A Summary of Major NASA Launches, January 1, 1980 - December 31, 1984

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Transcript of A Summary of Major NASA Launches, January 1, 1980 - December 31, 1984

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    ( N f t S A - T M - 8 7 5 3 4 ) f t S U M M A B Y O F t t & J G R N A S AL A U N C H E S , J A N U A R Y 1, 1880 - D E C E M B S B 31,1984 ( N A S A ) 113 p

    N86-70324

    Lindas00/15 03133

    Eastern Test Range (ETR)Western Test Range (WTR)

    KSC Historical Report No. 1(KHR-1, Revised 1979)Supplement 2(Incorporates Supplement 1)Issued October 1985

    A Summary of Major NASA LaunchesJanuary 1,1980 December 31,1984

    THOR MERCURY DELTA MERCURY ATLAS ATLAS G E M I N IDELTA REDSTONE ATLAS AGENA CENTAUR TITAN I I

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    TABLE OF CONTENTSP A G E

    SPACE SCIENCEPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY

    DYNAMIC EXPLORERS 1/2 . ...S-lSOLAR MESOPHERE EXPLORER . ' S - 2I N T E R N A T I O N A L SPACE SCIENCE

    I N F R A R E D ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITE S-3EXOSAT S-4A C T I V E MAGNETOSPHER IC PARTICLE TRACER EXPLORERS S-5EARTH OBSERVATIONS

    METEOROLOGY

    GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL E N V I R O N M E N T A L SATELLITE (GOES) S-6EARTH RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY

    LANDSAT (EARTH RES OU RCE S TECHNOL OGY SATELLITES) S-8COMMUNICATIONS

    O P E R A T I O N A L SYSTEMSI N T E R N A T I O N A L TELECO MMUNI CATIONS SATELLITE CON SOR TIUM (INTELSAT) S-10WESTAR S-14R C A SATCOM S-15FLTSATCOM S-18COMS TAR .... S-20A N I K (TELESAT) S-21NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) S-22SATELLITE BU SINE SS SYSTEMS S-23GALAXY S-24TELSTAR 3-A S-26INS AT 1-A ; S-27

    M A N N E D SPACE FLIGHTSPACE SHUTTLE. S-28

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    PHYSICS A N D A S T R O N O M Y( C o n t i n u e d )D Y N A M I C E X P L O R E R (UE)M i s s i o nN a m eO E - 1 / 2

    LaunchDate /T ime3 A u y 8 10256 PUT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3914( D e l t a 155)

    N A S A S i t e /C o d e P a d R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sD E -A / B W T R T h e D y n a m i c E x p l o r e r s p a c e c r a f t w e r e d e s i g n e d t oS LC -2 W i n v e s t i g a t e t h e i m p a c t o f s o l a r r a d i a t i o n a n ds o l a r w i n d o n t h e b o u n d a r y r e g i o n b e t w e e n E a r t ha n d s p a c e t h a t a f f e c t s t h e a t m o s p h e r e , a u r o r a ld i s p l a y s , r a d i o t r a n s m i s s i o n s , a n d p e r h a p s c l i m a t ea n d w e a t h e r . T h e t w o D E s a t e l l i t e s w e r e l a u n c h e d" p i g g y b a c k " o n a D e l t a r o c k e t i n t o d i f f e r i n ge l l i p t i c a l p o l a r o r b i t s , DE-1 w i t h a p l a n n e da p o g e e o f 24,876 k m (15,4b7 s m ) a n d a p e r i g e e o f6 7 6 k m (420 sm) , a n d DE-2 w i t h a p l a n n e d a p o g e e o f1,300 k m (808 s m ) a n d a p e r i g e e o f 3 0 6 k m (190s m) . B o t h s p a c e c r a f t w e re d e s i g n e d t o o p e r a t e i nc o p l a n a r o r b i t s , m a k i n g s i m u l t a n e o u s o b s e r v a t i o n sa t h i g h a n d l o w a l t i t u d e s f o r a m i s s i o n o f 1 8m o n t h s d u r a t i o n . S p a c e c r a f t s e p a r a t i o n o c c u r r e di n a n o r b i t l o w e r t h a n p l a n n e d . T h e c a u s e w a sd e t e r m i n e d t o b e a n u n d e r f u e l e d s e c o n d s t a g e ,a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 % s h o r t o f c a p a c i t y . T h i s a n o m a l yw a s a t t r i b u t e d t o f a u l t y g r o u n d s u p p o r t e q u i p -m e n t . Tn e r e w a s n o m a j o r i m p a c t o n t h e m i s s i o n ' ss p a c e s c i e n c e ; h o w e v e r , t h e o r b i t a l l i f e t i m e o fD E - 2 w a s r e d u c e d from a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 2 m o n t h s t o

    2 3 m o n t h s , p r e c l u d i n g a d u a l e x t e n d e d m i s s i o nb e y o n d t h a t t i m e . ( S ) . . .

    S - l

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    PHYSrCSMND ^ A S T R Q N Q M YC C o h t T o u e d ). S O L A R . . ME S. O R. H ER E E X P L O R E R ( S M E ).M i ss ion. ;Name

    S M E

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    157)

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t s.WTR T h e S o l a r M e s o p h e r e E x p l o r e r (.SME) w a s d e s i g n e d t o' S L C - 2 W o b t a i n . ba si c s c i e n t i f i c d a t a a b o u t m e s o s p h e r i c. o z o n e o v e r a t l e a s t 2 y e a r s o f E a r t h - o r b i t a l l i f e - t i m e . T h e s p a c e c ra f t i s s p i n - s t a b i l i z e d a t 5 r p mi n a s u n - s y n c h r o n o u s p o l a r o r b i t o f 5 2 4 k m (329..s m) , a n d h a s a . c o n s t a n t l o c a l t i m e a t . th e e q u a t o ro f 3 a . -m . /3 p . m . T h e r e w e r e n o l a u n c h v e h i c l e- a n o m a l i e s . T h e . s p a ce c r a f t 's p r i m e d a t a t a p e- r e c o r de r f a i l e d s h o r t l y a f t e r . . op e r at i o na l s t a t u s..was a c h i e v e d ; - h o we v e r, t h e b a c k u p d a t a r e c o r d e r- h a s o p e r - a t e d n o r m a l l y . A s m a l l : a m a t e u r r a d i o

    s a t e l l i t e , U O S A T , - w e i g h i n g 5 4 k i l o g r a m s ( 1 1 8. p o u n d s ) , . w a s l a u n c h e d , a s a s e c o n d a r y " p i g g y b a c k "p a y l o a d ,wi.th . S ME . . I t - s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e . D e l t a- a p p r o x i m a t e l y ".2-1/4 - . - minutes . a f t e r t h e m a j o rJs.pa,ceer;.af,t.

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    I N T E R N A T I O N A L S P A C E S C I E N C E(Continued)I N F R A R E D A S T R O N O M I C A L S A T E L L I T EMi s s i onNameI n f r a r e dA s t r o n o m i c a lS a t e l l i t e

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e25 Jan 831817 PST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3910( D e l t a 166)

    N A S ACodeI R A S W T RS L C - 2 W

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sI R A S w a s a c o o p e r a t i v e p r o g r a m b e t w ee n t h e U n i t e dS t a t e s , t h e N e t h e r l a n d s , a n d t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m .T h e I R A S u s e d h e l i u m t o s u p e r c o o l a 23.6 i n c hd i a m e t e r i n f r a r e d t e l e s c o p e , m a k i n g i t s o s e n s i -t i v e i t c o u l d d e t e c t a 2 m i l e d i a m e t e r o b j e c t n ow a r m e r t h a n 7 5 d e g r e e s F a h r e n h e i t f r o m a s f a r a w a ya s 6 0 m i l l i o n m i l e s . T h e t e l e s c o p e w a s s u p p l i e db y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , w i t h t h e N e t h e r l a n d s f u r n-i s h i n g a s e c o n d e x p e r i m e n t c a l l e d D A X . T h e l a tt e rw a s c o m p r i s e d o f a l o w - r e s o l u t i o n s p e c t r o m e t er , ac h o p p e d p n o t o m e t r i c c h a n n e l , a n d a s h o r t w a v e -l e n g t h c h a n n e l . T h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m f u r n i s h e ds p a ce c ra f t c o n t r o l , p r i m a r y o p e r a t i o n a l s u p p o r t ,a n d d a ta c o l l e c t i o n . T h e f o u r i n f r a r e d f r e q u e n -c i e s e x p l o r e d w e r e i n t h e 8 t o 1 2 0 m i c r o m e t e rw a v e l e n g t h s , w h i c h a r e l a r g e l y a b s or b e d b y t hea t m o s p h e r e a n d d o n o t r e a c h t h e g r o u n d . T h e I R A Sw a s t h e f i r s t t r u e i n f r a r e d t e l e s c o p e f l o w n a b ov et h e a t m o s p he r e . I t w a s e x t r e m e l y s u c c e s s f u l ,r e t u r n i n g a w e a l t h o f n e w d a t a o n i n f r a r e d s o u r c e st h r o u g h o u t t h e g a l a x y a n d e v e n b e y o n d . A m a p o fi n f r a r e d s o ur c e s w a s o b t a i n e d , w i t h f u r t h er s t ud yd e v o te d t o m a ny i n f r a r e d s o u r c e s o f p a r t i c u l a ri n t e r e s t . T h e s p a c e c r a f t w a s m o r e e c o n o m i c a l i ni t s u s e o f h e l i u m t o co o l t h e d e t e c t o r s t h a ne x p e c t e d , a l l o w i n g a s e c on d c o m p l e t e s u r v e y t o b ec o n d u c t e d . A l s o , m a n y p o i n t - s o u r c e s o f i n f r ar e dw er e s t u d i e d a t g r e at e r l e n g t h t h a n a n t i c i p a t e d .T h e e x t e n s i v e d a t a o b t a i n e d w i l l r e q u i r e y e ar s o fa n a l y s i s . ( S )

    S - 3

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    E X O S A T

    I N T E R N A T I O N A L S FA ' C E SCTENCE(Continued)

    M i s s i o nN a m e

    E X O S A T

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e26 May 830 8 1 8 PD T

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3914

    N A S AC o d eE X O S A T W T RS L C - 2 W

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h e E X O S A T s p a c e c r a f t w a s b u i l t f o r E S A b y COSMOS,a c o n s o r t i u m l e d b y M B B , t h e system contractor.E S A a l s o p a i d f o r t h e D e l t a l a u n c h v e h i c l e a n dl a u n c h s e r v i c e s . T h e s p a c e c r a f t d e s i g n i n c l u d e st w o i d e n t i c a l X - r a y i m a g i n g t e l e s c o p e s , a l a r g e 'a r e a p r o p o r t i o n a l c o u n t e r a r r a y , a n d a g a s s c i n -t i l l a t i o n p r o p o r t i o n a l c o u n t e r spectrometer. T h ep r i n c i p a l s c i e n t i f i c o b j e c t i v e s i n c l u d e t h e l o c a -tion o f n e w a s t r o n o m i c a l X - r a y s o u r c e s , t h e s t u d yo f k n o w n o n e s i n g r e a t e r d e p t h a n d d e t a i l , a n dg a t h e r i n g d a t a o n t h e i r s p e c t r o s c o p i c a n d t e m p o r a lc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E X O S A T w a s p l a c e d i n a h i g h l ye l l t p t i c a ' l o r b i t a s p l a n n e d , w i t h a n a p o g e e o f188,301 k m (1.17,.005 s m ) a n d a p e r i g e e o f 3 4 7 k m(215 s m) ., T he . i n c l i n a t i o n to the equator was 72.5degrees.. Th e. s p a c e c ra f t e n t e r e d s e r v i c e n o r m a l l y ,a n d . b e g a n . a t h e r i n g s c i e n t i f i c d a ta a s p l a n n e d .I S )

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    I N T E R N A T I O N A L SPACE S C I E N C E( C o n t i n u e d )A C T I V E M A G N E T O S P H E R I C P A R T I C L E T R A C E R E X P L O R E R SM i - s s i o nN a m e L a u n c hD a t e / T i m eA c t i v e 1 6 A u g 8 4M a g n e t o s p h e r i c 1048 E O TP a r t i c l eT r a c e rE x p l o r e r s

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3924( D e l t a 175)

    N A S AC o d eA M P T E E T R17 A

    SOLAR WIND ARTIFICIAL COMET (DEC. 84|+

    .- TAIL INJECTION(SPRING 85)

    SOLARWINDINJECTIONS(Sept. 1984)

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sA M P T E w a s a c o o p e r a t i v e s c i e n t i f i c m i s s i o n b y W e s tG e r m a n y , t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m , a n d t h e U n i t e dS t a t e s . E a c h n a t i o n s u p p l i e d o n e s p a c e c r a f t .T h e s e w e r e l a u n c h e d j o i n e d , b u t s e p a r a t e d a n dr e a c h e d d i f f e r e n t e l l i p t i c a l o r b i t s i n s p a c e .( Se e i l l u s t r a t i o n , f o l l o w i n g ) T h e G e r m a n I o nR e l e a s e M o d u l e ( I RM ) a n d U n i t e d K i n g d o m S u b s a t e l -l i t e (UKS) h a v e a p o g e e s a b o v e 100,000 k m (62,137s m ) a n d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s C h a r g e C o m p o s i t i o nE x p l o r e r (CCM)h a s a n a p o g e e a b o v e 50,QUO k m(31,068 sm). T h e I R M r e l e a se d c l o u d s o f l i t h i u ma n d b a r i u m i n t o t h e s o l a r w i n d , w h i l e t h e o t h e rt w o m e a s u r e d t h e r e s u l t s , u s u a l l y f r o m b o t h s i d e so f t h e m a g n e t i c b o u n d a r y l i n e . T h i s e n a b l e ds c i e n t i s t s t o s t u d y t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t we e n a r t i -f i c i a l l y i n j e ct e d a n d n a t u r a l s p a c e p l a s m a s ;i n v e s t i g a t e t h e t r a n s f e r o f m a s s a n d e n e r y y f r o mt h e s o l a r w i n d t o t h e r n a g n e t o s p h e r e t h a t s u r r o u n d sa n d p r o t e c t s t h e E a r t h ; s t u d y t h e d y n a m i c s o f t h ec h a r g e d p a r t i c l e p o p u l a t i o n i n t h e m a g n e t o s p h e r e ;a n d e x p l o r e f u r t h e r t h e s t r u c t u r e a n d d y n a m i c s o fa m b i e n t p l a s m a s i n t h e m a g n e t o sp h e r e , p a r t i c u l a r l yi n t h e b o u n d a r y r e g i o n s . T h e s e o b j e c t i v e s w e rea l l a c c o m p l i s h e d , w i t h s e v e r a l r e l e a s e s o f l i t h i u ma n d b a r i u m f r om t h e IRM, a n d t h e r e s u l t s w e r eo b s e r v e d a n d r e c o rd e d b y a l l t h r e e s p a c e c r a f t .T h e l a r g e a m o u n t o f d a t a a c q u i r e d w i l l r e q u i r eyears o f c a r e f u l a n a l y s i s b e f o r e t h e f i n a l r e s u l t sc a n b e a n n o u n c e d . ( S )

    S - b

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    M E T E O R O L O G Y( C o nt i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eG O E S 4

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e9 S e p t 801827 EDT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3914( D e l t a 1 5 2 )

    N A S AC o d eG O E S - D

    S i t e /P a dE T R1 7 A

    G O E S 5 22 May 811829 EDT

    D e l t a3914( D e l t a 1 5 4 )

    G O E S - E E T R1 7 A .

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sG O E S 4 was the f i r s t of a t h r e e - s a t e l l i t e s e r i e sw i t h i m p r o v e d c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d h i g h e r r e s o l u t i o n .T h e s p a c e c r a f t p r o v i d e s d a y / n i y h t c l o u d c o v e rp h o t o s ; i t a c q u i r e s a n d d i s s e m i n a t e s e n v i r o n m e n t a ld a t a f r o m a s y s t e m o f t e r r e s t r i a l a n d o c e a n i ca u t o m a t e d w e a t h e r p l a t f o r m s . T h i s s e r i e s o fs a t e l l i t e s e m p l o y s a n a t m o s p h e r i c s o u n d e r , a d d i n ga t h i r d d i m e n s i o n t o i t s i m a g e r y . T h i s i n s t r u m e n tm e a s u r e s t h e t e m p e r a t u r e v e r s u s a l t i t u d e i n t h ea t m o s p h e r e , f r o m w h i c h t h e a l t i t u d e s a n d t e m p e r a -t u r e s o f c l o u d s c a n b e d e r i v e d . T h e r e w e r e n ol a u n c h o r s p a c e c r a f t a n o m a l i e s ; G O E S 4 b e c a m e t h eG O E S - Ea s t w e a t h e r s a t e l l i t e , s t a t i o n e d o v e r t h ee q u a t o r a t 7 5 d e g re e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e a b o v e S o u t hA m e r i c a . After t h e l a u n c h o f G O E S 5 t h e s a t e l l i t ew a s m o v e d t o t h e P a c i f i c r e g i o n b e c o m i n g G O E S -West. O n N o v e m b e r 2 5 , 1 9 8 2 , d a y a n d n i g h t p h o t oc a p a b i l i t y f a i l e d . T h e s p a c e e n v i r o n m e n t m o n i t o ra n d r e m o t e p l a t f o r m r e l a y e q u i p m e n t r e m a i no p e r a t i o n a l . (S)GOES 5 i s t h e s e c o n d o f a t h r e e - s a t e l l i t e s e r i e sw i t h i m p r o v e d w e a t h e r o b s e r v i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s .I d e n t i c a l t o G O ES 4 , i t b e c o m e s t h e G O E S - E a s tw e a t h e r s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n e d o v e r t h e e q u a t o r a b o v eS o u t h A m e r i c a a t 7 6 d e g r e e s w e st l o n g i t u d e ; G O E S 4w a s m o v e d t o t h e P a c i f i c re g i o n ., , b e c o m i n g t h eG O E S - W e s t spacecraft. T h e r e ' w e r e n o l a u n c hv e h i c l e o r s p a c e c r a f t a n o m a l i e s . ( S )

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    M E T E O R O L O G Y^ C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nNameG O E S 6

    L a u n c hDate/Time28 Apr 831826 EOT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3914( D e l t a 168)

    N A S AC o d eG O E S - F E T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sGOES 6 i s t h e t h i r d a n d l a s t o f a t h r e e - s a t e l l i t es e r i e s w i t h i m p r o v e d w e a t h e r o b s e r v i n g c a p a b i l i -t i e s . I t i s i d e n t i c a l t o G O E S 4 a n d 5 . I no p e r a t i o n a l s e r v i c e a t 1 3 5 d e g r e e s west l o n g i t u d e ,i t r e p l a c e d t h e f a i l e d G O E S 4 a s G O E S - W e s t . T h e r ewere n o s i g n i f i c a n t v e h i c l e a n o m a l i e s . T n e s p a c e -c r a f t w a s c h e c k e d o u t b y N A S A i n t h e u s u a l f a s h i o np r i o r t o t u r n o v e r t o N O A A , d u r i n g w h i c h s o m e m i n o rp r o b l e m s were e x p e r i e n c e d . These were c o r r e c t e da n d N O A A a s s u m e d o p e r a t i n g r e s p o n s i o i l i t y o n 2 7M a y 8 3 . I t b e c a m e f u l l y o p e r a t i o n a l o n 1 J u n e83. (S)

    S-7

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    E A R T H R E S O U R C E S - T E C H N O L O G Y( C o n t v t - n u e d i ) ,

    M i s s i o nN a m eLANDSAT'4

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    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3920( D e l t a 1 6 3 )

    N A S AC o d eLANDSAT-D

    S i t e /P a dW T RS L C- 2 W

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sL A N D S A T 4 i s a r a a j . or step i n t h e . f u r t h e r tech-n o l o g y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d a p p l i c a t i o n o f r e mo t el ys e n s e d d a t a f r o m s p a c e f o r m a n a g e m e n t o f t h eE a r t h ' s r e s o u r c e s . i t p r o v i d e s e n h a n c e d r e mo t es e n s i n g p h o t o g r a p h i c c a p a b i l i t i e s t h r o u g h a n e wi n s t r u m e n t t e r me d t h e T h e m a t i c M a p p e r . R e s o l u t i o nas . d e t a i l e d a s 30. 5 m e t e r s (10 0 feet) i s p o s s i -b le .. T h e s p a c e c r af t a l s o c a r r i e s , t h e e a r l i e rt e c h n o l o g y o f a M u l t i s p e c t r a l S c a n n e r w i t h r e s o l u -t i o n a s Tow. a s . 7 6 m e t e r s' ( 2 5 0 feet). L A N D S A T 4 i sd e s i g n e d t o t r a n s m i t d a t a - e i t h e r d i r e c t l y t o E. ar tho r t h r o u g h t h e T r a c k i n g a n d D a t a R e l a y S a t e l l i t eSystem. T h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l e v e n t u a l l y b er e c o v e r e d b y t h e S p a c e S h u t t l e . L A N D S A T 4 w a ss u c c e s s f u l l y l a u n c h e d i n t o a s u n - s y n c h r o n o u s 7 0 7k m (439 s m ) h i g h p o l a r orbit. T h e s a t e l l i t ei m a g e s t h e e n t i r e E a r t h ' s s u r f a c e e v e r y 1 6 d a y s .T h e L A N D S A T p r o j e c t w a s d e v e l o p e d b y N A S A a n d i sn o w ; o p e r a t e d b y t h e . N a t i o n a l O c e a n i c a n d A t m o -s p h e r i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ( NO A A) . D e l t a 1 6 3 w a s t h ef i r s t f l i g h t o f a n u p r a t e d , s e c o nd s t a g e p r o v i d i n g44,;035 n e w t o n s (9,900 p o u n d s ) o f t h r u s t , b u r n i n gf o r 4 3 0 s e c o n d s . T h e . p r e vi o u s- . D e l t a , s e c o n d s t a g eb u r n e d 3 0 0 s e c o n d s . T h e r e w e r e - n o D e l t a l a u n c hv e h i c l e a n o m a l i e s . . A p r i m a r y s u b s ys t e m w i t h w h i c hc o m m a n d s a r e re.laye,d. w i t h i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t , f a i l e di n N o v e m b e r , L9 82-. T h e : b a c k u p s y s t e m i ss a t i s f a c t o r i l y , o p e r a t i n g , . (S.);

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    E A R T H R E S O U R C E S T E C H N O L O G Y( T o n t l n u e c T J ~ ~

    M i s s i o nN a m eLANDSAT.U O S A T - B

    L a u n c hDate/Time1 Mar 840959 PS T

    LaunchVe h i c leDe l ta3920(Delta 174)

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    Remarks/ResultsL AN D SA T D ( P r i m e ) w a s c a l l e d u p f o r l a u n c h e a r l i e rt h a n p l a n n e d d u e t o t h e f a i l u r e o f t w o o f t h e f o u rs o l a r p a n e l s , t h e X - b a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n s c h a n n e l ,a n d a r e d u n d a n t c e n t r a l u n i t i n t h e c o m m a n d systemo n L A N D S A T 4 . A l t h o u g h t h e t w o l a r g e s t sensors,t h e T h e m a t i c M a p p e r a n d M u l t i s p e c t r a l S c a n n e r ,w e r e s t i l l f u n c t i o n i n g , a d e c i s i o n w a s m a d e t oe x p e d i t e L A ND S A T 5 e n t e r i n g s e r v i c e . T h e D( P r i m e ) s p a c e c r a f t i s e s s e n t i a l l y i d e n t i c a l t oL A N D S A T 0 . T h e D e l t a v e h i c l e p l a c e d t h e s p a c e -c r a f t i n a c i r c u l a r o r b i t a b o u t 4 4 0 m i l e s a b o v es e a l e v e l . A s w i t h LANDSAT 4 , t h e N a t i o n a lO c e a n i c a n d A t m o s p h e r i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s r e s p o n -s i b l e f o r o p e r a t i n g t h e system. T h e U O S A T - B( A ma t e u r R a d i o S c i e n t i f i c a n d E x p e r i m e n t a l S p a c e -craft), d e s i g n e d a n d b u i l t b y t h e U n i v e r s i t y o fS u r r e y i n G r e a t B r i t a i n , w a s s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h eD e l t a 7 2 m i n u t e s a f t e r l a u n c h . T h e o r b i t a li n c l i n a t i o n w a s 9 8 d e g r e e s f o r b o t h . T h e s m a l lU O S A T - B w a s l a u n c h e d a s a " h i t c h h i k e r " o n t h ea l r e a d y p l a n n e d L AN D S AT 5 m i s s i o n . ( S )

    S-9

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    OPERATIONAL.SYSTEMS(Continued)

    M i s s i o nN a m eIntelsatF-2

    LaunchDate/Time6 Dec 801831 E S T

    L a u n c h N A S AV e h i c l e C o d eA t l a s / C e n t a u r F - 2(AC-54)

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sE T R3 6 B L a u n c h o f t h e f i r s t o f a n e w g e n e r a t i o n o fI n t e l s a t . s a t e l l i t e s t o b e d e p l o y e d i n g e o s y n c h r o n -o u s o r b i t . L a r g e s t a n d h e a v i e s t , w e i g h i n g i n a ta p p r o x i m a t e l y 1,950 k i l o g r a m s (4,301) p o u n d s ) .I n c l u d i n g a n t e n n a s , t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s 6 . 4 m e t e r s( 2 1 feet) h i g h a n d w i t h s o l a r p a n e l s d e p l o y e d i s15.3 meters ( 5 2 feet) f r o m t i p - t o - t i p . I t h a s 2 7t r a n s p o n d e r s , most o p e r a t i n g i n t h e t r a d i t i o n a lC - b a n d b u t s e v e r a l i n t h e r e l a t i v e l y u n c ro w d e dh i g h e r f r e q u e n c y K - b a n d . N e w " f r e q u e n c y r e u s e "t e c h n i q u e s a l l o w so m e i n d i v i d u a l f r e q u e n c y b a n d -

    w i d t h s t o c a r r y u p t o f o u r s i m u l t a n e o u s s i g n a l sw i t h o u t i n t e r f e r e n c e . T h e s a t e l l i t e c a n r e l a y u pt o 12,000 two-way t e l e p h o n e c a l l s a n d t w o c o l o rt e l e v i s i o n c h a n n e l s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y , t w i c e t h ec a p a c i t y o f t h e e a r l i e r IV-A s e r i e s . T h e s a t e l -l i t e i s a t h r e e - a x i s s t a b i l i z e d s p a c e c r a f t b u i l tf o r I n t e l s a t b y F o r d A e r o s p a c e a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n sC o r p o r a t i o n . T h e l a u n c h o f t h e I n t e l s a t V (F2)w a s o r i g i n a l l y s c h e d u l e d f o r 4 D e c b u t w a s s c r u b -b e d u n t i l 6 Dec. C e n t a u r l i q u i d o x y g e n l o a d i n gp r o b l e m s , R a n g e S a f e t y c o m p u t e r d i f f i c u l t i e s , a n da r e d c o n d i t i o n a t N A SA ' s B e r m u d a t r a c k i n g s t a t i o nw e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e l a y . T h e r e w e r e n ol a u n c h a n o m a l i e s ; t h e s a t e l l i t e w a s s t a t i o n e da b o v e t h e e q u a t o r a t 24.5 d e g r e e s w e st l o n g i t u d eo v e r t h e A t l a n t i c O c e a n . ( S )

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eI n t e l s a t VF - l

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e23 May 811842 EOT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l e N A S ACodeA t l a s / C e n t a u r F - l(AC-56) E T R36B

    I n t e l s a t VF - 3 15 Dec 811835 EST A t l a s / C e n t a u r( A C - 5 5 ) F - 3 E T R36B

    I n t e l s a tF-4. 4 Mar 821923 EST A t l a s / C e n t a u r(AC-58) F-4 E T R36A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sS e c on d l a u n c h o f a n I n t e l s a t V c o m m u n i c a t i o n ss a t e l l i t e . A h o l d o f e x t e n de d d u r a t i o n t o i n v e s -t i g a t e A t l a s , s p a c e c r af t , a n d R a n g e Safetyp r o b l e m s d e p l e t e d t h e h e l i u m s u p p l y i n t h e g r o u n ds u p p o r t e q u i p m e n t . T h e l a u n c h a t t e m p t o n 2 1 M a y- 8 1 w a s s c r u b b e d ; t h e l a u n c h a t t e m pt o f 2 3 M a y 8 1w a s w i t h o u t g r o u n d o r i n - f l i g h t a n o m a l i e s . T h es a t e l l i t e w a s stationed o ver t h e equator a b o v e t h eA t l a n t i c Ocean. I t i s o w n e d b y 1 0 6 I n t e l s a tm e m b e r n a t i o n s . (S )T h i r d l a u n c h o f a n I n t e l s a t V i n t e r n a t i o n a lc o m m u n i c a t i o n s s a t e l l i t e d e s i g n e d t o o p e r a t e f r o mg e o s y n c h r o n o u s o r b i t . P r o b l e m s w i t h C e n t a u ri n s u l a t i o n p a n e l s a n d i n a b i l i t y t o a c t i v a t e R a n g eSafety safe a n d a r m d e v i c e s o n t h e v e h i c l e p r e -c l u d e d t h e l a u n c h a t t e mp t 1 1 D e c 8 1 . A h y d r a u l i c sp r o b l e m s w i t h t h e y r o u n d s u p p o r t e q u i p m e n t s c r u b -b e d t n e a t t e m p t o f 1 2 D e c 8 1 . T h e t h i r d l a u n c ha t t e m p t w e nt w i t h o u t i n c i d e n t a n d t h e f l i y h t o ft h e v e h i c l e s w a s n o r m a l . ( S )N o v e h i c l e o r s p a c e c r af t a n o m a l i e s ,o f a n I n t e l s a t V s a t e l l i t e . ( S ) F o u r t h l a u n c h

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    OPERATIONAL S Y S T E M S -( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eI n t e l s a tF - 5

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e28 Sep 821908 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eA t l a s / C e n t a u r(AC-60)

    N A S AC o d eF - 5 E T R3 6 B

    I n t e l s a tF - 6 19 M a y 8 31826 E O T A t l a s / C e n t a u r( A C - 6 1 ) F - 6 E T R36A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sF i f t h l a u n c h i n I n t e l s a t V s e r i e s o f c o m m u n i c a -t i o n s s a t e l l i t e s . T h e F - 5 s p a c e c r a f t a d d sm a r i t i m e c a p a b i l i t y t o t h e s y s t e m , w h i c h i s l e a s e dt o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e S a t e l l i t e O r g a n i z a -t i o n ( I n m a r sa t ) . T o p r o v i d e t h i s s e r v i c e t h e F - 5h a s a d d e d , a f o u r - e l e m e n t h e l i c a l a r r a y a n t e n n at h a t s e r v i c e s t w o t r a n s p o n d e r s o p e r a t i n g i n t h e Ca n d L b a n d s . P r o v i d e d a r e t e l e p h o n e , t e l e x ,f a c s i m i l e , a n d d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n c a p a b i l i t i e sb e t w e e n s h o r e a n d s h i p s a t s e a . T h e o r i g i n a ll a u n c h d a t e o f 2 3 S e p 8 2 w as . s c r u b b e d w h i l ee n g i n e e r s a t t e m p t e d t o d u p l i c a t e a s o l a r a r r a yp o w e r s u p p l y p r o b l e m d i s c o v e r e d i n . a n i d e n t i c a ls a t e l l i t e u n d e r a s s e m b l y . N o a n o m a l y w a s f o u n d ;t h e F - 5 s a t e l l i t e w a s l a u n c h e d w i t h o u t i n c i d e n t .I t w a s s t a t i o n e d a b o v e t h e I n d i a n O c e a n o v e r t h ee q u a t o r . (S)S i x t h l a u n c h i n t h e I n t e l s a t V s e r i e s o f c o m m u n i -c a t i o n s s a t e l l i t e s . T h i s s p a c e c r a f t c o n f i g u r a t i o ni s i d e n t i c a l t o t h a t o f I n t e l s a t V (F5 ), d e s i g n e dt o s e r v e b o t h I n t e l s a t ' s r e g u l a r c u s t o m e r s a n dI n m a r s a t , w h i c h p r o v i d e s m o d e r n c o m m u n i c a t i o n sb e t w e e n s h i p s a t s e a a n d t h e i r o f f i c e s o n l a n d .T h e I n t e l s a t c o n t r o l c e n t e r f i r e d t h e . o n - b o a r da p o g e e k i c k motor o n M a y 2 2 , 1983, c i r c u l a r i z i n gt h e o r b i t . T h e n e w s a t e l l i t e w a s p l a n n e d t o e n t e rs e r v i c e o v e r t h e A t l a n t i c O c e a n . ( S )

    S-12:

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    O P E R A T I O N A L SYSTEMS( C o n t i n u e d )

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    T h i s w a s t h e f i r st l a u n c h o f t h e u p g r a d e d A t l a s /C e n t a u r v e h i c l e , w h e r e t h e A t l a s s t a g e h a d b e enl e n g t h e n e d t o p r o v i d e l a r g e r p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s a n dt h e C e n t a u r s t a g e i m p r o v e d b y s u b s t i t u t i n gp r e s s u r e - f e d f o r p u m p - d r i v e n p r o p e l l a n t f e e d s t ot h e m a i n e n g i n e s . T h e C e n t a u r ' s a t t i t u d e c o n t r o lt h r u s t e r s w e r e c h a n g e d f r o m o n e s t h a t us e d h y d r o -g e n p e r o x i d e t o o n e s t h a t u s e d h y d r a z i n e ( a s am o n o p r o p e l l a n t ) . T h e c h a n g e s g a v e t h e A t l a s /C e n t a u r t h e a b i l i t y t o l a u n c h a s p a c e c ra f t w e i g h -i n g u p t o 2,313 k i l o g r a m s (5,100 p o u n d s ) i n t og e o s y n c h r o n o u s t r a n s f e r o r b i t , a n i n c r e a s e f r o m159 to 227 k i l o g r a m s (350 to 500 p o u n d s ) o v e r theo l d A t l a s / C e n t a u r . T h e v e h i c l e m a l f u n c t i o n e da f t e r l i f t o f f a n d f a i l e d t o a c h i e v e o r b i t . A ni n v e s t i g a t i o n b o a r d w a s a p p o i n t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h ec a u s e o f t h e f a i l u r e . S e v e r a l e n g i n e e r i n g c h a n g e sw e r e r e c o m m e n d e d b e f o r e t h e v e h i c l e c o u l d b el a u n c h e d a g a i n . ( U )

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    Site/P a dE.TR17A.

    W e s t a r 5 8 Jun 822024 EDT D e l t a391U( D e l t a 162)W e s t a r - E E T K1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sF i r s t i n a n e w g e n e r a t i o n o f i m p r o v ed , , h i g h e rc a p a c i t y (.24 c h a n n e l s ) c o m m u n i c a t i o n s a t e l l i t e sf o r W e s t e r n U n i o n . E a c h c h a n n e l i s c a p a b l e o fr e - l a y i n g , o n e c o l o r t e l e v i s i o n s i g n a l o r 1,5.1)0 ne-w ay, t e l e p h o n e c a l l s . T h e s a t e l l i t e p r o v i d e s aw i d e v a r i e t y o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s t o T V ,r a d i o , p r i n t m e d i a , p r i v a t e in d u s tr y , , a n d G o v e r n -m e n t a g e n c i e s . L a u n c h w a s d e - l a y e d 1 . 6 m i n u t e s t or e p r o g r a m t h e D e l t a o n - b o a r d " g u i d a n c e c o m p u t e r t oc o n f or m t o u p p e r l e v e l w i n d s . The. r b i t a p o g e ew a s 3 7 0 k m (230 s m ) V o w b u t w a s c o m p e n s a t e d f o r b yc h a n g i n g t h e i g n i t i o n p o i n t f o r t h e a p og e e k i c km o t o r . T h e r e w e r e n o s a t e l l i t e 1 a n o m a l i e s . W e s t a r4 w a s s t a t i o n e d a t 9 9 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e , o v e rt h e . e q u a t o r s o u t h o f S a n A n t o n i o , T e x a s . (S.)S e c o n d i n a . n e w g e n e r a t i o n o f i m p r o v e d c o m m u n i c a -t i o n s a t e l l i t e s f o r W e s te r n U n i o n . T h i s i s t h ef i f t h s p a c e c r a f t i n t h e s e r i e s t h a t w a s t h e f i r s tU n i t e d S t a t e s d o m e s t i c s a t e l l i t e c o m m u n i c a t i o n ss y s t e m . L i k e i t s p r e d e c e s s or W e s t a r 4 , t h i s i s as p i n - s t a b i l i z e d s p a c e c r a f t c a r r y i n g 2 4 c h a n n e l s .T h e D e l t a f i r s t s t a g e u n d e r p e r f b r m e d b y 3 29 k m p e rh o u r (300 f e e t p e r s e co n d) ; , a d d i t i o n a l b u r n t i m eb y t h e s e c o nd s t a g e o v e r c a m e t h e d e f i c i t , . i n v e l o -city-. T h e s p a c e c r a f t a r r i v e d a t a p o g e e . 5 5 6 k m(345 s m ) low, w h i c h w a s a t t r i b u t e d t o l e s s t h a nn o m i n a l p e r f o r m a n c e b y t h e P a y l o a d A s s i s t M o d u l e .T h e a p o g e e m o t o r a n d s p a c e c r a f t t h r u s t e r s s u c c e s s -f u l l y a d j u s t e d t h e o r b . i t . W e s t a r 5 w a s p l a c e d o nl o c a t i o n a t 1 2 3 d eg r e e s w es t l o n g i t u d e , s o u t h o fO l y m p i a , . W a s h i n g t o n , w he r e i t r e p l a c e d t h e f i r s tg e n e r a t i o n W e s t a r 2 . ( S )

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S( C o n t i n u e d )

    Mi s s i onN a m eSATCOM 3 R

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e1 9 No v 8 12037 E S T

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3910( D e l t a 1 5 8 )

    N A S ACodeR C A - D

    Site/P a dE T R1 7 A

    SATCOM 4 1 5 Jan 822054 EST D e l t a3910( D e l t a 159)R C A - C E T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i s s a t e l l i t e i s a r e p l a c e m e n t f o r S A T C O M 3 ,w h i c h v a n i s h e d u p on f i r i n g o f t h e a p o g e e m o t o r .I t i s t h e f i r s t o f t w o R C A s p a c e c r a f t t o b e e x c l u -s i v e l y d e d i c a t e d f o r u s e b y t h e c a b l e t e l e v i s i o ni n d u s t r y . T h e l a u n c h w a s d e l a y ed a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 -1 / 2 m i n u te s w h i l e u p p e r l e v e l w i n d s w e r e f u r t h e re v a l u a t e d ; t h er e w e r e n o l a u n c h v e h i c l e o r s a t e l -l i t e a n o m a l i e s . S A T C O M 3 R w a s s t a t i o n e d o v e r t h ee q u a t o r a t 1 3 1 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e , s ou t h o ft h e s o u t h e r n m o s t t i p o f A l a s k a . ( S )S e co n d s p a c e c r a f t i n a p a i r o f 2 4 - c h a n ne l R C AS A TC OM s a t e l l i t e s d e d i c a t e d f o r u s e b y t h e c a b l et e l e v i s i o n i n d u s t r y ; R C A S AT C OM 3 R i s d e s i g n a t e dC a b l e N e t I , R C A 4 i s C a b l e N e t I I . T h e r e w e r e n ol a u n c h v e h i c l e o r s p a ce c r af t a n o m a l i e s ; S A T C OM 4w a s s t a t i o n e d a t 8 3 d e g re e s w e st l o n g i t u d e , o v e rt h e e q u a t o r d u e s o u t h o f D e t r o i t . ( S )

    S - 1 5

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    O P E R A T I O N A L . SYSTEMS,.( C o n t v i n u e d : )

    M i s s i o nN a m eS A T C O M 5

    L a u n c h .D a t e / T i m e2 7 O c t 8 22127 EDI

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a :3.910'( D e l t a 1 6 5 )

    N A S ACodeR C A - E

    S i t e /P a dE T R1.7B

    SATCOM 1 R 1 1 A p r 8 31739 E O T D e l t a3924( D e l t a 1 6 7 )R C A - F E T R1.7A

    R e m a r k - s / R e s u . l t sS e c o n d g e n e r a t i o n R C A S A T C O M , d e d i c a t e d t o A l a s k as e r v i c e ; o w ne d b y A l a s c o m , I n c . , o p e r a t e d b y R C AA m e r i c a n C o m m u n i c a t i o n s , In c . T h e s a t e l l i t er e l a y s T V , r a d i o , t e l e p h o n e , f a c s i m i l e , a n d d a t aa c r o s s A l a s k a a n d b e t w e e n A l a s k a a n d t h e l o w e rU n i t e d S t a t e s . A s e p a r a t e s p o t b e a m c o n n e c t sA l a s k a , w i t h H a w a i i . T h e s e c o n d , g e n e r a t i o n" a d v a n c e d S A T C O M " i s t h e f i r s t a . l l - s o l i d - s t a t ec o m m e r c i a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s s a t e l l i t e a n d c a n r e l ayt wo , c o l o r t e l e v i s i o n c h a n n e l s o n e a c h o f i t s 2 4t r a n s po n d e r s. ; e a r l i e r R C A S AT C OM ' s - c o u l d c a r r yo n l y o n e t e l e v i s i o n c h a n n e - 1 p e r t r a n s p o n d e r . T h es a t e l l i t e w a s s t a t i o n e d a t 14 3. d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i -t u d e , a b o v e t h e e q u a t o r , s o u t h o f t h e A l a s k a /C a n a d a b o r d e r . L i f t o f f w a s d e l a ye d a p p r o x i m a t e l y8 m i n u t e s t o i n v e s t i g a t e a l i q u i d d r i p p i n g , f r o mt h e , f i r s t s ta ge .. O n i n s p e c t i o n t h i s p r o v e d t o b ew a t e r c o n d e n s a t i o n . ( S )T h i s , w a s t h e s e c on d - " a d v a n c e d " a l l - s o l i d - s t a t ec o m m u n i c a t i o n s s a t e - l l i t e i n t h e s e r i e s t h a t b e g a n'w i t h S A T C O M 5 . L i k e - t h e p r e d e c e s s o r s p a c e c r a f t , ,i t s p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n i s ' t o p r o v i d e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s ,b e t w e e n A l a s k a a n d ' t h e 48-. c o n t i g u o u s ; s t a te s ; , i th a s a s e p a r a t e spot b e a m f o r H a w a i i . R C A - c o n t r o l -l e r s f i r e d t h e o n - b . o a r d k i c k m o t o r a t 2:.30 p.m. o nA p r i l 1 4 , 1.983. T he . s a t e l l i t e w a s m a n e u v e r e d t o ap o s i t i o n a t 1 2 8 d e g r e e s , we.st. l o n g i t u d e , w h e r e i te n t e r e d s e r v i c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i n g c h e c k o u t o p e r a -t i o n s . (S)

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eS A T C O M 2 R

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e8 Sep 831852 EUT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3924( D e l t a 1 7 2 )

    N A S AC o d eR C A - G

    S i t e /P a dE T R1 7 B

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i s w a s t h e t h i r d o f t h e a d v a n c e d a l l - s o l i d - s t a t ec o m m u n i c a t i o n s s a t e l l i t e s i n t h e s e r i e s t h a t b e g a nw i t h S A T C O M 5 . T h e o n - b o a r d m o t o r f i r e d n o r m a l l ya t a p o g e e o n S e p t e m b e r 1 2 , 1 98 3, a f t e r w h i c h t h es p a c e c r a f t w a s m a n e u v e r e d t o i t s o p e r a t i n g p o s i -t i o n a t 7 2 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e . I t e n t er e dr o u t i n e s e r v i c e a s a p a r t o f t h e R C A S AT C OM s ys -t e m, p r o v i d i n g c o v e r a g e f o r t h e c o n t i g u o u s 4 8states. (S)

    S - 1 7

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    OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eFLTSATCOM 3

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e1 7 J a n 8 02026 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eA t l a s / C e n t a u r(AC-49)

    N A S AC o d eFLTSATCOM-C ETR36A

    FLTSATCOM 4 30 Oct 802254 EST A t l a s / C e n t a u r(AC-57) FLTSATCOM-D E T R36A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i r d i n a s e r i e s o f f i v e m i l i t a r y s p a c e c r a f t .L i f t o f f w a s d e l a y e d 3 7 m i n u t e s f o r r e l e a s e o f t w oa d d i t i o n a l i n s t r u me n t e d w e at h er b a l l o o n s t o e v a l u -a t e u p p e r l e v e l w i n d s h e a r. A s a r e s u l t , p i t c ha n d . y a w p r o g r a m s w e r e a d j u s t ed . T h e r e w e r e n ol a u n c h v e h i c l e o r s p a c ec r a ft a n o m a l i e s . F L T SA T C OM3 w a s p l a c e d i n n e a r - g e o s y n c h r o n o u s o r b i t a t 1 6 9d e y r e e s w e st l o n g i t u d e , o v e r t h e P a c i f i c Oc e a n.T h e s a t e l l i t e w a s l a t e r m o v e d t o t h e A t l a n t i cO c e an r e g i o n a n d i s p r o v i d i n g s e r v i c e f r om t h em i d d l e o f t h e U n i t e d S t a te s t o t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n .(S)F o u r t h i n a s e r i e s o f f i v e m i l i t a r y s p a c e c r a f t .L i k e e a r l i e r F LT SA TC OM s a t e l l i t e s , t h e s p a c e c r a f tw a s p l a c e d i n a n e a r - g e o s y n c h r o n o u s o r b i t b e c a u s eo f w e i g h t l i m i t a t i o n s . F L T S A TC O M 4 w a s s t a t i o n e do v e r t h e e q u a t o r a b o v e t h e P a c i f i c O c e a n . I t i sp r o v i d i n g s e r v i c e f r o m t h e w e s t c o a s t o f t h eU n i t e d S t a t e s t o S o u t h e a s t A s i a . T h er e w e re n oa n o m a l i e s . (S)

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    O P E R A T I O N A L SYSTEMS( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eFLTSATCOM 5

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e6 Aug 810416 EOT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eA t l a s / C e n t a u r(AC-59)

    N A S AC o d eF L T S A T C O M - E

    S i t e /P a dE T R36A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sF i f t h a n d l a s t i n a s e r i e s o f m i l i t a r y c o m m u n i c a -t i o n s s a t e l l i t e s . T h e c o u n t d o w n w a s u n e v e n t f u l ;h o w e v e r , t h e v e h i c l e e x p e r i e n c e d a n u n e x p l a i n e d" b u m p " . a t T+120 s e c o n d s . T h e r oc k et c o n t i n u e d t op e rf o rm n o r m a l l y b u t w i t h a s l i g h t a t t i t u d ee r r o r . T h e s p a c e c r a f t t e l e m e t r y b e c a m e n o n -s t a n d a r d . W h i l e t h e s a t e l l i t e w a s a b l e t o b es t a b i l i z e d o n t r a n s f e r o r b i t , t h e t e l e m e t r y r e t u r nb e c am e i n t e r m i t t e n t , i n d i c a t i n g _ a p o w er s ys te ma n o m a l y . T h e d e p l o y m e n t o f t h e s o l a r p a n e l s a n dc o m m u n i c a t i o n s a n t e n n a s w a s t h e r e f o r e d e l a y e d , b u te v e n t u a l l y a c c o m p l i s h e d . T h e s a t e l l i t e f u n c t i o n sa s a n i n - o r b i t s p a r e. ( S )

    S-19

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    .'SMS'TiEHS -^Continued')

    'Mi's'S'ton'Name' C ' O M S T A R D-4

    : L a u n c h'Date/Time.21 Reb 81

    LaunchVehicle 'NASA'Code PadAt! as/Centaur 'COMSTAR D-4TR.( A C - 4 2 ) 3'6'A

    Remarks/Results'.C.OM5TAR ..D-4 rs the fourth spacecraft in .a .seriesof domestic communications satell ites owned by C O M S A T General .Cor.porati.oa, and leased to A m e r i c a nTelephone a n d Telegraph Company .(AT&T),. Th esatellite-.can carry up to 18..000 t w o - w a y telephoneconversations. There we re no L a u n c h vehicle orspacecraft anomalies. The .satellite was stationedat .121 degrees west longitude,, over the '.equator,south of .Vancouv.er ..Lsland in 'Canada. . .OMS,?AR 4D-4.,'T,i~k;e fi't-s rpr.edecess;ors,, contains two ;sup.er-highfnequency :be:acons for :experiinental purposes,, -.o.per-:at.i-ng :at

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o n. N a m eA n i k D - l

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e26 Aug 821910 EOT

    LaunchV e h i c l eD e l t a3920( D e l t a 164)

    N A S ACodeT e l e s a t - F E T R1 7 B

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sA n i k D-l, o w n e d b y T e l e s a t C a n a d a , i s t h e f i f t hs p a c e cr a f t i n t h e C a n a d i a n d o m e s t i c c o m m u n i c a t i o n ss a t e l l i t e s y s t e m . T h e s a t e l l i t e h a s 2 4 c h a n n e l s ,c a p a b l e o f c a r r y i n g a t o t a l o f 18,000 t w o - w a yt e l e p h o n e c a l l s o r o n e c o l o r t e l e v i s i o n s i g n a l p e rc h a n n e l . F r o m i t s v a n t a g e p o i n t i n s p a c e t h es a t e l l i t e p r o v i d e s c o v er a g e f o r C a n a d a f r o m t h eA t l a n t i c t o t h e P a c i f i c a n d fr o m t h e A r c t i c C i r c l et o t h e s o u t h e r n U n i t e d S t a t e s . T h e r e w e r e n oc o u n t do w n a n o m a l i e s . T h i s w a s t h e f i r s t f l i g h t o fa n up r a t e d D e l t a s e c o n d s t a g e f r o m t h e E a s t e r nT e s t R a n g e . T h e s t a g e w a s f i r e d t o p r o p e l l a n td e p l e t i o n f o r e n g i n e e r i n g e v a l u a t i o n . B u r n t i m ef o r t h e u p r a t e d v e r s i o n w a s i n c r e a s e d f r o m 3 0 0s e c o n d s t o 4 3 0 s e c o n d s . T h e r e w e r e n o s p a c e c r a f ta n o m a l i e s . A n i k D - l w a s s t a t i o n e d a t 1 0 4 d e g r e e sw e s t l o n g i t u d e , s o u t h o f t h e e a s t er n h a l f o fS a s k a t c h e w a n . D u r i n g f l i g h t t h e s e c o n d s t a g er a d i o t r a n s m i t t e r e x p e r i e n c e d a s i g n i f i c a n t d r o pi n p o we r c a u s i n g i n t e r m i t t e n t t e l e m e t r y d a t a . ( S )

    S-21

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    OPERATIONAL S Y S T E M S -( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eN A T O I I I - D

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e13 N o v 8 41934 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3914( D e l t a

    N A S ACodeN A T O I I I - D

    1 7 7 )E T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i s w a s t h e f o u r t h a n d f i n a l N A T O I I I s a t e l l i t ep l a c e d i n o r b i t b y N A S A f o r t h e U S A F / S p a c e D i v i -s i o n , a c t i n g a s a g e n t s f o r N A T O . N A S A i sr e i m b u r s e d f o r t h e c o s t s o f t h e D e l t a a n d a s s o c i -a t e d l a u n c h e x p e n s e s . N A TO I I I - D , b u i l t b y F o r dA e r o s p a c e , i s a d r u m - s h a p e d s p a c e c r a f t w i t h f i x e da n t e n n a h o r n s o n t o p . T h e o u t e r s u r f a c e i sc o v e r e d w i t h s o l a r c e l l s f o r power g e n e r a t i o n , a n di t w e i g h s 3 88 k i l o g r a m s (853 p o u n d s ) o n s t a t i o n i ni t s f i n a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n . T h e D e l t a v e h i c l e u s e dt h e s t a n d a r d TE-364-4 t h i r d stage; V e h i . c l ep e r f o r m a n c e w a s s a t i s f a c t o r y , a n d i n j e c t e d t h es p a c e c r a f t i n t o a t r a n s f e r o r b i t . T h e o n - b o a r dm o t o r w a s f i r e d o n N o v e m b e r 1 5 , 1984, t o c i r c u l a r -i z e t h e o r b i t a t g e o s y n c h r o n o u s a l t i t u d e . T h es a t e l l i t e w a s t h e n m a n e u v e r e d t o i t s o p e r a t i n gp o s i t i o n a t 5 0 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e , . w h e r e i tc a n c o v e r t h e A t l a n t i c O c e a n r e g i o n . I t p r o v i d e sv o i c e , d a t a , f a c s i m i l e , a n d t e l e x m e s s a g e s a m o n gm i l i t a r y g r o u n d s t a t i o n s . ( S )

    'S-22

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o n/ N a m eT e l s t a r 3 A

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e2 8 J ul 8 31849 EOT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3920( D e l t a 1 7 1 )

    N A S AC o d eT e l s t a r C E T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t s

    A i r c r a f t a sv e r s i o n h a sG H z r a n g e ,v i d e o , a n d

    T h i s w a s t h e f i r s t T e l s t a r , o w n e d b y AT&T, t o b eu s e d a n a n o p e r a t i o n a l s p a c e c r a f t . T h e t w o p r i o rT e l s t a r s w e r e e x p e r i m e n t a l i n n a t u r e . T w o m o r eT e l s t a r 3 s p a c e c ra f t a r e p l a n n e d , b o t h t o b el a u n c h e d o n t h e S p a c e S h u t t l e . B u i l t b y H u g h e sa p a r t o f t h e i r HS-376 d e s i g n , t h e 3 A2 4 o p e r a t i n g t r a n s p o n d e r s i n t h e 6 / 4I t i s i n t e n d e d t o p r o v i d e v o i c e , d a t a ,f a c s i m i l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s t o a l l 5 0s t a t e s . W h e n a l l a r e i n s e r v i c e , t h e t h r e e -s p a c e c r a f t system w i l l r e p l a c e e x i s t i n g s a t e l l i t e sn o w b e i n g l e a s e d b y AT&T. T h e 3 A s p a c e c r a f t c o ni e sw i t h a n a t t a c h e d P A M - D s o l i d p r o p e l 1 a n t b o o s t e rs t a g e , a n d h e n c e r e q u i r e s o n l y a t w o - s t a g e D e l t a .B o t h t h e D e l t a v e h i c l e a n d t h e P A M - D p e r f o r m e d a se x p e c t e d , a n d t h e o n - b o a r d m o t o r w a s f i r e d t oc i r c u l a r i z e t h e o r b i t o n J u l y 2 9 , 1 9 8 3 . T e l s t a r3 A w a s m a n e u v e r e d t o i t s p o s i t i o n a t 8 7 d e g r e e swest l o n g i t u d e , w h e re i t e n t e r e d n o r m a l s e r v i c e .(S)

    S - 2 3

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    .0 RERATIO NAL '.(.Conttnued)G A L A X YM i s s i o nN a m eG a l a x y I

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e28 Jun 831908 EL)T

    LaunchVehi .c leD e l t a3920( D e l t a 170)

    ^ N A S ACodeG a la x y - A . E T R17 B

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i s w a s t h e f i r s t v e n t u re o f H u g h e s A i r c r a f t , ap r e m i e r m a k e r o f s a t e l l i t e s , i n t o t h e f i e l d o fo p e r a t i o n a l s p a c ec r a f t . H u g h e s b u i l t t h r e e o f i t st h o r o u g h l y . p r o v e n HS-376 s p a c e c r a f t f o r i t s ow nu s e , a n d s e c u r e d t h e n e c e ss a r y l i c e n s e s a n da s s i g n e d o r b i t a l s l o t s . A l l 2 4 o p e r a t i n g t r a n s -p o n d e r s o n G a l a x y I w e r e d e s i g n e d t o b e s o l d " i no r b i t " t o c a r e f u l l y s e l e c te d c a b l e p r o g r a m m e r s ,a l l o w i n g H u g h e s t o r e f r a i n f r om b e c o m i n g a r e g u -l a t e d " c o m m o n . c a r r i e r " . S o m e e a r l y c u s t o m e r si n c l u d e d H o m e B o x Office, T i m e s M i r r o r S a t e l l i t eP r o g r a m m i n g , T u r n e r . B r o a d c a s t i n g S y s t e m , a n d t h eS p a n i s h In t e r n a t i o n a l ' N e t w o r k . A l l c h a n n e l so p e r a t e i n t h e 6 / 4 G H z r a n g e . . T h e . s p a c e c r a f t c a m ew i t h I t s o w n a t t a c h e d P A M - D b o o s t e r . s ta g e, a n dt h u s r e q u i r e d o n l y a t w o - s t a g e D e l t a . B o t h t h eD e l t a a n d P A M - D p e r f o r m e d a s e x p e c t e d . T h e o n -.'board a p o g e e m o t o r w a s f i r e d t o c i r c u l a r i z e t h eo r b i t ' o n J u l y 2 , 1983. T h e s a t e l l i t e w a s m a n e u v -ered : t o i t s a s s i g n e d p o s i t i on a t 1 2 5 d e g r e e s w e s tl o n g i t u d e , - w h e re i t - e n t e r e d n o r m a l : s e r vi . ce . ( S )

    $-24

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    OPERATIONAL SYSTEMSContinued]

    MissionNameG a l a x y I I

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e2 2 Sep 831816 E O T

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3920( D e l t a 173)

    N A S AC o d eG a l a x y - B E T R1 7 A

    G a l a x y I I I 2 1 S e p 8 41818 E O T D e l t a3920( D e l t a 176)G a l a x y - C E T R1 7 B

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sT h i s w a s t h e s e c o n d s p a c e c r a f t i n t h e G a l a x ys e r i e s , w h i c h H u g h e s A i r c r a f t b u i l t f o r t h e p u r -p o s e o f s e l l i n g i n d i v i d u a l t r a n s p o n d e r s t oc u s t o m e r s " i n o r b i t " . G a l a x y I w a s o r i e n t e dt o w a r d c a b l e n e t w o rk c u s t o m e r s . G a l a x y I I w a sp l a n n e d p r i m a r i l y f o r s a l e s w i t h i n t h e b u s i n e s sc o m m u n i t y. I t i s i n t e n d e d t o r e l a y v i d e o , - v o i c e ,d a t a , a n d f a c s i m i l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s f o r U.S. b u s i -n e s s c u s t o m e r s . B o t h t h e D e l t a v e h i c l e a n d P A M - Ds t a g e p e r f o r m e d a s e x p e c t e d , i n j e c t i n g t h e s p a c e -c r a f t i n t o t h e p l a n n e d t r a n s f e r o r b i t . ' T h eo n - b o a r d m o t o r w a s f i r e d o n S e p t e m b e r 2 3 , 1983,a n d c i r c u l a r i z e d t h e o r b i t . T h e s a t e l l i t e w a sm a n e u v e r e d t o i t s a s s i g n e d p o s i t i o n a t 7 4 d e g r e e sw e st l o n g i t u d e , w h e r e i t e n t e r e d n o r m a l s e r v i c e .(S)T h i s w a s t h e t h i r d s a t e l l i t e i n t h e H u g h e s G a l a x yc o n s t e l l a t i o n , c o m p l e t i n g t h e s p a c e o p e r a t i n gp o r -t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m . T h e H u g h e s H S - 3 7 6 s p a c e c r a f t ,l i k e i t s p r e d e c e ss o r s , c a m e e q u i p p e d w i t h a P A M- Ds o l i d s t a g e a t t a c h e d . B o t h t h e D e l t a a n d P A M -Dp e rf o r me d w e l l , i n j e c t i n g t h e s p a c e c r a f t i n t o t h ed e s i r e d t r a n s f e r o r b i t . T h e o n - b o a r d m o t o r w a sf i r e d o n S e p t e m b e r 2 2 , 1984, a n d c i r c u l a r i z e d t h eo r b i t . G a l a x y I I I w a s d r i f t e d t o i t s a s s i g n e dl o c a t i o n o f 93.5 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e a b o v e t h ee q u a t o r , b e tw e e n G a l a x y I (135 d e g re e s w es t l o n g i -t u d e ) a n d G a l a x y I I ( 7 4 d e g r e e s w e s t l o n g i t u d e ) .O v e r h a l f t h e 2 4 t r a n s p o n d e r s h a d b e e n s o l d p r i o rt o l a u n c h , a n d t h e r e s t w e r e t o b e s o l d i n t h ee s t a b l i s h e d G a l a x y b u s i n e s s p r a c t i c e . ( S )

    S - 2 5

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    O P E ' R A T I B N A L SYSTEMS( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eS B S 1

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e15 N o v 8 01749 E S T

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3910( D e l t a 153)

    N A S AC o d eS B S -A E T R1 7 A

    SBS 2 24 Sep 811909 EOT D e l t a3910( D e l t a 156)SBS-3 E T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sF i r s t s p a c e c r a f t i n a s e r i e s o f s a t e l l i t e s i m p l e -m e n t i n g a b u s i n e s s c o m m u n i c a t i o n s s ys te m t op r o v i d e p r i v a t e - n e t w o r k s e r v i c e s , i n c l u d i n g c o m p u -t e r d a t a , f a c s i m i l e , t e l e p h o n e , a n d v i d e oc o n f e r e n c i n g . S B S ( S a t e l l i t e B u s i n e s s S y s t e m s ) i sa c o n s o r t i u m o f C O M S A T , IBM, a n d A e t n a L i f e &C a s u a l t y . D e l t a 1 5 3 is a l s o t h e f i r s t f l i g h t o f as o l i d p r o p e l l a n t P a yl o a d A s s is t M o d u l e (PAM s t a g e )r e p l a c i n g t h e T E - M - 3 6 4 - 4 t h i r d s t a g e . T h e r e w e r en o D e l t a v e h i c l e o r S B S a n o m a l i e s . A s l i g h t wob-b l e , c a l l e d c o n i n g , wa s d e t e ct e d w i t h t h e P AMs t a g e a t s p a c ec r a f t s e p a r a t i o n ; t h i s a no m a l y w a sp l a c e d u n d e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n b y M c D o n n e l l D o u g l a sA s t r o n a u t i c s C o m p a n y , t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r o f t h eP A M . S B S 1 w as s t a t i o n e d o v e r t h e e q u a t o r a t 1 0 6d e g re e s w es t l o n g i t u d e , s o u t h o f S a n t e F e , N e wM e x i c o . ( S )S e c o n d i n a s e r i e s o f s p a c e c r a f t f o r S a t e l l i t eB u s i n e s s S y s t e m s t o i m p l e m e n t p r i v a t e - n e t w o r kb u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s . T h e s p a c e c r a f t w a s p l a c e d i ng e o s y nc h r o n o u s o r b i t a t 9 7 d e g r e e s w e st l o n g i t u d e ,o v e r t h e e q u a t or a p p r o x i m a t e l y s o u th o f C o r p u sC h r i s t i , T e x a s . T h e r e w e r e n o a n o m a l i e s . ( S )

    S-26

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    O P E R A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S~ ( c o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eI N S A T - 1 A

    L a u n c hD a t e / T i m e10 Apr 820 1 4 7 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eD e l t a3910( D e l t a 1 6 1 )

    N A S AC o d eI N S A T - 1 A

    S i t e /P a dE T R1 7 A

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sI N S A T - 1 A w a s t h e f i r s t s a t e l l i t e t o c o m b i n ed i r e c t - t o - h o m e T V b r o a d c a s t i n g , r e g u l a r t e l e c o m-m u n i c a t i o n s s e r v i c e s , a n d w e a t h e r p h o t o g r a p h s ( o ft h e I n d i a n s u b c o n t i n e n t a r e a ) a l l i n t o a s i n g l es a t e l l i t e . T h e re w e r e n o D e l t a v e h i c l e a n o m a -l i e s . T h e s p a ce c r af t d i d n o t u t i l i z e a s t a n d a r ds o l i d p r o p e l 1 n t a p o g e e k i c k m o t o r , b u t i n s t e a da c h i e v e d f i n a l geosynchronous o r b i t w i t h a l i q u i df u e l e d 489-newton (110-pound) t h r u s t motor.I N SA T - 1A w a s a t h r e e - a x i s s t a b i l i z e d s a t e l l i t e a n dw a s s t a t i o n e d a b o v e t h e e q u a t o r a t 7 4 d e g r e e s e a stl o n g i t u d e , s o u t h o f B o m b a y. A f t e r o r b i t w a sa c h i e v e d , a d i f f i c u l t y i n d e p l o y i n g t h e s o l a rs a i l , u s e d i n a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , a n d a l a t e ra n o m a l y i n a n a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l t h r u s t e r , r e s u l t e di n t h e l o s s o f E a rt h p o i n t i n g c a p a b i l i t y . T h es a t e l l i t e b e c a m e u n u s a b l e a n d w a s t u r n e d o f f o nS e p t e m b e r 4 , 1 9 8 2 . I N S A T - 1 A w a s t h e f i r s t o f ap a i r o f s a t e l l i t e s t o b e o w n e d a n d o p e r a t e d b y t h eg o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a . ( P )

    S - 2 7

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    .SPACE T-RANSBORTATI.ON .SYSTEM

    M iss ionN a m e LaunchDate /T ime12 ' A p r -810700 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eS T S - 1(Columbia)

    N A S AC o d e: S T - S - IOV-102

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sS T S - 1

    S T S - 1 A s t r o n a u t sJohn W . Yo i i ng , CommanderRobert L. Crippen, PilotS TS -1 A c h i e v e m e n t sFirst Space Shuttle launch; first time .an all-newvehicle was l a un che d with people aboard; firstairplane-like landing of a craft returning fromorbit; first time solid-propellant rockets wereused to l a u n c h a manned spacecraft; first recoveryof boosters for reuse.Orbit StatisticsColumb ia made 36.-5orbits, traveling approximately1 , 5 0 2 , 7 3 6 k m ( 9 3 3 , 7 5 7 sm). Orbital velocity w a s28 ,135 kph ( 1 7 , 4 8 3 rm ph) ; period., 9 .0 minutes;inclination, 40.3.

    K S . C LC-39 Orbiter Columbia arrived at KSC atop .a 747 carrierPa d A aircraft on March -24, "1979, then spent 20 monthsundergoing final ..assembly tasks,, .paced .b y rework.o f its 'thermal -protection system. Liftoff wasplanned -for 6:50 -a.m.. , :April 1 0 , 1981, .but.a com-puter problem in the final countdown forced-postponement until 7:00 -a..m. :,EST, April 1 2, 1981.Th e solid rocket boosters were jettisoned 2minutes, 10 seconds into flight and .splashed downat .approximately .30N, 78W.; 260 km (.162 sm) -northeast .o f KSC; 4.1 km (2...5 :sm) apart. Majorcomponents were recovered fo r reuse. 'The -expend-able ^external tank .separated a t 8 -minutes, .5 8seconds .and -impacted in .a remote .area in the.Indian Ocean . The -first burn of the lOrbitalManeuvering System .engines pu t -the ispaceship intoelliptical :orbit. A fourth .burn .circularized thefinal :.orblt -a t , . 2 7 7 x 273 km (.172 x .170 sm).. The-mi-s;slon ;objectlv.e was ib.asTc: -.a s ucce s s f u l .launchan d :.saf.e return,. But the :crew tried ou t Colum-.bla's systems^, conducted :engineering tests., .-and.opened .and closed .the caryo ba y .doors severaltimes.. .W i th th e do.ors open., .th.ey .cou ld -see -.that1 '6 heat-shle'lding tiles were damaged or lost from the tail .section :a 'non-critical .-are.a not sub-jected vto intense -heat :during reentry,. 'Throughoutthe flight, -thecrew .kept 'Columbia :in a tail-f .orward position .and .up.si de-down relative ,to the.Earth,. An . O M S burn over the Indian .Ocean started a n hour-long landing descent, c a n d attitude controlthr.uster.s fire.d to turn the orbi.ter right-si.de upand nose forward. ".During landing Columbia .gradu-,al.ly ' .decreased its hypersonl.c speed '.by -fly'lng ;a:S,eries -o f S-turns. T.ouchdown .-.occurred -a t 1:.20.p .< m . . ^ E S T , April 1-4, 1981, -.on the -desert -:f;loorlanding istrip :(Runw.ay ,:23') '.on iRq.gers d)ny iLake catEdwards Air Force IBase, '.CaTiforni '-a. Mission :dura-..tl.on: 2 -days, ;6 .h.o.urfs/>=20 minutes.. ' (S,).

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    S P A C E T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eSTS-2

    LaunchDate /T ime12 Nov 811 0 1 0 EST

    LaunchV e h i c l eSFS-2( C o l u m b i a )

    N A S ACodeSTS-2OV-10'2

    Site/Pa dK S C LC-39P a d A

    Remarks /Resu l ts

    STS-2 A s t r o n a u t sJo e H . Eng le , CommanderR i c h a r d H. Truly, PilotSTS-2 Ach ievemen tsFirst manned space vehicle to be reused; proved th emost fundamental characteristics of the Space Shuttle its reusability; first pay loads carried aboardShuttle for purposes other than flight development ,OSTA-1 group of remote -sens ing experimen ts ; p rovedthe utility of the orbiter as a platform for orbitalresea rch ; first space test for remote man ipu la torsystem funded an d developed by Cana dian governm ent.Orbit StatisticsT r a v e l e d 1 , 5 0 2 , 7 3 6 k m ( 9 3 3 , 7 5 7 sm) in 36.5 orbits .Orbital inclination was 38

    S - 2 9

    L a u n c h f i r s t s e t f o r O c t o b e r 9 , 1981, w a s d e l a y e dw h e n a n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e s p i l l d i s s o l v e d b o n d i n gb e n e a t h t h e r m a l p r o t e c t i o n t i l e s c o v e r i n g t h eo r b i t e r . A b o u t 3 8 0 t i l e s h a d t o b e r e a f f i x e d . Al a u n c h a t t e m p t on N o v e m b e r 4, 1981, wa s s c r u b b e dw h e n t h e c o u n t d o w n c o m p u t e r h e l d t h e c o u n t b e c a u s eo f a l o w r e a d i n g f o r f u e l c e l l o x y g e n t a n k p r e s -s u r e s . D u r i n g t h e h o l d , h i g h o i l p r e s s u r e s w e r ed i s c o v e r e d i n t w o o f C o l u m b i a ' s t h r e e a u x i l i a r yp o w e r u n i t s . C l o g g e d o i l f i l t e r s w e re r e p l a c e d .A 7:30 a.m. a t t e m p t o n N o v e m b e r 1 2 , 1981, w ad e l a y e d t o 10:00 a.m. u e t o p r o b l e m s w i t h am u l t i p l e x e r / d e m u l t i p l e x e r . A n e w o n e w a s r e m o v e df r o m O r b i t e r C h a l l e n g e r , u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n i nC a l i f o r n i a , a n d f l o w n t o KSC. A n o t h e r 1 0 m i n u t e sg a v e t h e l a u n c h t e a m e x t r a t i m e . S h o r t l y a f t e rl a u n c h o n e o f t h e o r b i t e r ' s t h r e e f u e l c e l l sm a l f u n c t i o n e d . U n d e r c o n s e r v a t i v e m i s s i o n r u l e s ,STS-2 h a d t o b e r e d u c e d f r o m f i v e d a ys t o two.T h e c r e w w o r k e d h a r d t o f u l f i l l a s m a n y o b j e c t i v e sa s p o s s i b l e . T he y t e s te d t h e r e m o t e m a n i p u l a t o rs ys t e m d e s i g n e d t o d e p l o y p a y l o a d s i n o r b i t a n dr e t r i e v e t h e m . T h e h u g e m e c h a n i c a l a r m o p e r a t e ds u p e r b l y i n a l l modes, f r o m f u l l y m a n u a l t o f u l l ya u t o m a t i c . T he y p o i n t e d t h e c a r g o b a y t o w a r dE a r t h s o OSTA-1 e x p e r i m e n t s m o u n t e d o n a p a l l e ti n s i d e c o u l d sc a n t h e surface. T h e s e i n c l u d e d ar a d a r , r a d i o m e t e r , d a t a m a n a g e m e n t system, c a r b o nm o n o x i d e d i s t r i b u t i o n m a p p e r , a n d o c e a n c o l o re x p e r i m e n t . I n s i d e t h e c r e w c a b i n were a s u n -f l o w e r b i o e n g i n e e r i n g t e s t a n d l i g h t n i n g s u r v e yc a m e r a . S e v e r a l s c i e n t i s t s w e r e s a t i s f i e d w i t hr e s u l t s f r om t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t s , b u t o t h e r s w o u l dr e f l y t h e m o n l a t e r m i s s i o n s . C o l u m b i a l a n d e d a t4 : 2 3 p.m. EST, N o v e m b e r 14, 1981, on the s a m e dr yl a k e b e d (Runway 2 3 ) a t E d w a r d s A F B , C a l i f o r n i a ,u s e d for STS-1. M i s s i o n d u r a t i o n : 2 days, 6h o u r s , 13 m i n u t e s . (S)

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    S P A C E T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M~ :^Cont inued) ':

    M i s s i o nNameSTS-3

    LaunchDate /T ime22 Mar 821100 EST

    LaunchVehicleSTS-3( C o l u m b i a )

    N A S ACodeSTS-3OV-102

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t s

    STS-3 AstronautsJ a c k R. Lousma, CommanderC h a r l e s G. Fuller-ton, PilotSTS-3 A c h i e v e m e n t sFirst launch on day originally scheduled; firsttime manipulator a rm removed a payload f rom theorbiter's c a r g o bay; longest of the orbitalflight tests; first student experiment flown onShuttle.Orbit StatisticsTraveled 5.4 million k m . ( 3 . 3 million sm) in 129.5orbits. Orbital inclination was 38

    K S C LC-3 9 Planned 10:00 a.m. launch w as de l ayed on e hour du ePad A to a failed heater on a nitrogen purge line in theground support equipment. About 7 minutes intolaunch, one auxiliary power unit registered over-heating, but all three functioned properly ondescent. In orbit, the crew met with only minorprob lems space sickness, a malfunctioningtoilet, and sleep-disrupting static c o m i n g o v e rtheir headsets from a powerful radar station inAsia. Loss of three c o m m u n i c a t i o n s links on March26 reduced data transmission but,with other linksstill operable, did not threaten safety. The crewput Columbia through extensive thermal testing,maneuve r ing in several attitudes nose to Sun,open pa y l o a d bay to Sun, and tail to Sun androlling to equalize external temperatures. W h e nexposed to extreme cold, the bay doors had to beheated by the Sun before they w o u ld latch proper-ly. An OSS-1pallet of space s c i e n c e e x pe r im e n t sinside the c a r g o bay gathered data on the orbi-ter 's interaction with the space environment.Inside the c rew cabin were an electrophoresistest, monod isperse latex reactor project, and thefirst experiment of a teen -aged finalist in theShuttle Student Involvement Prog ram. Developed byTodd Nelson of Adams, Minnesota, it called for thecrew to film w inged insects. The crew used theremote manipulator system to move a .plasma experi-ment outside the c a r g o bay despite short circuiti n >a monitoring TV camera . Heavy rains floodedthe normally dry l a k e bed runway used for STS-1an d -2 at Edwards AFB, California, so prior tol a u n c h needed equ ipment wa s sh ipped in 38 railroadcars to an alternate site, Northrup Strip at W h i t eS a n d s , N ew Mexico. Strong w in d s there extendedt h e m i s s i o n a n extra day and Co lumb ia touched downat .11:05 EST, March 30, 1981. Mis s i o n duration:8 d a y s , 5 minutes. (S )

    S P A C E TRANSPORTATION S Y S T E M(Continued)

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    MissionName L a u n c hDate/TimeSTS-4

    S T S - 4 A s t r o n a u t s

    2 7 J un 8 21100 EOT

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eSTS-4( C o l u m b i a )

    N A S AC o d eSTS-4O V - 1 0 2

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sK S CPa d LC-39A

    Thomas K. Mattingly, CommanderHenry W . Hartsfield,.PilotSTS-4 AchievementsFinal orbital flight test for Shuttle vehicles;first landing on a concrete runway; first Departmentof Defense payload; first classified payload;first experiment by a commercial firm; first jointNASA/industry endeavor to promote development ofproducts manufactured in space; first GetawaySpecial; first Shuttle launch to occur exactly ontime.Orbital StatisticsTraveled 4.7 million km (2.9 million sm) in112.5orbits. Orbital inclination was 28.5.

    S-31

    T w o d ay s b e fo r e l a u n c h , t o r r e n t i a l r a i n s a n d h a i l -s t on es p e l t e d t h e v e h i c l e o n t h e p a d , d a m a g i n gm a n y o f t h e o r b i t e r ' s t i l e s . A f t e r a t h o r o u g hi n s p e c t i o n , t e c h n i c i a n s m a d e r e p a i r s w i t h ah a r d e n i n g c h e m i c a l - - w i t h o u t d e l a y i n g l i f t o ff .T o e as e c o n c e r n t h a t t i l e s w o u l d s h a t t e r w h e nw a t er f r oz e n i n s i d e t u r n e d t o s t e am d u r i n gr e e n t r y , t h e a s t r o n a u t s m a n e u v e r e d i n o r b i t t os a f e l y d r y t h e m o u t b y e x p o s u r e t o t h e Sun.T h e r m a l t e s t i n g c o n t i n u e d o n t h i s f l i g h t . T h ec re w t e st ed t h e m a n i p u l a t o r a r m a g a i n , m o v i n g ac o n t a m i n a t i o n m o n i t o r o u t s i d e t h e p a y l o a d b a y t og a t he r d a t a o n p a r t i c l e s i n t h e s u r r o u n d i n ge n v i r o n m e n t t h a t c o u l d a f fe c t f u t u r e e x p e r i m e n t s .T h i s wa s t h e s e co nd f l i g h t o f t h e m o n o d i s p e r s el a t e x r e a c t o r a n d t h e f i r s t o f t h e c o n t i n u o u s f l o we l e c t r o p h o r e s i s s y s t e m , b o th c o n t i n u i n g p r og r a m ss c h e d u l e d f o r s e v e r a l m i s s i o n s . T h e c r ewc o nd u ct ed t h e l i g h t n i n g s u r v e y o r i g i n a l l y f l o wn o nt h e s h o r t e n e d S T S - 2 f l i g h t , a n d t w o s t u d e n tm e d i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h t h e m s e l v e s a s t e s ts u b j e c t s . A l s o o n t h i s f l i g h t w a s t h e f i r s tG e t a w a y S p e c i a l i n t h e S m a l l , S e l f - C o n t a i n e dP a y l o a d P r o g r a m . S p a c e a b o a r d t h e S h u t t l e c o u l db e r e s e r v e d b y a ny o ne a t r e l a t i v e l y l o w c o s t , a sl o n g a s t h e G et aw ay S p e c i a l c o n t a i n e r s h e l ds c i e n t i f i c o r t e c h n o l o g i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s . T h ef i r s t one, p u r c h as e d b y Ut a h b u s i n e s s m a n G i l b e r tM o o r e f o r $10,000, c o n t a i n e d 1 0 e x p e r i m e n t sd e s i g n e d b y c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s . A f t e r l a u n c h , t h eS T S - 4 s o l i d r o c ke t b o o s t er s s a n k i n t o 9 4 5 m e t e r s(3,100 f e e t ) o f w a t e r i n t h e A t l a n t i c O ce a n a n dc o u l d n o t b e r e c o v e r e d f o r r e u s e . A s u b m e r s i b l et o o k p i c t u r e s o f b o o s t e r d e b r i s a n d r e c o v e r e d t h ef l i g h t d a t a r ec o r d er s . P r o b a b l e c a u s e o f t h e l o s sw a s e a r l y s e p a r a t i o n o f t h e b o o s t e r s f r o m t h e i rp a r a c h u t e s . C o l u m b i a t o u c h ed d o w n o n R u n w a y 2 2 a tE d w a r d s AF B, a l i f o r n i a , a t 12:09 p.m. EDI, J u l4 , 1982. M i s s i o n d u r a t i o n : 7 d a y s , 1 h o u r , ym i n u t e s . ( S )

    SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(Continued)

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    MissionName LaunchDate/TimeSTS-5

    STS-5 A s t r o n a u t s1 1 N o v 8 20700 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eSTS-5( C o l u m b i a )

    N A S AC o d eSTS-5OV-102

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sK S CP a d LC-39A

    Vance D. B rand , CommanderRobert F. Overmyer, PilotJoseph P. Allen, Mission SpecialistWilliam 8. Lenoir, Mission SpecialistSTS-5 AchievementsFirst operational mission for Shuttle vehicle;first time four people were launched into s paceinside one vehicle; first satellite deploymentfrom Shuttle orbiter; first time Shuttle carriedthe Payload Assist Modu le upper stage; firstcommercial (partially reimbursable) mission; firstflight to carry mission specialists in addition tocommander and pilot; on-time liftoff in shortestlaunch w i ndo w to date for the Shuttle '(33 minutes).Orbit StatisticsTraveled 3.4 million km (2.1million sm) in81.5orbits. Orbital inclination was 28.5.

    S - 3 2

    L i f t o f f o c c u r r e d o n t i m e a f t e r a n a l m o s t f l a w l e s sf i n a l c o u n t d o w n . P o s s i b l e d e l a y s h a d t h r e a t e n e dw h e n a h e l i u m l e a k w a s d i s c o v e r e d o n t h e o r b i t e r ' sf u e l l i n e s a n d w h e n c o m m a n d e l e c t r o n i c s f a i l e d i nt h e P a yl o a d A s s i st M o d u l e (PAM) t t a c h e d t o o n e o ft w o s a t e l l i t e s i n s i d e t h e c a r g o bay. T h e l e a kr a t e w a s d e t e r m i n e d t o b e a c c e p t a b l e f o r f l i g h t ,a n d r e p l a c i n g a b r o k e n c o m p u t e r c h i p s o l v e d t h eo t h e r p r o b l e m . B o t h S R B 's w e r e r e c o v e r e d a f t e rl a u n c h , d e s p i t e b r o k e n a i r h o s e s b e t w e e n t h e S R Bc a s i n g s a n d r e c ov e r y s h i p s . P r i m a r y g o a l o f t h em i s s i o n w a s a c h i e v e d w i t h t h e s m o o t h d e p l o y m e n t o ft w o s p i n - s t a b i l i z e d c o m m e r c i a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ss a t e l l i t e s SBS-C, o w n e d by S a t e l l i t e B u s i n e s sSystems, a n d A n i k C-3, o w n e d b y T e l e s a t C a n a d a . Am a l f u n c t i o n i n g c o m p u t e r s c r e e n o n t h e o r b i t e r d i dn o t a f f e c t d e p l o y m e n t . A 6 h o u r c o u n t d o w n f o rS B S -C e j e c t i o n b e g a n 2 h o u r s a f t e r l a u n c h . T h es a t e l l i t e w a s r e l e a s e d f r o m t h e c a r g o b a y a t 3:17p . m . EST. I t s P A M m o t o r , f i r e d 4 5 m i n u t e s l a t e r ,t o o k S B S - C t o g e o s y n c h r o n o u s t r a n s f e r o r b i t . A n i kC - 3 w a s d e p l o y e d t h e n e x t d a y a t 3:24 p.m. EST.A n E V A w a s r e s c h e d u l e d w h e n L e n o i r f e l l i l l w i t hm o t i o n s i c k n e s s , t h e n c o u l d n o t b e a t t e m p t e db e c a u s e o f a s tu c k p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r i n o n e s u i ta n d a m a l f u n c t i o n i n g f a n i n t h e o t h e r . D u r i n gl a u n c h A l l e n w o r e i n s t r u m e n t s t o m e a s u r e f l u i dm o v e m e n t i n h i s h e a d , s o t h a t p h y s i c i a n s m i g h tb e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d t h e n a t u r e o f s p a c e s i c k n e s s .Eac'h o f t h r e e STS-5 s t u d e n t e x p e r i m e n t s a i m e d a tl e a r n i n g m o r e a b o u t f u n c t i o n s i n m i c r o - g r a v i t y .O n e r e c o r d e d c r y s t a l g r o w t h , a n o t h e r o b s e r v e d t h ep r o c e s s o f c o n v e c t i o n , a n d a t h i r d s t u d i e d h o ws p o n g e c e l l s r e a g g r e g a t e d a f t e r b e i n g s e p a r a t e d .T h e G e ta w ay S p e c i a l , f i r s t p a y l o a d i n t h e W e s tG e r m a n M A U S project, i n v e s t i g a t e d d i s p e r s i o n o ft w o l i q u i d m e t a l s . C o l u m b i a l a n d e d o n a c o n c r e t er u n w a y a t E d w a r d s AFB, C a l i f o r n i a , a t 9:33 a.m.E S T , N o v e m b e r 1 6 . M i s s i o n d u r a t i o n : b d a y s , 2h o u r s , 14 m i n u t e s . (S)

    S P A CE T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M

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    " ( C o n t i n u e d )

    M i s s i o nN a m eSTS-6

    LaunchDate/T ime4 Apr 831330 EST

    L a u n c hV e h i c l eSTS-6(Challenger)

    N A S AC o d eSTS-6OV-099

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sK S C LG-39P a d A

    STS-6 A s t r o n a u t sP a u l J . W e i . t z , C o m m a n d e rK a r o l J . B o b k o , P i l o tD o n a l d H . P e t e r s o n, M i s s i o n S p e c i a l i s tStory M u s g r a v e , M i s s i o n S p e c i a l i s tSTS-6 A c h i e v e m e n t sF i r s t N A S A l a u n c h u s i n g t h e I n e r t i a l U p p e r S t ag ea s a b o o s t er ; f i r s t l a u n c h o f t h e s a t e l l i t e d e s i g n e dt o r e p l a c e m a n y N A S A t r a c k i n g s t a t i o n s , t h e T D R S ;w a l k s i n s p a c e b y t w o A m e r i c a n a s t r o n a u t s f o r t h ef i r s t t i m e s i n c e t h e e n d o f t he A p o l l o p r o g r a m , a n df i r s t u s e o f t h e n e w t y p e o f s p a c e s u i t d e s i g n e d f o rS p a ce S h u t t l e c re w s ; t h i s w a s a l s o t h e f i r s t t i m e a l lthree o r b i t e r m a i n e n g i n e s h a d t o b e c h a n g e d o u t ont h e p a d , a n d t h e p a y l o a d h a d t o b e r e m o v e d a n dr e t u r n e d t o a c h e c k o u t f a c i l . i t y f o r c l e a n i n g .O r b i t S t a t i s t i c sO r b i t e r C h a l l e n g e r c om p l e te d 8 0 o r b i t s .I n c l i n a t i o n wa s 28.5. T h e o r b i t a l

    S - 3 3

    T h i s w a s t n e f i r s t l a u n c h o f C h a l l e n g e r , t h es e co n d S p a c e S h u t t l e o r b i t e r , w h i c h w a s c o n s i d e r e da n o p e r a t i o na l v e h i c l e o n i t s f i r st f l i g h t . T h eo r i g i n a l l y s c h e d u l e d l a u n c h d a t e o f J a n u a r y 2 0 w a sp o s t p o n e d t w i c e , o n c e f o r a h y d r o g e n g a s l e a k t h a tr e q u i r e d t h e r e m o v al , r e p a i r a nd . r e i n s t a l l a t i o n o ft w o o r b i t e r m a i n e n g i n e s an d r e p l a c e m e n t o f t h et h i r d , a n d o n ce f o r p a y l o a d c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h el e a k w a s d i s c o v e r e d d u r i n g a F l i g h t R e a d i n e s s F i r -i n g o f t h e o r b i t e r m a i n e n g i n e s o n D e c e mb e r 1 8 ,1 9 8 2 , w h i c h l e d t o a s e c o n d a n d c o n f i r m i n g e n g i n ef i r i n g o n J a n u a r y 2 5 , 1983, f o l l o w e d b y t h e e n g i n er e m o v a l s . A n o t h e r m a jo r p r o b l e m w a s p a r t i c u l a t em a t te r b l o w n i n s i d e t h e c a r g o b a y d u r i n g a s t o r m .T h e h i g h w i n d s b r e a c he d t h e p a y l o a d changeout rooms e a l s a r o u n d t h e c a r g o b a y . T h e p r i m a r y p a y l o a d ,t h e T r a c k i n g a n d D a t a R e l a y S a t e l l i t e (TORS), h a dt o b e r e m o v e d a n d r e t u r n e d t o a c h e c k o ut f a c i l i t yf o r c l e a n i n g . T h e c a r g o b a y a n d c h a n g e o u t r o o mw e re a l s o t h o r o u g h l y c l e a n e d . TORS w a s d e p l o y e ds a t i s f a c t o r i l y a n d i t s a t t a c h e d b o o s t e r ( I n e r t i a lU p p e r S t a g e ) f i r e d o n t i m e . T h e I U S f i r s t s t a geo p e r a t e d a s e x p e c t e d , b u t t h e I U S s e c on d s t a g e c u to f f 3 3 s e c o n d s early. TORS entered a n u n s a t i s f a c -t o ry l o w o r b i t . G r o u n d c o n t r o l l e r s u s e d " e x t r a"p r o p e l 1 a n t l o a d e d f o r b a l l a s t a n d t h e a t t i t u d ec o n t r o l t h r u s t e r s o n TORS t o r a i s e i t t o g e o s y nc h -r o n o us o r b i t , o v e r a p e r i o d o f s e v e r al m o n t h s . I tt h e n e n t e r e d n o r m a l s e r v i c e . T h re e GetawayS p e c i a l e x p e r i m e n t s w e re c a r r i e d i n t h e c a r gob a y. M u s g r a v e a n d P e te r s on p e r f o r m e d t h e f i r s ts p a c ew a l k s i n t h e S T S p r o g r a m , w o r k i n g i n t h ec a r g o bay for 4 hour s, 17 minutes. The M o n o d i s -p e r s e L a t e x R e a c t o r a n d C o n t i n u o u s Fl o w E l e c t r o -p h o r e s i s e x p e r i m e n t s w er e a l s o f l o w n a g a i n i n t h em i d d e c k o n t h e o r b i t e r . C h a l l e n g e r l a n d e d a t 1:53p . m . EST, o n R u n w a y 2 2 a t E d w a r d s AFB, C a l i f o r n i a ,o n A p r i l 9 . M i s s i o n d u r a t i o n : 5 ~ days, 2 5m i n u t e s . (S)

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    S P A C E TRANSPORTATION S Y S T E M( C o n t i n u e d )

    MissionNameSTS-7

    LaunchDa te /T ime18 Jun 830 7 3 3 EO T

    L a u n c hVehicleSTS-7(Challenger)

    N A S ACodeSTS-7OV - 0 99

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t s

    STS-7 AstronautsRobert L. Crippen, CommanderFrederick C. H a u c k , PilotJohn M. Fabian, Mission SpecialistSally K. Ride, Mission SpecialistNorman Thagard, Mission SpecialistSTS-7 AchievementsFirst A m e r i c a n woman to fly in space;first five-person c rew launched in a singlevehicle; first flight of an independentsmall spacecraft (SPAS-01 ) operating underits ownpower away from the orbi'ter; firstant colony in space; first Space Shuttle repeatc rewmember (Crippen); first wave-off of primelanding site (KSC)a n d landing on t he same da yat a ba,ck-up site (Edwa rds AFB).

    K S C LC-39 Th e launch was on time and experienced no delaysPa d A in schedule. Th e primary payload was two commun i -ites in the Hughes HS-376 . series,Telesat of Canada a n d P a l a p a B forIndonesia. Both spacecraft wereP A M booster stages, w h i c h fireda n d placed both in geosy nch ronous

    Orbit StatisticsOrbiter Challenger completed 97 orbits,orbital inclination was 28.5 T h e

    c a t i o n s s a t e lA n i k C - 2 f o rP E R U M T E L o fa t t a c h e d t os u c c e s s f u l l yt r a n s f e r o r b i t s . L a t e r f i r i n g s o f t h e a p o g e em o t o r s o n b o th c i r c u l a r i z e d t h e o r b i t s , a ft e rw h i c h t h ey e n t e r e d s e r v i c e f o r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v ec o u n t r i e s . A S h u t t l e P a l l e t S a t e l l i t e (SPAS-U1)w a s d e p l o y e d b y t h e C a n a d a r m a n d o p e r a t e d i n s p a c ei n d e p e n d e n t l y , t a k i n g t h e f i r s t p h o t o s o f a no r b i t er w i t h t h e E a r t h a s t h e b a c k g r o u n d . I t w a sr e t u r n e d t o t h e c a r g o b a y a n d b r o u g h t b a c k t oE a r t h . T h e SPAS-01 p a l l e t h e l d t e n e x p e r i m e n t s ,i n c l u d i n g m a t e r i a l s r es e a r ch i n m i c r o g r a v i t y ,o p e r a t i n g h ea t p i p e s , a n d u s i n g a r e m o t e s e n s i n gs c a n n e r . T h e M o n o d i s p a r s e L a t e x R e a ct o r a n dC o n t i n u o u s F l o w E l e c t r o p h o r e s i s e x p e r i m e n t s a g a i nf l e w i n t h e m i d d e c k a r e a . A s t r o n a u t T h a g a r dg a t h e r e d d a t a o n h i m s e l f a n d o t h e r a s t r o n a u t s t oa i d i n s p a c e s i c k n e s s s t u d i e s . A s p e c i a l s u p p o r ts t r u c t u r e i n t h e c a r g o b a y h e l d - t n e O S TA - 2 e x p e r i -m e n t s , a j o i n t e f f o r t b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n dW e s t G e r m a n y , p r i m a r i l y i n t h e a r e a o f m a t e r i a l sp r o c e s s i n g . S e v e n G e t a w a y S p e c i a l c a n i s t e r s i nt h e c a r g o b a y h e l d a w i d e v a r i e t y o f e x p e r i m e n t s .C h a l l e n g e r l a n d e d a t 9:57 a.m. EOT, J u n e 1 4 , o nt h e d r y l a k e b e d ( R u n wa y 2 3 ) a t E d w a r d s FB,C a l i f o r n i a . . , M i s s i o n d u r a t i o n : : 6 d a y s , 2 h o u r s ,24 m i n u t e s . (S)

    S.r-34.

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    SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM( C o n t i n u e d ) ~

    M i s s i o n- N a m eSTS-8

    LaunchDate/T ime30 Aug 83^0232 E S T

    LaunchV e h i c l eSTS-8( C h a l l e n ge r )

    NASA.CodeSTS-8OV-099

    R e m a r k s / R e s u l t sKSC LC-39P a d A

    STS-8 A s t r o n a u t sR i c h a r d H . Truly, CommanderDa n i e l C. Brandenstein, PilotDa le A . Gardner , M iss ion SpecialistGuion S. Bluford, Miss ion SpecialistW i l l i a m E . Thornton, Miss ion SpecialistSTS-8 A c h i e ve me n t sF i r s t f l i g h t i n w h i c h a l l v e h i c l e o b j e c t i v es w e r ea c c o m p l i s h e d ; f i rs t n i g h t l a u n c h o f a S p a c e S h u t t l e ,f o l l o w e d b y a n i g h t l a n d i n g o f t h e o r b i t e r ; o l d e s tU . S . a s t r o n a u t i n s p a c e ( T h o r n t o n , a g e 54); i r s tA m e r i c a n b l a c k a s t r o n a u t i n s p a c e ( B l u f o r d ) ; f i r s ta s t r o n a u t l i v e p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e f r o m a n o r b i t e r ;a n d f i r s t i n - o r b i t t i l e s u r v e y u s i n g t h e R M SC a n a d a r m a n d t e l e v i s i o n c a m e r a ..O r b i t S t a t i s t i c sO r b i t e r C h a l l e n g e r c o mp l e t e d 9 7 o r b i t s . T h eo r b i t a l i n c l i n a t i o n w a s 28.5.

    T h e c o u n t d o w n w a s h e l d f o r 1 7 m i n u t e s p a s t t h ep l a n n e d l i f t o f f t i m e d u e t o w e a t h e r . T h e a c t u a ll a u n c h w e n t s m o o t h l y , a f t e r o n e o f t h e m o s tt r o u b l e - f r e e v e h i c l e p r o c e s s i n g a n d c o u n t d o w n s t od a te . O r b i t a l o p e r a ti o n s we r e a l s o r e l a t i v e l yu n t r o u b l e d . B o t h t h e l a u n c h a n d t h e l a n d i n g w e r ep e r f o r m e d i n d a r k n e s s . T h e m a j o r i t e m o f p a y l o a dw a s t h e I N S A T I B s p a c e c r a f t , a n I n d i a n s a t e l l i t ec a p a b l e o f w e a t h e r m o n i t o r i n g , t e l e v i s i o n t r a n s -m i s s i o n , a n d d at a r e l a y , e s s e n t i a l l y a t h r e e - i n -o n e s p a c e c r a f t . I t w a s d e p l o y e d o n t h e s e c o n d d a ya n d l a t e r e n t er e d s e r v i c e f o r I n d i a . T h e T D R S w a sc h e ck e d o u t f o r p l a n n e d S p ac e S h u t t l e s u p p o r to p e r a t i o n s , a n d pe r f or m e d v e r y w e l l . U s e o f t h eT D R S i n c r e a s e d t h e l e n g t h o f t i m e t h e o r b i t e r w a s. i n c o n t a c t w i t h g r o u n d s t a t i o n s f r om a n o r m a l 2 8 %p e r o r b i t t o 50%. T h o r n t o n , a n M . D . , p e r f o r m e d a ne x