarcosoma mexicanum ** x

Sarcosphaera coronaria x x x

Schizopora paradoxa x x x

Scleroderma areolatum * x x

Scleroderma cepa x x

Scopuloides rimosa x x x

Scutellinia scutellata x x x x x

Sebacina epigaea * x

Simocybe centunculus? ** x


70

Simocybe rubi ** x x x x x x

Simocybe sumptuosa ** x

Skeletocutis alutacea x x x

Skeletocutis nivea x

Skeletocutis odora * x

Sordaria fimicola x

Sparassis crispa x x x x x

Sphaerobolus stellatus * x x x x x x x x

Sporormiella australis x

Squamanita paradoxa ** x

Steccherinum ciliolatum * x

Steccherinum fimbriatum x x

Steccherinum ochraceum * x x x x x

Steccherinum oreophilum * x x

Stereum hirsutum x x x x x x x x

Stereum rugosum x

Stereum sanguinolentum * x x x x x x

Stereum striatum * x x x x x x x x

Stictis radiata * x x x x

Stigmatolemma urceolatum ** x

Stilbella sp. * x

Strobilurus albipilatus * x x x x

Strobilurus trullisatus x x x x x x x

Stropharia ambigua x x x x x x x x

Stropharia pseudocyanea ** x

Suillus caerulescens x x x x x x x x

Suillus lakei x x x x x x x x

Tapesia fusca x x x x x x x

Taphrina alni x x x

Tapinella atrotomentosa x x x

Tapinella panuoides x

Tarzetta gaillardiana ** x

Tephrocybe anthracophila ** x x

Tephrocybe boudieri * x x x x x x

Tephrocybe fusispora ** x x

Tephrocybe implexa ** x x

Tephrocybe oldae ** x x

Tephrocybe ozes * x x x x x x x

Tephrocybe platypus * x x x


71

Tephrocybe sp. x x

Tephrocybe tylicolor ** x x

Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** x x x x

Thelebolus stercoreus x

Thelephora anthocephala ** x x x x

Thelephora palmata x x x

Thelephora regularis ** x

Thelephora terrestris x x x x x

Tomentella coerulea * x

Tomentella crinalis * x

Tomentella subclavigera * x

Tomentella terrestris * x x

Tomentellopsis echinospora * x x

Trametes hirsuta * x x x

Trametes versicolor x x x x x x x x

Trechispora farinacea x

Trechispora microspora x

Trechispora mollusca * x

Tremella aurantia x

Tremella encephala * x x x x x x x

Tremella foliacea x x x x

Tremella mesenterella ** x x x x x

Tremella mesenterella ? * x

Tremella mesenterica x x x x x x x

Tremella moriformis ** x

Tremella obscura ** x

Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * x x x x x x

Tremiscus helvelloides * x x x x x x

Trichaptum abietinum x x x x x x x x

Trichoglossum hirsutum * x

Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum x x x x x x x

Tricholoma aurantium x x x x

Tricholoma bufonium ** x

Tricholoma equestre x

Tricholoma gausapatum * x x

Tricholoma griseoviolaceum ** x

Tricholoma leucophyllum ** x x x x x x

Tricholoma myomyces ** x x x x

Tricholoma pardinum x x x x


72

Tricholoma pessundatum x

Tricholoma psammopus * x

Tricholoma saponaceum x x x x

Tricholoma scalpturatum ** x x x x

Tricholoma sp. ** x x x x x x

Tricholoma sulphureum x x x x x x x

Tricholoma terreum x x x x x x x x

Tricholoma ustale * x

Tricholoma virgatum x x x x

Tricholomopsis rutilans x

Tubaria conspersa x x x x x x x x

Tubaria furfuracea * x x x

Tubaria hiemalis * x x x x x x x x

Tubaria praestans ** x x

Tubaria punicea ** x x x x x x x

Tubulicrinis angustus * x x

Tubulicrinis borealis x

Tubulicrinis chaetophorus x

Tubulicrinis glebulosus * x x x x

Tubulicrinis subulatus x x x

Tulostoma fimbriatum var. campestre **

x x

Typhula erythropus ** x x x x

Typhula sp. * x

Tyromyces caesius x x x x x x x x

Tyromyces chioneus x x x x x x x x

Tyromyces fragilis x x x x x x x x

Tyromyces mollis * x x x

Tyromyces sp. x

Uknown blue mushroom ** x

Unguicularia sp. x x

Unguiculella sp. * x x

Vascellum lloydianum * x x

Velutarina rufo-olivacea x x x x

Wilcoxina rehmii ** x x

Xenasma rimicola * x x

Xeromphalina campanella x x x x x x x

Xeromphalina cornui ** x x x x x x

Xeromphalina fulvipes x x x x x x x x

Xylaria hypoxylon x x x x x x x x


73


74

Appendix 3: Alphabetical list – Observatory Hill 2011/2012 * - rarely identified ** - especially rare

? – preliminary identification

Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum ** NEW Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus niveolutescens * NEW Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agrocybe praecox Alboleptonia ochracea Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus Alnicola salicis ** NEW Alpova diplophloeus NEW Amanita pachycolea * NEW Amanita pantherina Amphinema byssoides Antrodia malicola Armillaria ostoyae Ascobolus furfuraceus NEW Astraeus hygrometricus Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura NEW Basidiodendron eyrei Bisporella citrina Boletus truncatus Botryobasidium candicans Botryobasidium conspersum Botryobasidium subcoronatum * NEW Bulgariella pulla Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Callorina fusarioides NEW Calocera cornea

Calocera viscosa Calonectria pyrochroa NEW Calyptella capula ** NEW Cantharellula umbonata Cantharellus formosus Ceriporia purpurea Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Chalciporus piperatoides * NEW Chalciporus piperatus Chlorociboria aeruginascens Chromosera cyanophylla Chrysomphalina aurantiaca Ciboria rufofusca Cinereomyces lindbladii * NEW Claudopus byssisedus Clavaria vermicularis Clavariadelphus truncatus Clavulina cristata Clavulina rugosa Clavulinopsis laeticolor Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe deceptiva Clitocybe foetens NEW Clitocybe radicellata Clitocybe vibecina Clitopilus prunulus Coccomyces arbutifolius NEW Coccomyces dentatus Coltricia cinnamomea Coltricia perennis

Conocybe dumetorum Conocybe pilosella Coprinellus heptemerus * NEW Coprinopsis stercorea * NEW Coprinus impatiens Coprinus lagopus Coprinus xanthothrix Cortinarius biformis Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius ceraceus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius croceus Cortinarius duracinus Cortinarius fasciatus Cortinarius flexipes NEW Cortinarius fulvescens NEW Cortinarius glaucopus Cortinarius helobius NEW Cortinarius hinnuleus NEW Cortinarius idahoensis Cortinarius infractus Cortinarius leucopus Cortinarius pulchripes ? NEW Cortinarius rigens Cortinarius sanguineus nom.prov. ** NEW Cortinarius scandens Cortinarius sp. small the same as Jocelyn Hill with boletoid spores ** NEW


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Cortinarius variicolor ** NEW Cortinarius velenovskyi Cortinarius vernalis ? Cortinarius vernus Cortinarius vernus ? (big one red stipe base in UV) NEW Craterellus tubaeformis Crepidotus epibryus Crepidotus lundellii Crepidotus mollis Cryptoporus volvatus Cylindrobasidium laeve Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma fallax Cystoderma granulosum Cystolepiota seminuda Cytidia stereoides Dacrymyces ovisporus Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus Dacrymyces variisporus * NEW Dacryobolus sudans Dematioscypha dematiicola NEW Dendrothele candida NEW Diatrype albopruinosa NEW Dichostereum granulosum Durella melanochlora Exidia glandulosa Fomes fomentarius Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina atkinsoniana var. atkinsoniana Galerina autumnalis Galerina badipes Galerina cedretorum var. bispora Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis

Galerina evelata var. evelata Galerina fontinalis NEW Galerina heterocystis Galerina marginata Galerina nigripes Galerina oregonensis Galerina pumila var. pumila Galerina rostrata Galerina sideroides Galerina subcerina Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Geoglossum umbratile Geopyxis vulcanalis Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius subroseus Gomphus floccosus Gomphus kauffmanii Gymnopilus sapineus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Gymnopus subnudus Gyromitra esculenta Gyromitra infula Hebeloma birrus Hebeloma lutense Hebeloma sacchariolens Helvella lacunosa Helvella villosa Hemimycena nebulophila Hemimycena tortuosa Henningsomyces candidus Heterotextus luteus Humaria hemisphaerica Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina Hyaloscypha britannica * NEW Hyaloscypha daedaleae Hyaloscypha quercicola

Hydnum umbilicatum Hydropus scabripes ** NEW Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe persistens Hygrocybe pratensis Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe russocoriacea Hygrocybe singeri ** NEW Hygrophoropsis olida Hymenochaete tabacina Hymenoscyphus caudatus Hymenoscyphus imberbis NEW Hyphoderma argillaceum Hyphoderma cremeoalbum Hyphoderma sambuci Hyphodontia alutaria Hyphodontia arguta NEW Hyphodontia aspera Hyphodontia cineracea Hyphodontia crustosa Hyphodontia floccosa Hyphodontia nespori NEW Hyphodontia quercina NEW Hyphodontia subalutacea Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma fasciculare Hypocrea pulvinata Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypomyces lactifluorum Inocybe abjecta Inocybe amblyspora Inocybe assimilata Inocybe auricoma Inocybe calida Inocybe cinnamomea Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe geophylla


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Inocybe grammata Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe hotsoniana Inocybe jacobi Inocybe kauffmanii Inocybe lacera var. lacera Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe leiocephala Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe olympiana ? NEW Inocybe posterula Inocybe pseudodestricta Inocybe pudica Inocybe pusio Inocybe rennyi Inocybe salicis Inocybe sindonia Inocybe soluta Inocybe splendens var. phaeoleuca Inocybe stellatospora Inocybe subcarpta Ischnoderma benzoinum Jahnoporus hirtus Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Laccaria laccata Lachnella alboviolascens Lachnellula calyciformis Lachnellula gallica Lachnellula subtilissima NEW Lachnum impudicum Lachnum pudibundum Lachnum virgineum Lactarius kauffmanii NEW Lactarius occidentalis Lactarius pseudomucidus Lactarius rubrilacteus Lactarius subviscidus Laeticorticium minnsiae Lanzia luteovirescens

Lasiobelonium relicinum NEW Lasiobolus cuniculi NEW Lasiosphaeria ovina NEW Lentaria pinicola Lepiota boudieri Lepiota carinii Lepiota clypeolarioides Lepiota josserandii Lepiota ventriosospora Lepista nuda Leptonia serrulata Leptosphaeria acuta Leucopaxillus amarus Limacella ochraceolutea Lycoperdon foetidum Lycoperdon perlatum Marasmiellus candidus Marasmius androsaceus Marasmius limosus * NEW Marasmius plicatulus Marasmius salalis Melanoleuca humilis NEW Melanoleuca stridula Micromphale arbuticola Mollisia cinerea Morchella elata Mucronella bresadolae Mucronella pendula Mucronella pulchra Mycena acicula Mycena adonis Mycena alcalina Mycena algeriensis Mycena amicta Mycena atroalboides Mycena capillaripes Mycena cinerella Mycena clavata Mycena corticola ** NEW Mycena delicatella Mycena epipterygia Mycena filopes

Mycena flavoalba Mycena fuliginella Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena galericulata Mycena leptocephala Mycena luteopallens Mycena maculata Mycena metata Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena parabolica Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca Mycena rorida Mycena rugulosiceps Mycena rutilantiformis Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena speirea Mycena stannea Mycena subcana Mycena tenella Nectria cinnabarina Nectria coccinea NEW Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora Nidula niveotomentosa Nitschkia collapsa NEW Nitschkia convertula NEW Nitschkia grevillei NEW Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Nolanea farinolens Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea hirtipes Nolanea holoconiota Nolanea pusillipapillata Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica Omphalina ericetorum Omphalina obscurata Orbilia delicatula ** NEW Orbilia inflatula Otidea onotica Otidea smithii Panaeolus foenisecii Panellus stipticus


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Paraeccilia minutissima * NEW Paullicorticium niveocremeum NEW Peniophora aurantiaca Peniophora cinerea Peniophora decorticans Peniophora incarnata Peniophora polygonia Peniophora septentrionalis Peniophorella pubera Perenniporia sp. ** NEW Peziza brunneoatra Phaeohelotium subcarneum Phaeohelotium umbilicatum Phaeolus schweinitzii Phaeomarasmius rimulincola ** NEW Phanerochaete sanguinea Phanerochaete sordida Phanerochaete tuberculata NEW Phellinus ferreus Phellinus pini Phellodon tomentosus * NEW Phlebia livida Phlebia phlebioides NEW Phlebia rufa NEW Phlebia subcretacea NEW Phlebiella christiansenii Pholiota albocrenulata Pholiota decorata Pirex concentricus Plectania melastoma Pleospora herbarum NEW Pleuroflammula ragazziana ** NEW Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus plautus Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus

Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus Pluteus pouzarianus var. albus ** NEW Pluteus romellii Pluteus thomsonii Polydesmia pruinosa Polyporus badius Pouzarella fulvostrigosa Propolis versicolor Psathyrella candolleana Psathyrella cernua Psathyrella hymenocephala Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella obtusata * NEW Psathyrella olympiana Psathyrella orbitarum * NEW Psathyrella paradoxa Psathyrella prona var. prona Psathyrella vesiculocystis Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pseudombrophila cervaria NEW Pseudoplectania melaena Psilachnum chrysostigma Psilachnum inquilinum NEW Psilocybe inquilina Psilocybe montana Pycnoporellus alboluteus Ramaria acrisiccescens Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora * NEW Ramaria testaceoflava NEW Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Ramaricium flavomarginatum Rhizopogon villosulus NEW

Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocybe aureicystidiata Rhodocybe fallax NEW Rhodocybe nitellina Rhodocybe nuciolens Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula Ripartites serotinus NEW Russula abietina Russula brevipes Russula brunneoviolacea Russula cascadensis Russula cremoricolor Russula fragilis Russula fragrantissima Russula murrillii violet form Russula murrillii olive-pink form Russula mustelina Russula ochroleuca ** NEW Russula placita Russula queletii Russula raoultii Russula silvicola ** NEW Russula sororia Russula stuntzii Russula velenovskyi Russula veternosa Russula xerampelina Sarcosphaera coronaria Schizopora paradoxa Scopuloides rimosa Scutellinia scutellata Simocybe rubi Simocybe sumptuosa ** NEW Skeletocutis alutacea Skeletocutis nivea NEW Sordaria fimicola NEW Sparassis crispa Sphaerobolus stellatus Sporormiella australis NEW Steccherinum fimbriatum


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Steccherinum ochraceum Stereum hirsutum Stereum sanguinolentum Stereum striatum Stictis radiata Stilbella sp. * NEW Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Stropharia pseudocyanea ** NEW Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tapesia fusca Taphrina alni Tephrocybe ozes Thelebolus stercoreus NEW Thelephora anthocephala Tomentella terrestris Tomentellopsis echinospora Trametes versicolor

Tremella aurantia NEW Tremella encephala Tremella foliacea Tremella mesenterica Tremella moriformis ** NEW Tremella obscura ** NEW Tremellodendropsis tuberosa Tremiscus helvelloides Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Tricholoma equestre NEW Tricholoma griseoviolaceum ** NEW Tricholoma leucophyllum Tricholoma myomyces Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma saponaceum Tricholoma sp. Tricholoma sulphureum

Tricholoma terreum Tubaria conspersa Tubaria hiemalis Tubaria punicea Tubulicrinis angustus Tubulicrinis borealis NEW Tubulicrinis glebulosus Tubulicrinis subulatus Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Tyromyces mollis UnguiculellaUnguiculella sp. as in 2008 Unknown blue mushroom ** NEW Velutarina rufo-olivacea Xenasma rimicola Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cornui Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon


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Appendix 4: The most frequently occurring species 8 out of 8 - 77 species Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* Chromosera cyanophylla * Clavulina cristata Clitocybe deceptiva * Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius leucopus * Crepidotus lundellii * Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma fallax Cystoderma granulosum Cystolepiota seminuda Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus * Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina badipes * Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora * Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * Helvella lacunosa

Hygrocybe pratensis * Hypholoma fasciculare Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina * Inocybe lacera var. lacera * Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis * Inocybe nitidiuscula * Inocybe pudica * Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus * Lentaria pinicola * Lycoperdon perlatum Marasmiellus candidus Marasmius plicatulus Melanoleuca stridula Mycena alcalina Mycena amicta * Mycena delicatella * Mycena leptocephala Mycena parabolica Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata *

Nolanea farinolens * Nolanea hirtipes * Omphalina ericetorum Phaeolus schweinitzii Polyporus badius Psathyrella longistriata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Psilocybe montana Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocybe nitellina * Russula fragrantissima Russula sororia Sphaerobolus stellatus * Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum * Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Trametes versicolor Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma terreum Tubaria conspersa Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon

7 of 8 - 65 species Aleurodiscus grantii Armillaria ostoyae Calocera cornea Calocera viscosa Clavulina rugosa * Clavulinopsis laeticolor * Clitocybe elegantula * Clitocybe radicellata * Clitocybe vibecina * Coprinus lagopus Cortinarius casimiri

Cortinarius vernus ** Crepidotus mollis Galerina atkinsoniana var. atkinsoniana * Galerina autumnalis Galerina cedretorum var. bispora Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina evelata var. evelata *

Galerina marginata * Galerina oregonensis Galerina pumila var. pumila Gomphidius glutinosus * Gymnopilus sapineus Hebeloma sacchariolens Hohenbuehelia petaloides Hydnum umbilicatum Hygrocybe conica Hypholoma capnoides


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Inocybe grammata * Inocybe subcarpta ** Lepiota castanea * Lepiota ventriosospora Lycoperdon foetidum * Marasmius androsaceus * Marasmius salalis Micromphale arbuticola Mycena adonis Mycena algeriensis ** Mycena atroalboides Mycena epipterygia Mycena fusco-ocula

Mycena galericulata Mycena maculata Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena pura Mycena rorida Mycena sanguinolenta Nidula niveotomentosa * Otidea onotica * Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * Pluteus cervinus Pluteus romellii Psathyrella paradoxa **

Russula brevipes Russula xerampelina Strobilurus trullisatus Tapesia fusca Tephrocybe ozes * Tremella encephala * Tremella mesenterica Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Tricholoma sulphureum Tubaria hiemalis * Tubaria punicea ** Xeromphalina campanella

6 of 8 - 63 species Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Aleurodiscus penicillatus * Amanita pantherina Antrodia malicola * Astraeus hygrometricus * Boletus truncatus Claudopus byssisedus ** Clavulina cinerea * Clitocybe trulliformis Coltricia cinnamomea Coprinus impatiens ** Cortinarius scandens Cryptoporus volvatus Cylindrobasidium laeve ** Fayodia pseudoclusilis * Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora * Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphus floccosus Gymnopilus picreus Gymnopus confluens Hebeloma mesophaeum

Heterotextus luteus * Hygrocybe miniata Hymenochaete tabacina * Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypomyces lactifluorum Inocybe assimilata Inocybe cinnamomea * Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** Inocybe leiocephala ** Inocybe sindonia ** Inocybe stellatospora ** Jahnoporus hirtus Lactarius rubrilacteus Lepiota josserandii Lepista nuda Leucopaxillus amarus Mucronella bresadolae ** Mucronella pendula ** Mycena elegantula * Mycena subsupina Nolanea lucida *

Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica ** Panellus longinquus Peniophora incarnata * Peziza repanda ** Phellinus ferreus * Psathyrella ocellata ** Psathyrella olympiana ** Psilocybe inquilina * Rickenella fibula Russula bicolor Russula stuntzii * Russula veternosa * Simocybe rubi ** Stereum sanguinolentum * Tephrocybe boudieri * Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * Tremiscus helvelloides * Tricholoma leucophyllum ** Tricholoma sp. ** Xeromphalina cornui **


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Appendix 5: Changes in nomenclature and identifications Changes in nomenclature 2004/2005 – 2009/2010 reports This report Grandinia spp. Hyphodontia spp. Hyphoderma puberum Peniophorella pubera Sarcosphaera crassa Sarcosphaera coronaria Changes in identifications 2010/2011 report This report Anthracobia sp. Velutarina rufo-olivacea Basidiodendron caesiocinereum Basidiodendron eyrei Bulgaria sp. Bulgariella pulla Dasyscyphella nivea Dasyscyphella montana Leucogyrophana mollusca Pirex concentricus Phlebiella tulasnelloidea Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Subulicystidium longisporum Phanerochaete sordida Tricholoma vaccinum Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum

Deletions from the previous reports 2004/2005 – 2010/2011 reports Note Antrodia sinuosa probably old Oligoporus sp. Hymenoscyphus albidus = Hymenoscyphus sp. Oxyporus similis probably old Trichaptum abietinum Russula xerampelina var. isabelliniceps This variety has never been published


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Appendix 6: Transcript of the field book April 20, 2011 With Jim and Ann Ginns & Ian Gibson Along the road on right side going up, also just a few meters below the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Agrocybe praecox Coltricia cinnamomea Coprinus impatiens Cytidia stereoides Dacrymyces stillatus

Exidia glandulosa Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gyromitra esculenta Hebeloma lutense

Inocybe abjecta Ischnoderma benzoinum Peniophora decorticans

Along the road on the left side going up, orchard by the former caretaker’s house [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Coprinus xanthothrix Psathyrella prona Tricholoma terreum Below the paved road [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Cinereomyces lindbladii NEW Clitocybe radicellata Dacrymyces variisporus NEW Fomitopsis pinicola

Morchella elata Paullicorticium niveocremeum NEW Perenniporia sp. NEW

Pirex concentricus Plectania melastoma Pseudoplectania melaena Xylaria hypoxylon

From the main road to the smaller dome; along the margin [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Antrodia malicola Coccomyces arbutifolius NEW

Cytidia stereoides Nolanea holoconiota

Peniophora incarnata Stictis radiata

May 4, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, the ridge, eastern slope to the large Thuja plicata stand up the hill and back on the smaller loop trail, back on the ridge [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Margin of the forest [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Amphinema byssoides Botryobasidium conspersum Cortinarius leucopus Cortinarius sp. small, the same as Jocelyn Hill, with boletoid spores NEW Cortinarius vernalis

Hyaloscypha britannica NEW Hyphoderma sambuci Inocybe assimilata Inocybe flocculosa Melanoleuca stridula Mollisia cinerea Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata

Nolanea holoconiota Phanerochaete tuberculata NEW Phlebiella christiansenii Tubulicrinis subulatus

Ridge & margin together [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Ciboria rufofusca Clitocybe radicellata Coccomyces arbutifolius Coltricia perennis

Morchella elata Nolanea holoconiota Omphalina ericetorum Phaeolus schweinitzii

Phanerochaete sanguinea Phellinus pini Stereum hirsutum Stereum sanguinolentum

Thuja stand [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Clitocybe radicellata Coccomyces dentatus Fomitopsis cajanderi

Fomitopsis pinicola Melanoleuca stridula Polyporus badius

Trichaptum abietinum


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May 12, 2011 Southern slope above the main gate, up to the margin of Quercus garryana, to the “blob” and down onto the paved road and down to the gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Amphinema byssoides Antrodia malicola Basidiodendron eyrei Coccomyces arbutifolius Coccomyces dentatus Coltricia perennis Cortinarius leucopus Cytidia stereoides Dichostereum granulosum Exidia glandulosa Geopyxis vulcanalis Gyromitra esculenta Hymenochaete tabacina

Hyphodontia quercina NEW Inocybe splendens var. phaeoleuca Lachnum virgineum Morchella elata Mycena amicta Nolanea holoconiota Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica Omphalina ericetorum Peniophora cinerea Peniophora decorticans Peniophorella pubera

Phanerochaete sordida Phellinus ferreus Polyporus badius Skeletocutis nivea NEW Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum Stictis radiata Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma saponaceum Tubulicrinis angustus Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Xenasma rimicola

Area under oaks [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Inocybe pusio

Phlebia subcretacea NEW Ramaricium albo-ochraceum

Steccherinum ochraceum Xenasma rimicola

Forest on southern slope, going down to the road Inocybe mixtilis Phellinus pini Thelephora anthocephala Along the paved road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe splendens May 18, 2011 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, only to the alder logs with Pleurotus ostreatus [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Calonectria pyrochroa NEW Clitocybe radicellata Diatrype albopruinosa NEW Fomitopsis pinicola Hyphoderma argillaceum Inocybe abjecta Lachnum virgineum

Morchella elata Mycena leptocephala Nitschkia collapsa NEW Orbilia inflatula Peniophora decorticans Pluteus pouzarianus var. albus NEW

Polyporus badius Sarcosphaera coronaria Schizopora paradoxa Scopuloides rimosa Tapesia fusca Xenasma rimicola

May 28, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, up to the northern boundary and Adolf lost one leg from the tripod [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum Amanita pantherina Basidiodendron eyrei Cortinarius cf. vernalis Hyaloscypha daedaleae Hyphodontia subalutacea Inocybe mixtilis

Inocybe posterula Inocybe rennyi NEW Laccaria laccata Nitschkia grevillei NEW Nolanea holoconiota Orbilia delicatula NEW Peniophora incarnata Pirex concentricus

Ramaricium flavomarginatum Skeletocutis alutacea Tomentellopsis echinospora Tubulicrinis angustus Tubulicrinis borealis NEW Tubulicrinis glebulosus Tubulicrinis subulatus


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May 29, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, looking for a lost tripod leg and then going on eastern slope to the Thuja plicata stand and up to the smaller Thuja plicata stand (with Mucronella pulchra) and back on the trail over the ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest] Cortinarius cf. vernalis Inocybe fuscidula

Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe salicis

June 15, 2011 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Ceriporia purpurea Henningsomyces candidus Hyphodontia quercina Lachnum virgineum Mollisia cinerea Nitschkia convertula NEW Nitschkia grevillei

Orbilia delicatula Orbilia inflatula Peniophora decorticans Peniophorella pubera Phanerochaete sordida Phellinus ferreus Pleurotus ostreatus

Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Schizopora paradoxa Scutellinia scutellata Steccherinum fimbriatum Taphrina alni Tomentella terrestris Unguiculella sp. as in 2008

June 30, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, looking for the tripod leg [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Fomitopsis cajanderi Inocybe calida Along the road, just above the main gate, on right side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe pusio Below the road [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Alpova diplophloeus NEW Helvella villosa Hemimycena nebulophila Humaria hemisphaerica Inocybe pudica Inocybe stellatospora Lachnum pudibundum Lachnum virgineum

Lactarius occidentalis Lasiosphaeria ovina NEW Lepiota clypeolarioides Marasmiellus candidus Mollisia cinerea Mycena acicula Mycena speirea Peniophorella pubera

Phanerochaete sordida Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus thomsonii Psathyrella candolleana Russula raoultii Schizopora paradoxa Scutellinia scutellata Steccherinum ochraceum

July 17, 2011 Southern slope, just above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Ascobolus furfuraceus NEW Ceriporia subvermispora Coprinellus heptemerus NEW Dacrymyces variisporus Exidia glandulosa Hyphodontia alutaria

Hyphodontia crustosa Hyphodontia quercina Hyphodontia subalutacea Lasiobolus cuniculi NEW Pseudombrophila cervaria NEW

Sordaria fimicola NEW Sporormiella australis NEW Thelebolus stercoreus NEW Tremella obscura NEW Tubulicrinis angustus Tubulicrinis glebulosus

July 18, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, the ridge, and eastern slope [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] [2 – Douglas-fir forest] No collections


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August 30, 2011 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek up to the Corylus cornuta [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Claudopus byssisedus Coprinellus heptemerus Crepidotus mollis Fomitopsis pinicola Hyphodontia arguta NEW Hyphodontia nespori NEW

Lasiobolus cuniculi Leptosphaeria acuta Marasmiellus candidus Orbilia inflatula Peniophora aurantiaca Pleurotus ostreatus

Polyporus badius Psathyrella candolleana Pseudombrophila cervaria Schizopora paradoxa Simocybe sumptuosa NEW Tapesia fusca

September 8, 2011 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, from the Corylus cornuta to the alder stand [3 – Western red-cedar forest] Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina Hyaloscypha quercicola Hymenoscyphus caudatus Lachnum pudibundum

Mycena acicula Mycena speirea Peniophora decorticans Peniophorella pubera Peziza brunneoatra

Phaeohelotium subcarneum Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus

September 28, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, stopped to check Tubaria punicea & Boletus appendiculatus – no success [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Along the road, just above the main gate on the right side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cantharellus formosus Strobilurus trullisatus Southern and eastern slope below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek up to the wetland, Alnus rubra stand [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Alnicola salicis NEW Amanita pachycolea NEW Calocera cornea Coprinopsis stercorea NEW Crepidotus mollis Gomphus kauffmanii

Lactarius occidentalis Marasmius limosus NEW Mycena filopes Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Panaeolus foenisecii

Paraeccilia minutissima NEW Pluteus plautus Scutellinia scutellata Strobilurus trullisatus Tyromyces caesius

October 4, 2011 Along the road, right side going up, just above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Marasmius plicatulus Mycena filopes Strobilurus trullisatus Below the paved road along the creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Conocybe dumetorum Conocybe pilosella Crepidotus mollis Fomitopsis pinicola Gomphus kauffmanii Hypomyces lactifluorum

Marasmiellus candidus Mycena acicula Mycena filopes Mycena speirea Phaeolus schweinitzii Psathyrella orbitarum NEW

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Simocybe sumptuosa Strobilurus trullisatus Tyromyces caesius

October 18, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, up to the cougar’s marks [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Checked Tubaria punicea on marked trees - nothing


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Checked Boletus appendiculatus on the last year’s spot - nothing Coprinus impatiens Coprinus lagopus Gomphidius subroseus Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa

Inocybe subcarpta Mycena amicta Mycena leptocephala Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca

Mycena rorida Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Suillus caerulescens Tubaria conspersa

Back to the ravine above the road Margin of the road between the parking and hairpin curve [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Agaricus niveolutescens NEW Gomphidius oregonensis Lycoperdon foetidum Melanoleuca humilis NEW Mycena olivaceomarginata

Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula Russula xerampelina var. isabellinipes Strobilurus trullisatus

Suillus caerulescens Tricholoma terreum

Ravine [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Cystolepiota seminuda Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora Gomphidius glutinosus Gymnopilus sapineus Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa

Lanzia luteovirescens Mycena acicula Mycena atroalboides Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Pluteus romellii Russula abietina Simocybe rubi

Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Suillus caerulescens Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoxylon

October 25, 2011 By the first parking at the administration building [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Agaricus niveolutescens Lepiota josserandii Melanoleuca humilis Behind the smaller dome, margin [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Checking Boletus appendiculatus - nothing Checking Tubaria punicea 1 clump Cortinarius casimiri Galerina cedretorum var. bispora Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopilus sapineus Hebeloma lutense Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe leiocephala Inocybe lilacina Inocybe stellatospora Tyromyces mollis Limacella ochraceolutea

Lycoperdon perlatum Mycena amicta Mycena epipterygia Mycena filopes Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca Omphalina ericetorum Peniophorella pubera Phaeolus schweinitzii Pholiota decorata Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella vesiculocystis Rhodocybe nitellina Ripartites serotinus NEW Russula fragrantissima

Russula mustelina Russula placita Sparassis crispa Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Tricholoma terreum Tubaria conspersa Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cornui Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon

November 4, 2011 Southern slope just above the main gate [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Armillaria ostoyae Auriscalpium vulgare


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Baeospora myosura NEW Cortinarius casimiri Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius subroseus Hebeloma birrus Hebeloma lutense Helvella lacunosa Hydnum umbilicatum Hymenochaete tabacina Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina

Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Inocybe nitidiuscula Lepiota carinii Lycoperdon perlatum Marasmius androsaceus Micromphale arbuticola Mycena amicta Mycena capillaripes Mycena delicatella Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca Mycena stannea Mycena tenella Nolanea pusillipapillata Polyporus badius

Psathyrella paradoxa Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocybe nitellina Russula abietina Russula brunneoviolacea Russula fragilis Russula xerampelina Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tubaria conspersa Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon

November 10, 2011 By the hut of the RCAS, in moss [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Clitocybe dealbata Galerina cedretorum var. bispora

Galerina fontinalis NEW Galerina nigripes Omphalina obscurata

Behind the smaller dome, margin of the mixed forest, where the Boletus appendiculatus was last year and then all the way to Sparassis crispa [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Tubaria punicea several sporocarps Armillaria ostoyae Bulgariella pulla Cantharellula umbonata Coprinus lagopus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius croceus Cortinarius leucopus Galerina evelata var. evelata Galerina nigripes Galerina pumila var. pumila Gymnopilus sapineus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Hebeloma lutense Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula

Inocybe lacera var. lacera Inocybe leiocephala Inocybe lilacina Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Lactarius rubrilacteus Marasmius plicatulus Mycena amicta Mycena epipterygia Mycena filopes Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca

Mycena rugulosiceps Mycena rutilantiformis Mycena sanguinolenta Nolanea fusciceps Omphalina ericetorum Psathyrella vesiculocystis Rhodocybe nitellina Russula abietina Russula cascadensis Russula sororia Russula velenovskyi Strobilurus trullisatus Tricholoma griseoviolaceum NEW Tubaria punicea several fruiting bodies

November 14, 2011 Site around the former keeper’s house, wet grassy slope [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Gomphidius subroseus Hebeloma lutense Hypholoma fasciculare

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe sindonia Mycena rugulosiceps

Stropharia pseudocyanea NEW Tricholoma terreum

By the spruce and by the driveway [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis

Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Inocybe pseudodestricta Inocybe pudica

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Laccaria laccata


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Mycena amicta Mycena purpureofusca

Otidea onotica Polyporus badius

Rhytisma punctatum Xylaria hypoxylon

The ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Armillaria ostoyae Boletus truncatus Cortinarius “sanguineus” NEW Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius glaucopus Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma fallax Galerina heterocystis Galerina marginata Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Hebeloma lutense Helvella lacunosa Hygrocybe conica Hypholoma fasciculare Inocybe abjecta

Inocybe cinnamomea Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe geophylla Inocybe hotsoniana Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Inocybe sindonia Inocybe subcarpta Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus Lepiota ventriosospora Mycena epipterygia Mycena leptocephala Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca

Omphalina ericetorum Phellinus pini Pholiota decorata Pluteus romellii Psathyrella longistriata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula brunneoviolacea Russula cascadensis Russula fragrantissima Russula mustelina Russula sororia Russula velenovskyi Russula xerampelina Simocybe rubi Stereum hirsutum Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholoma terreum

November 15, 2011 Along the paved road right side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Armillaria ostoyae Cantharellus formosus Chalciporus piperatoides NEW Chalciporus piperatus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius velenovskyi Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina heterocystis Gomphidius glutinosus

Hebeloma birrus Hebeloma lutense Hebeloma sacchariolens Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe leiocephala Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe pudica

Lactarius subviscidus Mycena purpureofusca Otidea onotica Rhytisma punctatum Russula brunneoviolacea Russula sororia Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholoma terreum

Along the road, left side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Claudopus byssisedus – 1st appearance Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cystoderma amianthinum Galerina heterocystis Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius subroseus Hebeloma birrus

Helvella lacunosa Hydnum umbilicatum Inocybe abjecta Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe geophylla Inocybe jacobi Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis

Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Russula sororia Suillus lakei Tricholoma saponaceum

Below the paved road [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Clavariadelphus truncatus Clavulinopsis laeticolor Clitopilus prunulus Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius glaucopus

Crepidotus mollis Galerina heterocystis Galerina oregonensis Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius subroseus

Gomphus kauffmanii Gymnopilus sapineus Hebeloma lutense Helvella lacunosa Hydnum umbilicatum


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Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe miniata Hypholoma fasciculare Hypomyces cervinigenus Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe pudica Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis

Lactarius subviscidus Leucopaxillus amarus Marasmiellus candidus Mycena adonis Mycena amicta Mycena pura Nolanea hirtipes Otidea onotica Pluteus cervinus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Ramaria testaceoflava NEW

Russula xerampelina Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Tremellodendropsis tuberosa Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma saponaceum Tricholoma sulphureum Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon

November 17, 2011 With Ian Gibson Behind the small dome, by the hut RCAS [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Clitocybe dealbata Nolanea farinolens Tubaria hiemalis Behind the smaller dome, along the trail to the end of the trail [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Cortinarius cinnamomeus Galerina atkinsoniana Galerina badipes Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora

Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Helvella lacunosa Inocybe auricoma Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe griseolilacina

Laccaria laccata Russula veternosa Stereum hirsutum

Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Armillaria ostoyae Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Chrysomphalina aurantiaca Cortinarius “sanguineus” Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma fallax Fomitopsis cajanderi Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Hebeloma birrus Hebeloma lutense Helvella lacunosa

Heterotextus luteus Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe geophylla Inocybe lilacina Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe subcarpta Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus Marasmius androsaceus Mucronella bresadolae Mucronella pendula Mycena filopes Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca

Mycena rorida Omphalina ericetorum Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocybe nitellina Russula fragrantissima Russula queletii Russula veternosa Russula xerampelina Tricholoma griseoviolaceum Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces chioneus Xeromphalina campanella

November 25, 2011 Behind the smaller dome, margin, checking Tubaria punicea 0, Boletus appendiculatus 0 [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Clitocybe vibecina Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma granulosum Hebeloma lutense Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa

Inocybe lacera var. lacera Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria bicolor Lactarius subviscidus Mycena amicta

Mycena purpureofusca Nolanea hirtipes Russula murrillii violet form Russula murrillii olive-pink form Sphaerobolus stellatus

Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]


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Calocera crocea Cystoderma fallax Galerina oregonensis Inocybe abjecta

Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe mixtilis Laccaria laccata

Lactarius subviscidus Mycena amicta Russula fragrantissima Sphaerobolus stellatus Stropharia ambigua

Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Agaricus diminutivus Alboleptonia ochracea Auriscalpium vulgare Cortinarius “sanguineus” Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius rigens Cystoderma amianthinum Dacrymyces palmatus Fomitopsis pinicola Gymnopilus sapineus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Helvella lacunosa Hygrocybe conica Inocybe geophylla

Inocybe grammata Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mixtilis Inocybe pudica Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus Leucopaxillus amarus Mucronella pulchra Mycena adonis Mycena epipterygia Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca Pholiota decorata

Polyporus badius Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula brevipes Russula fragrantissima Russula ochroleuca NEW Russula velenovskyi Russula veternosa Stropharia ambigua Tremellodendropsis tuberosa Tremiscus helvelloides Tricholoma griseoviolaceum Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces chioneus Xeromphalina fulvipes

December 1, 2011 Along the road from the 1st parking lot to the ravine [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Clitocybe foetens NEW Galerina heterocystis Hebeloma lutense

Inocybe pudica Nolanea hirtipes Pholiota albocrenulata

Russula fragrantissima Russula placita

Ravine [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Armillaria ostoyae Crepidotus epibryus Dacrymyces ovisporus Dacrymyces palmatus Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Gomphidius glutinosus Hemimycena tortuosa Heterotextus luteus Hygrocybe conica Hyphodontia floccosa Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina

Inocybe nitidiuscula Lachnellula gallica Lachnum impudicum Lactarius pseudomucidus Lactarius subviscidus Lentaria pinicola Lepiota boudieri Lepista nuda Marasmius plicatulus Mycena adonis Mycena algeriensis Mycena amicta Mycena clavata Mycena filopes Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata

Mycena purpureofusca Phaeohelotium umbilicatum Phlebia livida Polydesmia pruinosa Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula fragrantissima Russula xerampelina Sphaerobolus stellatus Suillus caerulescens Tapesia fusca Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma sulphureum Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoxylon

Open rock outcrop below the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cantharellula umbonata Cystoderma amianthinum

Cytidia stereoides Galerina evelata var. evelata

Galerina heterocystis Omphalina ericetorum

Forest along the eastern boundary [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Calocera cornea Coltricia perennis Cortinarius cf. pulchripes NEW Cystoderma amianthinum

Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina sideroides Hydnum umbilicatum Hypholoma fasciculare

Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe grammata Inocybe kauffmanii Inocybe lilacina


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Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Inocybe pudica Inocybe subcarpta Laccaria bicolor

Lactarius subviscidus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pycnoporellus alboluteus Ramaria acrisiccescens Rhodocollybia butyracea

Rhodocybe aureicystidiata Russula fragrantissima Russula sororia Russula veternosa Tricholoma sulphureum

December 6, 2011 Going back to the ravine to get more Mycena clavata By the paved road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Russula fragrantissima Russula sororia Ravine [3 – Western red-cedar forest] Calocera cornea Galerina sideroides Hemimycena tortuosa Hydropus scabripes NEW

Hygrocybe persistens Hyphodontia alutaria Leptonia serrulata Mycena clavata

Mycena filopes Mycena parabolica Rhodocybe nitellina

Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Boletus truncatus Cystoderma amianthinum Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Helvella lacunosa Hypholoma capnoides

Inocybe lilacina Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus Mycena filopes

Mycena luteopallens Rhodocollybia butyracea Russula fragrantissima Russula sororia

December 9, 2011 Southern slope by the main gate when we waited for Kem Luther and Ian Gibson [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cortinarius californicus Galerina badipes Inocybe griseolilacina Lycoperdon perlatum

Mycena filopes Mycena leptocephala Mycena purpureofusca Otidea onotica

Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces fragilis

Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest] Checked Tubaria punicea - 3 clumps on the marked tree Calocera cornea Calyptella capula NEW Cantharellula umbonata Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cystoderma amianthinum Galerina evelata var. evelata Galerina heterocystis Galerina oregonensis Galerina pumila var. pumila Galerina subcerina Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gymnopilus sapineus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Hemimycena nebulophila Hygrocybe russocoriacea Hymenochaete tabacina Inocybe abjecta

Inocybe grammata Inocybe lilacina Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe posterula Inocybe pudica Inocybe stellatospora Inocybe subcarpta Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus Mycena cinerella Mycena delicatella Mycena filopes Mycena galericulata Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata

Omphalina ericetorum Polyporus badius Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella olympiana Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula fragrantissima Russula murrillii Simocybe rubi Stereum hirsutum Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Tremella mesenterica Tricholoma myomyces Tricholoma sulphureum Tubaria punicea (3 clumps on the marked tree) Tyromyces caesius Xylaria hypoxylon


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December 10, 2011 Southern slope, just left of the main gate – stayed only in the lower part [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina Calocera cornea Claudopus byssisedus Clavulina cristata Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Gomphidius glutinosus Hebeloma lutense Hebeloma sacchariolens Helvella lacunosa

Hydnum umbilicatum Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe pudica Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Micromphale arbuticola Mycena amicta Mycena filopes Mycena flavoalba Mycena maculata Mycena speirea Nolanea hirtipes

Otidea onotica Pluteus plautus Polyporus badius Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocybe nitellina Rhodocybe nuciolens Russula fragrantissima Suillus caerulescens Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Tricholoma leucophyllum Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoxylon

December 18, 2011 Southern slope along the trail and down to the main paved road on a steep trail [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Calocera cornea Cantharellus formosus Clavulina cristata Cortinarius biformis Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius ceraceus Cortinarius helobius NEW Cortinarius hinnuleus NEW Cortinarius infractus Cortinarius leucopus Cystoderma amianthinum Dematioscypha dematiicola NEW Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphidius oregonensis Gymnopilus sapineus Gymnopus subnudus

Hebeloma sacchariolens Helvella lacunosa Hemimycena tortuosa Hydnum umbilicatum Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe pudica Inocybe subcarpta Jahnoporus hirtus Lentaria pinicola Marasmius androsaceus Marasmius salalis Mycena amicta Mycena purpureofusca

Mycena speirea Nolanea hirtipes Otidea onotica Pluteus cervinus Rhizopogon villosulus NEW Russula cascadensis Russula fragrantissima Russula murrillii Russula sororia Russula velenovskyi Russula veternosa Stereum sanguinolentum Suillus caerulescens Tricholoma myomyces Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces caesius Xylaria hypoxylon

December 19, 2011 Continuing on the trail where we ended yesterday went all the way to the site with Leccinum manzanitae and down to the paved road [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Antrodia malicola Clavulina rugosa Coltricia perennis Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius ceraceus Cortinarius duracinus Cortinarius idahoensis Cortinarius infractus Cortinarius variicolor NEW

Dacrymyces ovisporus Dacrymyces palmatus Gymnopilus sapineus Hebeloma lutense Helvella lacunosa Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe pudica Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata

Lactarius subviscidus Marasmius salalis Micromphale arbuticola Nolanea hirtipes Omphalina obscurata Otidea smithii Phellodon tomentosus NEW Pholiota decorata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula fragrantissima


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Stereum hirsutum Tricholoma equestre NEW

Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholoma terreum

Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina fulvipes

By the road on right side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe mixtilis December 24, 2011 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek up to the Corylus cornuta bush [3 – Western red-cedar forest]

Auriscalpium vulgare Chromosera cyanophylla Clavaria vermicularis Clavariadelphus truncatus Clavulina cristata Coltricia perennis Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius variicolor Craterellus tubaeformis Dacrymyces palmatus Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphus floccosus Gymnopilus sapineus Helvella lacunosa Humaria hemisphaerica Hydnum umbilicatum

Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe pratensis Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe singeri NEW Hygrophoropsis olida Hypholoma fasciculare Inocybe geophylla Inocybe grammata Inocybe griseolilacina Inocybe lilacina Inocybe pudica Inocybe soluta Lactarius kauffmanii Lactarius subviscidus Mycena parabolica

Mycena purpureofusca Nolanea hirtipes Otidea onotica Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula cremoricolor Russula silvicola NEW Russula stuntzii Russula veternosa Stereum sanguinolentum Suillus caerulescens Tremellodendropsis tuberosa Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoxylon

Along the road right side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina Mycena purpureofusca

Otidea onotica Pouzarella fulvostrigosa Russula cascadensis

Russula sororia

December 30, 2011 With Des Denton and Dawn, and David Suttil Tubaria punicea several only on the marked tree Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cystoderma amianthinum Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis

Laccaria laccata Russula fragrantissima

Tubaria punicea several only on the marked tree

Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Calocera viscosa Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius ceraceus Cortinarius leucopus Galerina oregonensis Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gymnopus fuscopurpureus

Helvella lacunosa Inocybe assimilata Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe geophylla Inocybe lilacina Inocybe olympiana ? NEW Inocybe pudica Marasmius plicatulus Mycena delicatella Mycena leptocephala

Mycena parabolica Omphalina ericetorum Panellus stipticus Psathyrella longistriata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula fragrantissima Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum Stilbella sp. NEW


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Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Cantharellus formosus Clavaria vermicularis Clavulina cristata Cortinarius “sanguineus” Cortinarius flexipes NEW Cortinarius scandens Fomitopsis cajanderi Galerina autumnalis Galerina oregonensis

Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe pratensis Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe russocoriacea Hymenochaete tabacina Hypholoma capnoides Inocybe assimilata Inocybe grammata Lactarius subviscidus Lycoperdon perlatum

Mycena parabolica Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Russula sororia Stereum sanguinolentum Tremella encephala Tremellodendropsis tuberosa Tricholoma terreum Tyromyces fragilis Unknown blue mushroom NEW Xylaria hypoxylon

January 4, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, took the first trail to the right from the main trail on the ridge to check the new blue fungus, short time on the eastern slope and then back on the main trail [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Calocera cornea Cortinarius leucopus Cystoderma granulosum Galerina oregonensis Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Inocybe abjecta Inocybe assimilata

Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe nitidiuscula Inocybe pudica Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata

Mycena parabolica Russula fragrantissima Tephrocybe ozes Unknown blue mushroom

January 11, 2012 Eastern slope, close to the ridge, just below the small dome and below the large dome [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Clavulina rugosa Cortinarius duracinus Cortinarius fulvescens NEW Cortinarius idahoensis Crepidotus lundellii Cylindrobasidium laeve Cystoderma amianthinum Dacrymyces palmatus Fomes fomentarius Fomitopsis cajanderi Galerina autumnalis Galerina heterocystis Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis

Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Hyphodontia arguta Inocybe assimilata Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa Inocybe geophylla Inocybe grammata Inocybe olympiana ? Inocybe pudica Laccaria laccata Mycena amicta Mycena filopes

Mycena fuliginella Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata Mycena parabolica Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Phlebia phlebioides NEW Psathyrella longistriata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Stereum hirsutum Stereum sanguinolentum Stereum striatum Xylaria hypoxylon

January 16, 2012 Went with Ian to show him the new unknown blue mushroom and then checked the old oak log farther on the ridge - on that log was [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Phellinus ferreus Psathyrella olympiana On ground in moss Cortinarius “sanguineus” As for the unknown blue mushroom, collected almost all the fruiting bodies – they were little dry after the frost


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January 21, 2012 Eastern slope, close to the ridge, just below the road opposite the Centre of the Universe, only the uppermost slope was without the snow, all below was covered with snow – very cold [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Botryobasidium candicans Cortinarius casimiri Cystoderma granulosum Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus Fomitopsis cajanderi

Galerina heterocystis Hymenochaete tabacina Hymenoscyphus imberbis NEW Mycena alcalina Peniophora septentrionalis Phanerochaete sanguinea

Phellinus ferreus Psilocybe inquilina Stereum hirsutum Stereum sanguinolentum Stictis radiata Tapesia fusca

January 23, 2012 Quercus garryana stand behind the parking lot for the institute employees [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cytidia stereoides Galerina heterocystis Galerina rostrata Hyphoderma cremeoalbum Hyphodontia quercina Mycena metata

Nectria cinnabarina Peniophora incarnata Phellinus ferreus Phlebia rufa NEW Pleospora herbarum NEW Psathyrella obtusata NEW

Schizopora paradoxa Sphaerobolus stellatus Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum Tremella mesenterica Tremella moriformis NEW

January 27, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest; checked Tubaria punicea - none, checked the unknown blue mushroom 3+1 small ones, the same as the last time; no new ones had appeared since the last visit Went up to the cougar marked Arbutus menziesii [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Antrodia malicola Cystoderma amianthinum Galerina heterocystis Hymenochaete tabacina Lachnellula subtilissima NEW Laeticorticium minnsiae

Mycena corticola NEW Phaeomarasmius rimulincola NEW Pleuroflammula ragazziana NEW Propolis versicolor

Ramaricium flavomarginatum Schizopora paradoxa Stereum hirsutum Tremella aurantia NEW

February 19, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, and the ridge [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] [2 – Douglas-fir forest] Margin of the forest [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Aleurodiscus grantii Antrodia malicola Cortinarius fasciatus Dendrothele candida NEW

Lachnella alboviolascens Mycena corticola Peniophora incarnata Psathyrella hymenocephala

Ramaricium flavomarginatum Skeletocutis nivea Tapesia fusca Tubulicrinis glebulosus

Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Auriscalpium vulgare Cortinarius fulvescens Dacrymyces palmatus Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina heterocystis

Heterotextus luteus Hymenochaete tabacina Inocybe assimilata Mycena amicta Mycena metata Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Omphalina ericetorum

Panellus stipticus Phellinus ferreus Phellinus pini Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Ramaricium flavomarginatum Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum


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February 22, 2012 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus Basidiodendron eyrei Chlorociboria aeruginascens Chromosera cyanophylla Clitocybe deceptiva Craterellus tubaeformis Dacryobolus sudans Fomes fomentarius Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis

Galerina heterocystis Geoglossum umbratile Hydnum umbilicatum Hyphodontia cineracea Hypocrea pulvinata Inocybe geophylla Marasmiellus candidus Mycena amicta Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata Mycena metata Mycena parabolica

Mycena subcana Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora Peniophora decorticans Peniophora incarnata Polyporus badius Psathyrella cernua Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocybe fallax Stereum hirsutum Tremellodendropsis tuberosa

February 27, 2012 First behind the smaller dome, but it was too cold (5°C), went to southern slope, just next to the main gate, on left side going up [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Inocybe assimilata Mycena metata

Stereum hirsutum Trametes versicolor

Southern slope [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides]Cortinarius vernus Galerina heterocystis Hymenochaete tabacina Inocybe geophylla Micromphale arbuticola Mycena amicta

Mycena leptocephala Nolanea hirtipes Omphalina obscurata Peniophora decorticans Peniophora polygonia Phellinus ferreus

Psathyrella vesiculocystis Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum Stictis radiata Tremella aurantia Velutarina rufo-olivacea

March 8, 2012 Behind the small dome, the ridge and eastern slope, large loop Ridge [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Aleurodiscus penicillatus Botryobasidium subcoronatum NEW Dacrymyces palmatus Durella melanochlora Hymenochaete tabacina Hyphodontia aspera Inocybe assimilata

Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Omphalina ericetorum Peniophora incarnata Peniophorella pubera Phellinus pini Polyporus badius Psathyrella olympiana Ramaricium flavomarginatum

Schizopora paradoxa Stereum hirsutum Tapesia fusca Trametes versicolor Unknown blue mushroom – only one remaining left, drying pale blue; survived all cold and heavy rains

Eastern slope [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus

Clavulinopsis laeticolor Cortinarius vernus ? (big one) NEW


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Cryptoporus volvatus Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina heterocystis Hymenochaete tabacina

Lachnellula gallica Mucronella pulchra Nidula niveotomentosa Peniophorella pubera

Phellinus pini Stereum hirsutum Stereum striatum

March 16, 2012 Behind the smaller dome to check Tubaria punicea - one fruiting body, checked the Unknown blue mushroom – still the same, one fruiting body still there, looking perfect like fresh Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek [3 – Western red-cedar forest]Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus Callorina fusarioides NEW Coccomyces dentatus Crepidotus mollis Galerina heterocystis Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gyromitra infula Inocybe assimilata Lachnellula calyciformis Lachnellula gallica

Lasiobelonium relicinum NEW Melanoleuca stridula Mycena amicta Mycena leptocephala Nectria coccinea NEW Nectria fuckeliana Peniophora decorticans Polyporus badius Psathyrella cernua Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Psilachnum inquilinum NEW Psilachnum chrysostigma

Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora NEW Rhodocybe aureicystidiata Rhytisma punctatum Stereum hirsutum Stereum sanguinolentum Stereum striatum Tremella foliacea Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma sp.

By the road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Astraeus hygrometricus March 23, 2012 Southern slope, along the trail, going above the former keeper’s house and down to the paved road [1 – Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] [2 – Douglas-fir forest]Cortinarius leucopus Dacrymyces palmatus Gyromitra esculenta

Inocybe amblyspora Inocybe geophylla Pluteus cervinus

Psathyrella vesiculocystis Velutarina rufo-olivacea


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Photographs of selected fungi encountered

on Observatory Hill

All the photographs were taken on Observatory Hill by Dr. Adolf Ceska during the 2011/2012 survey


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A survey of macrofungi on observatory hill – spring 2011 and winter 2011 2012

Science

Transcript of A survey of macrofungi on observatory hill – spring 2011 and winter 2011 2012