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Sub :- Computer Hardware and NetworkingSub code :- (17533)Class :- EJ 5GMarks :- 50 M (Theory)Sub Teacher :- Mr. Rakesh Z. Vaikunthi

UNIT - 1

MOTHERBOARD AND

PERIPHERALS(14 M)

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Lecture - 1

000-209 Intro to CS. 5/Mother 4

Powersupply

CD-ROM drive

Floppydisk drive

Hard disk drive

Wires andribbon cables

Sound/networkcards

1. Inside a PC

Motherboard

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC COMPONENT

1) MOTHER BOARD 2) PROCESSOR

3) RAM 4) POER SUPPLY (SMPS)

5) HARD DISK

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6) KEY BOARD7) MOUSE

8) VIDEO CARD

9) SOUND CARD

PC CONFIGURATION • DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC CONFIGURATION DEPENDS

ON TYPES OF PROCESSOR MOTHER BOARD CHIPSET SIZE OF CACHE MEMORY PRIMARY MEMORY ETC

• AMD Processor• INTEL Processor

AMD Processor- AMD Athlon 64 FX- ½ GB DDR2 667 MHz- 160/200 GB SATA HDD- DVD drive- SLI Ready monitor- 17 in TFT or CRT - Keyboard and Mouse

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INTEL Processor A- Intel Core Processor Base Configuration

B- Intel Core2Duo Processor Base Configuration - Intel Core 2 Duo Processor 2.66 GHz - Memory 2/3 GB DDR2 - Hard Disk 200GB - Optical Blu-Ray Disk- Media reader with Bluetooth 2.0- Video card 768 MB

-Intel core to duo processor (1MB – 2.2 Ghz)- 1/2GB Duel Channel DDR2 SDRAM (667Mhz)- 17 inch TFT – Keyboard -DVD drive - Mouse- Integrated Intel Graphics Media

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Lecture - 2

Compare Different Types of PC configuration

Processor Speed(MHz)

Front Side Bus

L2 Cache Size

Multi - processing

Hyper -Threading

AMD Athlon 600- 1400

266 MHz 256 KB Supporting Supporting

Celeron 100-200 766 MHz 128 KB Not Supporting Not Supporting

Intel Pentium

Pentium- 160 - 233

66 128 KB Supporting Supporting

Pentium -2233 - 450

100 512 KB Supporting Supporting

Pentium -3450 – 500

133 Mhz 512 KB Supporting Supporting

Pentium- 41400

533 Mhz 512 KB Supporting Supporting

Duel Core2.33 to 2.6

667 Mhz 2 MB Supporting Supporting

Core 2 duo2.33 to 2.8

800 Mhz 4MB Supporting Supporting

Chipset

Def.- A compactible set of chips that interface with CPU on the mother Board is known as chipset.

Northbridge- The high-speed part of a common chipset architecture in a

computer. - The Northbridge is the controller that interconnects the CPU to

memory via the frontside bus (FSB). - It also connects peripherals via high-speed channels such as AGP

and PCI Express. - The Northbridge may include a display controller, obviating the

need for a separate display adapter.

Southbridge• The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the

motherboard that is responsible for the Hard Drive controller,

• I/O controller and integrated hardware such as Sound Card video card if present on the motherboard, USB,PCI,ISD,BIOS , and Ethernet.

• The south bridge gets its name for commonly being South of the PCI Bus.

• Below is a graphic illustration of the ASUS P5AD2-E motherboard and some basic explanations of each of the major portions of the motherboard including the Southbridge.

Chipset

Intel Chipset 945 G

Intel Chipset 945 G

• Intel 645G Express chipset was release in 2005• Chipset is the first support Intel's new Duel Core

Pentium D processor also support Pentium 4• 945G is main Aim to increase the performance of PC • It offers FSB (Front side Bus) speed up to 1066Mhz • It has Support for 300MBPS serial ATA• It Support SATA RAID.

Feature of Intel Chipset 945 G

• Code Name :- Lake port• Port Number :- 82945G• Bus Speed :- 1066Mhz• Support Processor :- Pentium F, P4• Memory Type :- DDR2• Maximum Memory :- 4GB

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Lecture - 3

BUS

• Bus is a Common path way that carries a signal between the component with In the computer.

• When used in reference to Personal computer, the term bus usually refers to internal bus.

• This is a bus that connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and Main memory .

• There's also an Expansion Bus that enables Expansion Boards to access the CPU and memory

Types Of BUS

1. ISA :- Industry standard Architecture2. PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect3. PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect

Extend4. PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component

Interconnect Express5. AGP :- Advance Graphics Port6. Processor Bus:- Front Side Bus

ISA :- Industry standard Architecture

• ISA Bus was develop by IBM team in 1981 • ISA Bus has two types 1) 8- bit ISA 2) 2) 16- bit ISA• IBM kept old 62- lines slot connectors of 8-bit ISA bus• And address 36- wires connectors with old 62- lines slot

connectors Features of ISA

8 more lines to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA Four more Address line to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA It support 16 MB of RAM ISA 16- bit Support both 8- bit and 16-bit Cords. Four more DMA channel used

PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect

• PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer.

• PCI is the initialise for Peripheral Component Interconnect • The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor

bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any processor's bus

• The first version of conventional PCI found in desktop computers was a 32-bit bus using a 33 MHz

• The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles.

• Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards, modems.

PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect Extend

• PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer.

Feature• It is Faster version of PCI, runs at twice the

speed from 66Mhz to 133 MHz• The Maxim amount of data exchange Between

processor and peripheral is 1.06GB• PCI-X bursting as normal operating Mode• Provide Synchronous Operation.

PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express

• PCI Xpress is a computer Expansion card interface format

• Most common use of PCI Express is with graphics cards and provide large bandwidth

Feature1. PCI Xpress is used as local interface 2. It is fast to replace between AGP And PCI3. It runs at 2.5Ghz4. It is a serial base technology5. It carries 250 MB/s data simultaneous transmit and

Receive.

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Lecture - 4

Cache Memory

• Cache memory is High speed memory buffer that temporary store data

• Processor can retrieve data from cache faster from main memory

• Cache holds the data and provide to processor when they needed

• Information and data is deleted when power supply is off

Types of cache memory

1. Internal cache (Level 1) cache 1:-• Cache L1 is used to hold working set of code and data• It built in to the processor called as internal cache• Size of L1 cache varies from processor to process starting

from 8KB to 64KB or more• L1 cache built in processor and can not Expanded2. External cache (Level 2) cache 2:-• L2 cache is mounted on the mother board that is external

to the processor so it is called as external cache• It runs at motherboard speed for Access• Size of L2 cache is 64KB to 2MB

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3. Level 2, L3 cache :-• It is connected to North bridge on M.B.• On the newer processor the additional L3

cache is built on motherboard in between CPU and main memory.

L1 Cache

L2 cache

Main Memory

Secondary cache

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Lecture - 5

Characteristics of CRT

Resolution :- Number of dots in vertical line (x axis) and horizontal line (y axis) known as resolution.

two types of resolution X- axis resolution (vertical)Y-axis resolution (horizontal)Refresh Rate :- rate at which the electron in the

monitor address brightness of pixel on the screen .Response Time :- response time is the maximum

time is the minimum time necessary to change a pixel color or Brightness.

LCD monitor

Explanation of LCD monitor

• LCD liquid crystal display is an electro optical amplitude modulator

• It is thin flat display made up of number of color pixel arrange of light source or reflector

• Each layer of pixel on LCD consist of layer of molecule aligned between two transparent electrode

• LCD is completely flat screen without flicuring • It shows more brightness and clarity of picture • It perform limited viewing.

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Lecture - 6

Difference between CRT and LCD

Factor CRT LCD

Contrast Ratio Higher Contrast Ratio Lower Contrast Ratio

Response Time

Less Response Time Greater Response Time

Angle of View Image may be viewed from side Angle

Limited viewing angle to CRT

Color Purity Better Average

CD ROM drive• a

CD ROM

CD Rom drive motor

Data Read logic

Timing Control

InterfaceClock

CD ROM Disk

Explanations of CD ROM drive

• The principle of CD Rom drive is base on optical technology

• CD Rom is used for compact disk read only memory• The disk is coated with silver material so that reflect with

laser light• Outer is coated with hard resistance jacket• Various component of CD Rom DriveDrive HeadHead ActuatorSpindle MotorFrame AssembleDrive Engine

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Question Bank on first unit

Question Bank

• SUB: - CHN (17533)• Branch:- EJ/EX Vth Sem UNIT 1• 2 Marks Questions:-• State different types of PC Configuration (w-

09)• Explain various types of Key Board (w-

10)• Difference between CRT & LCD (s-

09)• Define the Term:-• Resolution b) Refresh Rate c) Response Time (s-10)• List various Component on Mother Board (w-

10)• 4 Marks Questions:-• Construction & Working of Mouse (w,s-

09)• Compare different types of PC configuration (s-

09,w-08)• What is BUS? List of Different types of BUS. (s-08,w-

09)• Draw and Explain Intel 945G (s-09)• What is Cache memory & Explain its types (s-

09,w10,w-09)• Give Functional Block diagram of LCD monitor (w-08)• Give Advantages & Disadvantages of LCD (w-

08)