A Study Comparing the K+12 of the Philippines to

8/14/2019 A Study Comparing the K+12 of the Philippines to

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K-12 1

The Difference of the Philippine K-12 from the educational system of other countries

A Research Paper Presented toMrs. Millaine Taylan-Ambayec

Mapua Institute of Technoloy

In Partial !ulfillment

of the course re"uirement in#nlish for Academic Purposes 2

$#%&11'

(y)

*une 2+11


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Table of ,ontents

I. Abstract

II. (ody

III. ,onclusion 1

I/. References 10

/. Appendices

A. Interie 3uestions 14

(. Interie Transcript 15


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Abstract

K-126 or Model Kinder-4--2 is a proram deeloped by the Department of #ducation. The

educational system in the Philippines ill no hae thirteen years of basic education. The

research is bound to findin out the differences and similarities of Philippine K-12 from other

countries. The researchers also conducted an interie ith Mrs. 7u8 Mandaue and she said

that the educational system in other countries is better than the Philippine K-12. K-12 as

compared ith the 9.:. educational system and the ,hinese educational system because

their oernment ies importance to their education. ;ur research ill sho that reforms

are usually for the better especially hen they see that e are alays left behind. The

researchers< study is about K-12 and some other educational system of countries li=e 9.:.6

,hina6 *apan and :inapore. The researchers ould li=e to =no hy !ilipinos prefers to

study in forein countries rather than in their on countries. And this study ould also li=e

to sho hat benefits ill the incomin eneration of students ain ith this system6 and to

sho ho other countries ad>ust durin an educational reform. The researchers ould li=e

to inform !ilipinos in hat miht happen in their system of liin once K-12 is the on-oin

educational system of the country.


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The Difference of the Philippine K-12 from the educational system of other countries

This study is about the Philippine K-12 and its difference and similarities to the

educational system of other countries. The Philippine K-12 is a proram that ill add

years in the basic education. The focus of the proram is to add 2 years of senior hih

school after >unior hih school and =inderarten prior elementary education in line ith

international standards. The implementation of =inderarten is on :? 2+11-2+12 hile the

additional 2 years is on :? 2+12-2+1.

The researchers ant the readers to learn more about the differences and similarities

of the Philippine K-12 proram from other countries. Another aim of this study is for the

readers to =no and be aare hich education system is better. ;ne more ob>ectie of this

study is to proide information to the readers about the Philippine K-12 proram.

The importance of this study is to inform people about the ad>ustments that ill

happen hen the Philippine K-12 is implemented. The study is important because it ill

sho a limpse of the improements or disadantaes that ill happen hen the Philippine

K-12 is implemented. The study may help people to be informed about the possible effects

that this educational reform ill cause.

The scope of this study is to e@pose the structures of different educational systems

of the folloin countries) 9nited :tates6 :inapore6 *apan and ,hina. The researchers

chose these countries because they hae shon importance in their basic education system.

The study ill compare and contrast the different educational system. The study ill sho

the social6 political and economic impacts of educational reforms in the Philippines. The

research is limited only in proin that the educational system of other countries is better

than the Philippine K-12.


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The athered data throuh isits in some of libraries6 li=e the %ational library and the

school library and an interie ith Mrs. 7u8 Manduae. The interieee is an elementary

teacher at #lementary :chool and a tutor. :he had or=ed in both public and priate

schools.

It is difficult to pinpoint the e@act history of education6 as education has been

occurrin in some form for centuries in all parts of the orld. !or the purposes of this

article6 e ill e@plore the history of the K-12 education system e =no today as it applies

primarily to the 9nited :tates.

Today6 K-12 education represents the compulsory education re"uired of all children

in the 9:. Thouh a K-12 education can be attained from either publicly or priately funded

institutions6 children ho hae reached compulsory school ae $ranin from ae si@ to

eiht6 dependin on the state' are re"uired by la to attend school.

,ompulsory education in the 9nited :tates bean oer 10+ years ao hen orace Mann

established a stateide system of education in Massachusetts6 hich became the first

stateto pass school attendance las in 1502. (y 1B156 children ere re"uired by la to

receie an education in all states.

Kinderarten6 bein the first rade in the K-12 education system today6 as actually

deeloped prior to compulsory education. Thouh it is not compulsory in all states6 children

are re"uired to start school in most states at the ae of si@. If the child is too youn to start

=inderarten the year he turns fie6 =inderarten may technically be re"uired since he ill

be turnin si@ that school year. The ord kindergartenis of &erman oriin and means Cchild

or children


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The first =inderarten established in #nland as in 1502E the 9nited :tates folloed

by establishin its first =inderarten in 1504. Thouh education as re"uired of all children

in Massachusetts by that time and many other states ere folloin suit6 not all schools

proided6 nor re"uired6 =inderarten.

:imilarly6 not all schools re"uired a student to stay in school beyond a certain rade6

as compulsory education initially applied only to elementary aed children. Many children

ere also permitted to miss portions of the school year6 especially farmers< children ho

ere needed at home for harestin crops and preparin for the inter.

The #ducation Act of 1B156 or the !isher Act6 as an act of (ritish Parliament ritten

by erbert !isher that implemented chanes in proressie education and helped form

many aspects of the K-12 education system e reconi8e today. The !isher Act rose the ae

at hich children could leae school to fourteen and addressed education needs such as

health inspections and accommodations for special needs children. This Act also prompted a

committee that reported to and made recommendations to policy ma=ers

reardin education.

In the 9nited :tates6 unli=e #nland6 public education as oerned by each

indiidual state. As early as 1FB16 F states had specific proisions for education in their on

indiidual constitutions and ere formed partly on the basis of education ithout reliious

bias. Prior to the passin of compulsory school attendance las6 education as primarily

locali8ed and aailable only to the ealthy and often included reliious teachins. !olloin

the compulsory attendance las6 ,atholics banned toether in opposition of states

mandatin common schoolin and created priate ,atholic schools. In 1B206 the :upreme

,ourt ruled that children could attend public or priate schools for education.


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;er time6 each indiidual state deeloped its on department of education to

oersee the public education system. ,ompulsory attendance re to include =inderarten

and mandate attendance throuh the ae of 14. !undin sources for public education also

re to include federal6 state and local sources. !ederal fundin as oerseen by The

9nited :tates Department of ealth6 #ducation6 and Gelfarefrom 1B0 to 1BFB6 until it as

diided and the 9: Department of #ducation as formed as a stand-alone entity.

(y the 1B0+s6 compulsory education had become ell established6 but the K-

12 educational system e =no today as really still in its infancy. :chools ere still

primarily locali8edE but education as no loner aailable only to the ealthy. oeer6

een in the 1B0+s6 sereation by race as still common practice in public schools. Then

came another landmar= decision by the :upreme ,ourt.

In 1B06 in the 9: :upreme ,ourt case (ron . (oard of #ducation of Tope=a6

Kansas6 the :upreme ,ourt ruled unanimously that racial sereation in public schools as

unconstitutional. Thouh this decision as met ith resistance and it too= many years

before leali8ed sereation as completely eliminated6 especially in southern states6 the

federal courts eentually achieed success.

This achieement as not ithout its repercussions6 and many urban and inner city

schools sa an e@odus of ealthy and middle-class hite families6 ho moed to suburban

districts. In time6 many urban districts ere left only ith poor families and it became

difficult to attract and pay for "uality teachers and education.

:ince the formation of the 9: Department of #ducation in 1BFB6 the K-

12 education system has been similar to hat e reconi8e today6 but has underone a

series of deelopments and amendments to accommodate the chanin needs of education.

!undin has alays been a source of concern for public schools6 especially in poor6 urban

districts6 here "uality of education also came into "uestion.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-welfare.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-public-schools.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-welfare.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-public-schools.htm


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As a result6 federal fundin is no directly related to school performance as

determined by standardi8ed testin under the current %o ,hild 7eft (ehindAct $%,7('.

%,7( as sined into la by President &eore Gal=er (ush *anuary 2++2. 9nder this la6

standards of accountability ere increased in an effort to improe performance and to ie

parents fle@ibility in choosin schools.

%,7( re"uires states to administer assessments of basic s=ills to all students at

certain rade leels and achiee the standards set forth by each state in order to receie

federal fundin. :pecific and more riorous oals ere placed on readin achieements

under %,7( and states also had to deelop hih school e@it or raduation e@ams ith

specific measures of assessment in place as ell. The intention of %,7( as to hold schools

to a hiher leel of accountability6 but as debated from its inception.

,urrently6 the K-12 public education system proides a 12th rade education to

eliible students for free. !amilies hae the option of sendin their children to priate

schools6 but are then responsible for tuition. The future of K-12 education ill undoubtedly

e@perience chane and social and economic challene6 >ust as it has in the past. K-

12 education prorams may soon e@pand to include pre-K compulsory attendance and could

een e@pand to include options beyond the 12th rade6 as these are concepts6 in their

earliest staes6 currently bein e@plored.

(asic education in the 9nited :tates is a total of 12 years of reular schoolin. !rom

an online resource it is a prere"uisite to attend a year or to of pre-school education6 the

reular schoolin is then folloed by a four-stae hiher education deree$C9.:. #ducation

:ystem6 n.d'.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-no-child-left-behind.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-no-child-left-behind.htm


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K-12 9

The Philippine K-12 and the 9.:. (asic #ducation hae somethin in common and itects. :o it is li=e copyin but also reisin it in a ay.

Accordin to Mandaue $2+11'6 CIt doesn


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The !ilipino culture hihly reards education as an important factor to be successful

in life. There are collees in the Philippines that consistently made it to the list as top

uniersities of the orld and in Asia.

*apan has one of the orldHs best-educated populations6 ith 1++ enrollment in

compulsory rades and 8ero illiteracy. The Ministry of #ducation closely superises

curriculum and te@tboo=s6 and classes ith much the same content are tauht throuhout

the country. As a result6 a hih standard of education becomes possible. *apan continues to

emphasi8e the use of technoloy in education at all leels. The ,urriculum ,ouncil

submitted a ma>or recommendation report to the Ministry of #ducation6 in hich it

adocated the use of computers throuhout the educational system. Apparently that report

has brouht een more attention to the need to increase the e@posure of *apanese students

to instructional technoloy. *apan


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:inapore is a meltin pot of different cultures. !our $' ma>or races that ma=e up

:inapore


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The K-12 education system is the public educationalsystem that most of us are

familiar ith today. ,omprised of thirteen rades6 =inderarten throuh 12th6 the K-

12 education system refers to the public school system in all of the 9nited :tates6 ,anada6

the 9K6 and parts of #urope as ell.

The Philippine K-12 is a suitable moe by the oernment amidst the country


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In :cienceE :hanhai6 ,hina is still number one$1'6 on Kon6 ,hina is third $ rd'

folloed by :inapore at fourth$th' place and *apan in fifth$0th'6 in eihteenth$15th' place is

Macau6 ,hina6 tentieth$2+th' is 9nited :tates and Philippines is also not included in this

cateory as ell.

In readinE :hanhai6 ,hina is still first6 on Kon6 ,hina is fourth6 folloed by

*apan in fifth and :inapore at si@th6 9nited :tates is ran=ed seenteenth hile Macau6

,hina is ran=ed tenty-eihth and aain Philippines is not included. It only applies that our

country is not yet ood.

In an I.3. testE :inapore is ran=ed first ith an aerae I.3. of 1+56 *apan is third

ith 1+06 ,hina in seenth place ith 1++6 9nited :tates is ran=ed ninth ith B5 and the

Philippines is ran=ed tenty-first ith an I.3. aerain 54.

K-12 should be implemented in the Philippines because students la behind those

from other countries. The country


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In the research6 the researchers hae found that the education system of other

countries is much better than the Philippine


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Reference

Briefer on the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program. $%oember 26 2+1+'.

Retrieed May 126 2+11 from http)JJ.o.phJ2+1+J11J+2Jbriefer-on-the-

enhanced-=12-basic-education-proramJ

The Chinese Education System.$n.d'. Retrieed May 126 2+11 from

http)JJ.liu8hou.co.u=JchinaJeducationinfo.htmJ

Palma6 *.,. $2++B'. ,urriculum Deelopment :ystem.

3uismundo6 T. $2+1+6 %oember 21'. Dep#d readies plan for K-12 proram.

Philippine Daily In"uirer6 p. A11

Malipot6 I.. $2+1+6 %oember '. Dep#d


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APPENDIX A

Interie 3uestions


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Interview Questions

1. In your opinion6 is =12 a ood idea ith releance to the countries condition2. Ghy do you thin= =12 should be implemented in the Philippines

. Do you thin= that =12 ould be an effectie system for student to hae. o important is =12 in the Philippines

0. Ghy do you thin= that the oernment implemented the system4. Ghat do you thin= is the beteen the education here in the Philippines and in othercountries Ghich do you thin= is better6 the =12 in the Philippines or the education system

in other countries and hy

F. Do you thin= patternin the education here in the Philippines ith other countries ouldbe helpful

5. Do you thin= the =12 ould help better our country6 li=e the improement of othercountry


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APPENDIX B

Interie Transcript


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Interview Transcript

Interviewee:Mrs. Mandaue

Position:Teacher

Q) In your opinion6 is =12 a ood idea ith releant to the countries condition

A) ?es because there is a need to improe our education system to also improe our

economy. Improin the education system ill proide better trainin rounds for students.Q) Ghy do you thin= =12 should be implemented in the Philippines

A) uhm It should be implemented in the Philippines6 because I thin= education here is not

as ood as the other countries maybe that that

A Study Comparing the K+12 of the Philippines to

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