a SHREW

SYMBIOSIS

Two species living together in close association.

(Also called “symbiotic relationships”)

3 TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS

1. PARASITISM2. COMMENSALISM3. MUTUALISM

What happens in the relationship for the different kinds of symbiosis?

Mutualism ParasitismCommensalismboth

organisms benefit

+,+

one organism benefits

one organism

is unaffecte

d+,0

one organism benefits

one organism

is harmed

+,-

PARASITISM

A symbiotic relationship where the organism lives in or on their host and does harm to their general well being, sometimes parasites are fatal.The parasite benefits, the host does not.

Ticks

LEECHES

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

Taenia worm in human eye

Worm infects human blood

streamHuman may go

blind

Parasitic Marine IsopodsSome Marine

Isopods attach themselves to fish like ticks and suck blood from their hosts.

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

mistletoe

Rafflesia

Rafflesia sp., the world’s largest flower, lives off of tropical vines in tropical South-east Asian rainforests. It lacks leaves, roots, and shoots.

Strangler Fig

MUTUALISM

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Mutualism: both benefit

Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish

Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal

Mutualism: both benefit

Antelope with Oxbird

Antelope gets rid of

parasites Oxbird gets a meal

Pollinators and Pollinatees

Lichens

Corals & Zooxanthellae

Trichonympha protozoan (a flagellate) that lives in the termite gut.

mycorrhizal fungi extending from a plant's roots illustrate this symbiotic relationship, dramatically increasing a plant's ability to collect moisture and nutrients

COMMENSALISM

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, the other is not affected positively or negatively.

Birds nesting in a tree

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir

up insects as they

eat grassEgrets hang

around and eat insects

Neotropical Antbirds

Antbirds follow army ants as they travel across the jungle flow stirring up insects. The birds swoop down and eat the bugs that are ‘escaping’ the ants.

Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected or Mutualism: both benefit

Clown fish with anemoneClown fish gets

protection Anemone is unaffected- some argue

that the anemone does have a benefit

Epiphytes

leopard shark with a remora

Hermit Crab