A REGULAR MEETING OF LEELANAU CLEAN WATER (LCW) …...an ad in the enterprise about LCW. Karner...

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1 A REGULAR MEETING OF LEELANAU CLEAN WATER (LCW) WAS HELD AT 9:00 AM ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2016 IN THE COMMUNITY MEETING ROOM OF THE LEELANAU COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER, SUTTONS BAY, MICHIGAN 1. Call to Order Rob Karner called the meeting to order at 9:04 AM. Welcome & Introductions Rob Karner, GLA, Leelanau School (B) Hugh Farber, Lake Leelanau Lake Assn. (B) Buzz Long, Leelanau Conservation District (B) Tom Fountain, BenzieLeelanau Health Dept. (B) Carolan Sonderegger, Grand Traverse Band (B) Yarrow Brown, Leelanau Conservancy (B) Steve Christensen, Drain Commissioner (B) Sarah U’Ren, The Watershed Center (B) (9:50 AM) Public: Stacy Daniels Gary Anderson Staff: Laura Lassaline, Planning Secretary 2. Consideration of Agenda Sondregger mentioned she needed to leave by 10 AM and requested to move any voting items ahead in the agenda. The agenda was approved as modified by consensus. 3. Consideration of April 21, 2016 Minutes It was moved by Farber, seconded by Long to approve the minutes as presented. Motion carried 70. 4. Public Comments – none 5. Staff Comments Lassaline noted that there is $1,820 left in the 2016 budget, plus another $200 in stamps. Karner asked for 2017 Budget and Lassaline said she would have Holappa bring that to the next meeting. She also mentioned that the final HHW Collection for the year would be held October 8th at Cherry Bend Community Park in Elmwood Township and to contact the Planning Department if anyone is interested in volunteering or dropping items off. 6. Presentation Dr. Stacy Leroy Daniels A Map; A Plan; A Canal; a Beach The “Tragedy” / “Comedy” of Crystal Lake! Dr. Stacy Daniels is the author of the book “The Comedy of Crystal Lake”. The book was written as a sequel to “The Tragedy of Crystal Lake” by William Case in 1922 a story of the dam that was attempted in Crystal Lake to form a canal to Lake Michigan, with various consequences. There is an update of the book available on the table. Daniels said the sequence of events leading to his story were serendipitous. He referenced an 1873 map

Transcript of A REGULAR MEETING OF LEELANAU CLEAN WATER (LCW) …...an ad in the enterprise about LCW. Karner...

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A REGULAR MEETING OF LEELANAU CLEAN WATER (LCW) WAS HELD AT 9:00 AM ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2016 IN THE COMMUNITY MEETING ROOM OF THE LEELANAU COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER, 

SUTTONS BAY, MICHIGAN  1. Call to Order  Rob Karner called the meeting to order at 9:04 AM.  

Welcome & Introductions  Rob Karner, GLA, Leelanau School (B)       Hugh Farber, Lake Leelanau Lake Assn. (B)   Buzz Long, Leelanau Conservation District (B) Tom Fountain, Benzie‐Leelanau Health Dept. (B) Carolan Sonderegger, Grand Traverse Band (B) Yarrow Brown, Leelanau Conservancy (B) Steve Christensen, Drain Commissioner (B) Sarah U’Ren, The Watershed Center (B) (9:50 AM)  Public: Stacy Daniels Gary Anderson  Staff: Laura Lassaline, Planning Secretary  2. Consideration of Agenda Sondregger mentioned she needed to leave by 10 AM and requested to move any voting items ahead in the agenda. The agenda was approved as modified by consensus.  3. Consideration of April 21, 2016 Minutes It was moved by Farber, seconded by Long to approve the minutes as presented. Motion carried 7‐0.  4. Public Comments – none 

  5. Staff Comments Lassaline noted that there is $1,820 left in the 2016 budget, plus another $200 in stamps. Karner asked for 2017 Budget and Lassaline said she would have Holappa bring that to the next meeting. She also mentioned that the final HHW Collection for the year would be held October 8th at Cherry Bend Community Park in Elmwood Township and to contact the Planning Department if anyone is interested in volunteering or dropping items off.   6. Presentation Dr. Stacy Leroy Daniels A Map; A Plan; A Canal; a Beach ‐ The “Tragedy” / “Comedy” of 

Crystal Lake!  Dr. Stacy Daniels is the author of the book “The Comedy of Crystal Lake”. The book was written as a sequel to “The Tragedy of Crystal Lake” by William Case in 1922 ‐ a story of the dam that was attempted in Crystal Lake to form a canal to Lake Michigan, with various consequences. There is an update of the book available on the table. Daniels said the sequence of events leading to his story were serendipitous. He referenced an 1873 map 

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from Benzie County River Improvement Company, it was found in the wall of an old farmhouse from where it resided from 1870‐1980. It was donated to a museum and sat in their catalog for another 25 yrs.   Archibald Jones formed the Benzie County River Improvement Company in 1873 with the intent of building the dam to lower Crystal Lake by 5 ft. Some of the main goals of the company were to purchase lands on Crystal Lake to secure and improve lots for business; open a passage for boats between Betsy River and Crystal Lake; remove navigational obstructions on the river; and build a steamboat for transportation of passengers and freight. The steam boat was actually more of a flat boat, about 12 ft wide. Jones had 3 surveyors working for the company but no climatologist.  The most severe storm in the history of the weather bureau (only 2 years old at the time), hit and the massive waves knocked out the dam. Instead of the intended 5 ft drop, the lake level dropped 20 ft.  In his writing of “The Tragedy of Crystal Lake” Case cast Jones as ambitious but with an ill conceived plan resulting in the drastic drop of lake levels. Daniels wrote him as a hero, describing how the drop increased beach area by 583 acres, bringing in the railroad, telegraph and telephone, resorts and cottages, eventually making the area a big tourist destination.   Daniels showed a few maps of Crystal Lake and the surrounding area. The lack of harbors along western Michigan led to many places being discovered and the need for canals to be developed. Crystal Lake is the 9th largest lake in Michigan. Daniels described it like a bathtub on a hill as it is located 600ft above sea level, which is 23 ft above Lake Michigan. That is one of the main reasons they wanted a canal there, they would never have to pump water uphill.  Daniels talked about some commonalities between the Crystal Lake Dam and the Leland Dam. Both lakes are glacial Embayments and both dams had successes and failures. Crystal Lake’s was built in 1873, Leland in 1854, then rebuilt in 1867. There were 6 temporary dams put in place at Crystal Lake. A permanent dam was put into place there in 1911 and in Leland in 1909. Some of the main differences are that Crystal Lake dropped 20 ft with placement of the dam while the lake raised 12 ft in Leland. Also the Leland Dam combined 3 lakes while Crystal is still just one large lake. A very small minority agree the lake levels have always been right.  Daniels briefly talked about the geography of Crystal Lake. It is a former embayment of the glacial Lake Algonquin, and was isolated by the dunes at the isthmus of Point Betsie.  Speaking again about the map found in the wall of the old farmhouse, Daniels mentioned it was specifically made for Benzie County River Improvement company and was probably put in the wall for insulation.  The map showed 3 potential routes for the canal from Crystal Lake to Lake Michigan. Because of their close proximity the shortest route would have been from the west side of Crystal to near the Point Betsie lighthouse. However they decided against this route because they wanted the canal to go through a better area for farming and goods, also the land around the lighthouse was unavailable.   A route to the north was also considered because there was a lot of logging around there but the land was too flat for the canal. The route through the Betsie River is what was attempted and where the tragedy occurred. The water drained into swamp land and through the river, delaying a few weeks before hitting Lake Michigan and thankfully not drowning Frankfurt.  Daniels showed a picture of the dam that was eventually completed in 1912, with a picture of Jones’ 3 grandchildren standing on top. Daniels and Jones’ great great great granddaughter added a marker to Jones’ 

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tomb, stating “He builded better than he knew.” He also showed a picture of a historical marker with a short biography of Archibald Jones and the Benzie County River Improvement Company. The marker was dedicated at the Crystal Lake Outlet in August of 2015.  Daniels showed examples of what the dam looks like when the water is high, low, and just right. He mentioned there is a lake level gauge on a post, and a line that goes out about 100ft. It records the temperature about every 15 minutes and can also record whether it is sunny or cloudy that day. Farber asked if the lake level is set by court order. Daniels replied yes. There are multiple jurisdictions involved.  The drain commissioner operates the level, road commission owns the lake, DNR owns property around the dam, and the lake association owns the gauge.  Christensen asked if changing levels was originally done by stop logs and Daniels said yes, but now it is more computerized.   Farber stated he got the impression early in the presentation that lowering the lake was done for tourism purposes, but later it sounded like the dam built for logging, he wondered what he missed.  Daniels clarified the original intent was to lower the lake 5 ft for pioneers and farmers, Jones never used the word tourism. The 1870’s were a busy time in Michigan with a lot of people settling in the area. He briefly discussed some of the logging that still goes on, which may not all be quite legal.  Anderson asked if the dam was put in before the first logging, and Daniels said the lowering of the lake probably prompted the first main cutting in the 1880’s‐90’s.   Karner thanked Daniels.   7. Unfinished Business  Karner mentioned that members should have received an e‐mail from Holappa with a link to myshorelandstewards.org, a website that was created by 13 lakes associations that met with representatives of DEQ and were given some grant money from Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council.  The website has two aspects – the first is basically an owner’s manual to give riparians a chance to learn what the rules are to be lake friendly, and to learn what they can and cannot do to preserve water quality. The other is a series of 14 questions to answer and based on score participants fall into one of four categories – gold, silver, bronze, or no medal. Plaques displaying the earned medal are available for purchase to display on the property.  The lake associations are promoting this on their websites, Karner wondered how else we can promote it we LCW agrees we should. One suggestion was to put it in a newsletter. (U’Ren in at 9:40 am) He mentioned the lake guardian term limit is 2 yrs, one of the things the lake association is doing is asking folks to take this test before renewing their term.  Karner would like to use the money from our budget (1820 + stamps) to send out a mailing promoting the program. He passed around a postcard that was already designed by Tip of Mitt. Karner requested a motion, so we can discuss this and other options for spending money.  Farber asked if this has been utilized elsewhere. Karner replied yes, but this is a new program and their isn’t a lot of data yet. Fountain commented that LCW is about education and this program is about education, he thinks it would be good to promote.  

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Karner again called for motion.  It was moved by Sonderegger, seconded by Long, to approve the use of LCW funds to mail the postcards to county riparians.  Discussion: Farber asked when the e‐mail was sent to members. Karner said it was about a month ago. He spoke about the septic mailing we did in previous years. We spent about $500 on that. This is a parallel project. Not something we've never done before.  Karner asked if there are competing projects anyone else wants.  Fountain asked if the unspent money from our budget carries over to next year, and Karner answered no. Fountain asked when the funds expire. Karner replied Dec 31.   Anderson wondered if we should get this in the Enterprise. Karner said yes that could be done, but this is pretty keyed in for people who live on the inland lakes. The guide and questions are based on backlot, buffer, shoreline, and underwater, all things that pertain to being shoreland stewards.   Farber asked if anyone has come up with a way to determine the efficacy of these programs. U’Ren said she thought the program creators have been thinking about all that. This is a statewide initiative they have been working on for 2 years. U’Ren was one of the people to take the test before it went live. She remembers seeing an e‐mail from Julia Kirkwood summarizing how many hits the website had, how many people took the test, whether they filled it out anonymously, etc. So there are ways to track those numbers.  Karner stated that personally, some questions reminded him of what he should/shouldn't be doing. Fountain agreed, this is educational, plus there is a little peer pressure from neighbors. What we do on our land stays in the water for 32 yrs.  Sonderegger left the meeting at 10:05 am – in approval of mailing  Farber asked if there is any way we could put a note about LCW in with the mailing. He also suggested putting an ad in the enterprise about LCW. Karner thinks there is room on the postcard – there is space for lake association logos, we could put a little tag line there “This program is being represented by LCW – your county rep”. Members liked that idea.  Brown asked about the price for an ad in Enterprise. Farber said it would depend on size/color. Long mentioned the fall color book. Brown asked if they would just write an article, members commented that has been hard to get done in the past.  Anderson mentioned there could be some backlash from those who have green lawns down to lake. Karner discussed a situation where some new homeowners had put in a turf lawn and artificial sand beach, basically everything riparians shouldn’t do. He hoped that maybe the website could help prevent those types of situations. Long commented he owns property around a small lake in Cadillac with relatives, and there are some conflicts on what to be done, he would like for them all to take the test.   

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Karner thought the website will have some shelf life, we may even want to promote this again.  Farber asked about timeline and getting data back. Christensen mentioned snowbirds, Karner was hoping we could get this out by mid‐October, but there are several factors involved. U’Ren said we could send Kirkwood an e‐mail to ask for data.  Long asked if there were any other ideas for money. Brown said no, but if there is any extra we should get an ad out. She likes this idea for this year but is not sure how effective a mailing is, would like to think of more creative ways for spending funds next year.  Farber thought we should see if we can get an ad in the paper just before mailing. Fountain suggested lake associations e‐mailing members as well. Karner suggested maybe seeing if the TV news would do a story. Karner asked how much we should earmark for ads. Long said we should spend all the money on this project. Be it ads or mailing.  Christensen suggested that if we didn’t have enough funds, we could send postcards to a certain percentage of each riparian zone, and keep track of those we haven’t sent for next year. U'Ren suggested maybe prioritizing the lakes. She thinks that is what we did with the last mailing. Christensen agreed that was fine, just so long as we had an organized way of sending them out.    Farber asked roughly what the cost would be to print the mailing. Karner said 1000 postcards would cost $304.46, 2000 would be $338, and 3000 would be $451.20. U’Ren mentioned checking into using a mail‐house like Maple River.  Karner summarized the motion is to promote the program through postcards, and advertising, spending most of this year’s money,  and if there is anything left to send we can do next year. Motion carried 7‐0.  Members briefly discussed the importance of promoting this site and thought it would be beneficial for the Lake Associations to promote it among their members and through word of mouth. Christensen suggested that when do the mailing, Holappa could also e‐mail lake associations saying that LCW recommended they e‐mail their members.  8. Discussion/Action Items 

a. Leelanau Clean Water Projects Karner asked if there were any other project ideas for 2017 or the remainder of this year. 

 U’Ren mentioned a possible project for 2017 or 2018. The Watershed Center is going to be applying for a grant from DEQ to do a septic education campaign in their watershed area, which does cover a small portion of Leelanau County. She is going to be meeting with Tom Fountain and Tom Bust (Grand Traverse) to discuss target areas. She was thinking maybe the Watershed Center could partner with LCW on the pumper panel, and extend it to cover anyone from their watershed . The application is due in October, if awarded they won’t be able to use it until next year. She thought maybe we could do the pumper panel in October or November of 2017 or Spring 2018. They are going to focus on Shoreline areas in GT county. Brown asked if there was going to be a cost share to replace/upgrade septic system. U’Ren replied that this would just be about education, cost share situations can get pretty sticky.  

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Karner talked about another interesting project.  The 10 townships surrounding Lake Charlevoix got together and received funding from Tip of the Mitt to run gap analysis on all their local ordinances pertaining to lake quality. Glen Lake is eyeing doing the same. There are 2 new supervisors for townships surrounding the lake, one in Empire and one in Glen Arbor. It may be that some laws should be changed, removed or added.  Once they get this going LCW may be able to match funds.  Karner asked if there were any other ideas for the future.  Brown mentioned the conservancy is working on a summit idea for this winter. Karner asked if this is an annual meeting and Brown said it would be the first. They would eventually like to bring in LCW.  Farber mentioned township supervisors meetings he used to attend. Lake Leelanau has 7 townships surrounding it. It took 3 years to get any changes into system and is very hard to get townships to coordinate activities. Karner mentioned that in Lake Charlevoix it is the planning commissions working together, not necessarily the township supervisors.   Brown said Cleveland township is redoing their master plan, Land Information Access Association (LIAA) was hired and is a great advocate for water quality. Brown thought it was a great time to try and work in any changes and thought it would be helpful to have a schedule of when master plans are being redone for other townships.  Long commented Benzie County is trying to get a State invasive species grant to buy a portable boat wash. Perhaps LCW could contribute to that.   

b. Leelanau Clean Water Meetings – Dates & Times  Brown brought up meeting dates/times for 2017. She knows some people don’t want to change meeting times and wondered if members would consider a different format. Karner asked if Brown could craft a new proposal for Kristin. Brown agreed with the help of a subgroup. She hoped we could increase attendance at LCW meetings, she mentioned that the League of Women’s Voters is pretty popular. Anderson suggested having luncheon meetings. Brown thought maybe we could do something similar to TED talks, a 15 min presentation with an hour long meeting.  Fountain commented today’s presentation was fascinating, and wishes 100 people could have been here.  Anderson questioned voting by e‐mail. Karner explained that wasn’t allowed.   Karner mentioned videotaping presentations and getting them online.  Karner asked Brown what she thought about meeting every other month. She liked the idea. There is a lot to think about. She would be happy to present some ideas next month, but we have time.   9. Communication Items/Reports  

a. Excessive Nutrient Loading  ‐ no report  

b. Fracking – no report  

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c. Invasive/Harmful Aquatic Species Long mentioned that the Northwest Michigan Invasive Species Network was applying for another grant for next year. Karner asked about the amount, he guessed $20,000‐$30,000. Long wasn’t sure but thought it would be at least that much. U’Ren out at 10:40 am  Karner asked if anyone noticed Microcystin blooms yet. Anderson said not yet but he has seen them in the past. Fountain said they don’t usually get blooms in Crystal. Karner said there was a big bloom on Big Glen, but it didn't last long. They get them on Little Glen regularly.   Karner mentioned that on October 1, Leelanau School is receiving a grant for combating swimmers itch in the amount of $250,000 each year for 2016‐2018 for total of $750,000. They haven’t yet defined how they want to distribute that among the inland lakes. Some of the money will cover administrative costs, Sue Price is going to be the project manager. They want to spend the money more on control than research. They plan to do that by getting control of mergansers – live trapping and relocating them, permits will probably not come through for kill. Autopsies done elsewhere only show 50% infected. He doesn’t think that the government would open up a hunting season on mergansers as they are an internationally protected bird. The only other type of permit available is for research, and when you have to do research with control it drives up the cost.  Karner, along with advisement from several others, wrote a letter to US fish/wildlife requesting a new type of permit for merganser control on inland lakes. Perhaps it could even fall under the special use permit. The lake associations want to hire someone to get swimmers itch under control. He sees this as an opportunity for the creation of new wildlife control companies to trap and relocate the birds. Higgins Lake took mergansers off, swimmers itch went way down. Glen Lake did the same study back in the 90’s and it was also very effective.  Brown asked if parasites find a different host when the mergansers are removed, and thought this might be messing with the cycle. She also wondered if the birds come back. Karner said no, they imprint on the new location. He said there has been some discussion to prevent nesting. The mergansers have nest cavities in trees and use the same cavities for 8‐10 years. In spring we should leave them alone, watch the females, maybe even use drones to find nest cavities. Then they would trap and relocate the birds and close up the nest cavities. He pointed out that when you put nest boxes out populations go up, so on flip side if you take nest sites away it'll decrease populations. Once we know where nest cavities are they can put in live cameras to record flight patterns and activities.    In the fall they are harassing the ducks with a boat patrol. 61 chicks were born in the spring, they are full grown now and taking side trips to other lakes flying around to develop mussels for migration. The goal right now is to keep them from gathering in juvenile groups. Faber asked if they were promoting hunting. Karner said it is too political, they remain neutral.  Long asked where they relocate the birds. Karner replied Lake Huron or places in Lake Michigan that don’t have the parasite.  Karner commented that the group responsible for getting the money is the Michigan Swimmers Itch Partnership, a consortium of 24 lake associations.  

d. Water Sampling Brown commented that the conservancy is forming a partnership with the Freshwater Studies program 

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through Western Michigan University and Dr. Kohler, who works with students in the area over the summer. This creates opportunities to get work done on our lakes and give work to interns. The semester is 7 weeks from July‐Aug. They have been working on the streams and the last couple years they worked on North and South Lake Leelanau collecting macroinvertebrae data. She told members to contact her if they have ideas for students.  Karner thought Crystal River could be a good site. Some rivers have limits as to how many canoes can go down, Crystal has none. He thought it might make an interesting study.   This year they did a cladophara on Lime and Little Traverse Lakes. They also set up a template for E. coli. Interns should do the study from start to finish.  

e. Communications Farber said the postcard will get our information out. He'll get together with the Enterprise to check on ad pricing and see if they want to run a story.  

f.  Reports from Leelanau Clean Water Members on Activities  Long mentioned a 5th grade field day next week, they are looking for a volunteer for a brief water quality presentation. Brown said that either she or Matt could probably do it.  10. Public Comments – none  11. Staff Comments – none  12. Member/Chair Comments Fountain gave a report on the beach monitoring done over the summer. There were 7 or 8 level 2 advisories in Leelanau/Benzie. They are using a composite sample instead of a geometric mean. He mentioned Greilickville has been high. He believes it is all animal related.   Christensen commented on algae in Lake Leelanau. He got to do some testing in 60 ft of water, normally they have to visibility to 12 feet, this time it was only 9. He also commented that the bottom 15 ft had no oxygen. It’ll change after the inversion but he thought it was amazing to see.  Daniels mentioned that the Betsie Lake watershed plan got approved last week. Also, Platte River in honor just got a grant to purchase a flow monitor.  Farber asked how often they analyze the flow and Daniels replied at least 4 times/yr.   13.  Adjourn ‐ Meeting adjourned by consensus at 11:06 am. 

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A Map: A Plan; A Canal; A BeachThe Comedy of Crystal Lake: An Unique Historical Event

Dr. Stacy Leroy DanielsLEELANAU CLEAN WATER

15 September 2016

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"Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot."

-- Charlie Chaplin

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The “Tragedy” / “Comedy”An attempt to construct a system of canals inNW Lower MI in 1873 led to the dramaticlowering of the level of Crystal Lake (BenzieCo.). Creation of a beach insured its future asa prime recreational area.

The unintended consequences evolved from aperceived “failure” of an “ill-conceived” projectby an apparent scapegoat, to an unqualified“success” by a visionary celebrated as a localhero. Rediscovery of an historic mapsupporting the project allowed for quantitativeassessment of this epochal event.

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Crystal Lake - Viewed from Space

SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, & ORBIMAGE, Great Lakes, 21  Apr 1999. 

http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=52939

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A Brood of Lakelets

Winchell, Alexander, Climate of the Lake Region, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 43(254), 275-285 (Jul 1871). http://books.google.com/books?id=Iw0wAAAAMAAJ , page 284 (color enhanced).

Michigan Groundwater Mapping Project, Public Act 148 of 2003, Michigan Lakes, http://www.egr.msu.edu/igw/GWIM%20Figure%20Webpage/Webpages%20-%20Links/Michigan%20Lakes.htm

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http://www.charts.noaa.gov/OnLineViewer/14902.shtml

North End of Lake Michigan

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CommonalitiesAspects:

• Geological histories• Physiological features• Hydrological

behaviors• Climatic influences• Visual beauties• Recreational pursuits.

Visions:

• Clear waters• Bright sunshine• Gentle waves• Pristine beaches• Wooded hillsides• Scents of pine• Spirit of place

We escape the congestion and “hustle-bustle” pace of our cities by vacationing at our special lake to experience carefree living, roughing it, returning to the simple life, and communing with nature.

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UniquitiesImprovements:

• “Harbors of refuge” for shipping, and inland waterways to access the interior of the State.

• Other “improvements (canals, dams, locks, docks, etc.) to transport settlers, raft timber, power saw and grist mills, and irrigate fields.

Locations: (*)

Saugatuck, Holland, Grand Haven, Muskegon, White Lake, Pentwater, Ludington, Manistee, Portage, Frankfort, Leland, Charlevoix, and Petoskey.

(*) West coast of MI =

East shore of Lake MI

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Comparisons of Lakes & Dams• Crystal Lake Dam

• Crystal Lake

• AKA ‘Cap Lake

• Benzie Co.

• Original dam ca. 1873

• Six “temporary” dams

• Permanent 1911

• Level dropped 20 ft

• Still one large lake

• Leland Dam

• Lake Leelanau

• Aka Carp Lake

• Leelanau Co.

• Original dam ca. 1854

• Rebuilt 1867

• Permanent 1909

• Level raised 12 ft

• Combined three lakes

Both lakes were glacial embayments. The dams had checkered pasts (successes & failures)

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Crystal Lake & Environs

Photograph® by Marge Beaver, Photography Plus, 2005.

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The Bathtub on the Hill

Crystal Lake (9th largest in MI) (15.40 sq mi)Relatively small watershed area (43.97 sq mi)Former embayment of glacial Lake AlgonquinIsolated by dunes at the isthmus of Point BetsiePerched at 600 ft (23 ft higher than Lake Michigan)

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Crystal Lake Watershed

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Crystal Lake – A Big FootprintLength 8.1 mi

Width 1.9 mi (1.41 – 2.46 mi)

Depth 165 ft (max) (#3)

71 ft (mean)

Area 44.65 mi2 (Total)

28.58 mi2 (Land)

15.40 mi2 (Lake)

9,854 Acre (34.4%) (#9-11)

1.856 (Land/Lake)

Volume 741,366 Acre-feet (#3)

32,000,000,000 ft3

242,000,000,000 gal

916,000,000,000 liters

Perimeter 20.838 mi (top #20)

Detention 32 yr

(Rank # of large inland lakes in MI)

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Moraines & Terraces• Moraine: unconsolidated soil and rock

deposited around the edges of glaciers

• Terrace: a step-like landform of gentlysloping “treads” and steeper “risers”

• Lake terraces: former shorelines ofglacial lakes

• Composition: eroded materials abovethe waterline, and deposited sedimentsbelow the waterline

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Digital Elevation Model

Crystal Lake is ringed by moraines and terraces.

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Crystal Lake: Its Many Levels

(Adapted after I.D. Scott, Inland Lakes of Michigan, 1921.)

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The Level of Crystal Lake

Elevation:  600 +/‐ 0.25 ft  (IGLD1985) (Summer:   01 May ‐ Oct 31; Winter:  01 Nov ‐ 30 Apr 30

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Pulling the PlugWhen should littorians be put in an old-folks home ?

Fill up their lake. Offer a teaspoon, teacup, and bucket.

Ask them to empty their lake.

A normal littorian would use the bucket.It’s bigger than the spoon or the teacup. Right ?

No. A normal littorian would just pull the plug !

Do you want a bed near a window overlooking the lake ?

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“Archie” (allegedly) pulls the plug!

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ARCHIBALD JONES(1811-1890)

President of the Benzie Co. River Improvement Co.

Responsible for the enterprise that resulted in

the lowering of Crystal Lake by 20 ft in 1873.

“The top of Crystal Lake was too far above the beach !”

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The “Company”

$25 at 8% compounded for 137 years ~ $1,000,000 !

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Proposed Improvements1. Purchasing lands on Crystal Lake to secure and

improve water-lots in places suitable for business

2. Opening a passage for boats between Betsy River and Crystal Lake by straightening the outlet channel from the lake to the river, and clearing it of all timber to a width of 100’

3. Removing obstructions in the way of navigating Betsy River

4. Building a steamboat and accompaniments for transportation of passengers and freight

22

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Crystal Lake Weather (*)

(*) The most severe storm in the history of the WeatherBureau passed over Crystal Lake ~ 23 Aug 1873!

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Archie: The Morning After ?

[(*) The “Tragedy” was 19 times larger than the famous Johnstown Flood (1889)!

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Early DamsLeland Dam ca. 1901

Crystal Lake Outlet Dam ca. <1911

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Crystal Lake Outlet Dam (1912-3)

[(*) The group may well be Archibald Jones’ three grandchildren (!) GeorgeC. Jones, Irving Park Jones, and Rosa May Jones.]

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Archibald / Sophia Jones, R.I.P

ARCHIBALD HUSBAND OF S. JONESBORN SEP. 14 1811 DIED MAY 15, 1890“He builded better than he knew.”

SOPHIA WIFE OF A. JONESBORN JAN 23, 1817 DIED AUG 10, 1887.

Maplewood Memorial Lawn Cemetery, Emporia, KS

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“Map Showing Sources & Courses of the Platte and Betsey Rivers, Benzie County,

Together with Some of the Obstructions and Proposed Improvements, Drawn for the

BENZIE COUNTY RIVER IMPROVEMENT Co., by B. C. Hubbell, Draftsman, Benzonia, Mich.”,

ca. 1873.

• Three canal routes (South, North, & West) highlighted

• South (attempted); North (proposed); West canal (added)

• Map found in wall of 1870 farmhouse of John Bailey,• VP, BCRIC; surveyor, Crystal City & Beulah View Resort

• Donated 1980; rediscovered 2011; restored 2012; GIS 2016.

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The “Hubbell” Map (ca. 1873)

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Changes in Crystal Lake• Water level dropped 20 ft

615 595 600 ft (asl)

• Surface area:

10,426 A 9,843 A

• Volume

~ 50,000,000,000 gal down the Outlet

• Water surface lost = beach gain = 583 A

• Length of beach: 21 mi perimeter

• Depth of beach: 233 ft (avg.)

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High / Wet; Just Right; Low / Dry

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Historical Marker at the Outlet

[(*)  Dedicated at the Crystal Lake Outlet, 22 Aug 2015.]

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Crystal Lake Redux"Many similar enterprises have beenconceived and executed in modern times,both for the purpose of reclaiming landcovered by water and for sanitaryreasons. They (the consequences ofdraining lakes) are sometimes attendedwith wholly unexpected evils, … "

-- George Perkins Marsh,

American Environmentalist,

“Man and Nature or Physical Geographyas Modified by Human Action”, 1865.Page 432

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Conclusion"The event was so epochal in its nature and has such apermanent bearing on the subsequent development ofBenzie County that it is rightly considered as one of themajor incidents of the county's early history."-- Leonard L. Case, A Bicentennial Reader, 1976.

The beach around the Lake made possible:

• coming of the railroad;• installation of telegraph and telephone;• lakeside resorts, church camps, a yacht club;• state boating access site;• 1,100 cottages (~100 ft frontage)• perimeter roads; state highway (M-22)• Betsie Valley Trail;• Village of Beulah;• modern recreational community.

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“The sea does not reward those who are too anxious, too greedy, or too impatient. To dig for treasures shows

not only impatience and greed, but lack of faith. …

One should lie empty, open, choiceless as a beach—waiting for a gift from the sea.”

-- Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gift from the Sea, 1955.

“Patience! Life is a beach upon which waves wash fleeting thoughts upon the sand.”

-- “Archibald Jones”

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All net proceeds from direct sales will be donated to nonprofit organizations if designated at point of sale.

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Page 46: A REGULAR MEETING OF LEELANAU CLEAN WATER (LCW) …...an ad in the enterprise about LCW. Karner thinks there is room on the postcard – there is space for lake association logos,
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Grin and Bear It !

Bears swim with humans at Lake Tahoe https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BPKEUwpsyqo/hqdefault.jpghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDqDFve6JJU

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Crystal Lake Canal Boat (?)

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Lake / Canal / Beach ParametersCrystal Lake

Parameter Before After

Elevation, ft (*) 615 600∆ Elevation, ft (net) 0 -15Length, mi >8.5 8.1Width, mi >3.0 ~2.5Depth, ft (net) 180 165Perimeter, mi 22.438 20.622

Area, Acres 9,843 10,426Volume, Bgal ~293 ~242∆ Area, % - 6∆ Volume, % (~) - 17

SLD: (Rev’d: 07/23/16)

Canals

Name Total (Dredged), mi

South 8.948 (1.410)North 8.522 (1.490)West 0.635 (0.635)

Beach (High Low Present)

Date Drop, ft Area, A Width, ft

1873 615 “0” “0”1895 595 1,712 6962016 600 583 233 (*) Shoal (5-ft) = 595 ft

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SBDNL – Platte River Unit

42

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/MichiganLargestLakes.svg/535px‐MichiganLargestLakes.svg.png

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Watershed = Land + Water

Crystal Lake: a groundwater drainage lake