A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTM.M.Aznee Ahamed 8C15.06.2010.

Content Eco-system. Natural aquatic environments. Natural terrestrial environments. Natural grass lands.

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Eco-system There are different environment in Sri

Lanka. We call that as Eco-system Diversity All organisms in an area with their inter

relationship with non-living environment is called an ecosystem.

Climate diversity is the reason for ecosystem diversity in Sri Lanka.

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Environment

Natural Artificial

Aquatic Terrestrial Agriculture Industrial Human Settlements

Rivers

Estuaries

Lagoons

Riverine

Inland waters

Ocean

Forest

Grass lands

Tropical Rain Forest

Dry Mixed Ever Green

Thorny shrubs and woods

Montene Forest

Wet patanas

Dry patanas

Villus

Wet grass land

Damana and Talawe

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Natural Aquatic Environment Rivers Rivers are fresh water environments. Most rivers are begin at the high

grounds of central hills and end up in the sea.

In the upper region water in a river is,

Pure, clear, fast and highly oxygenated.

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When the rivers falls down following things happen, flow rate decreases gets mixed with silt and mud, becomes unclear.

When a river reaches the costal line following things happen, flow rate decreases, a lot of silt and sediments are added, looks muddy.

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Bio-diversity is not high as in forest, but rivers also show a bio-diversity.

There are different organisms adapted to live specially in rivers. E.g.: Trout can survive only in unpolluted water. This is found in water bodies in Nuwara-Eliya.

There are 81 species of inland fish in Sri Lanka. Out of them 29 species are endemic.

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Use of rivers Provide water for daily needs. Provide water for agriculture. To generate hydro-electricity. As a medium of transport . Provide habitats for aquatic plants and

animals to live.

Pollution of rivers Industrial waste, destruction forest. Throwing dead bodies, sand mining. Dumping garbage, additional oil.

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Estuaries The place where a river falls into the

sea is called estuary. There is a mixure of pure water and

saline water in an estuary. When a river falls reaches an estuary,

it broadens and divides into brands. There are triangular shaped deposits

near estuaries, they are known as “deltas”

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Delta’s contains sediments and silt. They prevent mixing of sea water with

fresh water. There is a great bio diversity than rivers. Economically important fish can be

found in estuaries. E.g.: salmon.

• we can find different types of organisms in an estuary, fresh water migrants. marine species. permanent inhabitants.

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Lagoons Contain brackish water. Do not have permanent connection to

the sea. Separated from the sea by sand dunes. Rich in bio-diversity. Good fishery ground. Rich in prawns, crabs and small fishes. Mangrove can be found. They prevent

sea erosion.

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Lagoons get polluted due to the following reasons, development of towns. industrial and domestic waste. tourist industry.

Following things should be done to protect lagoons, proper disposal of garbage. Not using destructive methods for fishing minimizing the addition of oil, soap etc...

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Riverines Flood plains found on either side of a

river are called riverines. Contain silt, mud and other organic

sediments brought by flood. During dry season riverines could be

used for cultivation because they have rich soil.

Clay obtained from riverines can be used for, pottery industry, brick industry, tile industry.

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Inland waters Natural ponds and lakes are inland waters Inland waters provide aquatic organisms

with food, breeding ground, habitat, protection.

Animals and plants live in inland waters are frogs, toads, fish, hydrilla, reptiles, etc.

Inland waters are important as they, provide water for daily needs. provide water for agriculture. have valuable medicinal plants.

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Ocean About ¾ of the earth is covered by

ocean. Has a high salinity so we can’t take

ocean water for drinking. It provides habitats for many

organisms starfish, jelly fish, coral polyps, sea anemone, tuna, algae, etc.

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Use of oceans Food production using marine plants. Producing pharmaceutical drugs, tooth

pastes and paints [Algae and diatoms are used]

A good source of various salt, common salt [sodium chloride NaH] epsum salt [magnesium sulphate-Mg Spa]

To generate electricity using tides and sea waves.

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Natural terrestrial environments Tropical Rain Forest

Situated 900m above the sea level. Annual rail fall is 2000mm. Temperature is high. Trees are, Tall [about 40m]

Thickly branched. Form a canopy.

Show a stratification. Found in: Sinharaja, Kithulgala, Kanneliya. Plants are: Dipterocarpus [Hora], Berriya

[halimilla], Keena, Kalcel, Nadun, Ferns.

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Montane Forest Situated 900m above the sea level. Annual rail fall is 4000mm. Temperature is low. Trees are, Short and Stanted.

Trunks are twisted. No stratification. Form a flat canopy.

Found in: Pithuruthalagala, Adam’s peak, Knukles range, Horton planes, Kikiliya manna.

Plants are: Lichens, Epiphytes, Mosses.

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Dry Mixed Ever Green Frost

Situated 900m above the sea level in the dry zone.

Annual rail fall is 1250-1900mm. Temperature is above 30 degrees. Trees are, Roots penetrating deep into soil.

Short thick barks. Twisted trunk. Perennial and deciduous. No stratification.

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Thorny Shrubs And Woods Situated in the North West and South

East arid zones. Annual rail fall is 1250mm. Temperature is high [above 34 degrees] Leaves are become thorns, fleshy and

green colored stem, stems contain latex. Found in: Madhu, Vilpathu, Kilinochi,

Mannor, Hambantote, Mullaithieve.

Plants are: Cactus, Aloe, Cassurina.

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Natural Grass Lands Wet Patanas

Situated 2000m above the sea level. Annual rain fall is high. Trees are similar to montane forest type. Soil is rich in humus. Can be Found in: Bogawanthalawa, sita

eliya, Moon plane, Bopaththalawa, Horton planes, Elk plane.

Plants are: Rhodo denron [Maha rathmal] Usnea [Old man’s beared], Cyperus, Pteridum [A fern]

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Dry Patanas More spread than wet patanas. There are small patches of forest in valleys. The rest of the areas is covered with

Mana [Cymbopogan Nardus] During dry season these grasses catch fire So, the soil get exposed to rain water. This result in soil erosion.

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Damana And Talawe A result of Chena cultivation. Grass lands in low country dry zone are

damana. Grass lands in low country wet zone are

called talawe. Plants are: Mana, Iluk, Cane, Wood

apple, Palu, Myla, Madan. Animals are: Deers, Buffaloes, Elephants. Can be Found in: Polonnaruwa,

Weligandha, Kalutara district, Trincomalee

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Villus

Wet grass lands found in flood plains of river in the dry zone.

Formed in lake, pond and other large water bodies.

Very fertile ecosystem. Show a great bio diversity. Animals are: Elephant, deer, buffaloes,

pea cock jungle fowl, etc….

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After the rainy season they get filled with aquatic plant this has becomes a tourist attraction.

Villus filled with fish could be used for cattle farming.

The most expensive Villus in Sri Lanka could be found in flood plains of Mahaweli river.

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Wet land Located at the lower levels than the other

water bodies. Water from the other areas flow into these

and collect there. Water levels of the soil is very high. As soil as absorb the maximum amount of

water, excess water remains on the surface.

Can be found in: Muthurajawela, Bundala, Attidiya, Bellanwila.

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Act as a sponge

for water

Act as a sponge

for water

Remove Poisonouspollution

Remove Poisonouspollution

Improve Naturalbeauty

Improve Naturalbeauty

Provide aHabitat for

Wild life

Provide aHabitat for

Wild life

Wet landmarshes

Wet landmarshes

They are considered as important ecosystem. Because,

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Done By Aznee Ahamed

THANK YOU