A Shasta Vocabulary

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A SHASTA VOCABULARY William Bright and D. L. Olmsted Introduction Linguists who do comparative work on the non-literary languages of the world are often heard to complain against their colleagues who have done descriptive work on the same languages: "If he would only publish his vocabularies~t? The authors of the present work have been both the complainers and the complained against in this situation, and this pub- lication is intended to remove one source of irritation. The Hokan gen- etic grouping of Dixon, Kroeber, and Sapir,1 to which Shasta has been assigned, is currently the subject of renewed study,2 stimulated by the availability of new descriptive materials.3 Previous publication on Shasta has been quite scant,,4 and there is a need to bring the language more fully into the comparative picture. It is hoped that this publica- tion will contribute toward that end. The aboriginal territory of the Shasta in northern California included Scott Valley, Shasta Valley, and a stretch of the Klamath River upriver from Karok territory; a part of the Rogue River Valley in Oregon was also occupied. Shasta culture has been described by Dixon, 1907, and by Holt, 1946. The number of speakers is now reduced to about half a dozen, but still includes Sargent Sambo, the principal informant of both Dixon and Holto The Shasta words in this vocabulary come from both printed and manuscript sources. The printed sources we identif ied by the following abbreviations: HH Hale, 1846 ] P Powers I R Ross i in Powers, 1877 C Crook ] H Hazen ] B Burns, 1901 D Dixon, 1907 DM Dixon, 1910 F Farrand and Frachtenberg, 1915 G Gifford, 1922 Cu Curtis, 1924 K Kroeber, 1925 V Voegelin, 1942 Ho Holt, 1946 A number of words have been copied from manuscript materials of CO Hart Merriam, which are now in the possession of the Anthropology Department of- the University of California, Berkeley. These are mostly 1

Transcript of A Shasta Vocabulary

Page 1: A Shasta Vocabulary

A SHASTA VOCABULARY

William Bright and D. L. Olmsted

Introduction

Linguists who do comparative work on the non-literary languages ofthe world are often heard to complain against their colleagues who havedone descriptive work on the same languages: "If he would only publishhis vocabularies~t? The authors of the present work have been both thecomplainers and the complained against in this situation, and this pub-lication is intended to remove one source of irritation. The Hokan gen-etic grouping of Dixon, Kroeber, and Sapir,1 to which Shasta has beenassigned, is currently the subject of renewed study,2 stimulated by theavailability of new descriptive materials.3 Previous publication onShasta has been quite scant,,4 and there is a need to bring the languagemore fully into the comparative picture. It is hoped that this publica-tion will contribute toward that end.

The aboriginal territory of the Shasta in northern Californiaincluded Scott Valley, Shasta Valley, and a stretch of the Klamath Riverupriver from Karok territory; a part of the Rogue River Valley in Oregonwas also occupied. Shasta culture has been described by Dixon, 1907,and by Holt, 1946. The number of speakers is now reduced to about halfa dozen, but still includes Sargent Sambo, the principal informant ofboth Dixon and Holto

The Shasta words in this vocabulary come from both printed andmanuscript sources. The printed sources we identified by the followingabbreviations:

HH Hale, 1846 ]P Powers IR Ross i in Powers, 1877C Crook ]H Hazen ]B Burns, 1901D Dixon, 1907DM Dixon, 1910F Farrand and Frachtenberg, 1915G Gifford, 1922Cu Curtis, 1924K Kroeber, 1925V Voegelin, 1942Ho Holt, 1946

A number of words have been copied from manuscript materials ofCO Hart Merriam, which are now in the possession of the AnthropologyDepartment of- the University of California, Berkeley. These are mostly

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names of plants and animals, and are identified by the letter M. Thescientific names given by Merriam are also included in this work.

The original notations of all the above sources have been preserved.For an explanation of Merriam's system, see Merriam, 1955, pp. xv-xvti.

Finally, recordings made by the authors are given. Those of Olmsted,marked DLO, are in a non-phonemic notation. His principal informant wasSargent Sambo; some forms were also obtained from Mrs. Winnie Nelson.Those of Bright, marked by a single preceding diagonal, are in a tentativephonemic writing. Bright's informants are indicated after his recordings,as follows: SS = Sargent Sambo, CW a Clara Wicks, FW - Fred Wicks. Whenno initials appear, it should be understood that the ward was pronouncedin the same form by SS and CW, the two principal informants. Parenthesesaround parts of a word indicate that these sounds were pronounred by SS,who speaks a more conservative dialect, but not by CW.

The authors owe thanks for support of their work on Shasta to thefollowing sources: for Bright's field work, the Administration of theUniversity of Califomia; for Olmsted's field work, the Social ScienceResearch Council, the University of California, and the Institute ofHuman Relations, Yale University.

Notes on Shasta Phonemics

The following observations derive from Bright's field work on Shasta,and serve to explain the notation of his recordings.

The following phonemes are tentatively recognized:

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar GlottalVoiceless stops

and affricates:

Non-glottalized p t c k kwGlottalized p' t' c' k' k'w

Voiceless spirants s x h

Sonorants:Nasal m n

Non-nasal w r y

Vowels: Front Non-frontHigh ii, u u.Low e eo a a*

High pitch accent: :

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The non-glottalized stops are unaspirated before vowels. Aspirated stopsoccurring as first members of clusters are also considered allophones of thisseries: an example is the aspirated /k of /9 kwi" 'boat'.

The palatal affricates /c c' and spirant /s are articulated with retro-flexed tongue-tip; the palatal sonorant /y, however, is articulated with thesurface of the tongue.

The spirant /x is labialized after /u uo w; an example is /kuxehe-hav'chief'.

The trill /r is voiceless before silence, whether or not followed by /v;examples are /iakkir 'bow' and /kittfri 'salmon'.

The high vowels are tense when long, but lax and somewhat lower whenshort, The short vowel /a, however, is higher then long /ao, and phoneti-cally approaches [.1, Before /u u. w, /a a* both become backed and rounded,approximately to the quality of [o]. Examples are /*,w 'mouth' and /bissa&urCW 'chair'0 The vowels /e eo vary in quality between [1] and [m].

Initial clusters in the data recorded include /s followed by a stop, andthe exceptional combinations in the words /9w1. 'eye' and /c'w&Vig 'CaliforniaJay'. The only final clusters noted are /rI, as in /kittfin 'salmon', andcombinations of /w y with stops, as in /xiwkwI'acorn sp.'

The dialect of SS is more conservative than that of CW and FW in twoprincipal respects: 1) Medial /h of SS is often omitted by CW and FWN, as aresult of which vowels are brought into contact and sometimes contract. 2)The sequence /ay of SS is usually replaced by /ey in the other informants'speech.

Verb forms in Bright's data were, generally speaking, checked less thor-oughly than the noun forms. They are therefore likely to contain moremistakes, especially in vowel quality.

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NOTES

1. The Shastan grouping, including Shasta Konoaihu, New River Shasta,Okwanuchu, Achumawi and AtsUgvwi was set up by Dixon in 1905. Thiswas amplified and brought into Hokan by Dixon and Kroeber, 1913. The

2. validity of the Shastan grouping as a separate sub-group within Hokanhas been recently brought in question in a.series qf articles byOlmsted (1956, 1957, mso) who has supplied evidence to irxnicate thatAchumewi and Atsugewi form a. sub-group (called by him, in a retun tothe nomenclature of earlier.writers, Palaihnihan). Shasta is not amember of this sub-group. The evidence for the other three languagesis scanty, but in his two forthcoming papers Olmsted argues that thefragmntary Konomihu evidence indicates that it is not to be sub-grouped with either Palaihnihan or Shasta but probably has independent(and inotably conservative) status within Northern liokan. It is as yetunclear whether Konomihu is even a member of the group called, byBright, Kahi languages (equals Sapir's Northern Hokan a). What doesseem abundantly clear is that Shasta and Palaihnihqn are independentwithin .the Kahi group. Other work on the Hokan languages is listedin Bright 1955.

2. Recent publications are Bright, 1954; Olmsted, 1956 and 1957; andJacobsen, 1958.

3. Recently published are Bright, 1957, and Olmsted, 1958o. Work so farlargely unpublished is that of Olmsted on Achumawi and Tequistlatec,of William Jacobsen on Washo and Salinan, of Madison Beeler onBarbarefio Chumash, of Robert Oswalt on Pomo, and of Shirley Silveron Shasta itself.

4o Data are limited to short vocabularies in Hale, 1846, Powers, 1877,and Curtis, 1924, and scattered words elsewhere.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bright, William

1954 Some Northern Hokan relationships. University of CaliforniaPublications in Linguistics 10:63-67.

1955 A bibliography of the Hokan-Coahuiltecan languages. Inter-national Journal of American Linguistics 21:276-285.

1958 The Karok language. University of California Publicationsin Linguistics 13.

Burns, L. M.1901 Digger Indian legendso Land of Sunshine 14:130-134, 223-

226, 310-314, 397-402. Los Angeles.

Curtis, E. S.1924 The North American Indian 130105-126, 201-206, 230-234, 253-

262. Norwood, Mass.

Dixon, R. B.

1905 The Shasta-Achomawi, a new linguistic stock. AmericanAnthropologist 7:213-217.

1907 The Shasta. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 17:381-498.

1910 Shasta mythso Journal of American Folklore 23:8-37, 364-370.

Dixon, R. B., and A. L. Kroeber1913 New linguistic families in California, American Anthropolo-

gist 15:647-6550

Farrand, L., and L. J. Frachtenberg1915 Shasta and Athapascan myths from Oregono Journal of

American Folklore 28:207-223.

Gifford, E, W.

1922 Californian kinship terminologieso University of CaliforniaPublications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 18:35-37.

Hale, Horatio1846 Ethnography and philology. Vol. 6 of Charles Wilkes,

United States exploring expedition during the years 1838,18399 1840, 1841, 1842. Philadelphia.

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Holt, Catharine

1946 Shasta ethnography, University of California AnthropologicalRecords 3:299-3500

Jacobsen, William Ho, Jr.

1958 Washo and Karok: an approach to comparative Hokan. Inter-national Journal of American Linguistics 24:195-212,

Kroeber, A. L.

1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of AmericanEthnology, Bulletin 68, 279-304.

Merriam, C. Hart

1955 Studies of California Indians. University of CaliforniaPress . Berkeley.

Olmsted, D. Lo1956 Palaihnihan and Shasta I: labial stops. Language 32:73-77.1957 Palaihnihan and Shasta II: apical stops. Language 33:136-138.1958 Atsugevi phonology. International Journal of American

Linguistics 24:215-220.Mss. Palaihnihan and Shasta III: dorsal stops, and IV: apical

sonorantso To appear in Language.

Powers, Stephen1877 Tribes of California. Contributions to North American

Ethnology 3. Government Printing Office. Washington.Sap ir, Edward

1917 The position of Yana in the Hokan stock. University ofCalifornia Publications in American Archaeology andEthnology 13:1-34.

1925 The Hokan affinity of Subtiaba in Nicaragua. AmericanAnthropologist 27:402-435, 491-527,

Voegelin, E. W.

1942 Northeast California. University of California Anthropologi-cal Records 7047-251,

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A

Achillea millefolium, var. lanulosa. e'- dah-hah'-cha-kah M, IrahitragaHo3OWt, /9 iraxaocaka. SS

acorn (general). cuekwIr DLO, /ctu.kir (same as 'acorn soup')

acorn, black oak. ah-cho-ah'-nah, ahtcho-ah'-nah, hatch-an'-nah,ha-chan'*-nah M; /Ia'*c'anna SS, h4&c'anma ('tan oak acorn') (W

acorn, ripe. /xfwktw ('black oak acorn') C'

acorn, white oak. choo'-kwid-di'k-nuk, choo-kah-dik-nuk M; /ctu-kWiriknak(literally 'big acorn')

acorn flour. /-4lpta

acorn soup. /clu-kir (same as 'acorn')

affection. un-ne-ne H

afraid, he's. /klaxivisni.k FW

again. 'ch-imi Ho341 (also means 'more')

alder (Alnus sp.) ta-chi'-ro, tah-che'-roo 1; /ta-c'ir&i SS

alive.. kai-em-moo H, ma-did'-ka C

all. hwu-wo-ho C, wee-wah-a-hoo H., /Ai-wawaw CW

ankle. /wahh& SS., /wanxxw CW

ant. cheep'-shi-te, cheep'-seet' M; /c' i psi-t

ant, wood. /'aorawakka

antelope (Antilocapra sp.) e'-yi-wit, e'-yu-hit, e'-yEi-whit, e'-yu-hith M;/I" yu.(h)ir

apple(s). /9a.pues

apple, thorn (Crastaegus rivulatis). ip-sits-ah-ve-ho, ip-sits'-av'-ve-ho M

arm, a'chut C, hurt-ser H. um-chah'tr R, &cor DLO, /-4-car

armor, elkhide. it~fta Ho133, I" itaorx SS

arrow. a'-chet P, a-kuil C, ah-kith R., och-kil H, /A akkir

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arrowhead. atsirai HU -Oknife/, accfrey

arrowood (berries). ipsyana DLO

ash (Fraxinus oregona). hok-we-he' M

ashes. See 'dust'.

aunt, deceased. gegazbaxi G37 (father's sister), gegenoti G37 (father'ssister).

aunt, maternal. anidi G35, 36; anit Ho343, /' nnit SS, vocative/'annit4; /mAnni SS 'my au-nt', voc. /aannrdna. SS. The form/hannitionae was cited by SS as being used by the Shastabelow Hamburg.

aunt, paternal. ambaki G35, 36; ampa Ho343; /9'mpax, voc. /9ampaxa na SS.

autumn. See 'fall'.

away. A uwfi SS

axe. aniakidi HH, hun-hi-it C, kah-in-irruk R, on-nich-it H, /9aniFir

B

baby. ye-a-hoo-ai-yat H 'infant'; o-ma' C 'infant', one G35, umi Ho343,eum-kaik B397, /bume,.'; plural /4umeoxepr, also /iume.ya.r CW

baby-board. i°ttl pay DLO 'baby basket', /9iccopayr

back (of body). ti6xu DLO, /totixu

back, small of the. /Dikwipxxaraniok ('hip' CM)

bad. kud-eh-kwoit-soo H, kot-ti-kwich-i C, /k'arikwjccig, SS.,/kIarukwicciq CW

badger (Taxidea sp.) tar'-rah-ki-het' M

badger's sound. til-tfil-ttl DM9

barberry (Berberis sp.) an -ne-hahs'-to-dah M

bark, cedar. /kVisl- SS

bark, fir. /c teo eorar SS, /cIte*rar CM

bark, pine. un-nuch H 'bark', /"anmnr

bark, white oak. hekh-hi C 'bark', /ha*hFq SS, /qa-hUq CW

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basket, burden. xaono DLO, /xxa°naw

basket, clothes, /tui-rus

basket, cooking, /cussuru6niE)

basket, eating. /qihin&)ima- SS, /? i ne imao CW

basket, large flat0 /taxrfori" CW

basket, hopper (for pounding acorns). /9 ikmw

basket, plateo gittit DLO 'colander basket', /sittir

basket, soup. yappuk DLO 'regular basket', /yappukw

bat. te'-de-it' skik, tid-ditch-kik, te-rech-kik M; /tiri'ckik CW.,/unutirf-ckik SS (said to be Rogue River dialect)

bathing, he's. /kWiopuk CW

be: is going to be. strutsdjei Ho342where is he? /kuraoxaw keora, FWhe's over here. /"mimixaw keera" WVhe's over there. /'lnnaxaw ke'r& FWhets not here. / 'atturw! ? am FWhe's not over there. /mia.inaxa t&, FW

beads, dentalium. /kta-kwitik

beads, disk. /k'apakni CW

beads, diamond-shaped. kiratwqik DLO 'Indian money', /kiracakkik -SS

beads, glass-like. /xaont&' SS

beads, long red. aottr' DLO, /si°rak 9a*tuk ivi* SS (lit.'crawfish-eye')

bear (Ursus americanus). '-hah, Eh-hah, a'-hah M; hankidui N,e BaDLO, /,>Soxao

beardO o-ho-cho-chuk H, oh-cho-choh R, au-hwi-chu-chuk C

beat: he beat him. /k'umari k CW

beautiful cut-a-sook B312 (cf. /k'arisgp 'good')

beaver (Castor sp.) tah-wi, tah-wa' M, sah-pow'-wus M, sa-ni C,tah-vu-ry H., taiwe DLO, /ta°wiy'?

bed. A,4icmaselhur SS, /'5icmas~ouruk CJ

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belly0 /A icnit

belt0 /Aatakfcnirbend: he bent it. /sa'purik FW

berdache. gituk'uwahi Ho317, /kituk'uwa-xio) SS

berry (general).. /nuoctexi (also means 'blackberry')

berry sp. /"u*xxihiohu"5 SS, /'i*xxiotur CW. Probably the name of theplant, rather than the fruit, since the element /-hi~hu' 'bush,tree' is present. The plant is said to be similar to thepoison oak.

big. See 'large'.

'big house'0 uk'kwamma V181, okwaulmma Ho306, /iukW'atmmna SS.Information on this structure is given by Holt, loc. cit.

bighorn sheep0 wah-he'-rah, wah-he-ro M

bird. chop-ha C, chit'-chah S, L i&?ax DLO, /c'lc'aox

bird, a long-legged species of A/tuoruk SS

birds, species of. kale'tsa DM23, kGi'kwax D471, tsl'di DM 32

bite: he bit it. /kIxawi*k FNhe bit me. /kAivik'a" (;

black. as-ho C, epxor DLO, /eepx& (also translated 'dark');ep-ho-kwe-ret-tie H., ap-o-tel-lu'-chi P, ekkhotirukhe HH,/h e opxu taraxi'

blackberry. /nu-ctexi (also a general term for 'berry')

blackberry vine (Rubus vitifolius). n6't-sti-a-hi-ho M,/nuoctxihIohu-hu SS, /nu~ctexieu' CV

blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus). tah'-kwi-chats M; tah'-ke,tuk'-ke M, /cfik' i9

blackbird, red-winged (Agelaius sp.). taruk DM30 'a bird's name',tararfikh Hi 'bird', /taraxfirao (derived from /taraxxa'woodpecker scalp')

blackcaps (a kind of berry). /nuotimi SS, /nuidtuxni CV

Black Mountain. mah6°rik DLO

blanket. /cuppaxio

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blood. ok -ta H, akh-ta C. ine HH, /" 5xta

blowing, he's. /kWipxuXlma FW

blue, light. ich-iu-putch-ie H, jetch-o-lu-di-was-so C

bluebird (Sialia sp.). kom'*-kwah-tV'-kit M

bluejay. chahs-koi, chahs-kwi M; Ea.ski4 DLO, /ctaeskWOy.,bluejay (California Jay, Aphelocoma spo). chi 'ne, choi'-ne,

chwi ' XM; /cw&weI ji

board. /cumrnIur

boat. ik-wi C 'canoe', ik-kui R 'canoe', ich-why H 'canoe', /4kwi'i

bobcat (Lynx fasciatus). itcho-wi, its'o-wi M; icwe DLO, /.,'cwey

boil: (water) is boiling. /kwltte-purpururukhe's boiling it. /kwite.ypurpurayruk NW

body, itsh-rit R., ar-rot'-sah H., hish C (cf. /Ais 'person')

bone. o-to-duk C, oek H, /'a&k

bow. kow H, howh R, chau P., hon-o C, /xMiw SS, /xat? C

boy. na-hon-a-he'-a R, lu-quoi'h-ya H. chu'ka P, su'kwa Ho343,/su'kw' a

boy, little. sui'kwahia Ho343, /s kw'axi*x CW

boys. ,/eowarfior

bread. /sapiri (from Chinook Jargon sapolil)

break: it broke. /kwtanukitimpao. CWhe broke it. /kwa&tuinpa, NW

breakfast. /keom& ir CW

breakfast, come eatl /ke-mf iruk ke-mf ir N

breast, woman's. /^imp'

breathing, he's. /kWeosurik FW

bride (until first visit home). wapsahbs Ho343

bring itl /kattiruk SS

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brother. apo G35 (also male parallel cousin), ep-put-u-ee H;kal'-li-wa P, kadiwa G35 'man's brothert', kariwa Ho343,/ktariw& , voc. /k'ariwaona. SS

brother, elder. ahuhi Ho343, /ba(h)u-(h)!, vocative /hahudna- SS

brother, elder, dead. kwakiweti G37

brother, woman's. kwako G35, ko-wgk-ki-o C 'brother', kwoku Ho343,'man's sister' /kWak'yu SS, /kwaoku CX

brother, younger. See 'sibling, younger'

brother, younger, dead. kwakiwethaiya G37

brother-in-law. kusewahatu G36 'woman's sister's husband, husband'sbrother's wife'; iyaki G36 'man's brother-in-law'; giraik Ho3h3'wife's brother, sister's husband', /ktrawik SS

brush (bushes). /c'Irurur

brushy place. /c'ururaoki SS

buck. ah-rok-nuk, W-rok-nuk M (cf. /h arav? 'deer', /-knak 'targe')

buckeye (Hippocastanum californicum). ho'-ro' M

buckskin. /tlukkuruoiniP SS, /fit'ukkundiniq CW

buffalo. hwo C, kwun-neh'-ne-ho H.

bumblebee. /makm&, C(

burn: is burning. /kimpik CW, FW(house) burned down. /kw'&oxicikk

burnt (as a modifier). /kecca Ca

burr: heburied it. -/t'ytwJ-ik C!

butterfly. too-ho-roo'-ro, too-ho-roo '-rah, toch-ho-roo'-ro,toch-ho-roo'-rah M; /tuxxurdiru

buy: he bought it. /t'uiwaoyik C), /k6owa.yk NW

buzzard (Cathartes sp.). hi'-nah-koo'-nah, hen'-ne-koo'-nah,;in'-nah-kooo-nah M; anakuna D454 'hawk sp.', fnatkuna DLO,/'inakusna., with variants /ilnukuonao SS, /;lnikuona. CW

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C

call, hunter's (as he runs after a deer). p69 Ho310

Callahan (a place name). wikwikwaiaga Ho3Ol 'upper end of ScottValley', /wikWikWaya.ka SS

Callahan, people of. /wik~ik~ayake&cw SS

calls, various. aa-ree, a-i-reel B401; tsdl tsel tsel B225;quee-um-ty B311; yea soo B310; kee-ocki B225; ztl B313;an-~an-°an DM27; wu-wu-wu DM13.

can. mah P

cannot. a-met mah P

cap, basket. /hi.c'ikcaptive. capsutai Ho313, /keopsti' aoqik SS

captive, he takes (a boy or girl). /kWeepstr a.o ik

carry: he's carrying. /ricuka.° CWI carried, I'm carrying (water). /straktv FI'm packing it on my back. /sfikakav FN

cascara (Rhamnus purshiana). ah'-tse-to'-rA-ho, at-shet'-to-ro-ho M

cat. kitipiisi DLO, /kiripussi, also /kirupussi CW

catfish. o-te'-o'k-mutp M

cattle. kwaykaxti DLO (literally, "bawling"). See also 'cow'.

cedar (Librocedrus decurrens). nah-ho' M, /nahthb SS; in'-nah-hah'-ho M,!nehaht DLO, /vinaxa~xwr, also /7 lnaxaoxw SS

celery, wild (Leptotaenia dissecta). 'ik'-nish M, iknish Ho34O,ikn D§ DL0v /-)/'knios

ceremony in which novice became a shaman. kikapaznma Cu

chair. /qissfi*(h)ur, also /' iss&iuruk CW

cherry. /uor

cherry tree (Cerasus demissa). o'-ro-ho, oo0-do-ho, oo'-roo-hoo M;/o ubrud(h). w

chest (of body),. /9 1cwat

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chewing, he's. /kaww ik CW

chickadee, mountain (Parus gambeli). chik'-kah-de'-de M

chief. ko-wa-ha-he C, ko-ko-heh-rtich H, /kuxehehWh SS., /keux&a7 CW

child. omnaxia Ho343 (cf. /oumeo 'baby', /-xiox 'small')

child following death of one of speaker's children. acobnpsi G36

child, dead. gastam bix G37

children. ye-ha-het C 'boy', yaxaxe G35 'child', yuhar Ho343 'child';yAihuhiad Ho343, /yaxaxeer

children, two. /xkikkWa xe'r SS

Chinese woman. /cani9a'rapxa° SS

chipmunk (Eutamias sp.). koo'-pish, ko'-pis M; /kliopis

choked, he got. /kW0ltiokaik CW

chopped it, he. /kWanniti k CG, FN

Chrysothamnus occidentalis. mah-hah'-me M

civet, ring-tailed (Bassariscus sp.) tV'-we-te-kik'-nr, ki'-w&-te-kik'-nI,t9-we-tik'-ke-ken, kwI-ri-vah M

Clematis lasiantha. gwatagatupukiras Ho340, /k'Wa.tak ' tu pu.kirac SS(literally, "coyote's rope")

climbing (a mountain), he'so /re.yavwa.ka Ci

climbing (a tree or ladder), he's. /r~ctikwaya,9 CW

close: close the doorl /k'6wk a°° Ci(he closed the dooro /kI'Pwkva-`.ik . FW

clubbed it, he. /kWinnipusuk FW

co-parent-in-law. ikiwaba G36 'child's parent-in-law'

co-wife. kusewahtu G36

co-wife, earlier. amakwai G36

co-wife, later. wusewaiki G36

coal (ember). /xdkw (also means 'charcoal')

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cold (adj.).>is-sik H, isikito HH, ish-ik-ki'-da C, /'7issik'cold (respiratory infection). /marit'uos

colt. /clrik (also means 'calf')

come, too kut-tuk H, ka-tuk Che's coming. /ratakak CW(you-all) come again! lc'f.mioka ne."akCecome around again' /c'iomi7ka st'atekkee CW, /c't.mi?

stratekkir SScome hrel /katak "aid CW(a man) came here. /klwiyika. FNhe's coming down the mountain. /rattevekak CWhe came over here. /iamixW~kWakeika NWthe sun's coming up. /c'Uiwar k(dccicik FWhe came up(hill).o'i -/reoyaowaoka NW

condor, California (Gymnogyps sp.). he'-sahch, hap'-pup-pah M

cook, a. /kiruockwe Cb

covking, be's. /kOirucckweyk CW, FW

cormorant (Phalacrocorax Sp.). ah'-kaht-klts'-ko, kah-kah M

Cottage Grove (a place in Karok territory). /hiruwas CW (Karok 'iruhas)

cottonwood tree (Populus trichocarpa). ah'-roo', ah'-ro M; ari' Ho341,Aa6r SS, ,ar6v' CW

coughing, he's. /k lrutummuk Ca, F

counted them, I. /saomukWayk FW

cousin. apo G35 'male parallel cousin' (also 'brother'), atcu G35'older female parallel cousin' (aiso 'older sister'),atcugwi G35 'younger female parallel cousin (also 'youngersister'); ustci G35 'male cross-cousin, man's female cross-cousin'; aswi G35 'womam's female cross-cousin'

cousin, dead, gegeustci G37 'dead father's sister's son', gegeaswi 037'dead father's sister's daughter'

cow. musmus DLO, /miosmuos (from Chinook Jargon moosmoos)

coyote. kwah'-tuk, kwah'-tahk M; kwa'-tuk P 'wolf', quatuk B130,kwfi&tek DLO, /ktwa.tak

coyote, cry of the. was-a-hoo B132.

coyote, home of (in north). ites B132

Page 16: A Shasta Vocabulary

crane. See Theron'.

crawling, he's. /re.yakar CW

crayf ish. se '-duk se'-ruk M; s iraq DLO, /s f rak'

creek. a-wat-chi C 'valley', /laowac'ay('7)

creek, toward a. /buc'axa CW

creek, up the.O a-wakc'aybkaohtr SS

cricket, ihow' M

cross: he's crossing in a boat. /rak'ekaw CWhe crossed the creek. /kWakeeOama 9aLwac'acy

crow (Corvus americanus). ah'-hah, ah'-ah-ah, ah'ch-ah, ahrheloch-ah M;ah-hah-kah H 'bird, axaxa DLO, /9&(hax~ I -

crying, hels. /kWayi-k FW

currant (Ribes sanguinea). mah'-kah-roo'-roo M; ti'okurdru Ho34o,/mik ' uru.ro

currant, red. /matkir!.ri9 SS

cut: he cut himself accidentally. /kWtOrasewiaekWaoyk CW

D

dance, to. kos-ta-hem'bik C, toos-teh-heh Hhe's dancing. /kd°steompik CW

dance, circle. k'aphek V206, kse'pxig D1460 'type of dance'

dance, white deerskin. kuwarik V174

dance, types of. kulstirima D460, kfrukdh1i1ruk 'dance ceremony' Cu("go sidewise back and forward'"), kust4hmpik-uqaknmatuk Cu("dance-sudatory-at")

dark. See 'black'.

dark of the moon. cho-who-ruk H 'darkness', it s'chop-ho-duk C'darkness', djapurtk Ho343, /c'aepxrak

daughter. up-pa-yurk H, aiyaki G35, yu-po ai-ya-ke C (cf. /yapu?'my')., /-?a-yfikil)

daughter following death of one of parents or of one of speaker'schildren. aiyakupsi G360

16

Page 17: A Shasta Vocabulary

daughter-in-law. awawi Ho343, awawit G36 (same as 'mother-in-law'),P/1 awaeVil SS

dawn. gtitauk Ho342 'just between light and dark, but beginning of light'',/k a~otayu. k SS

day. uk-chai H., at-chi C, atche Ho342, /9accary

daylight, about. /kasseyhfi SS

dead. ki-diko P. kwid'o--kit H, na-ma-ti-di-kik C, ki-dik P 'death',/k inrk'

dead tree. /',ucce°sasir

deep. /h9ppaydeep hole in the ground. /4ukwaxaopsfr w

deep place in the water. /9 Appaypsir CW

deer (Odocoileus columbianus). ah'-row', ar'-r6-!ar'-row'; ah-dow',ah-do'5! M; ari-r~w H,-a-'dau C,-aroin6i Ho337, er~w DLO,/?araw7

deer, mule (Odocoileus hemionus group). te-he'-nah M

deerhide. /9arfwwi-hi SS,, 9arr'wi. CW

deerhide, dried and scraped. /9 ikWnnio

deerlick. /tixwa., also /bataxwa.o C

devil. iis-weh P, /qusw'eOe°

die: he died. /kwlrikik CW, FW; /-?At'u.k'iok CW

dig: I'm digging. /s~smanik F whe's digging. /kwlcmwik CW, k mcanik FW

dinner (noon meal). /ktac*yeeruk Ci

dirt. See 'earth'.

dirty. /t'arakirao CW

dived in, he. /kiisnipsiruk FN

do: what shall I do with it? /kurao sa.keot'lu.te4, C (alsotranslated 'how am I going to go?')

doctor, herb. /kdclukw

17

Page 18: A Shasta Vocabulary

doctor, suckingo /kiclukWe(h)e.rax

doctor, a type of i/oriri w&w SS

doctoring, he's. /kWi-nte keod SS

doeo ke-showo-koo, kis-sah'-ko M

dog. up-shoh R. ap-soo H, hapso HH, gs-sho C, ap'-suk P, &psyu DLO,/9 fipsu

dog salmon. ibmine DLO 'salmon', /9icmuMa

dogtrot. afiahyaC Cu

dogwood (Cornus glabrata) o ip-se'-rah-ho-ho' M

dogwood berries. ip-soo'-nah M

done (of food). /k'&ik'i9 (also means tripe')

door. /? ,owkWao (h) ik

door of an Indian houseo baowkwahfi SS

dove (Zenaidura sp.)o mah-pook'-hi, mah-p~o'-kWr, mah-po'k-ui, b-p6o' k-wi M;/map kxay

downriver. wiruwhi Ho301 'down the Klamath River'; /9u--ru.tu-.

downriver people. /9u-ruotui-cu'

dragonflyo e-we '-we kootch-koor, hF'-wE-we-kwits-kut M

dreaming, he's. /kWioyayk CW, FW

dresso /hay, also /qituk'wukwa-ke. CW

drink, to. kwitsch-ie H, ti-chih P, tikh-shi C, kiotsi DLOI'm drinking. /sicik CW1are you drinking? /tichkya CY (said also to mean 'did you drink?'

or 'is he drinking?')he's drinking. /k icik CW, FWwe drink. /yfccwV CWyou-all drinko Z/maokwo sticc&? CYthey drinko /k iceek'e mi.?l CY

dropped into something. gutsdJei Ho342

drowned, he. /kwicaorakiok FW

drum. hanitomtomil V203, /9?anitamt&ir ir CW, 9anituntumur SS

18

Page 19: A Shasta Vocabulary

drumming, he's0 /kWPnitamtanrvi-k CW

duck0 kah'"sah M, kas-sah H, ik-ka-sha C, cassa DLO, /k'asa

dusk. ditchuiwa Ho342 'Just before sunset, getting close to sunset'

dust. /mf(h)awa. (also means 'ashes')

E

eagle, bald (Haliaeetus sp.)o yow'-kwah M

eagle, golden (Aquila sp.). o-sep'-ho M 'immature bald eagle';ah-choo'-pah, ah-cho'-pah M; adtipxa DLO, /'acuipxa.

eagle spp. /kuwI-t'irn SS, /kawa ha SS (or may be same species)

ear0 ish-ok H, ish-ahk R, ish-shok C, is'sok P, isak HH; iak DLO,/9 isaok

earth. jae-duich H. sha-duk C, ta'-rak P, tarak HH, /t'arak (alsomeans 'dirt, ground, land')

east. iit'-sits P, g~tauk hituhu' Ho343

eat, to. kech-kiik C, kwitsh-kook H, tets'-kuk P, /kfcku CWIvm eating. /ya,.awe sIckuOk' CWhe's eating. /kwIckukw W, FW

eatable, something. / IckukW Ci

eel. koop-par, kooo-per, ko'-per M; /kidOpar

egg. s'chaum-pi-tet'-it C, shum-pet-eh-tit H., /sumplt'i rir

eight. huts-que-at-a hah R, s'cho-a-te'-ha C, kots-ki-kok-eh-heh-hoi H.,hataikini HH, hachki wat.hat Ho341, /xackiwate-(h)a"

eighteen. /ieccahe-vi tuk xackiwateohawkeheh&? SS

eighty. Irahaiahis Ho341, /9iraha-yaohios SS

eight hundred. hachkwatiruk 6chihis Ho341

elder berries, sah-po -wer, sah-pow'o-wer M; /saopawar

elder bush (Sambucus sp.)O sah-po'-ho, sah-po' M; /saopu.(h)ii

eleven. eh-cha-he-wa-cha-a-ke-a-he C. etch-e-heh-ye-cham-a H.,kchah~wi tuk chta gahtha Ho341, /9eccahe'wi tuk c&.'-a? kehehc SS

19

Page 20: A Shasta Vocabulary

elk (Cervus sp.), ha-tah'ohak, hah'-tah-okah, hut'-tuk-kah, ah'-tuk-kah M;ut-tuk H., he-te-ke C, a~tkke DLO, / atIakka

empty. /,>a~t uwey CW

enough, that's. /kas mi°ti'c CW

Equisetum (a plant, the horsetail). itsuwaid Ho341, /'?I°cuxaoyr SS

Eriogonum sp. (a plant). ira'tuqwa Ho341, /9lratukkur SS

evening. e-duk-a C, kus-ar-ruk-ka H, /A orak'

exclamations. hi-hi-hiaia DM8, hr-hn-hnA DM21, st! DM18

expect- it has not come yet but is expected at any time. d1hiuk Ho342

eye. ooi R. o-wee H, owi C, u'-ih P. uiwi DLO, /qwI.

F

face0 ovi R. au-i C (cf. /vwio 'eye'); o-noo-to-tie H, un-nip'-so-kuk P

fall- you might fall0 /stlawkW tta,? CWhe fell down. /tawkwatiomW CW

&he fell off. /kfis kuccasi-k FW

fall (autumn)0 wek-kwo-ho C, wah-kwi-o"-teh-hah H., 'kwuIhai Ho342,/wakW I a(h)ay

fall is here, nowo gOis wu'kwfhai gwihiftk, gtis wi'kwfihai gwlki Ho342

far. /EukW2x

fat (adj,), /klimnnr

fat (noun)o See 'greasev'.

father. nutsh-yu H; at-ta'-ta C, a-ta-ta P; ata, (in reference)ati G35; ata Ho343; /w&ati9, vocative /wa-tlonao ; alsol attgo SS9 voo O battionao SS

father, dead. xekohama G37

father following death of a child. (reference) atipsi, (address)atadopsi (G36

father-in.law. wepsit G36, w~psld Ho3433, /we6pslr SS (also means9son-in.law')

fawno choo9-pah cho"-pah NM /cuppax

20

Page 21: A Shasta Vocabulary

feather. up-pah H., up-pa' C, /'?appW

feathers, decorated. makus D439

feathers of eagle's wing, longest0 /9uocdrw' SS

feathering arrows, he's0 /9akkir kWt0wahawk SS

fence0 /9-rastik

fever bush (Garrya sp.). chah'-hoo M

few. /twfimmu CW

fifteeno et-chik-e-ha R, Ichahlwi 'chfmi Kcha'g".hffha Ho341,/'eccaheowi tuk ie-cap kehehet SS

fifty. huik'wahis 'chtmi Ichahtwi Ho3141

fight, to0 cha-mu-su, mu-kai-su Pthey're fighting. /k~marimpao9 CW

finch, purple (Carpodacus sp.). chi'-sah-s6, chow-rik M (alsotranslated as 'linnet')

find: he found it. /kas k~ikmiak FW

finished, they're. /kw' riru°ma CW

fingers. A-hA-shik C, akhusik HH

fir, black. araph&§ DLO, /9a-raopxt'7

fir, black, young. wats-we M 'Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga sp.t,wachw! Ho34O, watsytd. 'little fir' DLO, /wacwb'

fir, white. choo-woo' M 'Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga sp.', /c'u hish6v SS,/c'uvwuotr" CW

fire. im-mah R. im-ma C, immah H, im'-mah Sp, im& HH; ima", imma DLO;/9 imma

Fire Spindle's name. h6o-dau-ho'dau-ho'dau DM8

fish. kwai-ti-din-ni C

fisher (an animal)0 x&ijiwa DLO; /mitxiowa SS

fishing with a net, I'm. /se'rac'i~k NWhe's fishing with a net. /kw'racti-k CWI'm fishing with a line. /saoma~yik FWhe's fishing with a lineo /kwaemaoyik CWhe went f ishing. /kw'tiaytakw Of

21

Page 22: A Shasta Vocabulary

fishline. /" rame9a#ir

fishnet. /"e'orac9ir

fish-hawk (Pandion sp.). cho'-choo, choo'-choo M

fish-spear. /"arawfccu Ss, /"uiccusur

fish-spear, shaft of o /.-iosaxay

five. ak-chuch H, et-cha C, et-chah R. etsha HHi, lcha' Ho341, /"eec&v

five hundred. achiruik achfihis Ho341

fleao g'-ki, e'o-I, he'-ki M; /'dk'ay

flicker (Colaptes spo). chok, tsook', tsoo'-koo M; 6u-q DLO, /c'(uik(usually called 9yellowhammer )

flint. /qaokWey, (also means 'bullet')

float: it's floating. /reonukWao, CWit floated away. /tinnuma, CW

flooding, water is. /kWepariok CW

flouro /Aatappa

flower. /c'lwaocni"

flower, a small, white, starlike.. yii'mte D486

flower, a brilliant red. kumpi'sna D486

flowing down, water is. /'acca rannlakak

fly (insect)o ip-she-wa C, up-seh-whai H; ip -shl-whah, ip-si'-ah-hwah M;I" ipseoxwao

fly, to. wo'-ho Pitvs flyingo /.ohuka.o C, N

fogo /q ceakusuowwV CW

foggy, it's gettingo /kwictukussuowaompik C

followed him, he. /kas kwattuwima N

foot. uk-guush R. uk-kwrus H, ak-kaush C, &kkus DLO 'feet', /4fk'us

foot-log. /7arfohama CW,/ ate~hama CW,/Jarihfiforehead, wi-yak C, o-wee-yak H, oo-nahk' R

22

Page 23: A Shasta Vocabulary

forest fire. /kwgxik

foreshaft of an arrow. /'>it&'eyik SS

forget: I forgot it. /siyaxa.tuma NWyou forgot. /teoxaot'uma CWhe forgot it. /kWiyaxa1tuma NFI

fork. / icuttIukWiruma CW

forty. huk'wahis Ho341, /xikkWahi-s SS,/xdkltWeils CW

forty-one. huk'wahis 'chimi 'chla Ho341

four. it-ai-hai-uch H, id-da-hai-ya C, id-a-haya, R, irahala HH,irahala H0o341, /9ira(h)aoya

fourteen. ida-haya'-ka-ha R, /Aeccaheowi tuk ' lraha-ya keheh& SS

four hundred. Irahala aiirok kchfihis Ho341, /9fraha-ya 9irl9e-cihi.s SS

fox, grey (Urocyon sp.). koo-nuk'-se, koo-nup'-she, ko-nup'-se M;kl*napsi DLO

fox, red (Vulpes fulvus group). kwah-rV-w~ch, kwi-rV'-wah M;kwartwex DLO, /kWa re wax

freezing, it's. /riy aaka FN

friend. you-mee-see H; ka-di-sha C (cf. /k'arisn' 'good')

Fritillaria recurva (a plant). chwahi' Ho308, /cf~wa~hwr SS

frog. yu '-rat, yuo-rot M; yoi~r-t DLO, /yuorfr. M also givesyu'-rot-hi-ah; cf. /-xi.x 'small'.

frog, song ofo qua-qua qua-qua! B313

full. /k6Lpakna CW

full moon: now is going to be a full moon. gas dadtindtin Ho342now is full moon. guis gwidtindtin Ho342

gall. /"&ixxir

gambling, he's. /kwehettapik CW

game, men's gambling. kiotapig D441, kAhttapik Cu 'hand-game'

game, women's guessing. kI'ig D443, ku ik Cu 'women's hand-game'

23

Page 24: A Shasta Vocabulary

ghost. /k'aya(h)unfk

girl. ki-ye-he C, ke-ah-ho-i-ee-ya H. kwi'-chekh P, giaxa Ho343,/kiyax&

girl, adolescent0 waphi K299, wa'pxi D460, wapxe Ho343. Cf. alsowapaxo Ho343 la girl from 8 or 9 till puberty'

girl, little. giaxa'hla Ho343 (cf. /-xi.x 'little')

girl, unmarried. gimpisu6'kwa Ho343 ('from about 15 until marriage')

girls. /yaccapxa° SS, /haccapxa. C

give: I give. /kWawfo SS whe gave (something large) away. /k icu-ti-k CWhe gave it to me. ' 1/kAi;wika. FW

give birth: she gave birth. JkWiya sitima N1

go, to. dut-ti-ma C, mak-as-ko-he-ak Hgoing. ruyaga Ho342you goS /katt' SSI'm going. 7 :/tattk' SS, , './satti-ma CWwhere are you going? /kura. tatl.mahe's going. , .. /tatan CWhe went. /k'lttima ,NWlots of us are going. /iukWarikka ye*?.ka? FWhe went across (a field). 7. ;a/k'a-utereo'ama FWgoes ahead (a name). usuwi Cuhe went around, .jkwakiowakima FVthe sun's going down. /c'uiwar kuccipsiruk NWhe went down(hill). ;/kwatt~vema NWhe's going downstream in ,boat. /rakxehe.waka CWhe went outdoors. ' 1k icawakampi FWhe went over there. /4{nnaxa kwakeeoama FWhe's going upriver. /kwattikwaya.ka SS, /kwiruhi.kwa&yaka SShe's going upstream in a boato /rak'ekwayaoka CW

good. ka-di-sa C, kud-is-sutch H. /k'aris&

goose. kahrah-rah' N, karar'x DLO, /kararax

gooseberry. ko'-kwah M, /kt6oxa.

gooseberry bush (Ribes sp.). ko-whi'-e-ho MN /k6-xa.(h)i.(h)u"

gopher (Thomomys sp.)o har'-rah-sah M, haragsa DLO, /xa6rassa

grabbed it, I. /s1ccaOmpik N

24

Page 25: A Shasta Vocabulary

grandfather, materkal. akwit wG35, akwid Ho343, IO kkWit, also/4akkwiti CM, /makk it CW; vocative /'7akkwiti-na.. Alsomeans 'man's daughter's child' .

grandfather, paternal. atsmo G35, &tsmu Ho343, /&cmu, alsocmu CWM vocative /iacmai-na9 SS. Also means 'man's

sonts child'.

grandmother, maternal. atcidi G35, archwit Ho343, /4cwit SS,haccit CM, /accit! CW, /miccit CW; voc. /iacwitlena..Also means 'woman's daughter's child'.

grandmother, paternal. amo G35,$mu Ho343, /himmu, also mammu CM;voc. /anammu-nao. Also means 'woman's son's child'.

grandfather, dead maternal. gegeakwit G37

grandfather, dead paternal. gegeatsmo G37

grandmother, dead maternal. gegeatcidi G37

grandmother, dead paternal. gegeamo G37

grape. /wanta.x SS, /manta.x CW

grape, Oregon. papias Ho340, /papdii as, also /"annioxistira SS

grapevine, wild (Vitis californica). wiin-dah'-hi-o, wahn-tah'-hi-ho' M(cf. /wanta&x 'grape', /-hiohtx 'tree, bush')

grass. hicumpaxiF CM (also translated as 'green'), /"ericmpwaxci SS;see alsQ 'hay'.

grass sp. (used to make rope). /hissaximmi SS (but once identified asa type of bush)

grass sp. (used for hats). /if.war SS, /9-warhi-huw SS

grass sp. (with edible seeds). ho-wah'-it M

grasshopper. cho'-pe-rah'-nah, cho'-par-an'-nah M; /c'uppirasna

grease. /.%I.nnvgreat-aunt. amaki G35

great-uncle. kuya G35

great-grandmother. tcidi G35

grebe (Colymhis or Podilymbus sp.). chah'-tah M

green, light. it-chom-ba-hi C (see 'grass'), kwat-seh-kwut-ie H

25

Page 26: A Shasta Vocabulary

grind: he ground it. /kW&nxuxuo. FW

grinding slab. /qa-tfw SS, /hatu.9q CW

grizzly bear (Ursus horribilis). aht'-shi, ahto-sa, aht'-sha-ha,aht'-cha-hi M; ut-sheh' R. ut-she C, at-soo H, at'-chep P,atsy DLO, /"accey

grosbeak, black-headed (Zamelodia sp.). choo-we'-po-ah, koo'-}kwah M

grouse, blue (Dendragapus sp.). 6'-kwuk, okk'-whahk, o'k'-wuk M;/i ukwak'

grouse, ruffled (Bonasa sp.). pes-pe'sh, pe'sh-pesh M

grow: growing. riyahu Ho342it's growing. /rumx.ca.9 FW

gulch. wasudi Ho301

gun. /'iimav akktr CW (literally, "fire-arrow")

guts. I.pxay DLO, /-?i.px~ay

H

hail. you-uch, oo-uch H; kau-nit-shi C

hair. itt-chik R; in-nauh R 'head', in-na C, e-nugh H, in'-nah P,inakh HH, i-nex DLO, /1.nnax

hair sticks up straight (a name). ioraxagi'skisir D456

half. isiditc Ho341 'up to the middle, one-half', /hiss!. tic SS 'halfof it' (cf. /biss- 'middle')

Hamburg (a place name). /ioyka. CWJ, /9ahawey CW (said to mean 'downin the hole')

hand. up-khah R., up-ka H., up-ka C, ap'kah P., apka HH, apka DLO,/9 apka

handsome. kun-eh-deh-nio H

hat. /wapixnukkur SS, /qaopuxrukkWir CW

have, to. id'-i-su-eh PI have two children. /ya.'ao xukk a yaxxaxe~r FWdoes he have any children? /yaxxaxe.r 9inna?' kIea tak FWhe has two babies. /xdikkwa 9ume.o ke;. FWhe doesn't have any babies. /hittukw, oumeo kea FW

26

Page 27: A Shasta Vocabulary

hawk, Cooper (Accipiter cooperi). ik'-kik M

hawk, red-tailed (Buteo borealis). e-t~ch-tah M, etexta DLO, /9ite-xta;ar -rar-ras M, /I araharao s S, 1" a*ra*ra s CW; h anmuppax SS

hawk, small species of. 6irikik'n'ox DLO, /c'irikike'"?as SS,/c' irikike°,is Cd

hawk, sparrow (Falco sparverius). ah'-che-kid'-de'-dk M

hay. hut-sit H tgrass', ikh-hut-shit C 'grass', /xaclr

hazel bush or twigs (Corylus californica). hahs'-soo-k MN,/xa-suklu° (h)un

hazel nut. /xa'sulkWI

he. hat'-sin P; kwatz C, A/kwac, (also means 'she'. See also 'that'.)

head. cha-dA C, charro H, cha'-r 1P, 6aro DLO, /cara'w

head-scratcher. hisak Cu (for girls' puberty ceremony, made of deer-bone)

hear: do you hear it? ./yatikwaw.E, FfWdid you hear it?, /ti1yawik yao CWhe heard it. /riIkyawawo W, /kwt'1Iyswik CW (said to be

homophonous with 'he's making baskets')

heart. hi-was-sut C, eeo-was-up H, ewas-sa B401t, iwalut DLO,I" iva.sSur'

Helianthus cusickii (a plant). garawihui Ho340, /karawioh&r SS

hemp, Indian (Apocynum spQ). xus-show'-wer M, /9fssaowar SS

hereo gwihiuik Ho342; / aMnMa

heron (Ardea herodias). tah'-wah-hahr, tah'-wah-haht' M; t'o-waxat DLO,'t9awa xar

hiccoughing, he's. /kwannicnakik N

hide: I hid it. /saruxi-k FW

hill. See 'mountaint'

his. /kwac Iu Cw

hit it, he. /kWfihiEik FW (with the fist); /tfini k'i k (W

27

Page 28: A Shasta Vocabulary

holding it, I'm. /saO&ame- FW

horn. /waopw

Hornbrook (a place). uokwayik DLO (said to mean 'creek')

hornet. /tiocaw

horse. sa-tewa6 DLO, /sfitawac. Probably from Klamath si'tas wats'horses of the Snake Indians" (Gatschet, The Klamath Indians,Part 2, po 291; Washington, 1890.)

Horse Creek0 A itiwakxwa

hot0 da-to-daO C, a-tuk-tu H; /9atittd; also /iitti SS,, tuttAu

hot (of liquid)0 /97atittuppa0k SS

house0 cha-mum-ma H, um-mah R, um-ma C, um'ma P., uma HH, amma V181,umma Ho305,/5 ammao

house, summer campo currara amma V186

hummingbird0 d~s'-k,-mg, tas'-koo-mg M; /taskummeo

hundred0 cheh-hus H., a-che-ish C, achfihis Ho341, /~o~eocihi.s

hungry, he's0 /kWikkWaceyma NW

hunt: Ivm huntingo /sIomaokev FWhe's hunting. /kWlomaokeo CW

hurt, he got0 /teocaompik Ci

husband0 kit-ti-bel-bit H 'my husband'; yu-po 9-wa-tik-ng C ymy husband',yapu awatl'kwa Ho343, awatikwa G36, /'?awatlkwa.. (also means'man')

husband, deado awatitwaki G37

I yah'-a H, ya C. ya P9 iaa HH, /ya*,7a.o

ice. kou-wait-sai H; hi-u-eo C, /'xii;?a?

illegitimate children0 xatsid Ho322 (literally 'grass, hay', /xacfr)

Indian0 ka-du-wa C, up-put-ye-wish H, IIs CW

Indian womano /')iS? rapxaO C(

28

Page 29: A Shasta Vocabulary

Ipos bulb (Calochortus sp.). ip'-haws, ip'-haw M; ipha Cu, ipha B397'potato', ipxea DLO, /'ipxa,> SS

iron. akh-wa C, kwoi-a-wake H

island. ish-sheets H, utch-skech C

J.

jaw. /c'awa°k

jay, crested (Cyanocitta sp.). cho'-ko-kah-uft, cho'-ko-kah-bt M

jump, to. a-chu-ku PjumpI /kaucu'ktr' CWhe's Jumping, /kA cukuma FP, /raucukukw CW

juniper berryo poo'-doo-he, poo'-roo-whe M; /pturu(h)P'juniper seed. /ctiklylo'

juniper tree (Juniperus sp.). /pirui*u" CW

K

Karok, he's speaking. /kWliwappiek SS

Karok country. ,4iwaopekki

Karok man. /9 iwvappl

Karok people above Happy Camp. watldo Ho301, /wat'~ru' SS

Karok woman. /bape.rapxackettle. hau-cha-hi-diik C, kee-kurre R, yup-pook-o'h-tos H, up'-kiis P

kicked it, he. /kWakaElok FW

kidney. /c'U'tukkut' SS, /c'I takku CW

kill, to. kwai-di-kik C, seet-e-kik H, tska'-ha Phe killed him. /kWI*ckaxawi~k CW, FW

killdeer (Oxyechus vocifera)O che-wen'-ne-dit'-se, che-we -de-dik-se,tse-we'-te-tik M

kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis). cho-wio-te-titch M (Also identified asblack phoebe, Sayornis nigricans)

29

Page 30: A Shasta Vocabulary

kingfisher (Ceryle sp.). tah'-char-rut, tseh-n~re'-rok M

Klamath River. wasudigwa Ho3Ol

Klamath River, along the. /" iruhlo SS

knee, f ipka DLO, /"k)c'ipka

knife. ihS-kari R, i-ka'-dekh C, ich-kur-ry H, /9ikary SS,/Aikar y" CW

know: I don't know. /xam!; /ma' tf'weyk'a* C)I don't know i f i t's s o, /xamx ke.9 i .ta SShe knows. /rioweyka- CWY. FW

Llake. cha-ech C, rope-se-kwon-a-kutch-re quoi H; ip-he-ne C 'sea',

ipxana Ho302, /'Ipxanao

large. kim-pie H, kem'-pi C, kim-peh P.,/k'impfi; -nuk Ho342, /-knak

large one (a name). kimpinuini Cu

laughing, he's. /kWariki-,Eiok CW

leaf. hus-kit H, ikh-hun-nut C, /xann6.r

leather. /xao. itka

leg. unno-wun R, ar'-ro-weh H, ha-da-wi C, arawey DLO, /harawe'rlegendary animals. xaseyauwat Ho327, /xa-seoyfiwar 5; hika Ho327,

/hi.kao SSHlegg ings. A ic' a karv' ir CiW /9 iC I a° kar? fimma $5

lie (rest). it's lying. /ricao' SSit's been lying for some time. /kW0ca.E SShe's lying down. /ratekwaytw C

lie (tell falsehood): I'm lying. /ya.<a* nasIskWeyk FWyou're lying. skwidkweyk DLO, /skwfskWeyk FWhe's lying. /kwvskweyk FWheIs lying to me. /yaoia.a inna kwOskweyantikao7 FW

lift: lift itl /kicukic CWhe lifted it. /kwlIcucik CWyou can't lift it. /mao nickdcucuic SS, /sticututdimai SS

light. ot-chi C, ai-ak-heh-mo H

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Page 31: A Shasta Vocabulary

lightning. kwai-da-dhi-mik C, ko-mah-su-see-de H; i-dach'-u-mo P,iratumu DLO, / ifracummu

lights his pipe, heo kwi'-okwghir D484

likes it, he. /rd-ateykak CW

lilac, white (Ceanothus integerrimus). ah-sah'-p L -yIPhb: M

lily, mountain. finohachcha Ho341

limb (of a tree). /bfra-slimping, he's. /kwfnniwaturuk FW

lion, mountain: see 'panther'.

listening, he's. /ruppikira.k? FW

livero Epsi DLO, /'e.psi'lizard (Sceloporus sp.). ch6'-what, ch6o-whar M; /c'uxcar

lizard, alligator (Gerrhonotus sp.). nen'-nah-he'-wis-shik M

lizard, copperhead. a-nun'-nah-he'-wis-sik M

lizard, small species of. ta'matsi D455 (also a boy's name)

lizard which is said to track people. /wrakekkir

log. h/-y°o*wa?7long. wa-chg-weh P, /iukkwBxiO*(h)iE,

looko he looks around. kwr"ag D484he's looking for it. /kwv.rakamake.r FW

looks (appearance), /k'e".'ir

lose: I lost it. /tapi*ma CW (cf. 'throw')he lost it. /k4-xta ik FW

louse o /c i °tfk CW

louse, grayback. /iiwiwfi

love, too se-atch-uk-ik H, ste-ho-so-wa-ti-kuk C

lower end, as of a valley. wikwahaiwago Ho301, /wikkwahe-waka SS

lungs. /yaxaxa"

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Page 32: A Shasta Vocabulary

M

mad (enraged). /k'umata'I'm mad. /sumata.okhe's mad. /kiimata-ik CW

madrone berries. awas Ho308, /?a-wa'os

madrone tree. awashihi6 Ho340, /ia-wa'-s(h)i*(h)ut

magpie (Pica sp.). tah-kwi'-chg, tah-kwi'-chahts M

make: he made it. /kWacxu nakWlfma FW

mano a-wa-tee7qua H, A-wa-tik-na C, o'-dik-a P, awatikva HH,awatlkwa Ho343, awatfkua DLO, /"awatlkwa. (also means 'husbandt)

manyO o-kwa-di' C, uch-kwar-ra H, /1ukkWari, SS, I" akkWar9 ai

manzanita berries. asy it DLO, /"assurmanzanita bush (Arctostaphylos viscida). ah-so-ro', ah-soQo-ro-ho,

ah-soot'-6, ah-soo'-roo, ah-soo'-roo-hoo M; /gasuru.(h)&

manzanita sp. (Arctostaphylos patula). wah-hi'-e-yu, wah-hi'-e-hoo,wyah-hi '-e-yu M

manzanita sp. (A. patula), berries of. wah'ch-hah M

maple (Acer macrophyllum). sah'-ke' M, sa'ki' Ho341, /sakkf9

married, he got. /t.pswi'k CW

marrow. /,oit'u rukW

meadowlark (Sturnella sp.). che'-ah-.kwit, chi'-o-kut M; `{ofWit DLO,/c Lyakwirn, also /cfyukWirv X

meadowlark's note, imitation of. titio-tsiakwilir DM8

meat. ee-nuk H., jes-hi C

meet: he met him. /Ak1kWatakaoma FW

melted, ice. /9i &a kWOexwicik Fi

menstrual hut. wapsa hamma V189, wapsah6mma Ho306, /wapsfihuamma SSmenstruating,. she's,. /k psahuw SSmenstruating woman. wapsahi 'Ho306, wa-psahou SS

mnerganser. cha-tah M

mid-aft~ernoon. ganlyalild HQ342 (explained as 'looking backwardt)

32

Page 33: A Shasta Vocabulary

middle, isi Ho341, /9 isf. SS

middle of the morning. gagahaxamu Ho342 (explained as 'still lookingahead')

middle of the night. isf apax Ho342

milk. bf{ci lk

milkweed (Asclepias sp.). char'-rok-ke-6 M, /c'a-r6.khihu9? SS;/"icxfrak'eI CW

mink (Lutreola vison group). oo'-soo, o'-so, o'-soo M; ulsyu DLO, /94i.su.

minnow. che'-wash M

mixing it, he's. /kwfratlakarik CW

Modoc Indian. ipaxanai Ho3O2, /9?ipxa-n62i9 SS, /"ipxa~n&e. CW. Cf./7 fpxana. 'lake'

Modoc territory. /9ipxaonaPki SS

mole (Scapanus sp.). id'-de-dahk, it'-ti-duk, e-re-rik, eo-di-dik M;frirak DLO, /" frirak

money. /cfkiman CW (from Chinook Jargon 'chickamin")

money, Indian (beads). /7awkWaci-k SS (from local English Nallicocheek",derived from Yurok "o4 'Indian', ci~k 'money')

monster (said to eat babies). /huylikur CW

moon. it-da'-to-su C, up-whot-su H., apkhatsu H, apaxftsu tchuar Ho342(said to mean "night sunt, cf. /"apxa. 'night'); /c't'war (alsomeans 'sun')

moon of the winter or summer solstice. tchuar ikn~mk Ho342 (lit., *bigmoon"t, /-knak 'big')

moon before that of the solstice. tchuiar xfa HIo342" ("little moon", /-xi x'little')

more. 'chimi Ho341 (also translated 'again')

more, that manyo ggh~ha Ho341

morning. kWo-chitsh H, ko-chich-nik C; /-ayaxy mEmu

morning, early. gutcha katswa Ho342 (shortly after sunrise)

mosquito. ter-rah-ha H; cho'-pe-wa, choo'-pe-we, choo'-pe-weh M;/cuppiwey

33

Page 34: A Shasta Vocabulary

moss (growing on trees)0 hata Cu, /xaotaw

mother. aksi G35, /- atxig CW; muth-kha H., milatkhi 1*1, /matxa CW;an-ni C, ani G35, an! Ho343, /ga-nl.; un-i-ni P, /,ani~nf cw(vocative), /"a-nf.nao SS (vocative)

mother following death of a child. anipsi G36 (address), axksipsi G36(reference)

mother, dead. kehaikau G37, gutswat G37

mother-in-law. awawit G36 (said also to mean 'daughter-in-law', q*v.)

mother-in-law (wife's mother)0 aox~na Ho343, /"a.`wx6*nax vSS

Mount Shasta. waifka Cu, wai'lka D389, /waykta" SS, /weyk'ar? CW

mountain, nuk-sua C; uk-queh' R., wuk-kwe H, wuk'-weh P., /wakkwey

mountain beaver. /kwa-ta.mpax S5, /kwa-ta* CW

mouse (Peromyscus spo). hahp-hah'-taj ahp-hah'-ta, ahp-hah'-te,ah-put'.te M; /.)a~pxa*tti,?

mouse, field. /pu(h)ulkw (translated by SS as 'gopher')

moutho upph R. ou-laik H., au C, au P, au HH, ow DLO, /9aw

mud. /c'fk (also means 'dishes')

mule. ipelukeni DLO, /9u.p'icuokini9 CW (said to mean 'long ears', butthe words for 'long' and 'ear' are not apparent here)

mullein, Turkey (Croton setigerus). e'-yu-he-re-too ke-sah'-hook M(cfo /q!yu-hir antelope')

mushroom. /ctf.rak

mushroom sp. /mihfrv CW

mussel, freshwater. chah'ch-ha-nook, chah'ch-nook M; /ca xnukWt

myo yu-bo C, yapo 035, yapu Ho343, /yap!r

N

nail (of f inger or toe). ed-da-ke C, ed-a-qua H, yah-rah-ha R.,sraxa DLO, /e raxa

name. kau-shik C, ka-kwai-ee H

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name of a spirit. atsurikwitsugwaiweyaa H1o331 (said to mean 'therawhide basket up on something')

names, personal (sex not known)0 irah6'dekaheruk D456.,9`warekneke D456 (said to mean 'two crowns in hairt),edoochme B3970

names, personal (of females)0 hapautuqharApfa Cu, aniduidui DM14,irakwi'tswerax D456 (if mother good worker), apsa'tswiraxD456 (if mother lazy).

names, personal (of males). i'riihuti'kahlrri D456 (if father goodfighter and leader), ayakwg'hawir D456 (if father goodgambler), a'psair D456 (if father lazy and of little account),o'wariya'hawir D456 (if father good hunter), adihotiki` DM8,erikaner DM8, tap-matsi DN24; susti D3841 sasti¶K285,' istika Cu,/sest'oka SS (person after whom the Shasta are said to havebeen named); f'iawik Ho320 (name of SS, because his father'ssister was good at fancy beadwork), but /I ikyahampik S$(said by informant to be his own name)

nasty0 /e -oyu k) W

navel0 /eoeraw

near0 um-me C, u-mukohee-a H, /"ammax

neck. as-ka C; ih-kohk R, ik-ook H, ikk'ok DLO 'throat', /'-Ik'uk

needle0 /,exwao (probably ultimately from Spanish aguia; cf. Patwin"awha )

Negro woman0 /nikwa rapxao SS

net, set0 /"uccir SS

netting0 /9aoraohtW SS

nettle (Urtica spo)o kooto M, /ktuhirl

next0 gtuhi' Ho342

night. up-ha C, apkha HH, apax Ho342, /1apxa'nighthawk (Chordeiles sp.). cho'-pah-kawan-nik-kook,

choo'-pah-kwah-ne-kok, choo'-pah-kon-ng-himo-me M

nine. tsa-a-toh R, s'cho-a-ko-ti C, kirihariki-ikiriu HH,it-ai-hai-a-koh-eh-heh-hoi H; irahaia watahal Ho341,I" frahaoyawateohap SS

nineteen0 tcha-a-toh R; /"eccahe wi tuk 9 traha-yawateoha keheha 3SS

Page 36: A Shasta Vocabulary

ninety. frahaiahis 'chimi achahlwi Ho341

nine hundred. frahaiawatiruk achfihis Ho3th1

no. ma C, mfih H., /ma-a

nose. yahm-nah R; ats C, add H, et P, eri NH, et DLO, /"e.r

nosebleed, he has a. /kWipawka CWI

nothing. oafttu-?

now. gus Ho342, /kas; /k'a6.-u- CW

nursing, she's. /kWlmpahaeyik SS

nut, ground. huska B224

nuthatch (Sitta aculeata). ta'-ho, ooch-teko-ke, u-muk'-ke-noo'-chah M

0

oak, black (Quercus californica). ahch-tak'-koo, ahch-tuk'-ke-ho M;/9apxtakthi-h? SS, /ia-xtai'u*- (CW calls 'white oak')

oak, white (Quercus garryana). tsoo'-koo-roo'-hoo, choo'-koo-roo'-hoo,chooo-koo-roo' M; tchukarti Ho339, Z"u*kuru DLO,/c'u*kuru*(h)&r (CW calls 'black oak')

oaks, growth of young. /"a-pxarahihui SS, /la pxarutt cw

oats, wild (Avena sativa). cho-ho'-nah M

old. kid-du-ka'-he C, you-mnah-hah H, kai'-o-pak P

old woman. idigaxa' Ho343

one. cham, H., chahm R, tia-ha R 'eleven'W(), s'cha-um-mo C,tshiamu HH, 'chaa Ho341, /c'a 9t?, /c'l."amu CW 'just onet

opened the door, he. /kAkavwasik FW

Oregon country in which the Shasta lived. Ikirrik Cu 'Jacksonville, Ore.',/91ktirak (said by SS to mean tbehind the mountain')

oriole (Icterus sp.). chahk-chah-kah, chahks-chah'-kah M

Osmaronia cerasiformis (a plant). horalhihv Ho308, /xu.riyhi-hu? SS(lit., "spider bush")

otter (Lutra sp.). hah-sa, hah'-sa, hah'-sE, he-tsah-ha M; xarse DLO,/xasse

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Page 37: A Shasta Vocabulary

ouzel, water (Cinclus sp.). chin'-noo-wish'-wish M

owl, burrowing (Speotyto sp.). kahl-kahl'-us, yii-kah-kahtch M

owl, great horned (Bubo sp.). its-muk'-kah-ra-up-se, its-muk'-kah-ri-up-tse,9ch-muko-kah-ri'b-shit M; 16mekerep it DLO, /'l(cmakare psir

owl, screech (Megascops sp.). ho'-do-ho, ho'-ro-ro, oo'-roo-roo,oo'-doo-doo M; hurukdk DLO

P

paddle. /_va-kfir

paddling, hets. /kWakik CW

paint for face, black. /mataraxl"

panting, he's. /kwehekikik FW

panther (Felis hippolestes). he'se, e'-she M; i-sheh P 'lion',heesee B398 'grizzly', f~i- DLO, /".Si

pants. akdiay DLO, /9akA--ay SS, /Oakdowey CW

parent-in-law of child. ikiwaha G36

parent-in-law of child (following death of connecting relative).kaiyugdsi G36

parsnip, wild. ah-sow'-k-kah' M

paunch of a deer. /"axtir&?

pay: he paid for it. /kiiwica ik FW

peeling, he's. /kwfrapsuk CW

pelican, white (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). tah-wah-haht M (cf./t'awaoxfivr 'heron')

peppernut. /wa-k'tr TCW

peppernut tree. /wa..k'iri*& CW

person. ish R 'man', /"!s CW (also translated as "Indian")

pestle. /tDuLkO k s

ki.usa DLO, /ksa Cil (from Chinook Jargon cosho,,. from French cochon)

37

Page 38: A Shasta Vocabulary

pigeon, band-tail (Columba fasciata). sa-wa-hut C, kud-ah-rah H;kwah-tow'-wah, kwah-tah'-wah M; /kWa.ta wey9 CW

pine, digger (Pinus sabiniana)o ho'-po-wheo-ho M

pine, Ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa). ar-rup-ho H. us-sho-ho R.asyunax DLO; ah-soo', ah-soon'_nahch M; /iasu-(h)(&

pine, sugar (Pinus lambertiana). ah-chah'-wo, at-sar'-ke-ho M;ut-sha-ne'-ho C; /"accvwiwmh SS., /qaccawou u' CWi

pine cone. hah'-tis M, /xat'i°s

pine nuts. at'-sow M, /"accaw

pine nuts (of digger pine). ho'-po M

pipe. ko-peruk R; up-sho C, ut-suich H. ahp'-soo M, /'apsu.

pity him, I. otto hopee B134

places, names of:towns in Shasta Valley: ihiweah K286, ihiweoyax DM27; ikahig

K286; kusta K286, /k6sta 'Yreka'towns in Scott Valley: orowichaira K286, itayah K286,

/9uikWehewaka 55 ("where the valley narrows down to a canyon")towns of the Kammatwa: chitatowaki, opshiruk, okwayig, eras,

harokwl, ishui, ishuapi, itiwukha, kutsastsus, kwasuk, sumai,umtahawa, ututsu, waukaiwa (all K 286)

unidentified places: utc;yagig DM27, kwihin'i DM34

plant spp., unidentified. gakiwaktih Ho340; icosusur6' Ho341,/"!ccususu-rtu SS; xama Ho340, /xa.ma SS; axay DLO

playing, he's. /kWirioik cw

Pleiades. /9fipit'axnir SS, /?a'-pat'axnir CW

plum, wild. aht'-kah, at-kah M; /?atka-

plum tree, wild (Prunus subcordata). aht-kid'-de-ha-ho, aht-kah'-he-yu,aht-kah'-rah ho-ho M

points on arrows, he's putting. /9accIrey kwtkctukwasik SS

poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). mut-nah'-he-ho, maht'-nah' M; muEtnaH0340, /matn .

poisoner. o k3ephoak/ V7porcupine (Erethizon sp.). ahs'-chah, as'-chah, hahs'-che-wah M; as~"a"

DLOpndngacr s,h/easc SS, /osci-wa /

pound ing acorns,9 he ' s. /kdkw 'i k

38

Page 39: A Shasta Vocabulary

poured it, he kwframa!

poured or threw it out, he. /kWattataoma CW

pulled or dragged it, I, /sa'xuka9 FW

push: push with your shoulder. ru kwami D488I pushed it, /sfcmara ka' FW

put it on the fire! /kappeoha SS

put out the fire, he. /kWfcka~xtik FW

Q

quail,9 mountain (Qreortyx sp.). kah-h6'k, ho-hook M; q*uWk. DLO,/k uhuik (SS calls 'valley quail')

quail, valley (Lophortyx sp.). tah-kah'-kah M, ti&kaka DLO, /t'fikaokao(SS calls 'mountain quail')

quartz. /c'ak~a"(h)ana.

Quartz Valley. iruai Ho301 'Scott Valley', /bir6ay SS, /virihuwey aJ;also /uawPotahu7 SS

quick. /kir&iorax Cag/kiyaorax SS, /*?iya*rax SS

R

rabbit (Lepus texianus group). h6-wak'-hah, '0-wako-hah M; owa-xa DLO,/,uowaoxao, also /k6owaoxao SS

rabbit,, cottontail (Lepus audoboni). it'-ti-now"-kwah'-hah,it-t'an&-kw MN; ftaykowhahaq DLO, /Ift'ay k'awx4.9 SS

raccoon (Procyon sp.)o i-che-shio-duk) &-che-shi'-rok, itch'-e-she'-duk M;i tsigi°rea DLO, /"iccas!.rak' (literally,. "eats crawfish"*);also hatiywa DLO, /xat'aoywa SS; che'-nuk-we M; /tinfckuk SS

rago /ya°kam

rain. o-chee H, i-dur-ka C, da.-keh P. utsbik NH

raining, itus. /kIlccik CW

Ranunculus occidentalis. gitar ftu'wi Ho341, /kAitr 'ftu 'w!f. (lit.,"Summer salmon's eye'")

Ranunculus sp. tjas !tu'wi Ho341, /c'A s '!tu w!wf (lit, "steelhead'seye")

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Page 40: A Shasta Vocabulary

rat, kangaroo (Dipodorrs sp.). ah'-wahk M

rat, wood (Neotoma sp.). hah'o-p6s, ah-po's, 6w'-p6s, ah'-poos M;/',&ppuos

rattlesnake (Crotalus sp.). ho-wah'-tatah, ho-wah'-te M; kwoi-teh-te H.,ho-wao-tit C, xowfitit DLO, /xuwa*tlir

raven (Corvus corax). kok' M

reach: he reaches for his pipe. apsi'tohokwira D487

red. eh-koh-tie H., akh-ta-kat-tih C, i-kwa'-teh P, eakhi HH,/'e.xti'?, also /?f{kWaxti-? SS 'bright red'

red paint for the face. fsur Cu; i-sut, iosur DLO; /'f-sur. Thispaint was made from /cakatf.sur, said by CW to be a rock, butby SS to be obtained from dead white-fir trees.

relative (kinsman). /taka- CW

resting, he's. /rehica-i FW

rib. 00ara*clao 7

Ribes sp. (a plant). itdayihi Ho341, /iiteoeyi-hu', SS

ridge. /baora.wal?

riding (horseback), he's. /re yie°ykaei CW

right now. gutsdjei Ho3h2

ripe, itllso AkseO#'ikIirrise: he rises on his elbow. ku'kwarats D487

the creek has riseno /aowawc'eyi kvwie'parik SS

river, it-chah R (cf. 'water'), kwan-e-eh'-how H., at-ta-ti-wa C,ashurahfina HH; atitaywi DLO, /qatitfigywi SS, /Iatitiywil CY

robin (Merula sp.). chV'-kwah''kVah M, ?kwfkwe DLO, /ct kWakkwa

rock. it-su H, jet-sha C, it-shah R., it-oah P., itsa H, f!sa DLO,/o ccal

rolling, he's. /re.tutaokai CuW, FW

rolling down the hill, helso. /retutfiiakak CW

root. /iarioviii

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root of Ponderosa pine. mut' -ta-koo'-ma M, /uittikummar SS.,/'f!ttikunmar SS

root of pine (for baskets). /9ummaoy

root sp., medicinal. cudda-wayhoo B398, katsvihi6 EC

rose berries. /c'{otao

rose bush, wild (Rosa sp.). che'-tah ye-ho' M, /c'{.ta*(h)i.(h)uI

rotten. /kIkkWat& i- CW

round. /ik'ank'an

round, anything. tintin Ho342 (also 'short, fat person')

round, Just beginning to be. da tin tin Ho343

run, to. ki-di-chum-mo C, le-heh-tah-kah H, ti-he'-teh Prun'. /keheti i CWrunning, he's. /reohetaeka CW, FW

S

sack. /puo(las (cf. Karok puo-vis, Yurok puewig)

sage herb (Artemisia ludoviciana). ah-sah'-pe-yu M; wah-shaho,wash-shah' M; wasa Ho341 'Artemisiavulgaris var. discolor',/wassfi 5S

salamander, large (Amnblystoma sp.)o pook'-pook M, /pidkpuek SS

salamander spo ("water dog"). /cuorehexta SS

salmon. keet-tich H, kito-tut-i C, kito DLO 'fish'; ke-tar',ki-tahr, ketero'rva, kit-terr' M; /kiattar'. See also"tdog salmon.*

salt, ar-ter H, a-ta C, /9a.tax

sand, /t'a6occu

sawing wood, he's. /kWfccutiok CW, FW

scorpion. e'-che-meto.ti, e°-che-mah te, M

Scott Bar. /'asuopaok CW,

Scott River. /kuwac'axa'?

Scott Valley. /'uwatuhu' SS

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scraping it, he's. /kwraxaki-k Nl, FW

scratched it, he. /kWfi.cxiiik FW

seao uk-kaho-ruk-e H

see, to. se-wa C, seh'-wah H, kwi-mah' PI see. /kWimmaon> SShe sees it. /re.wa9 (X9 FWhe saw it. /kwAmmiok FW

Seiad (a placename). /fa *raxf CW

sell: he sold it. /kdwa°tinpa.i FW

service berries. ;ak.(ra DLO

service berry bush (Amelanchier sp.). ah-ke'-dah-he-ho' M,/iak! *ra°hiohu" SS

set, the sun has. /kwIhhampik SS

set fire to it, he. /iwure",mpik N

seveno ho-qua-at-a-hah R, ho-kwa-kok-eh-heh-hoi H., ho-kwa-ka-ke-uk C,hokaikinis HH, hukwa wataha' Ho341, /xdkkwawate ha>

seventeen. hon-ko-et-aha R, /"eccahe*wi tuk XdklKawate-ha keheh&'- SS

seventy. hfichkihis Ichfmi Achahvwi Ho341

seven hundred. huikwawatiruk ach6ihis Ho341

sewing, shevs. /k~twik FW

shake: I shook it, /skckatistisi FW

Shasta Indians. kavhosadi Ho301, /k'ahuisarfoi SS, also /sar*. SS5(said to mean 'clear-spoken'); kikatsik D387, gf'kats Ho30,kikacis Cu 'a Shasta sub-tribe', /kI*kaoc' SS 'Kammatwa namefor real Shasta'; shastika X280 'Shasta proper'

group gn Klamath River between Karok and Shasta proper:gamiutwa Ho3019 /k'a-mftwa SS

Klamath River group (as called by Scott Valley group):wiruwhikwitso Ho301, /iiruhiekwficu,?SS

same, as called by Oregon groupo wasudigwatsu Ho301,/wasu rukwfi-cu, SS

same, as called by Shasta Valley group: iruafCsuhi Cu,wiruwhitsu Ho301, /"iruh!ocu" SS

same (another term): wirrihikwai'irukla D388, wiruhikwairuk'a K286Oregon group: ikiraku'tsu D451, fkaraka~suhi Cu, ikirik&'tsu

Ho301

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Shasta Valley group: ahotire'itsu D451, ahotireitsu K286,/iahutira"icu" SS;

Scott Valley group: iruwaitsu Cu, iriiaitsu Ho301,/iiruiai'7cu9 SS, wrwehea'wakl1tsu Dl51, wikwahahaiwaggtsuHo3Ol vpeople of lower end of Scott Valley'; uwatuihtsuHo301, /ouwa-tahi'cui SS 'people of Scott Valley or ShastaValley, as called by Klamath River group'

other groups* okwanuchu K280, okwfinchu Cu, okwanutsu M;konomihu K280

Shasta territory. /k'ahuisari.e*ki SS

Shasta, he speaks. /kWahugsarfiik SS

Shasta Valley. /9a(h)utvire~ji

shells (small, for necklaces), /'-uk asis CW

shelter, brush. koupixasaiLduk D416

shining, the sun's. /c'uowar reoca.kW{yampak FW

shirt. aniti-Ema DLO

shoe. hut-cha C, ut-chehtsh or chahtch H. ut-shuhk R (all translatedvmoccasin'), atsukh HH1 acx DLO, /9Ac'ax

shoot itS /k1lcva CWhe shot. /kwfsniomaO CW

shorto /-5ihfkku SS, /ifokku CW

shoulder. ukw.owi DLO, /,ukW1owi SS; /'aopxmy' CW

shouting, he's. /kidowacki °k CW, FW

shrike (Lanius spo). che'-de-ke-kasop chik'-ke-de-rook M

sibling, younger. a-chuo-ki P, atcugwi G35, atchiki Ho343,/iaccukwi; voco /gaccukhxnao SS

sibling9 younger, dead. gigetsihaiya G37

sibling-in-law. kusewahatu G36 'woman's sister's husband, husband'sbrother's wife'6 atari G36 9man's sister-in-law, woman'sbrother-in-law', atari Ho343 /iatfirio SS

sick, I'mO /sexxik CWsick, he'so /kWexxik NW

sifting, he's. /kowaonik SS

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sifter (for meal). /"uw&anir CW, (another type) /7ut'asiraayr CW;/cureoe°ma SS

s inew. /Ifmmi e

sing, to. kech-ni C, kraits-neeh Hhe's singing. /kWeocni k CW, FWwe're singing. /yeocnae CW

Siskiyou Mountain. /iitiwakxaia rar.wa SS (lit., "Horse Creek Ridge")

sister. ap-po C (see 'brother'), up-put-u-fur H

sister, man's. kwfku Ho343 (see 'brother, woman's')

sister, older. atcu, refo atci G35; achf Ho343, /la.cf; vocativeachiina Ho3h3, /"a~c!ona- SS

sister, older, dead. gigetsi G37

sister, younger: see 'sibling, younger'

sister-in-law, woman's. adawasi G36o See also 'sibling-in-law'

sit, to. tis-aik H, dis-shauk Csit down) k1iIayk DLOhe's sitting down. /rfssaowkl CW (also means 'he's at home')he sat down. /kwissiyka. FWthere he sits.O /kwac' kw!ssik SShe sits up, resting one hand on the ground. kwii kitcwits D487he sits with his hands clasped over his knees. I'.`wkwiya D487

six. tahaia HH, tcho-at-a-hah R, s'cha-um-mo-ka-ka-i-huk C,cham-a-kok-ehb-heh-hoi H, chilwa taha' Ho341, /c'tuwate*(h)ai

sixteen. tcho-et-a-ha R(cf. 'six'), 'achahlwi, 'chimi chiwa t5ha' Ho341,/ieccah6.wi tuk ct'uwateeha'. keheh&i SS

sixty. hfichkihis Ho341, /xackihios SS

six hundred. chdwatiruok achihis Ho341

skin (of person). /ifcka

skinning, he's. /kw6imiki*k CW

skink (Eumeces sp.) . am'-mah-cho -what, am'-mah-cho'-what; - --too'-hook-a-si-te (all M)

skunk, large (Mephitis spo). mah -nah-tsah', mon-naht-sah' M;wanao tsax DLO, /manacax

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skunk, little spotted (Spilogale sp.). mah'-nah-tsah he-ah, te'-neetch,i tcho'-e-no-ta-ko io'-ah (all M)

s1y. wukine HH, kwa-ho-wa C, c-pah'-ko H

slapped him, he. /kWecu->ik NW

sleep, to: kich-miis-si C, titch-nu-che Hgo to sleepI /kicmasf SShe's sleeping. /rfcmasa~kal CW, FW

sleepy: I'm sleepy. /sAkkarik CWhe's sleepy. /kWgkkarik CW

sliced off, anything. guisditaxiswa Ho343

slug. /Clfioktii

small . at-tok C., uto-tu P. ut-o-kwo i H. /ifit luk; xia Ho342, /-xi x

smell, to:he smelled it. /kummaik CW, NWit smells bad. /kRumatfk'ii-kit smells good. /kuImarf-?ik OW, FN

smiling, he's. /rupeo*xweyaeka COW

smoke. /k'uoca

smoke (tobacco), to:smoke ! /kdppa" SSI'm smoking. /suppik FWhe's smoking. kIrp-ik DLO, /k6ppik CW, FWhe smokes. kwa'okwahir D487

smoke brush (Ceanothus cuneatus). e-too'-h6, it'-te-ho, it-too'-h MN

smokehole. /kWawe wax SS

smooth. /"isc'umu CW, /ficta.ntu SS

snail. /ca nfkkWax SS

snake. /nu(h)usu (also translated 'blue racer snake')

snake, gopher or bull (Pityophis sp.). 6-hi'-sg-si-ket, 6-hi'-s'e-sek-kit,e-she-shao-kit M; ihisist kit DLO, /ri-sisekkir

snake, king (black and white). qataxnit DLO, /ifittaxnir SS

snake, king (with red marks) (Ophibolus boyli). no-we-tah'ch M,nuwitax DLO, /nuwi'tax

Page 46: A Shasta Vocabulary

snake, water (Eutaenia sp.). mah'-tah-tah-how', mah'-ti-ta--how,hoom'-mah-ten-to M; matataha' wa DLO

snatie sp. /voanicmakfare6yax

snow. khal NH, kau C, kh'ow H., /k'aw

snowing, it's. /kAaw ku6ccik CW

soaproot (Chlorogalum pomeridianum). hahr', hah'tr M

son. me-tu-gut-yah H, yu-po otta C; akwi G35, /la.kwil

son following death of one of parents, or one of speaker's children.akwipsi G36

son-in-law. /we'psinax SS

song, Coyote's. an'ni sa'wi na DM19

song, Grizzly Bear's war-cry. anst5*weyu DM20

song, man's. kunoniu hunu DM20'

song, turtle's. oxiwicnikwiki DM13

songs, war-cry. hennuhr'yo, kelehuku'nnami DM20

soot. /maseyl

sorcerer. purowan V238 ('lights seen around cemetery, supposed to beghosts'), /9a°piiruwa.n SS (from Karok iapurtvaen)

sound of Coyote. atii -tii-tui DM35

sour. /'ic'uxuyweyi Cr (also translated 'bitter')

sour berry (Rhus trilobata). oo'ch-o-ht', o-ho'-ho M

spaniel. o6piteqteq DLO (said to refer to falling ears)

sparrow spp. ahp'-se-ko-pis-tah'-kah; tse-re'-ke-ke; chah'-ne-tas'-sah,chah'-ne-tah'-sah (all M)

speak,to. te-how-see H. san-han-sik C, ti'-l-sah P

spear itl /kiac'us CWhe's spearing. /kuc'usi k CW

spider. ho-ri', hoo-ri' M; /xuor'a6y

spider, large. /"ao klyaxa CW

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spirit ("pain"). aheki K302, axe ki D470, axafki Ho326, /iaxekki

spirit, water (dog-shaped). xaseyauwat Ho327

spitting, he's. /keepxutik FW

spoon (aboriginal type). /EiskWey SS

spoon (modem type). /,f!rayu kWir

springtime. et'-na C, eet-ee-nu6h H. it na' Ho342, /9i'tnaO SS,/vii*cnaoi CW

sprouting, it's. /re.wappawa" FW

squaw cabbage. 66we DLO

squirrel, gray (Sciurus fossor). choot-tah, ch&o-tah, cho'-kah M;6u-?ta DLO, /c'uitta

squirrel, ground (Citellus douglasi) D ah'-chuk, ot'-tuk, ahto-chukA M;acak DLO, /laccak

squirrel, pine. ko'°-nahch, koo'-nahch, koo'-nah M

stand, to, tok-ok H, duk-ka-wa Chets standing. /rfk'awa." CM, FW

star. kautch-chi-e-mo C, huk-weh-soot H. /xakkwgosur

stays overnight, he. /kwepxummikta, SS

steelhead. chash, tsahso, tahs M; cvas DLO, /c',as

stepfather. arodsa G36 (also 'man's stepchild'). See "uncle."

stepmother. anidi G36 (also 'woman's stepchild'). See "aunt."t

step-parent's father. kuya G36 (also 'mants child's stepchild'). See"great-uncle."

step-parent's mother. amaki G36 (also 'woman's child's stepchild').See "great-aunt. If

sticks for gambling game, plain. ak D441

sticks for gambling game, spindle-shaped. a'nninai D441

stinkweed, blue (Trichostoma sp.), atch-a-kah'-whahA M

stop9 to. it-ska P

string. /lassa

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'striped around' (a man's name). irah6'xdkwrd D456

strong. ke-ti-ho-kum-ma C; /xfmmi SS (see also 'tough')

sucked at it, he. /kWkmpaik FW

sucker (fish)0 kooo=ah, koo-wah, koo'-wah M; kla DLO, /k6wa

sugar. /taoca'wey (originally 'sugar pine juice')

sumac berries. 6xwiS DLO

summer. ot-ti-he C. atahi Ho342, /iata.(h)f@

sun0 tsoare HH, it-chi-wut C, chu'-wat P, cho'wat H, tchuar Ho342,/c 'uwar

sunrise0 tchiar gtiitsits Ho342

sunset0 gitchuwaha Ho3h2

supernatural beings living in mountains. hiRiv6 EC

supper. /kWaorak'ayruk CW

swallow it' /k'ukaka'ii' CWJhe swallowed ito /k'ukaka'?Ioma CW,9 FW

swallow, barn (Hirundo sp.). tah-bach-ah-rah'-rah M

swallow, cliff (Petrochelidon sp.). chuk-kah-rum'-dah M

swan (Olor buccinator). kowo-kah-tio-kit M

sweating, he'so /kWkccakaoma FW

sweating himself (in a sweathouse), he's. /k6stuwik CW

sweathouseq men'so wak'wa V186, wi'i'kwu Ho307, /wakkwax

sweathouse, women's0 kustukhambi V187, /k'lustikhampik SS

swim, to- I'm swimming. /sfpukw CWhe's swimming. /kWfpukw CW; also /rdmpakao CW, FW

syringa (Philadelphus spo)o ahch-nook, /?aoXnurwk' CW, /sa xnuikWt SS

T

tableo /"ickukniweour CW (lito., something like "what they eat on")

tail0 /9i(h)fwa

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talk, to. ka'hosa Ho301he's talking. /kWa(h)usi*khe's talking about him behind his back. /k iyakni k SS,

/kWi.k' payruk SS

tanager, mountain (Piranga ludoviciana). ho'-kwah M, chahks-chah' -kah M

taste, to: he tasted it. /ki6iuM.ouk:. CWA, FWit tastes bad. /kautfk'i.k CA, FNit tastes good. /kaurf-?i.k CW, FW

tear: he tore it. /kWa".Eatitimpa., FW

ten. etshelewi HH, tchS-he-wi R, e-cha-he-wa C, etch-e-heh-ye-heh-haiH, 6chah~wi Ho341, /ieccahe'wi"

that. k6ch-chil-it-um-ma H; in-na-ka C, in-na 'they' C, in-na 'he' H,hina BH 'he', /innao 'that one'

that over there. /'um*wa*tu9 CW

there. tuk Ho34l, /mi ttkW SS; /linnaxa' C(W

there, over. /'7u`waoxa

they. /kWaok'aoi COW

thigh. /xaoti *s

thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus). hah-dah'-dah he-ho' M

thinking, he's. /kWfya caci k C!

thirsty, Itm. /sewa-kattakai FW

thirteen. hut-ske-ka-ha R, /Ieccaheowi tuk xAcki kahehapi SS

thirty. hoch7ka-a-cha-he-wa C, kot-ski-etch-e-heh-ye H.'ch'ahis 'chfmi achahawi Ho341, /c'ehi-s tuk ieccahe6wi kehehfi SS

this. o-pai-look H. we-ka C, /we ne*.e CW

thousand. kchahawihis Ho341

thread. /'mtwir

three. hatski HH, hotch-ka C, kots'-ki H, hutski R, hachki Ho341,/xicki

three hundred. hachkiu achihis Ho341, /xackli "e-c6hi.s. SS

throw: I threw it. /sAppi ma FWhe's throwing it. /kw'ppi-ma CW

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thunder. did-eh'-woo-ko-hoo H, ha-dop-sit C; ik-i-am'-mi P,fkhtmu DLO, /9{kyammeo

tick. /cao*ca*t SS, /ca*cao*t CW

tied it, I. /sfruti-k FR

tired, I'm. /sfyak'a-xnaka" CW

tit, tufted (a bird Baeolophus sp che-de-ow'-wut M

toad. choom-pah'-he yu'-rot M

toad, horned (Phrynosoma sp.). nan-nr'-wis-sik M

toad, small green tree. cho-ho-net'-te M

toadstool spp. /gannaot SS, /iexxa.(h)Ai CW

tobacco. tcho-wahr R; o-wa' C, o-wa H; o-wah, oo'-ah M, /'Iowa

tobacco, wild (Nicotiana attenuata). she'-tah-oo'-ah M

today. ut-chi C, kah-o-uk-chai H, atct4i'tsu (Ho342,./k'i.u. Oaccey? CW(lit., "now day")

tomorrow. ai-ok-hee H, ai-a'-hye C, /'a yaxi.

toes. o-tos H. A-hush-ik C

tongue. ip-huah R; a-ha-na C, ah-heh'noo H, ehena HH, Ohtna DLO,/96(h)ena

tooth. itsh-on H, it-chukg R, ikh-chau C, ich'-o P., itsau HH, M~oDLO, /Ifc'aw

touch, to. ich-i-ki P whe touched it. /k fruta ni k

tough. itch-kuk H, /'ickak' (also translated 'strong')

towhee (Pipilo maculatus). choo-wai-h.-ng'-roo M, koo-w~h'ch-e M

traded, he. /kWfcu-timpa*#, FW

trail. /9fcca. (also translated 'road')

traveling. tach-a-ree B131

tree. cho-ko-to-kook H, su'-nakh P. ush-sho-ne C; ugaha Ho341,/a~kta, -(h)a

Page 51: A Shasta Vocabulary

tree, dead. utchasusi Ho341

tribe around Applegate, Oregon. /"icka*ta *we'y SS (probablyAthabaskan)

tribe downstream from Medford, Oregon. /kta tukIW SS (probablyTakelma)

tribe upstream from Medford. /'nu harawfs SS (Athabaskan?)

troublesome. /ie-ruxfcii CW (also translated 'mean')

trout. ah-kut, ah'-gut M; urk-ka H 'fish', a~qat DLO, /9a.k'ar

tulee, big round (Scikpus lacustris). hah'-pah-ris M

tule, flat (cat-tail, Typha latifolia). ook'-toor, hook'-toor M

tule, small (Scirpus sp.). koo'-pah-rahch

tule, three-rib (Sparganium sp?). che-rik-kik'-e-ho M

turtle. cha-ha-di-ni C, cha-kah-reh-ee H (both translated 'tortoise'),6aexarftay DLO; chaw'-hah-re-ri, chah'-hah-re'-ri,chah-hah-re'-ni, chaw'-hah'-re, chaw'*-hah'-ri M;/ca.xarfre- Cir, /ca-xari-na6i. SS

twelve. hou-quah-ka-ha R, eh-cha-he-wa-ho-kwa-ke-a-he C, achahawi tuakhudk'wa gahaha Ho341, /ieccahe*wi tuk xdkkwai kehehfo SS

twenty. ho-kwoit-etch-e-ye H; tche-hehsh' R, che-ish C, 'chahisHo341, /c 'eo(h)i oS

twenty-one. 'chahis 'chfmi 'chaa, or 'chzAhis tuk 'chwa g5hwaha Ho341;/c'ehi-s tuk c'ao.'ai kehehao SS

twilight. dJapia Ho342

twins. /xukkwa kikkdi SS

two. ho-quoi H. ho-kwa C, ho-kah R, hoka HH, hiuk'wa Ho341,/x~dkkwa-7

two hundred. huk'wait Achihis Ho341, /xuk a9.r 'eoc6ihi-s SS

U

ugly. kun-eh-kwoit H (cf. /klarikwkcci9 'bad')

uncle, maternal. apaki G35, uvppuvk Ho343, /sappak (also means 'man'ssister's child'); vocative /fappaka.naa SS

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uncle, maternal, dead. gegepaki G37

uncle, paternal. arodsa G35, I'ts Ho343, /<ar- c'i1 SS (also means'man's brother's child, mother's sister's husband, wife'ssister's child'); vocative /baru-c'axaPna.

uncle, paternal, dead. gegerotsi G37

uncle (father's sister's husband). kuya G36 (also means 'wife'sbrother's child')

uncle (father's sister's husband), dead. kuyaki G37

unmarried man. su'kwahapsi Ho343

unmarriedwoman. giaxhfapsi Ho343

up. gwaiyaga Ho342

up-creek. /1asu6* ra, SS,, /fukkwahu.ru"- SS

uphil11. /wahatdi CW

upper corner. kwikwaiaga Ho301

upriver (referring to the Klamath). wlruhikwi Ho301,/9fruhi.kwa.9 SS

upstream. /m * kwa- tdv

V

valley. hote-e-ter H, /ba(h)utt'iraq

vine spp. (Lonicera californica). hah-ni-ah ker-rits-wek, an-ne'-ah-ker-ritswa-ka -ah M; (Lonicera interrupta) ah'-te-de -d6 M

vomiting, he's. /kwfyu-kik FW

W:

wagon. /ga-weyru-ma. CW (lit., 'hauling')

waist,. /-7iya c 'ic 'i *k CW

waited for him, he. /kwe piru FW

wake up: he woke up. /kw ppakimpai FW (also translated 'he's openinghis eyes')

Page 53: A Shasta Vocabulary

walk, to. ta-shanri P, kut-ehko-is-ak H, cha-da-chis-ik CwalkA/kattak SShe's walking. /rattaka'- CW

warrior. kwish-mem-pa C, e-nee-hook-a-ni=c'h-tiic'h H

washing his face, he's. /kWiccukWire.ma FW

washing it, he's. /kWkccukWik CWiJ, FW

wasp. /'1tika-xao SS, /'atikaoxa. CW; /Iawassu9 SS

wasp, big black. te'-tso M

water. it-sah H, ut-sha' C, at-shah R, at'-sha P. a'tsa HH;atsa, atsya DLO; /?acca

water, sacred, which gave power. qipakehermpik C

water, towards. /9u.wak' ir6

water spirit. hika Ho327

waterdog (Triturus torosus). top'-kah, tap'-kah M; /tapka

we. wa-ka C, hoak-wa H, /c'a-kao~ C, FW

weasel (Putorius sp.). wah'-ne M

west. u-chup'-chit P

wet. /viccawakka

what? /ku.c'a'

wheat flour. /iiktissu (orig. "dried seeds")

when? /tua.wia Ci

where? /kura-xAo CW

whippoorwill (Phalaenoptilus sp.). ko-yil-ko, ho-yu.-ko, ho-

whistling, he's, /kWf,psasuo ik FW

white, it-tai-yew H, it-tai-yo C, it-ai'-yo P., itaiu HH.,itgayo9 DLO, /ftlao;yu'

white earth for face-paint. /ift'ay SS

white man. /paestin (from Chinook Jargon "Boston")

who? suk-a C. tuk-a H, /taka. CW

-took' M

;

Page 54: A Shasta Vocabulary

whole thing. tdjaahu6 Ho341, /c' a*ahu SS

why? /ku'c' .yawl CW

widow. watsetama G36 (also "widower,," or one who has lost a child)

wife. kahe G36. The word for '"woman" is commonly used: tar ixsi G36,yu-po ser-ri-chi C, tu-tritsh-a-ku-bit H., yapu tarI'chi Ho343,/yapui" tarfcti) SS Inzy wife'

wife, dead. kaheki, tarixsaiki G37

wildcat (Lynx fasciatus). itcho-wa, its'-wi' M; itchii B224, 16we DLO,/'ofcwey

wild parsley. /8axxayi

willow (Salix sp.). wah'-tak, wah'-ta, wah'-tah M; w6tte DLO, /watta9

wind. ais'-kah H. as-ka' C, as'-kah P. /"a&ska

wind's blowing. /kwa skik CW

wing. up-pah-choo-re H. aut-s'cho-di C (see 'feathers of eagle's wing')

winter. wah-kwe H, w~k-kwi C, wiikw! Ho342, /wakwl

Wintun Indian. /xatuk wi*wa

wolf (Canis sp.). che'wah, tse'-wah, itch-e'-wah M; it-chi-wa C,che-wah' H, {f.we DLO, /c'!Iwa

woman. kit-tai-kath-ya H. el'lich-a P. ser-ri-chi C, taritsi HH,tarl'chi Ho343, tarfEie DLO, /tarfc'i"; /-7&rapxa* (used withnames of nationality, e.g., /caniiarapxa'. 'Chinese woman')

wood. ee-nee C; awa DLO, /"aowa

woods. it-chi-ku-da-ho C

woodpecker, California (Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi). koo-ri'-tit M,/kureotat SS

woodpecker, Lewis (Asyndesmus torquatus). che'-taht M, /c'!tat

woodpecker, pileated (Ceophloeus sp.). tah'-koo-war'-rah, tahk-wah-kwahr M;/takkukwirv,

woodpecker, white-headed (Xenopicus sp.). choo'-too-so, cho'-tus M;/c 'uttussu

woodpecker scalp. /tarwoca

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Page 55: A Shasta Vocabulary

work, to. u'-ti-k Ik Phe's working, /kWrirakmake e CW, FW

worm. /c'uepir" SS

worm, acorn. /cfipi.s

worm, angle-. /6firmta-wa

wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris var. discolor). wasa Ho324

wren (Troglodytes sp.). ahch-tit'-tah-nah'-kah-kit M

Y

yawning, he's. /kW~ttirik FW

yellow. e-ho-tik C, ik-kwoi-too H

yellowhammer: see 'flicker'

yellowjacket. kee'-oo, ke'-yu M; ki-o C 'mosquito', /k'!.'-u.9

yellowjacket, small. /la.wassu? SS

yerba santa (Eriodiction glutinosum). mah'-poo'-wus M

yes. he-a C, ha'-a H. /hae.a. (both vowels nasalized)

yesterday. a'-duk C; kee-su H, /kf.sui

you (sg.). ma-yi P, mah'-i H, mai HH, /umhyvi* CWl

you (p1.). /ma kfi CW

your. me-mo C, /ma1mIo

youngo ut'-tu-kai-eh P., kai-ah-ho H., kai'-up-po C

Yreka. /kista