A Retrospective Study of the C.O.P.L.O.W. Collection, 1994-2009

Scott R. Earnest

COPLOW archive includes slides, paraffin-embedded tissue, case submission information, and pathology reports.

Computer database allows us to search entire collection (29000 cases) by diagnosis, breed, age, sex, or case number. Recent improvements in our digital record keeping make it ever more possible to launch broad retrospective studies.

This Study: 6110 cases of canine primary ocular neoplasia submitted to COPLOW from 1994-2009.

Present statistical breakdown according to:1. Anatomic location2. Type of tumor3. Raw number of tumors by breed4. Breed predilection for specific tumors (using an odds ratio calculation to

correct for overrepresentation of common breeds).

Globe, 3225, 53%

Conjunctiva, 1192, 19%

Eyelid, 1408, 23%

Orbit, 285, 5%

Anatomic Distribution of Canine Primary Ocular Neoplasia (n = 6110)

1343

919

664

224

168

134

134

134

114

103

103

84

84

77

75

2123

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

German Shepherd

Standard Poodle

Boxer

Beagle

Rottweiler

Shih Tzu

Basset Hound

Miniature Schnauzer

Siberian Husky

Shetland Sheep Dog

Doberman Pinscher

"Other"

Breed Distribution in Study PopulationB

ree

d

Number of Dogs

2216

836

64

40

32

27

10

0 1000 2000 3000

Melanoma

Iridociliary Epithelial Tumor

Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue-Eyed Dogs

Corneal SCC

Glioma

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Other

Canine Primary Tumors of the Globe (n = 3225)

Globe, 3225, 53%

Not Globe, 2885, 47%

Tumors of the globe make up 3225 out of 6110 total neoplasms - 53%.

493355

22885

56514945

363533323229272220

588

0 200 400 600 800

Mixed BreedLabrador Retriever

Golden RetrieverGerman Shepherd

BeagleMiniature Schnauzer

Cocker SpanielBoxer

RottweilerDoberman Pinscher

Standard PoodleAiredale

Shetland Sheep DogDachshund

Basset HoundSchnauzer

Lhasa Apso"Other"

Number of Cases

K9 Globe Melanoma & Melanocytoma (n=2216)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the Airedale in Melanocytoma.

Airedale: 6x the general population frequency for Melanocytoma

Breed Predilection in Melanoma and Melanocytoma of the Globe

Our data also reveals a significant lack of Siberian Huskies with melanocytic tumors of the globe.

Siberian Husky: 12x less frequent than the general population

173

165

132

25

21

21

12

12

10

265

0 100 200 300

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Beagle

German Shepherd

Cocker Spaniel

Basset Hound

Shih Tzu

Jack Russell Terrier

"Other"

Number of Cases

Iridociliary Epithelial Tumors (n=836)

30

16

7

4

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Siberian Husky

Mixed Breed

Australian Shepherd

Catahoula Leopard Dog

"Other"

Number of Cases

Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue Eyed Dogs (n=64)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates Siberian Huskies and Australian Shepherds in the Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue Eyed Dogs.

Siberian Husky: 98x the general population frequency

Australian Shepherd: 12x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue Eyed Dogs

14

4

4

2

2

2

2

2

8

0 5 10 15

Pug

Bulldog

Shih Tzu

Border Collie

English Bulldog

Golden Retriever

Pekingese

Mixed Breed

"Other"

Number of Cases

Corneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n=40)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the Pug in Corneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Pug: 61x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Corneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

8

3

2

2

12

0 5 10 15

Mixed Breed

Beagle

Cocker Spaniel

Labrador Retriever

Other

Number of Cases

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (n=27)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7N

um

ber

of

Ca

ses

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Age Distribution

Age

220

204

163

156

152

110

85

52

39

11

0 50 100 150 200 250

Reactive Papilloma

Melanoma

Hemangioma

Hemangiosarcoma

Tumor of the Third Eyelid Gland

Squamous Papilloma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Mast Cell Tumor

Viral Papilloma

Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Canine Primary Conjunctival Tumors(n = 1192)

Conjunctiva, 1192, 20%

Not Conjunctiva,

4918, 80%

Tumors of the conjunctiva make up 1192 out of 6110 total neoplasms - 20%.

39

29

28

20

8

7

6

83

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

Lhasa Apso

Shih Tzu

Pug

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Reactive Papilloma (n=220)

Lhasa Apso: 4x the general population frequency

42

24

24

15

8

8

7

76

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Labrador Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

German Shepherd

Rottweiler

Shar-Pei

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Melanoma (n=204)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the German Shepherd in Limbal Melanocytoma.

German Shepherd: 4x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Limbal Melanocytoma (n=255)

12

11

11

10

9

8

8

6

4

4

4

4

73

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Australian Shepherd

Beagle

Border Collie

Basset Hound

Boxer

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

English Setter

Australian Cattle Dog

German Shepherd

Golden Retriever

Great Pyrenees

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Hemangiosarcoma (n=156)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the Border Collie, Australian Shepherd, English Setter, Basset Hound, Beagle, and Boxer in Conjunctival Hemangiosarcoma.

Border Collie: 10x the general population frequencyAustralian Shepherd: 9x the general population frequencyEnglish Setter: 8x the general population frequencyBasset Hound: 4.5x the general population frequencyBeagle: 3.5x the general population frequencyBoxer: 3x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Conjunctival Hemangiosarcoma

41

13

11

10

7

5

5

4

4

52

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

Golden Retriever

Dachshund

Beagle

Siberian Husky

Boxer

Poodle

"Other"

Number of Cases

Tumor of the Third Eyelid Gland (n=152)

17

15

11

7

4

3

3

3

3

44

0 10 20 30 40 50

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Shih Tzu

Lhasa Apso

Beagle

Boston Terrier

English Springer Spaniel

Kerry Blue Terrier

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Squamous Papilloma (n=110)

9

7

7

5

5

4

4

44

0 10 20 30 40 50

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Pug

Boxer

Cocker Spaniel

Labrador Retriever

Shih Tzu

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n=85)

14

12

4

3

2

17

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Basset Hound

German Shepherd

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Mast Cell Tumor (n=52)

8

4

4

2

2

2

2

15

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Labrador Retriever

French Bulldog

Norwegian Elkhound

Pug

Rhodesian Ridgeback

"Other"

Number of Cases

Conjunctival Viral Papilloma (n=39)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Viral Papilloma Age Distribution

Age

Num

be

r o

f Cas

es

505

482

149

107

63

40

22

15

25

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Meibomian Gland Adenoma

Meibomian Gland Epithelioma

Melanoma

Sebaceous Gland Tumor

Mast Cell Tumor

Histiocytoma

Spindle Cell Tumor

Plasmacytoma

Other

Canine Primary Eyelid Tumors (n = 1408)

Eyelid, 1408, 23%

Not Eyelid, 4702, 77%

Tumors of the eyelid make up 1408 out of 6110 total neoplasms - 23%.

101

67

52

28

16

13

12

11

11

10

184

0 50 100 150 200

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

Pug

Standard Poodle

Siberian Husky

Shih Tzu

Rottweiler

German Shepherd

"Other"

Number of Cases

Meibomian Gland Adenoma (n=505)

96

95

31

26

26

23

12

173

0 50 100 150 200

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

Cocker Spaniel

Shih Tzu

Standard Poodle

Golden Retriever

West Highland White Terrier

"Other"

Number of Cases

Meibomian Gland Epithelioma (n=482)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the Shih Tzu, the Standard Poodle and the Cocker Spaniel in Meibomian Gland Tumors.

Shih Tzu: 3x the general population frequency

Standard Poodle: 2.15x the general population frequency

Cocker Spaniel: 1.75x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Meibomian Gland Tumors

30

15

11

10

6

5

4

4

4

60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Labrador Retriever

Vizsla

Doberman Pinscher

Beagle

Brittany Spaniel

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

Rottweiler

"Other"

Number of Cases

Eyelid Melanoma (n=149)

After using an odds ratio calculation to correct for the overrepresentation of popular breeds in our study, our data implicates the Viszla and the Doberman Pinscher in Eyelid Melanoma.

Viszla: 18x the general population frequency

Doberman Pinscher: 3.5x the general population frequency

Breed Predilection in Eyelid Melanoma

22

18

12

9

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

31

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

Golden Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

West Highland White Terrier

English Springer Spaniel

German Shepherd

Miniature Poodle

Pug

Shetland Sheep Dog

Shih Tzu

"Other"

Number of Cases

Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Tumor (n=107)

16

12

8

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

12

0 5 10 15 20

Mixed Breed

Labrador Retriever

Golden Retriever

Basset Hound

Boston Terrier

Boxer

Cocker Spaniel

German Shepherd

Miniature Schnauzer

Pug

"Other"

Number of Cases

Eyelid Mast Cell Tumor (n=63)

8

4

4

3

2

2

2

15

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Mixed Breed

Boxer

Labrador Retriever

Bichon Frise

Cairn Terrier

Jack Russell Terrier

Miniature Poodle

"Other"

Number of Cases

Eyelid Histiocytoma (n=40)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Age

Nu

mb

er o

f C

ase

sHistiocytoma Age Distribution (n=40)

97

41

25

19

19

17

17

12

38

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Meningioma

Lobular Orbital Adenoma

Other Sarcomas

Osteosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma

Salivary Gland Tumor

Lacrimal Adenocarcinoma

Liposarcoma

Other

Canine Tumors of the Orbit (n = 285)

Orbit, 285, 5%

Not Orbit, 5825, 95%

Tumors of the orbit make up 285 out of 6110 total neoplasms - 5%.

8

7

6

5

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

46

0 10 20 30 40 50

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

Boxer

Chihuahua

Golden Retriever

Australian Shepherd

Bichon Frise

Boston Terrier

Dachshund

German Shepherd

Poodle

Yorkshire Terrier

"Other"

Number of Cases

Orbital Meningioma (n=97)

Our data implicates the Chihuahua in Orbital Meningioma, but the sample size is too small to apply the odds ratio statistics in a meaningful way.

Breed Predilection in Orbital Meningioma

9

4

4

3

19

0 5 10 15 20

Labrador Retriever

Mixed Breed

Samoyed

Dachshund

"Other"

Number of Cases

Lobular Orbital Adenoma (n=41)

Our data implicates the Samoyed in Lobular Orbital Adenoma, but the sample size is too small to apply the odds ratio statistics in a meaningful way.

Breed Predilection in Lobular Orbital Adenoma

3

3

2

2

9

0 2 4 6 8 10

Golden Retriever

Labrador Retriever

Cocker Spaniel

Mixed Breed

"Other"

Number of Cases

Orbital Osteosarcoma (n=19)

Conclusions

While there may not be a lot of surprises here for those of you who have been in the field a while, we’re excited to put concrete numbers and

statistics on paper.

The ever-more realized database capabilities of the C.O.P.L.O.W. lab make greater use of the massive collection of tissues and data.

We hope to dig deeper and to work from new angles in the years to come.

Special Thanks

Dr. Richard Dubielzig & Dr. Cindy Bell and all of my coworkers at C.O.P.L.O.W.

Credit for clinical, gross and histologic photos goes to RRD, several generations of C.O.P.L.O.W. fellows, and several of our referring

ophthalmologists.