A Series of Negative Exposure Assessments Related to ... · A Series of Negative Exposure...

A Series of Negative Exposure A Series of Negative Exposure Assessments Related to Asbestos Assessments Related to Asbestos

Containing Components Still Used in Containing Components Still Used in Railroad Equipment TodayRailroad Equipment Today

-- PO108 PO108 --American Industrial Hygiene Association’s

66th Annual Conference and ExpositionMay 15 2006, Chicago, Illinois

F.W. Boelter, CIH, PEM.T. Weeks, CIH

C.E. Simmons, CIH

Boelter & Yates, Inc.Park Ridge, IL

Negative Exposure AssessmentNegative Exposure Assessment

29 C.F.R. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1926.1101(f)(2)(iii)1926.1101(f)(2)(iii)Objective dataObjective data

product or material or activityproduct or material or activitycannot exceed TWA and EL (8hr TWA 0.1f/cc, 30min EL 1f/cc) cannot exceed TWA and EL (8hr TWA 0.1f/cc, 30min EL 1f/cc) work conditions having the greatest potentialwork conditions having the greatest potential

Data collected during work operationsData collected during work operations““closely resemblingclosely resembling”” employer's current operationsemployer's current operations

processesprocessestype of materialtype of materialcontrol methodscontrol methodswork practiceswork practicesenvironmental conditionsenvironmental conditions

Employee training and experience Employee training and experience << current employeescurrent employeesCertainty employee exposures Certainty employee exposures << TWA and EL TWA and EL

TWA 0.1f/cc, EL 1f/ccTWA 0.1f/cc, EL 1f/cc

Assessment StrategyAssessment Strategy

Field observationField observationInterview individualsInterview individualsObserve work practicesObserve work practicesSelect representative activitiesSelect representative activitiesEvaluate exposuresEvaluate exposuresUse validated protocolsUse validated protocolsIf conducting a chamber studyIf conducting a chamber study

activities must representative ofactivities must representative ofsequencesequencetime and motiontime and motion

Data must be relevant, Data must be relevant, reproducible, and predictive. reproducible, and predictive.

Products, Materials, ActivitiesProducts, Materials, Activities

Basic CharacterizationBasic CharacterizationSuspect materialsSuspect materials

Interested in components of equipmentInterested in components of equipmentBuilding materials already inventoriedBuilding materials already inventoried

Bulk analysisBulk analysisWhen encounteredWhen encounteredBy whomBy whomDoing whatDoing what

Inventory of FindingsInventory of Findings

MaterialsMaterialsList of suspects was longList of suspects was longList of positive components was shortList of positive components was shortVisual identifiers were subtle to indistinguishableVisual identifiers were subtle to indistinguishableAll components were nonAll components were non--friable or encapsulated friable or encapsulated productsproductsAnticipated fiber release potential was lowAnticipated fiber release potential was low

NEA CandidatesNEA Candidates

““BakeliteBakelite””Relay rack terminal stripsRelay rack terminal stripsTransformer terminal stripsTransformer terminal stripsArc chutesArc chutes

MiscellaneousMiscellaneousArc padsArc pads

Wire & cableWire & cableAerial cableAerial cableMotor starter board wiringMotor starter board wiring

FrictionFrictionOutboard brakesOutboard brakesSwitch machine clutchesSwitch machine clutches

SEGs & NEAsSEGs & NEAs

““BakeliteBakelite””Task specificTask specificWith other activitiesWith other activities

FrictionFrictionField serviceField serviceShop rebuildShop rebuild

Motor BoardsMotor BoardsField installedField installedShop rebuildShop rebuild

CableCableOutdoorsOutdoorsIndoorsIndoors

““BakeliteBakelite””

Term used genericallyTerm used genericallyAnything that looks like a molded productAnything that looks like a molded product

Negative MaterialsNegative MaterialsPlastic or quasiPlastic or quasi--plastic looking brown or blackplastic looking brown or blackCut, sawn or snappedCut, sawn or snapped

Positive Materials Positive Materials -- 3030--65% chrysotile by PLM65% chrysotile by PLMNot actually Not actually ““BakeliteBakelite””Simply handledSimply handledNever cut, sawn or snappedNever cut, sawn or snapped

““BakeliteBakelite””

““BakeliteBakelite”” NEANEA

““BakeliteBakelite”” NEANEA

33COUNT

00.014S.D.

< 0.0060.037MEAN

< 0.0060.025MINIMUM

< 0.0060.053MAXIMUM

NIOSH 7402 TEM (Asbestos f/cc)8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

NIOSH 7400 PCM (Total f/cc)8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

StatisticalFunction

Full-Shift Personal Samples

2020COUNT

00.030S.D.

< 0.0450.074MEAN

< 0.045< 0.045MINIMUM

< 0.0450.139MAXIMUM

NIOSH 7402 TEM (Asbestos f/cc)30-Minute Personal Samples

NIOSH 7400 PCM (Total f/cc)30-Minute Personal Samples

Statistical Function

Excursion Limit (aka STEL) Personal Samples

Friction MaterialsFriction Materials

Generally holds something in place Generally holds something in place Brake shoes on motor drumBrake shoes on motor drum

Solenoid releasedSolenoid releasedOften never replaced over life of machineOften never replaced over life of machineField adjusted Field adjusted Possibly replaced but not relinedPossibly replaced but not relinedNDND--65% chrysotile by PLM65% chrysotile by PLM

Clutch w/ fiber discsClutch w/ fiber discsAlways Always ““engagedengaged””Slips to protect machineSlips to protect machineMaybe field replaced but never field servicedMaybe field replaced but never field serviced

Open and close controller w/ arc pad (pad never replaced)Open and close controller w/ arc pad (pad never replaced)Shop rebuilt occasionallyShop rebuilt occasionallyNDND--80% chrysotile by PLM80% chrysotile by PLM

Friction MaterialsFriction Materials

Friction Materials NEA 1Friction Materials NEA 1


22COUNT

< 0.0000.006S.D.

< 0.0060.020MEAN

< 0.0060.016MINIMUM

< 0.0060.024MAXIMUM

NIOSH 7402 TEM – (Asbestos f/cc) 8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

NIOSH 7400 PCM (total f/cc)8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

StatisticalFunction


88COUNT

0.0000.009S.D.

< 0.0450.050MEAN

< 0.045<0.045MINIMUM

< 0.0450.065MAXIMUM

NIOSH 7402 TEM – (Asbestos f/cc) 30-Minute Personal Samples

NIOSH 7400 PCM (total f/cc)30-Minute Personal Samples




22COUNT

0.0020.011S.D.

0.0070.037MEAN

<0.0060.029MINIMUM

0.0090.044MAXIMUM


NIOSH 7400 PCM (total f/cc)8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

StatisticalFunction


1818COUNT

0.0000.015S.D.

< 0.0450.050MEAN

< 0.045<0.045MINIMUM

< 0.0450.106MAXIMUM


NIOSH 7400 PCM (total f/cc)30-Minute Personal Samples



Motor Control Board MaterialsMotor Control Board Materials

InIn--Field, replace entire panelField, replace entire panelIn Shop, scavenged for partsIn Shop, scavenged for parts

Handle backing boardHandle backing board75% chrysotile by PLM75% chrysotile by PLM

Replace wiringReplace wiringInsulation 35Insulation 35--55% chrysotile by PLM55% chrysotile by PLM

Handle arc chutesHandle arc chutesNDND--50% chrysotile by PLM50% chrysotile by PLM


33COUNT

00.002S.D.

< 0.0060.015MEAN

< 0.0060.013MINIMUM

< 0.0060.016MAXIMUM


NIOSH 7400 PCM (Total f/cc)8-Hour TWA Personal Samples

StatisticalFunction


1414COUNT

00.003S.D.

< 0.0450.046MEAN

< 0.045< 0.045MINIMUM

< 0.0450.053MAXIMUM





Cable MaterialsCable Materials

Aerial CableAerial CableWoven clothWoven clothManipulate, cut, stripManipulate, cut, strip

No visual differences between positive and negativeNo visual differences between positive and negativeMultiple layersMultiple layersNDND--70% chrysotile by PLM70% chrysotile by PLM

Work is done indoors and out of doorsWork is done indoors and out of doorsUnventilated bungalowsUnventilated bungalows


55COUNT

00S.D.

< 0.045< 0.045MEAN

< 0.045< 0.045MINIMUM

< 0.045< 0.045MAXIMUM

Asbestos f/cc 30-Minute Personal Samples*



Excursion Limit (aka STEL) Personal SamplesCloth-Woven Cable Cutting and Stripping - Outdoors

66COUNT

0.0520.101S.D.

0.0700.189MEAN

< 0.0450.065MINIMUM

0.0750.323MAXIMUM

NIOSH 7402 TEM (Asbestos f/cc) 30-Minute Personal Samples



Excursion Limit (aka STEL) Personal SamplesCloth-Woven Cable Cutting and Stripping – Inside

ConclusionsConclusionsVariety of asbestos containing, nonVariety of asbestos containing, non--friable, friable, encapsulated, nonencapsulated, non--building material building material components still used or encountered in components still used or encountered in railroad operationsrailroad operationsOften asbestos containing and nonOften asbestos containing and non--asbestos asbestos containing components are indistinguishablecontaining components are indistinguishableNone of the activities performed with these None of the activities performed with these components results in significant exposurescomponents results in significant exposuresHigh degree of confidence exceedance of High degree of confidence exceedance of OSHA PEL (TWA 0.1f/cc, EL 1f/cc) will not OSHA PEL (TWA 0.1f/cc, EL 1f/cc) will not occuroccur

A Series of Negative Exposure A Series of Negative Exposure Assessments Related to Asbestos Assessments Related to Asbestos Containing Components Still Used Containing Components Still Used

in Railroad Equipment Todayin Railroad Equipment Today

Fred W. Boelter, CIH, PEFred W. Boelter, CIH, PEBoelter & Yates, Inc.Boelter & Yates, Inc.Park Ridge, IllinoisPark Ridge, Illinois

847/692847/692--47004700fboelter@[email protected]

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