A Reference Manual for Utilising and of Fiji

A Reference Manual for Utilising andManaging the Soil Resources

of Fiji

David M. Leslie

2 A Reference Manual for Utilising and Managing the Soil Resources of Fiji

© CopyrightSecretariatofthePacificCommunity(SPC),2012

Allrightsforcommercial/forprofitreproductionortranslation,inanyform,reserved.SPCauthorisesthepartialrepro-ductionortranslationofthismaterialforscientific,educationalorresearchpurposes,providedthatSPCandthesourcedocumentareproperlyacknowledged.Permissiontoreproducethedocumentand/ortranslateinwhole,inanyform,whetherforcommercial/forprofitornon-profitpurposes,mustberequestedinwriting.OriginalSPCartworkmaynotbealteredorseparatelypublishedwithoutpermission.

Originaltext:English

SecretariatofthePacificCommunityCataloguing-in-publicationdata

AReferenceManualforUtilisingandManagingtheSoilResourcesofFijibyDavidM.Leslie

1. SoilResources2. SoilClassifications3. MatchingSoilswithCropRequirements4. CropSuitabilityAssessment

I.TitleII.DavidM.LeslieIII.SecretariatofthePacificCommunity

ISBN:

Producedby:LandResourcesDivisionSecretariatofthePacificCommunityPrivateMailBagSuvaFiji

Website:www.spc.int/lrd

Formoreinformationpleasecontact:[email protected]

Designandlayout:SPCLandResourcesPublicationUnit,Nabua,Fiji

A Reference Manual for Utilising and Managing the Soil Resources of Fiji 3

Table of Contents

TableofContents......................................................................................................................................3Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................5Abbreviations............................................................................................................................................7Glossary....................................................................................................................................................8

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................122. PHYSIOGRAPHIC LEGEND FOR SOIL MAP UNITS AND SOIL SERIES OF FIJI..................132.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 132.2 SoilmapofFiji–physiographiclegend...................................................................................... 132.3 Listofsoilseries(inalphabeticalorder)..................................................................................... 23

3. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOIL SERIES OF FIJI IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS........................243.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 24

4. FLOW-DIAGRAM KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FIJI SOIL SERIES..........................394.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 394.2 Explanationoftheabbreviations.......................................................................................... 394.3 KeystotheidentificationofFijisoilseries........................................................................... 404.4. Lowlandsoils<600m,i.e.isohyperthermicST..................................................................... 414.5 SoilsofthemarinemarshwithaquicSMR.......................................................................... 414.6 Soilsofthebeachstrands,dunesandestuaries................................................................. 424.7 Soilsofthemajorfloodplains............................................................................................... 444.8 Soils of the relict terraces..................................................................................................... 464.9 Soilsoftheplateaux............................................................................................................. 474.10 Soilsofthesecondaryfloodplainsanddepressions............................................................ 484.11 Soilsofthefansandoutwashsurfaces............................................................................... 514.12 SoilsoftheKarstlandscapes............................................................................................... 524.13 Soilsofthe‘young’volcaniclandscapes.............................................................................. 534.14 Soilsofthehillcountry......................................................................................................... 564.15 Uplandsoils>600m,i.e.isothermicSTR............................................................................. 664.16 Soilsoftheuplandswamps................................................................................................. 664.17 Soilsofthefloodplainsandterraces.................................................................................... 674.18 Soilsofthe‘young’volcaniclandscapes.............................................................................. 684.19 Soilsoftheuplandhillcountry............................................................................................. 69

5. FIJI SOIL MAPPING UNITS, LAND USE CAPABILITY CLASSES AND THE MAIN SOIL LIMITATIONS......................................................................................................................705.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 70

6. LAND AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANT FOR CROP GROWTH....................................936.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 93

7. APPLICATION OF THE FERTILITY CAPABILITY SOIL CLASSIFICATION...........................1337.1 Thesystem........................................................................................................................ 1337.2 Type................................................................................................................................... 1337.3 Substratatype.................................................................................................................... 1337.4 Conditionmodifiers............................................................................................................ 1337.5 Interpretationofmodifiers.................................................................................................. 1397.6 InterpretationsofFCSCnomenclature.............................................................................. 1397.7 AnalysisofFijianFCSCunits............................................................................................. 139

8. MATCHING OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES WITH CROP REQUIREMENTS; SOIL SUITABILITY ASSESSMENTS........................................................................................1418.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1418.2 Processfordeterminingcropsuitabilityratings................................................................. 143

9. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING......................................................156

APPENDIX 1: Land Use Capability Classification (Land Use Section, MPI, 1977)………..…........158


LIST OF FIGURES Figure1:Constructionofacompletefamilyname…………………………………….................. 25 Figure2:Keysoilandclimateattributesusedinthecropsuitabilityanalysis………............... 142 Figure3:Suitabilityclasses……………………………………………………………................. .144

LIST OF TABLES Table1: ClassificationoftheSoilSeriesofFiji…………………………………………............. 26 Table2: FijiSoilMapUnits,LandUseCapabilityClassesandMainSoil Limitations………………………………………………………………………................ 71 Table3: ExtendedLegend:LandandSoilAttributesSignificantforCropGrowth................ 96 Table4: FertilityCapabilitySoilClassificationAppliedtoFijiSoils………………….............. 135 Table5: AnalysisofType,SubstrataType,andModifierforFijianFCSCUnits…............... 140 Table6: SoilSuitabilityClassificationfor78Crops…………………………………................ 145


Acknowledgements

ThismanualcouldnothavebeenproducedwithouttheinformationcollectedbysoilscientistsintheNewZealandDe-partmentofScientificandIndustrialResearch(DSIR)withsupportfromFijiMinistryofPrimaryIndustriesstaffduringthesoilsurveysconductedintheearly1980s.TheinitialsoilsurveyofFijiundertakeninthe1960sisacknowledgedforestablishingthebasicconcepts,soildefinitionsandsoilandlandusemaps.IammostgratefultotheNewZealandAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(NZAID)forsupportingsoilresearchinFijifortwodecadesfrom1980.

Theanalyticalsupport fromtheSoilBureauof theDSIR,Fiji’sKoroniviaResearchStationandtheUniversityof theSouthPacific(InstituteofAppliedSciences)isalsoacknowledged.

Throughoutpreparationofthemanuscript,IhavehadthesupportofInokeRatukalou,ActingDirectoroftheSecretariatofthePacificCommunityLandResourcesDivision;andLukeRatuvuki,formerChiefExecutiveOfficerofFiji’sMinistryofAgriculture,SugarandLandResettlement(nowtheMinistryofPrimaryIndustries).

IamindebtedfirstandforemosttoNZAID,throughtheirbilateralassistanceprogrammetoFiji,forfundingthecompi-lationandlayoutofthismanual;andtotheSecretariatofthePacificCommunity-EuropeanUnionprojectformeetingprinting costs.

Finally, Iwish to thankMargaretLeslie,whowas responsible forwordprocessingandprovidingsupportduring thepreparationofthemanual.

David M. Leslie


Foreword

TheLandResourcesDivisionofSPCremainscommittedtointegratedandsustainableagricultureandforestryresourcemanagementanddevelopment;thisisakeyobjectiveintheLRDStrategicPlan.Soilresourcesinformationisaprimaryunderpinningpillarinsupportofthisobjective.

ThispublicationprovidesabroadframeworkforunderstandingandinterpretingthesoilresourcesofFijiinbringingto-getherintoonedocumentalltherelevantavailablesoildata.Itdescribesthesedatainauser-friendlyformatdesignedforusebyfarmers,institutionalextensionists,researchers,agribusinessmanagers,andlanduseplanners.

Ausefulcomponentofthemanualisthematchingoflandqualitieswithcroprequirements,leadingtoadeterminationofsuitabilityclassesfor78crops.Inseparateformats,single-factormapsforeachcrophavebeengenerated,anden-terprisegrossmarginshavebeenpreparedinExcelspreadsheets.

MuchoftheinformationwascollectedbysoilscientistsfromtheSoilBureauofNewZealand’sDepartmentofScientificandIndustrialResearch,who,inthe1980s,conducteddetailedsoilsurveysofthenineMinistryofPrimaryIndustries(MPI)agriculturalresearchstationsinFiji.ThiswasfollowedbythenationalsoilsurveyofFiji(SeruandLeslie1986),withsupporting informationpublished in theFiji Soil Taxonomic Unit Description Handbook (LeslieandSeru1998).Thesesoilsurveyswereindebtedtoanearliernationalsoilresourcessurvey(TwyfordandWright,1965).ThismostcomprehensivebulletinwithaccompanyingsoilandlandusemapsprovidedthebasisforunderstandingthegenesisandpatternofFijisoils.

Themanualwillbeofvalue to theMPI,othergovernmentdepartments, thesugar industry institutions, internationalagenciesandnon-governmentorganisationsinplanningfuturelanddevelopmentassistanceprogrammesandformulat-ingruralsectorandlandusepolicies.

LRDisconfidentthispublicationwillmakeasignificantcontributiontosustainablelanddevelopmentintheRepublicofFiji.

Inoke RatukalouActing Director, Land Resources DivisionSecretriat of the Pacific CommunityNabua, Fiji


Abbreviations

BS base saturation

BSP Benchmark Soils Project

CEC cation exchange capacity

DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand)

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)

FCSC fertility capability soil classification

GIS geographical information systems

IBSNAT International Benchmark Soils Network for Agrotechnology Transfer

LUC land use capability

MASLR Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resources (now Minstry of Primary Industries)

MDS minimum data set

MPI Ministry of Primary Industries (Fiji)

NZAID New Zealand Agency for International Development

SMR soil moisture regime

SMU soil map unit

SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community

STR soil temperature regime

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USP University of the South Pacific


Glossary

Alluvium Material, including clay, silt, sand andgravel,depositedinriverbeds,alluvialfansandvalleyfloorsbycontemporarystreams

Base saturation (BS)

Maybeusedasageneralmeasureofsoilfertilityandleaching.Thetermbase refers tothosemetallicelementsthathavebasicoxides (calcium, magnesium, potassiumand sodium). A lowBS indicates strongleaching.

Beach strand Asand-coveredplainbetweenthecoastalzoneandinlandlandforms(fans,terraces,etc.)

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

Thismeasuresthetotalnumberofsitesina soil available for cationexchange, andso is ameasure of the ability of the soiltoretainaddednutrientssuchascalcium,magnesiumandpotassium.Nearlyalltheactionexchangesitesareonthesurfacesof clay particles or organic matter (OM).Soils with large amounts of clay or OMusuallyhaveahigherCECthansoilslowinclayandOM.

Clayey texture group Soil material with >35% clay. It is veryplasticandmoderatelyorverysticky.In-cludessiltyclay,loamyclayandclay.Re-fer to 6 (vii).

Colluvium Material that hasmoved downhill mainlyby the force of gravity and has accumu-latedonlowerslopes.

Drainage Usually four drainage classes are used:welldrained,moderatelywelldrained,im-perfectlydrainedandpoorlydrained.Thetermsareanindicationofhowlongasoil,or part of a soil, is saturatedwithwater,andhowquickly itcanrid itselfofexces-sivewater.Refer 6 to (vi).

Drought risk Theriskofdroughtinnormalyearsisex-pressedasthedaysofsoilmoisturedeficitandtheperiod(months)whendeficitsoc-cur.

Dune Alowmoundorridgeofloosesandpiledupbywind

Erosion hazard The risk of soil erosion occurring underspecifiedconditions,orinaspecifiedarea.Erosionhazardisexpressedinqualitativeterms(severe,moderate,slight,etc.)andtype(rill,debrisslide,etc.).

Estuaries Widetidalmouthsofariverwherethetidemeets the river current; an area wherefreshandmarinewatersmix

Fan Agently sloping, fan-shapedmass of al-luvialmaterialdepositedbyastreamataplacewhereanotabledecreaseingradi-entoccurs

Field capacity Themoisturecontentofasoilafterithasbeensaturatedandhasdrainedfreely


Flooding risk Theriskoffloodingisexpressedasthefre-quencyorreturnperiodforfloodsdeposit-ingsediment(years)andforotherfloods.

Floodplain Nearlylevellandsituatedoneithersideofachannelthatissubjecttooverflowflood-ing

Horizon A soil layer that has a texture, colour orother property that distinguishes it fromotherlayersinthesoilprofile

Iron pan Asubsurfacecontinuoushorizoncontain-ingcementedironconcretionsornodules

Karst Topography characterised by closed de-pressionsorsinkholes in limestonefromwhich surface waters drain by under-groundroutes

Land use capability (LUC)

TheLUCclassificationisasystematicar-rangement of different kinds of land ac-cordingtothosepropertiesthatdeterminethecapacityforpermanentsustainedpro-duction. Theeight LUCclasses cover asimple landclassificationuseful formanypurposes. Each LUC class includes aspecified range in degree of its naturallimitations with respect to use. Refer to Appendix 1.

Loamy texture group

Soil material containing 9–35% clay and<40% silt. Includes sandy loam, sandyclayloam,clayloam.Refer to 6 (vii).

Marine marsh Coastal lowland subject to diurnal tidalflooding. ‘Soft’wet soilswith highwatertablescommonlysupportingmangrove.

Matching The process of comparing crop require-ments, land qualities and/or soil charac-teristicstoarriveatalandsuitabilityclas-sification

Matrix Thefine-earthgroundmassthatinmottledsoil materials surrounds the mottles (itneednothavethedominantcolour)

Minimum rooting depth

Soils—inwhichshallowness,stones,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity, low fertilitydif-ficult tocorrect,orsalinityarepermanentfeatures—areregardedashavinglimita-tionsintherootingzone.

Mottles Discrete area of fine-earth material sur-roundedbyamatrixofcontrastingcolour.Mottlecolour(s)maybethedominantco-lour.

Parent material (PM)

Theunconsolidatedchemicallyweatheredmineralororganicmatter fromwhich thesolumofsoilshasdevelopedbypedogen-ic processes

Permeability Thequalityofasoilhorizon thatenableswatertomovethroughit


pH Ameasureof theacidityoralkalinityofasoil.ThepHofasoilisameasureoftheacidgroupsassociatedwithclayororgan-icmatter.Strongleaching,ortheaccumu-lationof largeamountsoforganicmatter(OM)causesthepHtodecrease.pHcon-trolstheavailabilityofplantnutrients.TheoptimumpHlevelformostplantsisabout6.0.Refer to 6 (x).

Plateau Comparativelyflatextensiveandelevatedlandareaabovetheadjacentcountry

Relict Describesatopographicfeaturethatwasoriginallypartofamoreextensivefeatureofwhichmosthasbeenremoved

Rill An erosion process in which numeroussmall channels only several centimetresdeep are formed. Occursmainly on re-centlycultivatedsoils.

Rock outcrops and surface boulders

Rock outcrop is the in situ bedrock thatprotrudes through thesoil. Bouldersarethedetachedrockmasseswithdiameters>20cm.Thepercentageofthegroundsur-faceofthesiteoccupiedbyeachisgiven.

Rotational slip and slump

A slip or slump in which shearing takesplaceonawell-defined,curvedshearsur-face, concave upward in cross-section,producing backward rotation in the dis-placedmass

Sandy texture group Soilmaterialconsistingdominantlyofsandwith 8% or less clay and <40% silt. In-cludessand,loamysand.Refer to 6 (vii).

Sheet Erosioninwhichthinlayersofsurfacema-terial are gradually removed evenly fromanextensiveareaofslopingland

Silty texture group Soil material with 40% or more silt and35%orlessclay.Includessiltloam,loamysiltandsilt.Refer to 6 (vii).

Soil mapping unit Anyunitdescribingthespatialdistributionofsoils,whichcanbemapped

Soil profile (solum) The vertical section of the soil body andalthoughthereareexceptionsthemajorityofsoilprofilescomprisethreemasterhori-zons(A–topsoil,B–subsoil,andC–par-entmaterial).Thatpartthatowesitsmaincharacterstothesoil-formingprocessesisreferredtoasthesolum.ItincludestheAandBhorizonsortheupperpartabovetheparentmaterialhorizon.


Soil moisture re-gimes

- Theaquicmoisture regime implies areducingregimethatisvirtuallyfreeofdissolved oxygen because the soil issaturatedbygroundwater.

- Soilswithaudicmoistureregimearemoist throughout theyeardue towelldistributed rainfalls and the amountof stored water plus rainfall exceedstheamountofevapotranspiration.Anextremelywetmoisture regime is de-scribedasperudic.

- Soils with an ustic moisture regimehavelimitedmoisture,butaremoistintheseasonwhenthesoilissuitableforplant growth. In the isohyperthermicSTR soils are dry for >90 cumulativedays.

Soil temperature regimes

- Isothermic. The mean annual soiltemperatureis>15ºCbut<22ºCandthe difference between summer andwintermeantemperatureis<5ºC.

- Isohyperthermic. Themean annualsoiltemperatureis>22ºCandthedif-ference between summer and wintermeantemperature<5ºC.

Terrace Anyrelativelyflatsurfaceboundedononeedgebyasteeperdescendingslopeandalong the other by a steeper ascendingslope.Riversarecommonlyborderedbyterracesatdifferentlevels.

Translational slide Downslopedisplacementofsoil-rockma-terial on a surface that is parallel to thegeneralgroundsurface, incontrast toro-tationalslipsandslumps.

Volcanic rocks Theserocksconsistofashand/ormagmathathasbeenblownoutofavolcanoandhascooledandsolidifiedrapidly

Waterlogging risk The risk is expressed as the duration(days)ofwaterlogging, the time itoccurs(months)andthepositionofthewaterta-blewithinthesoilprofile.

Weathering The physical and chemical processes insoils thatcommonlyact together. Physi-cal is the breaking of rock into finer andfinerparticleswhiletheimportantaspectofchemicalweatheringisargillisation—theformationofclay. Moisture, temperature,etc.impacttheweatheringprocess.


1. INTRODUCTION

PublicationofA Reference Manual for Utilising and Managing the Soil Resources of FijirepresentsaninitiativetocollateandorganisethecurrentknowledgeaboutFiji’ssoilsandtheirmanagement.Revisionscanbemadeasmoreislearnt,particularlyaboutsoilfertility,cropoptionsandsustainablefarmingsystems.

Themainpurposeincompilingthemanualistoprovideagriculturalextensionistsandresearchers,planners,farmersandothersworkingintheruraldevelopmentsectorwithareadyguidetothefieldidentificationofsoils,soilattributesimportantforoptimalcropgrowth,informationaboutsoilfertility,andanassessmentofthesuitabilityofthesoilstogrowawiderangeoffruitandvegetablecrops.

Thetext,tablesandoverallformatofthemanualhavebeendesignedandwrittentobeuser-friendly.

There-interpretedinformationinthemanualhasbeenderivedfromtheverycomprehensivetechnicalreport—The Soil Resources of the Fiji Islands(TwyfordandWright1965)—andtherevisionofWright’ssoilmapwithmodernlaboratorysoilcharacterisationandsoilclassificationofsoilseries(SeruandLeslie,1986;LeslieandSeru,1998).

Themanualhasbeenstructuredtoprovidealogicalflowofinformationasfollows:

• physiographicsoillegendswheresoilmappingunitsandsoilseriesarehierarchicallyorganisedaccordingtotemperature regime, landscape type, composition and degree ofweathering of parentmaterial and, finally,drainageclass;

• classificationofsoilsseriesaccordingtosoiltaxonomyandtheFAO/UNESCOsystem;

• keytothe identificationofsoilseries; theflow-diagramformatalso inahierarchicalorderasfor thephysio-graphicsoillegends;

• Fijisoilmappingunits,landusecapabilityclassesandthemainsoillimitations;

• landandsoilattributessignificantforcropgrowtharepresentedinspreadsheetformatforeachsoilmappingunit;

• fertilitycapabilitysoilclassificationofsoilmappingunits;

• matchingofsoilattributeswithcroprequirements,expressedinoneoffourclassesofcropsuitability.Basedonthisanalysis,GIS-generatedsinglefactorcropsuitabilitymapsareavailableseparately;and

• importantreferencesinsupportoftheforegoingareprovided.


2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC LEGEND FOR SOIL MAP UNITS AND SOIL SERIES OF FIJI

2.1 Introduction

Inthephysiographiclegend(below)forthesoilmapofFiji,thesoilserieshavebeenmainlyarrangedunderphysio-graphicheadingswiththeinitialsubdivisionseparatingsoilsofthelowlandsandfoothillsfromthoseoftheuplands.Thisseparationreflectsthechangeinsoiltemperatureregimeat600metresaltitude,viz.isothermicsoiltemperatureregime(STR)above600metresaltitudeandisohyperthermicSTRbelow.

Thesecondlevelseparationgroupssoilsintomajorlandformcategories,e.g.,soilsofthemarinemarshes,soilsofthefansandoutwashsurfaces.

Atthethirdcategorylevel,soilsarefurtherdifferentiatedonthebasisoftheparentmaterialfromwhichtheydevelop,e.g.riveralluviumfromacidicsoils.

Thefourthcategorysubdividessoilsonthebasisoftheirinternaldrainageclass,e.g.imperfectlydrained,poorlydrained.Whereappropriate,afinaldifferentiation ismadebasedon thesoilmoisture regime(SMR)underwhich they form:aquic,udic,perudicorustic.

ThephysiographiclegendisthatdevelopedtoaccompanySoil Map of Fiji,scale1:50,000(SeruandLeslie1986).

2.2 Soil map of Fiji – physiographic legend

SOILS OF THE LOWLANDS AND FOOTHILLS (<600m altitude, isohyperthermic soil temperature re-gime)

Soil Series SymbolSOILS OF THE MARINE MARSH (Aquic SMR)• frommarineandestuarinealluvium Imperfectlydrained LABASASOILS 1 Poorlydrained TIRISOILS 2 SOSOSOILS 3 DREKETISOILS 4 Verypoorlydrained DOGOSOILS 5

SOILS OF THE BEACH STRANDS, DUNES AND ESTUARIES• fromcalcareoussands Excessivelydrained Udic/PerudicSMR NUKUSOILS 6 UsticSMR YASAWASOILS 7 Poorlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR TACILEVUSOILS 8

• fromsandsofhighquartzcontent Welldrainedtoexcessivelydrained Udic/PerudicSMR VUNIBAUSOILS 9 WAIKALOUSOILS 10 UdicSMR VOLIVOLISOILS 11 VUNAVUTUSOILS 12


Verypoorlytopoorlydrained AquicSMR DEUBASOILS 13

• fromsandsoflowquartzcontent Excessivelydrained Udic/PerudicSMR DAWASAMUSOILS 14

• fromriveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocksovercalcareoussands Poorlydrained AquicSMR VUNILAGISOILS 15

• frommixedcalcareoussandsandorganicmaterials Poorlydrained AquicSMR RANASOILS 16

• fromorganicmaterialsoversandsofhighquartzcontent Poorlydrained AquicSMR QARIBUTASOILS 17

• fromestuarinealluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks Poorlydrained AquicSMR NAKELOSOILS 18

• fromestuarinealluviumfromacidicrocks Poorlydrained AquicSMR TOGORUSOILS 19

• frommixed‘black’sandsandcalcareoussandsovercoralbeachrock Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NASELESELESOILS 20

SOILS OF THE MAJOR FLOOD PLAINS• fromriveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks

(a) Levees Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR MUAINASESOILS 21 REWASOILS 22 UsticSMR LAWAISOILS 23

(b) ‘Relict’riverchannels Moderatelywelldrained Udic/PerudicSMR TAMANUASOILS 24 Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR NADURUSOILS 25

(c)Terraces Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAINIBUKASOILS 26 UsticSMR SIGATOKASOILS 27


Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAINIVESISOILS 28 Poorlydrained–verypoorlydrained AquicSMR NAVAUSOILS 29 TOKOTOKOSOILS 30 NAUSORISOILS 31

• fromorganicmaterials Verypoorlydrained AquicSMR MELIMELISOILS 32

SOILS OF THE RELICT TERRACES• fromriveralluviumfromacidicrocks

(a) Highterraces Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAINIKAVOUSOILS 33 AquicSMR SAUNAKASOILS 34(b) Slopemarginsofdissectedhighterraces Welldrained UsticSMR NAMAKASOILS 35

• fromriveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks Terraces Welldrained UsticSMR NADISOILS 36 KOROVULISOILS 37

SOILS OF THE PLATEAUX• frombasicandintermediaterocks

(a) Plateauxsurfaces Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NASEGAISOILS 38

UsticSMR NAMOSAUSOILS 39 BUASOILS 40 VUNICIBICIBISOILS 41 KOROKADISOILS 42(b) Slopemarginofdissectedplateaux Welldrained UsticSMR BASOILS 43

• fromrocksofacidcomposition(a) Plateauxsurfaces Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR KORONIVIASOILS 44 UsticSMR LOVONIVIASOILS 45


SOILS OF THE SECONDARY FLOODPLAINS AND DEPRESSIONS• fromriveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks

Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR SEREASOILS 46 Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAIDRADRASOILS 47 SAWAKASASOILS 48 UsticSMR VATUMASOILS 49 Poorlydrained AquicSMR NAREWASOILS 50 BUCAISAUSOILS 51 MATAVELOSOILS 52 SAWENISOILS 53 UsticSMR NIKASOILS 54 Verypoorlydrained AquicSMR BATIKISOILS 55

• fromriveralluviumfrommixedcompositionrocks Poorlydrained AquicSMR NADRUKASOILS 56

• fromriveralluviumfromandesiticrocks Poorlydrained AquicSMR VEISARUSOILS 57 UsticSMR RAWITISOILS 58

• fromriveralluviumfrombasalticrocks Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAIBULASOILS 59

• fromriveralluviumfromacidicrocks Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NAVUNIKODISOILS 60 SALIADRAUSOILS 61 UsticSMR LATOSOILS 62 LAGILAGISOILS 63 Imperfectlytopoorlydrained AquicSMR NACOKULASOILS 64 KEDRASOILS 65 TALACAGISOILS 66 NAQILAISOILS 67

• frommixedorganicandmineralmaterialsfrombasicandintermediaterocks Verypoorlydrained AquicSMR WAINIKAISOILS 68 VUREVURESOILS 69


SOILS OF THE FANS AND OUTWASH SURFACES• fromriveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks Welldrained UsticSMR NASOUSOILS 70 DRASASOILS 71 MOLAMOLAUSOILS 72 Imperfectlydrained UsticSMR LAUTOKASOILS 73

SOILS OF THE KARST LANDSCAPE• frommarinelimestonesandelevatedcalcareousreefrock Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAILOTUASOILS 74 LAMISOILS 75 UsticSMR TAUSOILS 76 VATULELESOILS 77

• fromresidualmaterialsoverraisedcorallinelimestone Welldrained UsticSMR CIKOBIASOILS 78 OGEASOILS 79 TUVUCASOILS 80 NAYAUSOILS 81 NAEVUEVUSOILS 82

• fromcolluviumofmixedlimestoneandbasicrocks Welldrained UsticSMR EKUBUSOILS 83

SOILS OF THE ‘YOUNG’ VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE (Udic / Perudic SMR)• fromandesiteash Welldrained LOMAJESOILS 84

• fromveryyoung‘aa’lava Excessivelydrained VUNASOILS 85

• fromveryyoung‘pahoehoe’lava Somewhatexcessivelydrained LOSASOILS 86

• frombasalticash Somewhatexcessivelydrained WAIQERESOILS 87 WAIOBASOILS 88 ONOSOILS 89 DULEVISOILS 90

• frombasalticashoverscoria Welldrained REREESOILS 91 LAUCALASOILS 92


• fromyoung‘pahoehoe’lava Somewhatexcessivelydrained TAVEUNISOILS 93 KOROSOILS 94 URASOILS 95 NACAMAKISOILS 96 RAVILEVUSOILS 97

• fromyoung‘aa’lava Somewhatexcessivelydrained VAKAWAUSOILS 98 KIRIKIRISOILS 99 HAFHAFUSOILS 100

• fromolder‘pahoehoe’lava Welldrained NABEKASOILS 101 WAIORUSOILS 102 TABAKASOILS 103 QELENISOILS 104 NASAUSOILS 105

• frombasalticscoriacones Welldrained NACAUGAISOILS 106 TAVUYAGASOILS 107 MAFUASOILS 108

• frombasaltictuffaceouscones Welldrained ROROASOILS 109

SOILS OF THE HILL COUNTRY• fromin situcalcareoustuffs,sandstonesandmarls Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR SAMABULASOILS 110 NALOTUSOILS 111 UsticSMR KOROMAVUSOILS 112 KEIYASISOILS 113 NADROGASOILS 114 MOMISOILS 115 SABETOSOILS 116 NAQALOTUSOILS 117 Poorlydrained UsticSMR EMURISOILS 118

• fromcolluviumderivedfromcalcareoustuffs,sandstonesandmarls Moderatelywelldrained Udic/PerudicSMR SUVASOILS 119 UsticSMR YAKOSOILS 120

• frombasicandintermediatesedimentaryrocks Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR BURENITUSOILS 121 DOBUILEVUSOILS 122 MATAWAILEVUSOILS 123 LOBAUSOILS 124


VISASOILS 125 SOTESOILS 126 WAIMAROSOILS 127 SERUASOILS 128 WAIDINASOILS 129 NACULASOILS 130 UsticSMR VASILAULAUSOILS 131 Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR WAISAVASOILS 132 DARIASOILS 133

• fromquartzrichandacidictuffs Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NAMUANASOILS 134 SAROWAQASOILS 135 GAIGAISOILS 136 DRITISOILS 137 NAMATIUSOILS 138 NAMARASOILS 139 UsticSMR WAINIKOROSOILS 140 NUKUDAMUSOILS 141 NUKUSASOILS 142 VATUVONUSOILS 143 KURUKURUSOILS 144 KELIKOSOSOILS 145 VEREVERESOILS 146 Imperfectlydrained UsticSMR UAUASOILS 147

• fromin situquartzporphyryandquartziterocks Somewhatexcessivelydrained Udic/PerudicSMR LUTUSOILS 148 UsticSMR MALOLOSOILS 149

• fromsilicifiedandinduratedtuffs,sandstones,marlsandagglomerates Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR VATUBABASOILS 150 NADAWASOILS 151 RAURIKOSOILS 152 YAKITASOILS 153 UsticSMR CUKUSOILS 154 NABUONOSOILS 155 DOGOTUKISOILS 156 KORONIQALASOILS 157 • fromin situacidicrocks(granite,andesiteanddacite) Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NAMOSISOILS 158 NAULUVATUSOILS 159 NARAYAWASOILS 160 SAVUDRODROSOILS 161 VUNATOTOSOILS 162


UsticSMR VITAWASOILS 163 YAVUNASOILS 164

• fromin situargillaceousandcontactmetamorphicrocks Welldrained UsticSMR TABUQUTOSOILS 165

• frombasicandintermediateigneousrocks Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NAILOCASOILS 166 VAIDOKOSOILS 167 LODONISOILS 168 GAUSOILS 169 TAILEVUSOILS 170 SOLEVUSOILS 171 SEATURASOILS 172 WAINUNUSOILS 173 NAKAVIKASOILS 174 GALOASOILS 175 LOMAIVITISOILS 176 NAVAVASOILS 177 UsticSMR RAVIRAVISOILS 178 NAIRAISOILS 179 LAKEBASOILS 180 TUVASOILS 181 LAUSOILS 182 DELAIMATAISOILS 183 NAMALATASOILS 184 VUYASOILS 185 KAVULASOILS 186 NAWAISOILS 187 MAKOMAKOSOILS 188 TABIASOILS 189 KUBUNASOILS 190 TOTOYASOILS 191 NANUKULOASOILS 192 NABITISOILS 193 LEKUTUSOILS 194 VARACIVASOILS 195 REWASASOILS 196 TAVUASOILS 197 VATUKOULASOILS 198 YAQARASOILS 199 MACUATASOILS 200 RUKURUKUSOILS 201 Moderatelywelldrained Udic/PerudicSMR DELAIBOSOILS 202 Poorlydrained AquicSMR NAWENISOILS 203 • fromin situbasictuffs Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR BATIWAISOILS 204 BURENISOILS 205 Somewhatexcessivelydrained UsticSMR KOROTUKUSOILS 206


• fromin situmixedacidicandbasictuffs Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR DELAINACAUSOILS 207 • frommixedbasicandacidicin siturocks Welldrained UsticSMR LEDRUTUASOILS 208


SOILS OF THE UPLANDS (>600m altitude, isothermic soil temperature regime)

SOILS OF THE UPLAND SWAMPS• fromorganicmaterials Verypoorlydrained AquicSMR KUTASOILS 209 NADRANUSOILS 210

SOILS OF THE FLOODPLAINS AND TERRACES• fromalluviumderivedfrombasicrocks Welldrained Udic/PerudicSMR NADALASOILS 211 NAVAISOILS 212 Imperfectlydrained Udic/PerudicSMR NADRAUSOILS 213

SOILS OF THE YOUNG VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE (Udic / Perudic SMR)• fromsubrecentbasaltic‘aa’lavas Somewhatexcessivelydrained NAITATASOILS 214 • fromyoungbasaltic‘pahoehoe’lavas Welldrained MANUKASOILS 215 UCUNILAWESOILS 216 • frombasalticscoriacones Somewhatexcessivelydrained SOQULUSOILS 217 • fromin situbasalticash Somewhatexcessivelydrained MATANASOILS 218 SALIALAILAISOILS 219 • fromcolluviumderivedfrombasalticrocks Welldrained TAGIMAUCIASOILS 220

SOILS OF THE HILL COUNTRY (Udic / Perudic SMR)• fromin situbasicandintermediaterocks Welldrained LEWASOILS 221 WAIBICISOILS 222 MONASAVUSOILS 223 NADARIVATUSOILS 224 WAILULUSOILS 225 NABUESASOILS 226 • fromalluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks(highterraces) Welldrained QALINAOLOSOILS 227


2.3 List of soil series (in alphabetical order)

Ba Lawai Namatiu Serea WaibiciBatawai Ledrutua Namosau Serua WaibulaBatiki Lekutu Namosi Sigatoka WaidinaBua Lewa Namuana Solevu WaidradraBucaisau Lobau Nanukuloa Soqulu WaikalouBureni Lodoni Naqalotu Soso WailotuaBurenitu Lomaiviti Naqilai Sote WailuluCikobia Lomaje Narayawa Suva WaimaroCuku Losa Narewa Tabaka WainibukaDaria Lovonivia Nasau Tabia WainikaiDawasamu Lutu Nasegai Tabuquto WainikavouDelaibo Macuata Naselesele Tacilevu WainikoroDelaimatai Mafua Nasou Tagimaucia WainivesiDelainacau Makomako Nauluvatu Tailevu WainunuDeuba Malolo Nausori Talacagi WaiobaDobuilevu Manuka Navai Tamanua WaioruDogo Mataiwailevu Navava Tau WaiqereDogotuki Matana Navua Taveuni WaisavaDrasa Matavelo Navunikodi Tavua YakitaDreketi Melimeli Nawai Tavuyaga YakoDriti Molamolau Naweni Tiri YaqaraDulevi Momi Nayau Toguru YasawaEkubu Monasavu Nika Tokotoko YavunaEmuri Muainase Nuku Totoya Gaigai Nabeka Nukudamu Tuva Galoa Nabiti Nukusa Tuvuca Gau Nabuesa Ogea Uaua Hafhafu Nabuono Ono Ucunilawe Kavula Nacamaki Qalinaolo Ura Kedra Nacaugai Qaributa Vaidoko Keiyasi Nacokula Qeleni Vakawau Kelikoso Nacula Rana Varaciva Kirikiri Nadala Rauriko Vasilaulau Koro Nadarivatu Ravilevu Vatubaba Korokadi Nadawa Raviravi Vatukoula Koromavu Nadi Rawiti Vatulele Koroniqala Nadranu Reree Vatuma Koronivia Nadrau Rewa Vatuvonu Korotuku Nadroga Rewasa Veisaru Korovuli Nadruka Roroa Verevere Kubuna Naduru Rukuruku Visa Kurukuru Naevuevu Sabeto Vitawa Kuta Nailoca Saliadrau Volivoli Labasa Nairai Salialailai Vuna Lagilagi Naitata Samabula Vunatoto Lakeba Nakavika Sarowaqa Vunavutu Lami Nakelo Saunaka Vunibau Lato Nalotu Savudrodro Vunicibicibi Lau Namaka Sawakasa Vunilagi Laucala Namalata Saweni Vurevure Lautoka Namara Seatura Vuya


3. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOIL SERIES OF FIJI IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS

3.1 Introduction

ThisreportpresentsthethreesystemsofsoilclassificationmostusedinFijiandprovidestablesthatallowcorrelationofsoilsoftropicalcountrieswiththesoilseriesofFiji.InthesetablesFijiansoilsareclassifiedaccordingtoTwyfordandWright(1965),theFAO/UNescoscheme(1971)andSoilTaxonomy(SoilSurveyStaff1975)anditssubsequentkeys,i.e.theninthedition,publishedin2003. Beforeexaminingthethreeclassificationsitisimportant,firstly,tounderstandthefivemainreasonsforsoilclassifica-tion.Thesearelistedbelow.

1. Toorganiseknowledgeaboutsoils.Organisingourknowledgeofsoilshelpsustothinkmoreclearlyandefficientlyaboutthem.

2. Tounderstandrelationshipsbetweensoils,andbetweensoilsandtheenvironmentinwhichtheyhaveformed.Byunderstandingtheserelationshipsitcanbeseenwhycertainsoilsaresimilarandwhyothersaredifferent.

3. Torememberthemainpropertiesofthesoilsbeingclassified.

4. Tolearnnewrelationshipsbetweensoilswithinthesameclassandbetweensoilsindifferentclasses.

5. Touseclassificationtomakeinterpretationsforlanduse.Soilclassificationhelpsestablishgroupsofsoilsthatcanbeusedforpracticalappliedpurposesin:

(a) predictingsoilbehaviour;(b) estimatingsoilproductivityandlikelyresponsetomanagement;(c) providingabasisforextendingorextrapolatingresultsofresearchoraccumulatedlanduseexperience.

Resultsofagriculturalresearchconductedononesiteshouldbegenerallyapplicabletoothersitesthathavethesamesoil.

TheTwyfordandWright(1965)soilclassificationdevelopedforFijiisahybridsystembasedontheprimaryelementsoftheNewZealandGeneticSoilClassification(TaylorandPohlen1970)whileincorporatingfeaturesfromtheHawaiiansoilclassification(Cline1955).TwyfordandWright’sclassificationisuniquetoFijianddifferentfromtaxonomicsystemsusedextensivelysince1975.TheclassificationhasservedFijiwellbutitplaceslimitationsontheabilityofFijiscientists,planners,extensionofficers,andotherusersofsoilinformationtofullyassimilateandcorrelatewithoverseasliteraturethatclassifysoilsprimarilytointernationalsoilclassificationsystems,i.e.FAO/UNESCO,SoilTaxonomy.

ThetwosystemsnowwidelyusedininternationalsoilscienceliteratureandtechnicalreportsrelatedtosoilandlandresourcesarethemaplegendassociatedwiththeFAO/UNescoSoil map of the world(1971)andSoil taxonomyde-velopedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(SoilSurveyStaff1975).TheFAO/UNESCOclassificationisahybridsystemincorporatingcertainaspectsofgeneticsoilsystems,butincludingcertainfeaturesofkey-outschemes.Whiledevelopedasasoilmaplegend,itisusedextensivelyasasoilclassificationsystem.TheFAO/UNESCOsystemishierarchalinstructure,butasithasonlytwocategorylevelsithasseriouslimitationsinsoilmappingatscalesoflessthan1:100,000.

Soiltaxonomyfocusesondescribingsoilsastheyactuallyappearatpresentwithoutundueemphasisonsoilgenesis.Theclassificationismulti-categoricwithfewclassesinthehighestcategoriesandlargenumbersinthelowestcatego-ries.Classesarepreciselydefined,basedonanalysesofrealsoilsandmeasurableproperties.Thehierarchalstructureofsoiltaxonomyisdescribedbelow.

The initialcategory—Order—isdeterminedbysurfaceorsubsurfacediagnostichorizonsor features. Suborders considerpropertiesaffectingcurrentprocesses,e.g.moistureandtemperature.SubordersarethensubdividedintoGreat Groupsthatreflectthedominantpropertiesofthesoil.Subgroupsdefinethelessimportantpropertiestoshowrelationshipstoothersoils—typic,intergrade,extragrade.Thefamily nameidentifiesallthehighercategoriesofthefamily,namely,subgroup,greatgroup,suborderandorder.Forexample,theVatuvonuseriesisinthecoarse-loamy, mixed, isohyperthermicfamilyofLithic Ustorthents(Fig.1).


Figure 1: Construction of a complete family name

Familymodifiers Subgroupname Coarse-loamy,mixed,isohyperthermic LithicUstorthents

OrderEntisols

SuborderOrthents

GreatGroupUstorthents

ThenamegivesusthefollowinginformationabouttheVatuvonusoilseries:

Theyhavenosignificantpedogenichorizonsandonlymoderatetosmallamountsoforganicmatter(fromentisols).

Theyareonrecentslopes,subjecttoerosion(fromorthents).

Theyarewelldrainedandaredryfor>3monthsduringthegrowingseason(fromustorthents).

Theyhaveameanannualsoiltemperature>22°C(fromhyperthermic)andtheannualrangeis<5°C(fromisohyper-thermic).

Themineralogyisnotdominatedbyanyonemineral;itisamixtureofseveral(frommixed).

15%ormoreoftheparticlesarefinesandorcoarser,includingfragmentsupto7.5cmindiameter;<18%clay(fromcoarseloamy).

In1982,SoilTaxonomywasadoptedbytheGovernmentofFijiasthenationalsoilclassificationsystem.Theprimaryreasonforthiswastoprovideamechanismthroughwhichexperiencesfromthetropicscouldbeappliedinordertohelptheruraleconomyandtousethesenewagro-productiontechnologiesfromsimilarfarmingsystemstodevelopFiji’slandresourcesforincreasedfoodproductionandbetternutrition.ItalsobypassesthreekeyconstraintsfacedbyFiji’slackoftrainedpersonnel,lackofinvestmentcapitalfortheruralsectorand,aboveall,lackoftimetocatchupwithFiji’sneeds.Poorfarmersandmarginalcanegrowersdonothavetheluxuryofwaitingdecadesfortheresultsofslowlydevelopingin-countryagriculturaltechnology.

TheUSAID-fundedBenchmarkSoilsProject(BSP),developedandmanagedbytheUniversityofHawaii,demonstratedthatagro-productiontechnologycanbetransferredfromonetropicalregiontoanotheronthebasisofSoilTaxonomyatthesoilfamilyleveloftheclassification.

Theimplicationforfoodproductionissignificant.First,millionsofdollars’worthofresearchinformationwillbeavail-ableforimmediatetapping.Second,costsofsite-specificglobaltrialswillbesaved,andthewasteofhumanandotherresourceswillbealleviated.Thirdly,theBSPhasdevelopedaworldwidenetworkofexpertiseandaSoilDataBanktoexpediteandprovide theneeded informationandcommunication for ruraldevelopment. Lastly,agro-technologytransfer isall-encompassing: it includes transferof informationonsoilmanagementpracticesandall thatgoeswithit—informationoncropsandcroppingsystems,watermanagementpractices,erosioncontrolmeasures,suitabilityfornewcrops,economicsofcropproduction,useandproblemsofirrigation,tikinaandnationalplanningandpriorities,andsoon.ThestrengthsofSoilTaxonomyare:useofquantitativecriteria;conceptsofdiagnostichorizons;emphasisoncriterianotreadilyalteredbyman;anditslogicalsystemofnomenclature.


Seri

es

Soil

Taxo

nom

yFA

O/U

NES

CO

Twyf

ord

and

Wrig

ht (1

965)

BaOxicDystrustepts

fine,kaolinitic,isohyperthermic

Ferr

alic

Ca

mb

iso

lsFerruginouslatosols

mod.tostr.dryseason

Bata

wa

iOxicDystrudepts

fine,ferruginous,isohyperthermic

Ferr

alic

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

weakornodryseason

Batik

iTypicHydraquents


Dys

tric

Gle

yso

lsG

ley

soils

v.weakornodryseason

Bua

TypicKanhaplustalfs

veryfine,ferruginous,isohyperthermic

Eutri

c P

lan

oso


str.dryseason

Buc

ais

au

TypicEpiaquolls


Mo

llic

Gle

yols

Gleyrelatedtolatosols

mod.tostr.dryseason

Bure

ni

TypicKanhaplohum

ults

clayey,ferruginous,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

Nito

sols

Hum

iclatosols

nodryseason

Bure

nitu

TypicHapludalfs


Eutri

c N

itoso

lsHum

iclatosols

mod.dryseason

Cik

ob

iaIncepticEutrustox

clayey,gibbsitic,isohyperthermic

Rho

dic

Fe

rra

lso

lsLatosolicsoils

mod.tostr.dryseason

Cu

kuTypicHaplustepts

fine-silty,m

ixed,isohyperthermic

Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Steeplandrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

str.dryseason

Da

riaTypicDystrudepts

fine,kaolinitic,isoheperthermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

nodryseason

Da

wa

sam

uTypicQuartzipsamments

ferritic,isohyperthermic

Are

no

sols

Recentsoilsfrom

coastalsands

weaktomod.dryseason

De

laib

oTypicEntrudepts

coarse-loam

y,mixed,isohyperthermic

Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Steeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

weakdryseason

De

lam

ata

iTypicKanhaplustults


Dys

tric

Nito

sols

Hum

iclatosols

str.dryseason

De

lain

ac

au

TypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsRedyellowpodzolicsoils

weaktomod.dryseason

De

ub

aHum

icEpiaquents

sandy,mixed,isohyperthermic

Dys

tric

Gle

yso

lsGleyrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

weakornodryseason

Do

bu

ilevu

TypicHapludolls

fine-loam

y,smectitic,isohyperthermic

Ha

plic

Ph

ae

oze

ms

Nigrescentsoils

weaktomod.dryseason

Do

go

TypicSulfaquents

loam

yoverclayey,mixed,isohyperthermic

Thio

nic

Flu

viso

lsSalinesoilsofthemarinemarsh

Tabl

e 1:

Cla

ssifi

catio

n of

the

soil

serie

s of

Fiji


Do

go

tuki

TypicDystrudepts


Hu

mic

Ca

mb

isols

Redyellow

podzolicsoilsmod.dryseason

Dra

saUlticH

aplustalfsfine,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icEu

tric N

itoso

lsHum

iclatosolsstr.dryseason

Dre

keti

SulficE

ndoaqueptsclayey,m


Thio

nic

Fluviso

lsSalinesoilsofthem

arinemarsh

Driti

IncepticEutroperox


Xa

nth

ic Fe

rralso

lsRedyellow

podzolicsoilsnodryseason

Du

levi

HydricH

apludandsmedial,isohypertherm

icO

ch

ric A

nd

oso

lsLatosolicsoilsweakdryseason

Ekub

uLithicH

aplustollsfine,sm

ectitic,isohyperthermic

Ha

plic

Kasta

no

zem

sNigrescentsoils

moderatedryseason

Emu

riUdicH

aplustertsfine,sm


Pellic

Vertiso

lsNigrescentsoils

str.dryseasonG

aig

ai

TypicKanhaplohum

ultsclayey,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic N

itoso

lsSteeplandrelatedtoredyellow

podzolicsoilsnodryseason

Ga

loa

TypicRhodudults


Dystric

Nito

sols

Ferruginouslatosolsweakdryseason

Ga

uTypicH

apludalfsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icEu

tric N

itoso

lsHum

iclatosolsweakdryseason

Ha

fha

fuUdicVitricH

apludandsashy-skeletal,isohypertherm

icV

itric A

nd

oso

lsLatosolicsoilsnodryseason

Kavu

laTypicD

ystrusteptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric C

am

biso

lsSteeplandrelatedtohum


Ked

raAericE

piaqueptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric G

leyso

lsGleyrelatedtoredyellow

podzolicsoilsstr.tom

od.dryseasonKe

iyasi

TypicHaplustolls

fine,smectitic,isohypertherm

icH

ap

lic Ka

stan

oze

ms

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseasonKe

likoso

KandicP

aleustalfsfine,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icEu

tric Pla

na

sols

Redyellow

podzolicsoilsstr.dryseason

KirikiriHydricH

apludandshydrous-skeletal,isohypertherm

icO

ch

ric A

nd

oso


Koro

TypicEutrudepts

fine-silty,halloysitic,isohyperthermic

Eutric

Ca

mb

isols

Steeplandrelatedtolatosolicsoils

weakdryseason

Koro

kad

iAnionicA

crustoxclayey,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icRh

od

ic Fe

rralso

lsFerruginouslatosolsstr.dryseason


Koro

ma

vuLithicUstorthents

loam

y-skeletal,m


Eutri

c R

eg

oso

lsSteeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Koro

niq

ala

TypicHaplustults

clayey,kaolinitic,isohyperthermic

Ort

hic

Ac

riso


mod.dryseason

Koro

niv

iaTypicKandihumults


Hu

mic

Nito

sols

Redyellowpodzolicsoils

v.weakornodryseason

Koro

tuku

TypicArgiustoll

very-fine,smectitic,isohyperthermic

Luvi

c P

ha

eo

zem

sHum

iclatosols

str.dryseason

Koro

vuli

TypicPaleustults


Dys

tric

Nito

sols

Hum

iclatosols

str.dryseason

Kub

un

aTypicDystrustepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


mod.tostr.dryseason

Kuru

kuru

RhodicKandiustox


Rho

dic

Fe

rra

lso


str.dryseason

Kuta

HydricTropofibrists

dysic,isothermic

Dys

tric

His

toso

lsUplandorganicsoils

Lab

asa

Hum

icEpiaquepts

clayeyoversandy,m


Dys

tric

Gle

yso


Lag

ilag

iTypicHaplustepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

alluvium

str.tomod.dryseason

Lake

ba

TypicDystrustepts

very-fine,kaolinitic,isohyperthermic

Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsSteeplandrelatedtoferruginouslatosols

mod.tostr.dryseason

Lam

iHum

icLithicEutrudepts

clayey-skeletal,sm


Eutri

c (

Lith

ic)

Ca

mb

iso

lsSteeplandrelatedtolatosolicsoils

nodryseason

Lato

FluventicDystrustepts


Dys

tric

Flu

viso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

alluvium

str.tomod.dryseason

Lau

TypicKandiustox


Rho

dic

Fe

rra

lso


mod.tostr.dryseason

Lau

ca

laVitricHapludands

medial,isohyperthermic

Oc

hric

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoils

weakdryseason

Lau

toka

UdicArgiustoll


Luvi

c P

ha

eo

zem

sHum

iclatosols

mod.tostr.dryseason

Law

ai

FluventicHaplustepts

loam


Eutri

c F

luvi

sols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluvium

mod.tostr.dryseason

Led

rutu

aTypicHaplustolls

fineoverloam

y-skeletal,smectitic,isohyperther

-mic

Ha

plic

Ka

sta

no

zem

sNigrescentsoils

str.dryseaso n


Leku

tuTypicU

storthentsfine-loam

y,kaolinitic,isohyperthermic

Dystric

Reg

oso


Lew

aOxicD

ystrudeptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric C

am

biso

lsUplandferruginouslatosols

weakdryseason

Lob

au

TypicDystrudepts


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols

Steeplandrelatedtohum

iclatosolsnodryseason

Lod

on

iHum

icHapludults


Orth

ic A

criso

lsHum


Lom

aiviti

TypicEutrudepts


Eutric

Ca

mb

isols

Hum

iclatosolsv.w

eakornodryseasonLo

ma

jePachicVitricM

elanudandsmedial,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic A

nd

oso


Losa

LithicHapludands

ashy-skeletal,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoilsnodryseason

Lovo

nivia

UlticH

aplorthodssandyoverclayey,siliceous,isohypertherm

icO

rthic

Pod

zols

Redyellow


Lutu

TypicKandihum

ultsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic N

itoso

lsRedyellow

podzolicsoilsweakornodryseason

Ma

cu

ata

TypicUstorthents

fine-loamy,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric C

am

biso


Ma

fua

EutricFulvudands

ashy-skeletal,isohyperthermic

Mo

llic A

nd

oso


Ma

kom

ako

TypicHaplustults


Orth

ic A

criso

lsHum


Ma

lolo

TypicUstipsam

ments

mixed,non-acid,isohypertherm

icD

ystric Re

go

sols

Redyellow


Ma

nuka

AcrudoxicH

ydricFluvudandsmedial,isotherm

icH

um

ic A

nd

oso

lsUplandlatosolicsoils

nodryseasonM

ata

iwa

ilevu

TypicArgiudolls


Orth

ic Lu

visols

Nigrescentsoils

weaktom

od.dryseasonM

ata

na

AcrudoxicH

ydricFulvudandsthixotropic,isotherm

icH

um

ic A

nd

oso


nodryseasonM

ata

velo

AericE

piaqueptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric G

leyso

lsGleyrelatedtolatosols

str.dryseasonM

elim

eli

HydricTropofibrists

dysic,isohyperthermic

Dystric

Histo

sols

Organicsoils

Mo

lam

ola

uTypicD

ystrusteptsfine,m


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols


mod.tostr.dryseason


Mo

mi

TypicHaplustepts

fine,smectitic,isohyperthermic

Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Mo

na

savu

OxicDystrudepts

fine,kaolinitic,isothermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsUplandsteeplandrelatedtohum

iclatosols

nodryseason

Mu

ain

ase

TypicEutrudepts

coarse-loam


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluvium

v.weakornodryseason

Na

be

kaTypicHapludults

clayey,halloysitic,isohyperthermic

Dys

tric

Nito

sols

Latosolicsoils

weakdryseason

Na

biti

OxicDystrustepts

very-fine,m


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


str.dryseason

Na

bu

esa

OxicDystrudepts

fine,kaolinitic,isothermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsUplandhumiclatosols

nodryseason

Na

bu

on

oTypicDystrustepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsSteeplandrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

str.dryseason

Na

ca

ma

kiEutricThapticHapludands

medial-skeletaloverashy-skeletal,isohyperther

-mic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoils

mod.dryseason

Na

ca

ug

ai

VitricHapludands

medial-skeletal,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols


weakdryseason

Na

co

kula

TypicEpiaquepts

fine,mixed,isohyperthermic

Dys

tric

Gle

yso

lsGleyrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

nodryseason

Na

cu

laOrthoxicPalehum

ults


Hu

mic

Ac

riso


iclatosols

weakdryseason

Na

da

laTypicEutrudepts

fine-loam

y,mixed,isothermic

Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Uplandhumiclatosols

nodryseason

Na

da

riva

tuTypicDystrudepts

fine-silty,kaolinitic,isothermic

Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsUplandsteeplandrelatedtohum

iclatosols

weaktomod.dryseason

Na

da

wa

TypicEutrudepts


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Nigrescentsoils

weakornodryseason

Na

di

TypicEutrustox

clayey,m


Ort

hic

Fe

rra

lso

lsHum

iclatosols

str.dryseason

Na

dra

nuHem

icTropofibrists

dysic,isothermic

Dys

tric

His

toso

lsUplandorganicsoils

Na

dra

uOxyaquicEutrudepts

fine,mixed,isothermic

Gle

yic

Ca

mb

iso

lsUplandgleyrelatedtohum

iclatosols

nodryseason


Na

dro

ga

UderticH

aplustollsfine,m


Ha

plic

Kasta

no

zem

sNigrescentsoils

str.dryseasonN

ad

ruka

Cum

ulicEpiaquolls


Mo

llic G

leyso


mod.tostr.dryseason

Na

du

ruTypicE

utrudeptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icEu

tric Flu

visols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluviumv.w

eaktonodryseasonN

ae

vue

vuLithicH

aplustalfsclayey-skeletal,sm


Eutric

Nito

sols

Latosolicsoilsstr.dryseason

Na

iloc

aTypicD

ystrudeptsfine,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic C

am

biso



Na

irai

TypicKandiustults


Orth

ic A

criso


mod.tostr.dryseason

Na

itata

AcrudoxicH

apludandsmedialoverm

edial-skeletal,isothermic

Vitric

An

do

sols

Uplandlatosolicsoils

nodryseasonN

aka

vikaTypicK

anhaplohumults


Hu

mic

Ac

risols

Hum


Na

kelo

FluvaquenticEutrudepts


icEu

tric G

leyso


weakornodryseason

Na

lotu

TypicEutrudepts

fine,smectitic,isohypertherm

icEu

tric C

am

biso

lsNigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Na

ma

kaTypicP

aleustultsclayey,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icFe

rric A

criso

lsRedyellow


Na

ma

lata

UdicH

aplustollsclayey,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icH

ap

lic Ka

stan

oze

ms

Hum

iclatosolsmod.tostr.dryseason

Na

ma

raTypicP

aleudultsclayey,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric N

itoso

lsRedyellow

podzolicsoilsweakdryseason

Na

ma

tiuTypicD

ystrudeptsfine-loam


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols

Redyellow

podzolicsoilsweakdryseason

Na

mo

sau

TypicAcrustox


Ac

ric Fe

rralso


Na

mo

siTypicD


icH

um

ic C

am

biso

lsHum

iclatosolsweakornodryseason

Na

mu

an

aTypicD


icD

ystric C

am

biso



Na

nuku

loa

TypicHaplustepts

fine,mixed,isohypertherm

icEu

tric C

am

biso

lsNigrescentsoils

mod.tostr.dryseason


Na

qa

lotu

TypicHaplustepts

fine-loam


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

SteeplandrelatedtoNigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Na

qila

iAericEpiaquepts


Eutri

c G

leys

ols

Gleyrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

str.tomod.dryseason

Na

raya

wa

TypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


v.weakornodryseason

Na

rew

aVerticEpiaquolls


Eutri

c G

leys

ols


str.dryseason

Na

sau

AndicDystrustepts

fine-silty,halloysitic,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsSteeplandrelatedtolatosols

mod.dryseason

Na

seg

ai

TypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

weakdryseason

Na

sele

sele

TypicUdipsam

ments

carbonatic,isohyperthermic

Ca

mb

ic A

ren

oso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

coastalsands

weakdryseason

Na

sou

FluventicDystrustepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

str.dryseason

Na

ulu

vatu

TypicEutrudepts

fine-loam


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols


iclatosols

nodryseason

Na

uso

riTypicEpiaquepts


Eutri

c G

leys

ols

Gle

y so

ilsv.weakornodryseason

Na

vai

FluventicHapludolls


Eutri

c F

luvi

sols

Recentuplandsoilfromalluvium

v.weakornodryseason

Na

vava

MollicHapludalfs


Ort

hic

Lu

viso

lsNigrescentsoils

v.weakornodryseason

Na

vua

FluvaquenticEutrudepts


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Gle

y so

ilsv.weakornodryseason

Na

vun

iko

di

FluventicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsRecentsoilfromalluvium

weakdryseason

Na

wa

iVerticHaplustepts

very-fine,smectitic,isohyperthermic

Vert

ic C

am

bis

ols

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Na

we

ni

TypicEpiaquepts


Eutri

c G

leys

ols

Nigrescentsoils

v.weakornodryseason

Na

yau

TypicHaplustepts


Ferr

alic

Ca

mb

iso

lsLatosolicsoils

mod.dryseason

Nik

aUdicHaplusterts


Pelli

c V

ert

iso

lsGleyrelatedtonigrescentsoils

str.dryseason


Nu

kuTypicU

dipsamments


Ca

mb

ic A

ren

oso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

coastalsandsweakdryseason

Nu

kud

am

uTypicD

ystrusteptsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icD

ystric C

am

biso

lsRedyellow


Nu

kusa

TypicDystrustepts


icD

ystric C

am

biso

lsRedyellow


Og

ea

TypicEutrustox


Eutric

Ferra

lsols

Latosolicsoilsmod.dryseason

On

oHydricH

apludandshydrous,isohypertherm

icM

ollic

An

do

sols


Qa

lina

olo

TypicDystrudepts

fine,mixed,hypotherm

icH

um

ic C

am

biso

lsUplandhum


Qa

ribu

taTerricTropofibristsdysic,sandy,isohypertherm

icD

ystric H

istoso

lsOrganicsoil

Qe

lini

TypicHapludults

clayey,mixed,isohypertherm

icO

rthic

Ac

risols

Latosolicsoilsweakdryseason

Ran

aTypicTroposapristseuic,isohypertherm

icEu

tric H

istoso

lsOrganicsoils

v.weakornodryseason

Rau

rikoTypicD


icD

ystric C

am

biso



Ravile

vuAndicD

ystrudeptsloam

y,mixed,isohypertherm

icD

ystric C

am

biso


nodryseasonRa

viravi

TypicDystrustepts


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols

Ferruginouslatosolsstr.dryseason

Raw

itiFluventicD

ystrudeptsfine,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icG

leyic

Ca

mb

isols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluviumstr.dryseason

Rere

eEutricFulvudand

hydrousoverfragmental,isohypertherm

icM

ollic

An

do

sols


Rew

aFluventicE

utrudeptsfine-silty,m


Eutric

Ca

mb

isols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluviumv.w

eakornodryseasonRe

wa

saUdicH

aplustalfsfine,m


(Eutric

) Luviso

lsNigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Roro

aTypicE

utrudeptssandy,m


Eutric

Ca

mb

isols


Ruku

ruku

UlticP

aleustalfsvery-fine,m


Eutric

Nito

sols

Hum



Sab

eto

TypicHaplustepts


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Nigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Salia

dra

uFluventicEutrudepts

coarse-loam


Eutri

c F

luvi

sols

Recentsoilsfrom

riveralluvium

weakdryseason

Salia

laila

iLithicFulvudands

medial,isothermic

(Lith

ic)

An

do

sols

Uplandsteeplandrelatedtolatosolicsoils

nodryseason

Sam

ab

ula

LithicHapludolls


(Lith

ic)

Pha

eo

zem

sNigrescentsoils

weakornodryseason

Saro

wa

qa

TypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


mod.dryseason

Sau

na

kaAquicDystrustepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


str.dryseason

Savu

dro

dro

TypicDystrudepts


Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso


weakornodryseason

Saw

aka

saOxyaquicEutrudepts


Gle

yic

Ca

mb

iso


weakdryseason

Saw

en

iTypicEpiaquepts


(Ve

rtic

) G

leys

ols

Gleyrelatedtonigrescentsoils

strongdryseason

Sea

tura

OxicDystrudepts


Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso


iclatosols

nodryseason

Sere

aFluventicEutrudepts

coarse-loam


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Recentsoilsfrom

riveralluvium

nodryseason

Seru

aTypicKanhaplohum

ults


Hu

mic

Ac

riso


iclatosols

nodryseason

Sig

ato

kaCum

ulicHaplustoll

fine-silty,m


Eutri

c F

luvi

sols

Recentsoilfromriveralluvium

mod.tostr.dryseason

Sole

vuTypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

weakornodryseason

Soq

ulu

HydricFulvudands

medialoverashy-skeletal,isothermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols


nodryseason

Soso

Hum

icEpiaquepts

clayey,m


(Th

ion

ic)

Gle

yso


Sote

TypicDystrudepts


Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

v.weakornodryseason

Suva

Cum

ulicHapludolls


Ha

plic

Ph

ae

oze

ms

Nigrescentsoils

v.weakornodryseason


Tab

aka

AndicD

ystrudeptsfine-silty,halloysitic,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic C

am

biso


Tab

iaHum

icKandiustox


Hu

mic

Ferra

lsols

Hum


Tab

uq

uto

TypicKanhaplustults


Hu

mic

Ac

risols

Ferruginouslatosolsstr.dryseason

Tac

ilevu

TypicUdipsam

ments


Are

no

sols

Recentsoilsfrom


Tag

ima

uc

iaAcrudoxicH

apludandsmedial,isotherm

icV

itric A

nd

oso


nodryseasonTa

ilevu

TypicDystrudepts


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols



Tala

ca

gi

AericE

piaqueptscoarseloam

yoverclayey,siliceous,isohyper-therm

ic

Dystric

Gle

ysols

Gleyrelatedtoredyellow

podzolicsoilsstr.tom

od.dryseason

Tam

anu

aFluvaquenticE


icEu

tric Flu

visols

Recentsoilsfrom

alluviumv.w

eaktonodryseasonTa

uLithicH

aplustollsfine,sm


Ha

plic

Kasta

no

zem

sSteeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

str.tomod.dryseason

Tave

un

iHydricM

elanudandshydrous,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic A

nd

oso


Tavu

aTypicH

aplustalfsfine,sm


Eutric

Nito

sols

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseasonTa

vuya

ga

ThapticFulvudandsashy,isohypertherm

icM

ollic

An

do

sols


TiriTypicS

ulfaqueptclayeyoverfineloam


icTh

ion

ic Flu

visols

Salinesoilsofthem

arinemarsh

Tog

uru

Hum

icEpiaquepts

sandy,mixed,isohypertherm

icD

ystric G

leyso

lsGleyrelatedtoredyellow


Toko

toko

TypicEpiaquepts


Eutric

Gle

ysols


v.weakornodryseason

Toto

yaUdicH

aplustalfsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icO

rthic

Luviso

lsFerruginouslatosolsmod.tostr.dryseason

Tuva

TypicKanhaplustults


Orth

ic A

criso


Tuvu

ca

Cum

ulicHaplustolls

fine-loamy,m


Ha

plic

Kasta

no

zem

sLatosolicsoilsmod.dryseason


Ua

ua

KanhaplicHaplustults


Ort

hic

Ac

riso


str.dryseason

Uc

un

ilaw

eHydricFulvudands

hydrous,isothermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols


nodryseason

Ura

ThapticFulvudands

ashy,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoils

nodryseason

Vaid

oko

LithicHapludolls


Ha

plic

Ph

ae

oze

ms

Steeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Vaka

wa

uHydricMelanudands

medial-skeletal,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoils

nodryseason

Vara

civ

aTypicKanhaplustult


Ort

hic

Ac

riso


str.dryseason

Vasi

lau

lau

TypicDystrustepts

loam

y-skeletal,m


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsNigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Vatu

ba

ba

TypicEutrudepts

loam

y-skeletal,m


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Steeplandrelatedtoredyellowpodzolicsoils

mod.dryseason

Vatu

kou

laUdicRhodustalf


Ferr

ic L

uvi

sols

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Vatu

lele

LithicHaplustolls

clayey-skeletal,sm


Ha

plic

Ka

sta

no

zem

sSteeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Vatu

ma

FluventicHaplustolls


Ha

plic

Ka

sta

no

zem

sRecentsoilsfrom

alluvium

str.dryseason

Vatu

vonu

LithicUstorthents

coarse-loam


Eutri

c R

eg

oso

lsNigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Veis

aru

AericEpiaquepts


Dys

tric

Gle

yso


mod.tostr.dryseason

Vere

vere

TypicHaplustepts


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols

Nigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Vis

aTypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

v.weakornodryseason

Vita

wa

TypicHaplustalfs


Ort

hic

Lu

viso


str.dryseason

Voliv

oli

TypicDystrustepts

sandy,siliceous,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

sandsofhighquartzcontent

str.tomod.dryseason

Vu

na

TypicFluvudands

medialoverm

edial-skeletal,isohyperthermic

Vitr

ic A

nd

oso

lsLatosolicsoils

weakdryseason


Vu

na

toto

TypicEutrudepts

coarse-silty,mixed,isohypertherm

icEu

tric C

am

biso



Vu

na

vutu

UdicH

aplustollsloam


icH

ap

lic Ka

stan

oze

ms

Recentsoilsfrom

coastalsandsandalluviumstr.dryseason

Vu

nib

au

TypicDystrudepts

sandy,siliceous,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

isols

Recentsoilsfrom


Vu

nic

ibic

ibi

AnionicA

crustoxclayey,ferruginous,isohypertherm

icRh

od

ic Fe

rralso


Vu

nila

gi

TypicArgiaquolls

clayeyoverloamy-skeletal,m

ixed,isohyperther-mic

Gle

yic Ph

ae

oze

ms

Salinesoilofthem

arinemarsh

Vu

revu

reHum

icEpiaquepts

fine,mixed,non-acid,isohypertherm

icEu

tric G

leyso


weakdryseason

Vu

yaTypicR

hodustultsclayey,m


Dystric

Nito

sols

Hum

iclatosolsmod.tostr.dryseason

Wa

ibic

iOxicD

ystrudeptsfine,m


Dystric

Ca

mb

isols

Uplandhum


Wa

ibu

laFluventicH

apludollsfine-loam


icH

ap

lic Ph

ae

oze

ms

Recentsoilsfrom

alluviumweakdryseason

Wa

idin

aTypicE


icEu

tric C

am

biso

lsHum

iclatosolsv.w

eakornodryseasonW

aid

rad

raFluventicE

utrudeptsfine,m


Gle

yic C

am

biso

lsRecentsoilsfrom

riveralluviumv.w

eakornodryseasonW

aika

lou

AericE

piaqueptssandy,m


Eutric

Gle

ysols


nodryseasonW

ailo

tua

TypicEutrudepts

clayey-skeletal,smectitic,isohyperthrm

icEu

tric C

am

biso

lsSteeplandrelatedtonigrescentsoils

weakdryseason

Wa

ilulu

OxicD

ystrudeptsfine,kaolinitic,isotherm

icH

um

ic C

am

biso

lsUplandhum


Wa

ima

roTypicD


icD

ystric C

am

biso

lsHum

iclatosolsv.w

eakornodryseasonW

ain

ibu

kaFluventicH

apludollsfine,sm


Ha

plic

Pha

eo

zem

sRecentsoilsfrom

riveralluviumweaktom

od.dryseasonW

ain

ikai

(Histic)H

ydraquentsfine,kaolinitic,non-acid,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic G

leyso

lsG

ley soilsv.w

eaktonodryseasonW

ain

ikavo

uEpiaquicTropohum

ultsfine,kaolinitic,isohypertherm

icH

um

ic A

criso

lsRedyellow



Wa

inik

oro

TypicKandiustults


Ort

hic

Ac

riso


str.dryseason

Wa

iniv

esi

FluventicEutrudepts


Eutri

c C

am

bis

ols


nodryseason

Wa

inu

nuOxicDystrudepts

very-fine,ferruginous,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso

lsHum

iclatosols

nodryseason

Wa

iob

aHydricThapticFulvudands

hydrous,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols


weakdryseason

Wa

ioru

Hum

icPachicDystrudepts

clayeyoverloamy-skeletal,halloysitic,isohyper

-thermic

Hu

mic

Ca

mb

iso


weakdryseason

Wa

iqe

reAcrudoxicHapludands

medial,isohyperthermic

Hu

mic

An

do

sols

Latosolicsoils

nodryseason

Wa

isa

vaFluventicHapludolls


Ha

plic

Ph

ae

oze

ms

Nigrescentsoils

weaktomod.dryseason

Yaki

taTypicDystrudepts


Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso

lsNigrescentsoils

mod.dryseason

Yako

EnticHaplustolls


Ha

plic

Ka

sta

no

zem

sNigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Yaq

ara

KanhaplicHaplustalfs


Eutri

c N

itoso

lsNigrescentsoils

str.dryseason

Yasa

wa

TypicUstipsamments

carbonitic,isohyperthermic

Are

no

sols

Recentsoilsfrom

coastalsands

str.dryseason

Yavu

na

TypicHaplustepts

sandy-skeletal,siliceous,isohyperthermic

Dys

tric

Ca

mb

iso


str.dryseason


4. FLOW-DIAGRAM KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FIJI SOIL SERIES 4.1 Introduction

Thischapterseekstoexplain,inaflow-diagramformat,keystotheFijisoilseries.ThekeysareintendedtopermiteasieridentificationofthesoilseriesandarelikelytobeparticularlyusefultopersonsnotfamiliarwiththestructureoftheNationalSoilPhysiographicLegend(SeruandLeslie,1986)andtheassociatedsoil taxonomicunitdescriptions(LeslieandSeru,1998).

Thekeyfirstlyseparatessoilsonthebasisofsoiltemperatureregime(STR),viz.soilsoccurringabove(isothermicSTR)andbelow(isohyperthermicSTR)600maltitude.Thesecondstepgroupssoilsintomajorlandscapetypes,e.g.soilsofthemajorfloodplains,soilsoftheplateaux,soilsofthemarinemarsh,etc.Furtheridentifiersappliedtohelparriveatthesoilseriesinclude:parentmaterial(e.g.weatheredcolluviumfrombasalticrocks);soilmoistureregime(aquic,udic/perudic,ustic);internaldrainageclass,e.g.poorlydrainedthroughtoexcessivelydrained;slope;andfinallytothosesoilprofilepropertiesthatdefinethesoilseries.

An example for the Yasawa series:Lowlandsoil<600m,i.e.isohyperthermicSTR YesSoilsofthebeachstrands,dunesandestuaries YesFromcalcareoussands YesExcessivelydrained YesUsticSMR YesDarkbrownsandoverwhitesand Yes

Yasawaseries Yes

Thekeyingoutproceduretofollowistostartonpageoneandthen,logicallyrespondingtotheyes/noquestions,pro-gressivelyeliminatesoilsrelatedtothehierarchalorderofaltitude,landscapetypes,parentmaterials,etc.untilarrivingatthesoilseriesforwhichamatchissought.

4.2 Explanation of the abbreviations

Blk.(blk.) black

Br.(br.) brown

co. coarse

conc. concretion

Dk.(dk.) dark

Gr.(gr.) grey

mod. moderate

SMR soilmoistureregime

str. strong

STR soiltemperatureregime

v. very

WT watertable

Yell.(yell.) yellow


4.3 Keys to the identification of Fiji soil series

GOTO4.15

GOTO4.5

GOTO4.6

GOTO4.7

GOTO4.8

GOTO4.9

GOTO4.10

GOTO4.11

GOTO4.12

GOTO4.13

GOTO4.14

GOTO4.15

GOTO4.16

GOTO4.17

GOTO4.18

GOTO4.19

SoilsofthemarinemarshwithAquicSMR

Soilsofthebeachstrands,dunesandestuaries

Soilsofthemajorfloodplains

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Lowlandsoil<600m,i.e.isohyperthermicSTR

Yes

Soilsofthekarstlandscape

Soilsofthe'young'volcaniclandscape

NoSoilsofthe'youngvolcaniclandscapeYes

Yes

Soilsofthehillcountry

Uplandsoils>600m,i.e.isothermicSTR

Soilsoftheuplandswamps

Soilsofthefloodplainsandterraces

Soilsoftheuplandhillcountry No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Soils of the relict terraces

Soilsoftheplateaux

Soilsofthesecondaryfloodplainsanddepressions

Soilsofthefansandoutwashsurfaces

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes


4.4. Lowland soils <600m, i.e. isohyperthermic ST

4.5 Soils of the marine marsh with aquic SMR

GOTO4.6

DOGO

DREKETI

TIRI

SOSO

LABASA

Yes

Yes

Poorlydrained.Supportmangrove,subjecttotidalflooding.Dkgr.humicsandyclay.

DrainedDogosoilbehindseawalls.Highwatertable(70cm).Blkpeatyclaywithyellowmottles.

Yes

Yes No

No

Yes

No

FrommarinemarshwithAquicSMR

No

No

Imperfectlydrained.Oldestdrainedsalinesoils.Highfluctuatingwatertable.Dkbr.clayondkyell.

br.sandyloam.Yes

DrainedDogo&Sososoils.Protectedbyseawall.Watertablefluctuateswithtides.Yell.br.humic

loamyclay.

Freeofmangrove-naturalstate.Watertableat40cm.Blkpeatysiltloamongr.mottledclay.


4.6 Soils of the beach strands, dunes and estuaries

GOTO4.7

NUKU

YASAWA

TACILEVU

VUNIBAU

WAIKALOU

VOLIVOLI

VUNAVATU

DEUBA

Soilsofthebeachstrands,dunesandestuariesYes No

Yes Fromcalcareoussands No

Yes Excessivelydrained No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkgr.loamysandonyell.br.coarsesand. No

Yes UsticSMR.Dk.br.sandonwhitesand.

Yes Poorlydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkgr.br.sandyloamonpalebr.sandyloam. No

Yes Fromsandsofhighquartzcontent

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Sanddunesystems. No

Yes Brownfriablesandyloamoverdkbrownloamysand No

Yes Dkbrownsandyclayloamoverredbrownmottledyellowloamysand No

Yes Dkgreybrowncoarsesandoverdkyellowbrowncoarsesand No

Yes Blacksiltyclayoverfinesandyclayloam(assoc.Volivoliseries) No

Yes AquicSMR,poorlydrained.Highwatertable.Gleyedsandswithredmottling. No

Yes Fromsandsoflowquartzcontent No


DAWASAMU

VUNILAGI

RANA(Rotuma)

QARIBUTA

NAKELO

TOGURU

NASELESELE(Taveuni)

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR,excessivelydrained No

Yes Looseblacksands.E.VitiLevu.

Yes AquicSMR.Poorlydrained. No

Yes Fromriveralluviumovercalcareoussands.Dkbr.clayonshells. No

Yes Frommixedcalcareoussandsandorganicmaterials.Lotatsurface.Dkbr.peatysandyloam. No

YesFromorganicmaterialsoversandsofhighquartz

contentsupportingKutasedge.Blkpeatongreenishgr.co.sands.

No

Yes Fromestuarinealluviumfrombasicrocks.Dkbr.sandyclayloamwithgreymottles. No

Yes Fromestuarinealluviumfromacidicrocks.WTat75cm.Dkgr.sandyloam. No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR,welldrained

Yes Frommixedblackandcalcareoussandsovercoralbeachrock


4.7 Soils of the major floodplains

GOTO4.8

MUAINASE

REWA

LAWAI

TAMANUA

NADURU

WAINIBUKA

SIGATOKA

WAINIVESI

Yes Soilsofthemajorfloodplains No

Yes Leveesfromriveralluvium.Welldrained. No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR(Rewa&NavuaRsystems) No

Yes Dkbr.sandyloamoncrestsoflevees.Floodsperiodically. No

Yes Dkbr.siltyclayloamoverdkyell.br.siltyclayloamwithburiedsoils

Yes UsticSMR.Levees.Dkbr.siltloamonolivebr.sandyloam. No

Yes Relictriverchannelsinalluviums No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR

Yes Moderatelywelldrained(mottledRewa).Dkbr.siltyclayloamonmottledgr.,yell.br.clay. No

Yes Imperfectlydrained.Oldriverchannels.Dkgr.br.siltyclayloam.

Yes Terracesfromriveralluvium No

Yes Welldrained

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Deepfinealluvium.Dkgr.clayonbrownhumusstainedclayloam. No

Yes UsticSMR.Rarelyfloods.Dkbr.clayloamondkgr.br.clayloam.

YesImperfectlydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Relictterrace.Dkbr.mottledyell.redclayloamon

massiveclay.No


NAVUA

TOKOTOKO

NAUSORI

MELIMELI

Yes Verypoorlydrained,AquicSMR

Yes Watertable1.2mindryseason.Mottleddkredbr.siltloamonolivebr.mottledclayloam. No

Yes Watertable50cmindryseason.Dkgr.br.mottledyell.br.clayloamonmottledolivegr.clay. No

Yes Watertableatornearsurfacethroughoutyear.Dkgr.br.mottledclayloamongr.mottledredclay.

Yes Fromorganicmaterials

Yes AquicSMR,v.poorlydrained.Br.peatongreysandat1.5m.


4.8 Soils of the relict terraces

GOTO4.9

WAINIKAVOU

SAUNAKA

NAMAKA

NADI

KOROVULI

Yes SoilsoftheRelictTerraces No

Yes Riveralluviumfromacidicrocks No

Yes Onhighterraces,imperfectlydrained No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Yell.br.siltyclayloamonyell.mottledstr.br.clay. No

Yes AquicSMR.Footslopesofoldterraces.Dkbr.sandyclayloamongr.clayloammottledyell.br.

Yes Slopemarginsofdissectedhighterraces,welldrained.

Yes UsticSMR.Dkredbr.loamyfinesandonyell.redclay.

Yes Riveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks

Yes Onterraces,welldrainedUsticSMR.Dkredbr.siltyclayloamonyell.redsiltyclayloam. No

Yes Onterraces,welldrainedUsticSMR.Redbr.siltyclaywithyell.br.mottlesbelow70cm.


4.9 Soils of the plateaux

GOTO4.10

NASEGAI

NAMOSAU

BUA

VUNICIBICIBI

KOROKADI

BA

KORONIVIA

LOVONIVIA

Yes SoilsofthePlateaux No

Yes Frombasicandintermediaterocks No

Yes Onplateausurfaces,welldrained No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkbr.clayloamonredbr.clay. No

Yes UsticSMR.Talasogavegetation.Stronglyweatheredanddegradedsoils.

Yes Redbr.siltyclayloamonredclaywithironpan

Yes Dkredbr.clayloamonredgravellyclayloammottledyell.red No

Yes Dkbr.grittysiltloamonyell.redfirmclayloam No

Yes Dkgr.br.gravellysiltloamonolivebr.gravellyclayloam.Ironpan.

YesOnslopemarginsofdissectedplateaux.Welldrained.UsticSMR.Dkredbr.grittyclayon

massiveredgr.clayloam.

Yes Fromacidicrocksonplateauxsurfaces

Yes Imperfectlydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR No

Yes Dkgr.br.finesandyloamongr.massiveloamysand.Ironpanat70cm. No

Yes Imperfectlydrained,UsticSMR

Yes Dkgr.br.finesandyloamonmassivebr.gr.firmloamysand.Ironpanat70cm.


4.10 Soils of the secondary floodplains and depressions

GOTO4.11

SEREA

WAIDRADRA

SAWAKASA

VATUMA

NAREWA

BUCAISAU

MATAVELO

SAWENI

BATIKI

NIKA

Yes SoilsoftheSecondaryFloodplainsandDepressions No

Yes Riveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks No

YesLowterraceandlevees.Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkyell.br.loamyfinesandondk.br.fine

sand.No

YesImperfectlydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Mottledgr.clayloamonmottleddk.yell.br.clayloam.Sandy

paleosols.No

YesImperfectlydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Dk.br.

mottledredbr.clayloamonyell.redmottledpinkgr.clayloam.

No

Yes Imperfectlydrained,UsticSMR.Blkclayloamongr.br.claywithhumuscoatings. No

Yes Poorlydrained,AquicSMR.Valleyfloors/depressions. No

Yes Blkclayondkgr.claymottledyell.br.

Yes Dkbr.fromclay(manyironconc.)ondkgr.mottledsoft clay

Yes Yell.br.claymottledredyell.Onyell.massivesiltyclaywithgr.mottles

Yes Blkfirmclayonwhitemottledoliveyell.firmclay

Yes Dkbr.massiveclayloamongreengr.claywithbr.mottles

Yes PoorlydrainedUsticSMR.Blkfirmclayondkbr.clayonmassivegr.finesandyloam.

Yes Riveralluviumfrommixedcomposition No


NADRUKA

VEISARU

RAWITI

WAIBULA

NAVUNIKODI

SALIADRAU

LATO

LAGILAGI

NACOKULA

KEDRA

TALACAGI

Yes Poorlydrained,AquicSMR.Dryzone.Dk.gr.firmclaywithredmottlesonblkmottledyell.redclay. No

Yes Poorlydrained,AquicSMR.Stronglymottledandgleyed.Dkbr.clayonredfirmgrittyclay. No

Yes Imperfectlydrained.Redbr.siltyclayonstr.br.firmclay.Paleosols. No

Yes Riveralluviumfrombasalticrocks.Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR. No

Yes Dkgr.br.v.friableco.sandyloamonsandyclayloamwithlayeredgravels

Yes Riveralluviumfromacidicrocks No

Yes Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR No

Yes 'Old'highterraces.Br.sandyclayloamonstr.br.stonysandyclay. No

Yes Lowterraces.Dkbr.loamysandonolivelooseloamysand.Paleosols.

Yes Welldrained,UsticSMR No

Yes Contemporaryfloodplains.Dkgr.br.sandyclayloamondkbr.stonysand. No

Yes Lowterracesandvalleyfloors.Dkbr.grittyclayongr.br.grittyclaymottledyell.red.

Yes Riveralluviumfromacidrocks.Poorlydrained,AquicSMR.

Yes V.dkbr.sandyclayloamondkredbr.massivesoftmottledyell.redclay.

Yes Dkyell.br.friablesandyloamonbr.sandyloammottledyell.redonyell.firmmottledclayloam


NAQILAI

WAINIKAI

VUREVURE(Taveuni)

No

Yes Backswampsanddepressions.Softbr.peatyclayonmassivesoftgreypeatyclay.

YesWetseasonWTat35cm.Dkgr.br.firmclay

mottledredonpalebr.massiveclaywithgreyandwhitemottles.

MixedorganicandmineralmaterialsfrombasicandintermediaterocksYes


Yes Tributaryvalleyfloors.Dkbr.peatondkgr.br.massiveclayloamonmottledolivegr.clay.


4.11 Soils of the fans and outwash surfaces

GOTO4.12

NASOU

DRASA

MOLAMOLAU

LAUTOKA

No

No

No

Yes Alluviumonterracesandfloodplains.Redclayondkredbr.clayondkredandbr.clay.

Yes Imperfectlydrained,UsticSMR

YesColluviumoncoalescingfansandlowterraces.Dkgr.br.clayloamonmottleddkgr.clayloamonred

br.firmclay.

Yes Welldrained,UsticSMR

YesColluviumondepressionsandtoeslopesdrainingRaviravisoils.Redbr.andredgreyfriableclayon

redbr.grittysiltloam.Paleosols.

Yes Colluviumonlowangleoutwashfans.Redbr.claywithMnnodulesonredyell.v.firmclay.

Yes SoilsoftheFansandOutwashSurfaces No

Yes Riveralluviumfrombasicandintermediaterocks


4.12 Soils of the Karst landscapes

GOTO4.13

WAILOTUA

LAMI

TAU

VATULELE

CIKOBIA

OGEA(Ogea)

TUVUCA(NayauandTuvuca)

NAYAU(Kabara)

NAEVUEVU

EKUBU(Vatulele)

Yes Terracescutinraisedcorallinelimestone.Dkyell.br.clayonyell.redfromclayonlimestoneat50cm. No

Yes Colluviumofmixedlimestoneandbasicrocks.Welldrained,UsticSMR.Welldrained,UsticSMR.

Yes V.dk.br.gravellyclayondkyell.br.gravellyclayonlimestoneat40cm.

Yes Manganesesandsandcorallinelimestone.Blkloosegrittysandyloam. No

YesSurfaceiron/manganesesurfacegravelsover

corallinelimestone.Redbr.loamyclayondkredfriableclaywithFe/Mngravels.

No


YesAndesiticcolluviumovercorallinelimestoneat

80cm.Dkredbr.boulderyclayloamonredboulderyclay.

No

Yes Guano(phosphatenodules)overcorallinelimestone.Dkbr.stonysandyloamonstr.br.sandyclayloam. No

NoYes Welldrained,UsticSMR.Rockat40cm.Dkgr.clayloamonbr.stonyclayloam.

Yes Welldrained,UsticSMR.Dkredbr.stonyclayonrockat25cm.

Yes Fromresidualmaterialsoverraisedcorallinelimestone

Yes Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkbr.boulderysiltyclayloamondkyell.br.boulderyclayloam.

Yes Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Dkgr.br.boulderyclayloamondkyell.br.boulderyclay.

No

No

No

No

Yes SoilsoftheKarstLandscapes

Yes Frommarinelimestonesandraisedcalcareousreefrock


4.13 Soils of the ‘young’ volcanic landscapes

GOTO4.14

LOMAJE(Kadavu)

VUNA(Taveuni)

LOSA(Rotuma)

WAIQERE(Taveuni)

WAIOBA(Taveuni)

ONO(Rotuma)

DULEVI(Koro&Taveuni)

REREE(Rotuma)

LAUCALA(Koro&Laucala)

TAVEUNI(Taveuni)

Yes From'older'pahoehoelava

Yes Ashoverbasaltlavaonringplains.Blkhumicstonyloamondkbr.stonyclayloam. No

Yes Fromdeepashwithfewstones.Blkstonyclayloamondkyell.br.sandyclayloam.

Yes Frombasalticashoverscoria.Dkgr.stonysiltloamondkbr.stonysandyloam. No

Yes Frommixedbasalticashandscoria.Redbr.stonyloamonredgr.andblkweatheredscoria. No

Yes Fromashwithstones.Dkbr.friablestonyloamonyell.br.friablestonyclayloam. No

Yes Fromashwithstonesonringplainsaroundcones.Dkbr.stonysiltloam. No

Yes Frombasalticash No

Yes Fromdeepash,nostones.V.dkgr.friablesiltloamonredbr.siltyclayloam. No

YesFromyoung'aa'lavawithunevensurfaces,

excessivelydrained.Dkbr.friableloamysandonfragmentedrock.

No

No

YesFromsomewhatexcessivelydrainedyoung

'pahoehoe'lavaonringplainsaroundcones.Dkbr.friableboulderyloamonlavarockat25cm.

No

Yes Volcaniclandscapes No

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR

Yes Fromdeepandesiticash,welldrained.Blkfriablesandyloamondkredbr.friableloam.


KORO(Koro&Taveuni)

URA(Taveuni)

NACAMAKI(Koro,Kabara,

Taveuni)

RAVILEVU(Taveuni)

VAKAWAU(Taveuni)

KIRIKIRI (Rotuma)

HAFHAFU(Rotuma)

NABEKA(Taveuni)

WAIORU(Taveuni)

TABAKA(Taveuni)

QELENI(Taveuni)

Yes Weatheredinsitubasalt,verystonyunderforest.Dkbr.stonyloamyclayonyell.br.stonyloamysand. No

Yes Stronglyweatheredinsiturock,stonefree.Str.br.firmsiltyclayloamonyell.redfirmclayloam. No

Yes Weatheredinsitubasalt.Dkbr.siltyclayonbr.clayloam. No

Yes Weatheredinsitubasaltwithsomeash.Dkbr.friablesiltyclayloam. No

Yes Insitulavawithsomeash.Dkgr.stonyloamondkbr.stonyloam. No

Yes Welldrained

Yes Fromoldest'pahoehoe'lavas No

Yes Boulderylavawithsomeash.Dkgr.br.stonysiltyclayloamondkbr.boulderyloam. No

Yes Insitulavawithsomeash.Dkbr.stonysiltloamondkyell.br.boulderysandyloam. No

Yes Moderatelyweatheredbasaltunderforest.Dkgr.br.stonyclayloamondkyell.br.firmstonyclay. No

Yes From'older''aa'lava No

Yes Deepashonringplains.Dkbr.loosesandyloamondkbr.sandyloam. No

Yes Thinashoverbasalt.Dkgr.gravellysandyclayloamondkgr.br.stonyfinesandyloam. No

Yes Olderweatheredbasaltonsteepslopes.Dkbr.stonysiltloamongr.weatheredrock. No


NASAU(Cicia,Koro,Lomaiviti,Taveuni)

NACAUGAI(Laucala&Taveuni)

TAVUYAGA(Taveuni)

MAFUA(Rotuma)

ROROA(Rotuma)

YesFrombasaltictuffaceouscones.Dkbr.stonysandyloamonstr.br.gravellyloamysandonolivebr.

coarsesand.

YesLayeredlapilliwithashandbasalticgravelsonsteepslopes.Dkgr.br.sandyclayloamondkbr.sandy

loam.No

Yes Volcanicashoverscoriaonconeslopes.Dkbr.stonyclayloamonredbr.stonysandyloam. No

YesModeratelyweatheredinsiturockonsteepslopes.Dkbr.friablesiltyclayondkyell.br.massiveclay

loam.No

Yes Frombasalticscoriacones

YesStonyboulderyashandscoriaonsteepslopes.Dk

br.stonysandyclayloamondkbr.stonyandboulderysiltyclayloam.

No


4.14 Soils of the hill country

GOTO4.15

SAMABULA

NALOTU

KOROMAVU

KEIYASI

NADROGA

SABETO

NAQALOTU(Kadavu)

MOMI

EMURI

SUVA

Yes Colluvialsoilsfromcalcareoustuffs,sandstonesandmarls No

YesMod.welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Blkfirm

stickyclayoverdkbr.firmstickyclaywithgreyandredmottles.

No

Yes Deep.Rock>100cmofsoilsurface.Blkfirmclayonbr.gr.stonyclayonmarl. No

Yes Poorlydrained,UsticSMR.Gilgai.100cmblkstickyfirmclaywithslickensides. No

Yes Shallow.Rockwithin65cmofsoilsurface.Blkfirmclayonbr.gr.stonyclayonmarl. No

YesShallow.Rockwithin65cmofsoilsurface.Redstonysandyclayongr.br.stonysandyclayon

sandymarl.No

Yes Fromcalcareoustuffsandmarls

YesShallow.Rockwithin65cmofsoilsurface.Blkstonyclayloamonolivebr.mottledmassiveclay

loam.No

Yes Shallow.Rockwithin65cmofsoilsurface.Blkgrittyclayloamondkbr.stonysiltloam. No


YesFromsilifiedmarlsandsandstones.Dkgr.br.gravellysiltloamonyell.br.loosecoarsesandy

loamonsandstoneat20cm.No

Yes Frominsitucalcareoustuffsandmarls.Dkbr.clayondkyell.br.stonyclayonrockat30cm. No

Yes Fromcalcareousquartzrichandesidictuffs.Redblksandyheavyclayonbrownsandyclay. No

Yes SoilsoftheHillCountry No



YAKO

BURENITU

DOBUILEVU

MATAWAILEVU

NACULA

LOBAU

VISA

SERUA

WAIDINA

SOTE

WAIMARO

VASILAULAU

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR.Imperfectlydrained.

Yes Dkbr.friableandplasticclayloamonredfriable,sticky,plasticclay. No

Yes UsticSMR.Welldrained.

Yes Blkv.friableclayloamondkredbr.friablestonyclayloam.ProfuseFe/humuscoatedstones. No

Yes Br.friable,sticky,plasticclayloamonredfriableplasticandstickyclay. No

Yes Dkbr.stickyclayloamonredfirmstickyandplasticclay. No

Yes Dkbr.sticky,plasticclayonstr.br.sticky,plasticclayloamonweatheredrockat65cm. No

Yes Dkbr.stickyclayloamonredstickyclayonmassivedkredclay. No

Yes Dkbr.clayloamondk.yell.br.clayloamonmassiveyell.redfirm,stickyclay. No

Yes Yell.redsiltyclayonredstonysiltyclaywithmanganesecoatings. No

Yes Dkgr.friableclayon80cmdkbr.friablesandyclayloamonloamysand. No

Yes V.dkgr.friable,stickyandplasticclayloamonhumusstainedstr.br.friableclay. No


Yes Dkbr.friableandstickyclayon80cmyell.redfirmsiltyclayloam. No

Yes Mod.welldrained,UsticSMR.Dkgr.br.stickyandplasticstonyclayloamovergreyrockat30cm. No

Yes Frombasicandintermediatesedimentaryrocks No


WAISAVA

DARIA

NAMUANA(Kadavu)

NAMATIU(Kadavu)

NAMARA(Kadavu)

SAROWAQA

GAIGAI

DRITI

WAINIKORO

NAKUSA

KELIKOSO

NUKUDAMU

VATUVONU

Yes Slopes <15°.Redfriablesandyclayloamonyell.redfriableclayloam. No

Yes V.dk.gr.friablesandyclayloamonwhitefriablesandyloam.Rockat15cm. No

Yes Talasiga.Dkgr.firmsandyclayloamonyell.redveryfirm,stickysandyloam. No

Yes Slopes <7°.Redveryfriableclayloamonredfirmclaywithclaycoatings. No


Yes Dkredbr.v.friablestickysandyclayloamonredfriablestickysandyclaywithFe/Mncoatings No

Yes Dkbr.firmclayloamonyell.br.firmclayloam No

Yes Dkbr.friablesiltloamonredbr.firmclayloam No

Yes Dkbr.firmplasticsandyclayloamonstr.br.firm,sticky,v.plasticsandyclay No

Yes Dkredfriableclayonredclayonweatheredrockat75cm No

Yes Redfriableplasticfinesandyclayonredbr.massiveveryplasticsandyclay. No

Yes Br.stickyandplasticsandyclayonredyell.stickyandv.plasticsandyclayonrockat80cm. No

Yes Fromquartzrichandacidictuffs No


Yes Blkfirmplasticclayondkgr.br.firmstickyandplasticclay. No

Yes Br.clayloamonbr.yell.claywithgreymottlesonredfirmclaymottledbluegr. No


KURUKURU

VEREVERE

UAUA

LUTU

MALOLO

VATUBABA

NADAWA

RAURIKO

YAKITA

CUKU

NABUONO Yes Dkbr.v.firmgrittyclayloamonredfirmgrittyclay No

Yes Blkfirmstickyv.plasticsandyclayondkgr.firmplasticclaymottledredandpink No


Yes Dkgr.br.firmsiltyclayondkredbr.andredfirmsiltyclayonsoftrockat30cm No

Yes V.dkgr.plasticstickysandyclayonbr.firmstickyplasticsandyclay No

Yes Dkbr.friablesandyclayloamonredbr.massiveclayonsoftrockat70cm No

Yes Fromsilicifiedtuffs,sandstones,marlsandagglomerates No

Yes Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR

Yes Dkgr.clayloamondkyell.br.veryfirmplasticboulderyloam No

YesSomewhatexcessivelydrained,Udic/PerudicSMR.Br.stickyplasticgrittyclayloamonyell.redfirmv.

stickyclay.No

Yes Somewhatexcessivelydrained,UsticSMR.Yell.br.v.friablestonyfinesandonrockat60cm. No

YesImperfectlydrained,UsticSMR.Slopes <7°.Pinkgreyfriablesandyloamwithredyell.mottlesondk

redmassivefirmstickysandyclay.No

Yes Frominsituquartziterocks No

Yes Slopes <15°.Dkredfriableclayloamonredv.friablesiltyclayloam. No

Yes Slopes <11°.Dkgr.firmsandyclayondkgr.br.firmstonyclayonrockat50cm. No


DOGOTUKU

KORONIQALA

NAMOSI

NAULUVATU

NARAYAWA

SAVUDRODRO

VUNATOTO

VITAWA

YAVUNA

TABUQUTO


Yes Dkbr.v.friablev.stickyclayonredfirmv.stickyv.plasticstonyclay No

Yes Frombasicandintermediateigneousrocks No

Yes Dkgr.siltloamongr.grittysandyloamonsoftrockat25cm No

Yes Frominsituargillaceousandmetamorphicrocks No

Yes Dkgr.br.v.friableclayloamonyell.br.v.firmstickyboulderysiltloam No


Yes Dkgr.br.clayloamonstr.br.friablestonyclayloam No

Yes Dkbr.sandyloamonyell.redv.friablesandyloamonsoftrockat40cm No

Yes Br.friablesandyclayloamonyell.br.mottledv.firmsandyclay. No


Yes Dkgr.clayloamondkyell.br.firmstonysiltyclay No

Yes V.dkbr.loamonstr.br.friableclayloam No

Yes Redbr.sandyclayonredbr.massivestickyv.plasticsandyclayonsoftrockat60cm No

Yes Frominsituacidicrocks,e.g.granite No

Yes Dkbr.clayloamonredv.stickyclayonsoftrockat35cm No


NAICOLA

LODONI

GAU

TAILEVU

SOLEVU

SEATURA

WAINUNU

VAIDOKO

NAKAVIKA

LOMAIVITI

NAVAVA

GALOA(Gau&Galoa)

DELAIMATAI

Yes Fromdeepweatheredinsitubasalt No


Yes Redbr.Clayloamon90cmredfriablesiltyclay No

Yes Dkgr.br.firmstickyplasticclayondkbr.stickyplastic clay No

Yes Redfirmstickyplasticclayonredmassivestickyplasticmottledgreyclay No

Yes Yell.redfriableclayloamwithFeconc.onredv.firmstickyplasticstonyclay No

Yes Dkredbr.stickyplasticclayonredfirmstickyplasticclay No

Yes Dkyell.br.v.friablehumicclayloamonredbr.v.firmstickyclay No

Yes Redfriablestonyclayloamondkredbr.firmclayonrockat50cm No

Yes Redbr.firmclayonyell.redfirmclayonsoftrockat50cm No

Yes Dkyell.br.humicclayloamonredyell.massivev.firmsticky,stonysiltyclay No

Yes Redbr.clayloamondkredbr.grittyclay No

Yes Dkyell.br.siltyclayloamonredv.firmstickyclay No

Yes Yell.redfirmsiltyclayloamonredfriableclay No

Yes Redbr.clayloamonredfirmstickyplasticclay No

Yes Weatheredinsiturock,i.e.basalts No


VUYA

NABITI

TAVUA

VARACIVA

REWASA

VATUKOULA

NANUKULOA(VitiLevu,

Lomaiviti&Lau)

LEKUTU(VitiLevu,

Lomaiviti&Lau)

YAQARA

RUKURUKU

RAVIRAVI

Yes Fromdeepweatheredinsituandesites No

Yes Redv.friablestickyclayloamonredfirmstickyclayloam No

Yes Dkredbr.friablestickyplasticsiltyclayloam No

Yes Dkredbr.v.friableclayloaminredfriableclayloam No

Yes Talasiga.Br.v.friablesiltloamonpinkishgreyplasticsoftclayeyrock No

Yes Fromdeepweatheredcolluviumfrombasalt No

Yes Dkbr.friablestonyclayonredfirmv.stickystony/boulderyclay No

Yes Dkbr.stickygrittyclayonstr.br.plasticstickygrittyclayonsoftrockat30cm No

Yes Yell.redgravellyclayloamonironpanonredfriablegrittyclayonsoftrockat30cm No

Yes Redbr.stickyplasticstonyclayondkgr.firmmassivesandyloam No

Yes Blkstickyplasticclayloamondkbr.stickyplasticclay No

Yes Fromshallowweatheredinsitubasalt

Yes WelldrainedUsticSMR

Yes Redfriableclayonredbr.firmstickyclaywithMncoatedstones No

Yes Redv.friablesiltyclayloamonsoftrockat80cm No


NAIRAI

LAKEBA

MAKOMAKO

NAWAI

LAU

NAMALATA

KAVULA

MACUATA

TABIA

KUBUNA

Yes WelldrainedUsticSMR

Yes Redfriableclayondkredbr.v.friableclayloamwithpaleosols No

Yes Redv.friablesiltyclayloamonredmassivesoftrock No

Yes Fromshallowweatheredundifferentiatedinsitubasaltsandandesites

Yes Talasiga.Dk.yell.br.grittyclayloamongreysoftrockat15cm No

Yes Fromdeepweatheredundifferentiatedcolluviumfrombasaltsandandesites No

Yes Redbr.friablestickyclayonredfriableclayloam No

Yes Fromdeepweatheredundifferentiatedinsitubasaltsandandesites No

Yes Fromdeepweatheredundifferentiatedinsitubasaltsandandesites No

Yes Blkv.friablesiltyclayloamon70cmdkbr.friablesiltloam No

Yes Fromdeepweatheredcolluviumfromandesites No

Yes Dkbr.firmplasticstickyclayloamwithcoarsestructuresandpolishedsurfaces No

Yes Redfriablesticky,plasticgrittyclayonredfirmclayonsoftrockat55cm No

Yes Dkbr.friableclayonredfirmclaywithweatheredrock No

Yes Redbr.firm,plastic,stickyclayonredfriable,plastic,stickyclay No

Yes Fromshallowweatheredinsituandesites No


TOTOYA

TUVA

DELAIBO

NAWENI

BATIWAI

BURENI

KOROTUKU

Yes Yell.redfriablesiltyclayloamon80cmredfriableandmottledclay No

Yes Somewhatexcessivelydrained.UsticSMR.

Yes Thickredblkfriableclayloamonredfirmclay No

Yes Fromweatheredinsitubasictuffs No


Yes Yell.redv.friableclayloamonredsiltyclayloamonsoftrockat45cm No

Yes Blkstickyplasticclayondkbr.stickymottledsandyclay No

Yes Fromweatheredcolluviumfrombasalt

Yes Blkstickyplasticsandyclayloamondkgr.br.plasticstickyclayloam No

Yes Dkredbr.friablesiltyclayloamonredfriableclay No

Yes Poorlydrained,AquicSMR

Yes Fromweatheredinsitubasalt No

Yes Dkredbr.stickygrittyclayondkredbr.stickyplasticgritty clay No

Yes Fromshallowweatheredundifferentiatedcolluviumfrombasaltsandandesites No


DELAINACAU

LEDRUTUA GOTO4.15

Yes Thickblkfriablestonysiltloamonyell.br.boulderysandysiltloamonboulderysandsat70cm.

Yes Dkredbr.sandyclayonredsandyclayonsoftrockat70cm No

Yes Fromweatheredacidicandbasicinsiturocks


Yes Fromweatheredinsitumixedacidicandbasictuffs No

NoYes Welldrained,Udic/PerudicSMR


4.15 Upland soils >600m, i.e. isothermic STR

4.16 Soils of the upland swamps

GOTO4.17

KUTA(Taveuni)

NADRANU


Yes Giantkutareeds.V.dk.gr.br.Softfibrouspeat. No

Yes Bog.Olivegr.softmuckypeatwithabundantsedges.

Yes Uplandswampsfromorganicmaterials No


4.17 Soils of the floodplains and terraces

GOTO4.18

NADALA

NAVAI

NADRAU Yes Imperfectlydrained.AlluvialfringestoNadrauswamp.Dkbr.firmclayondkyell.br.fromclay.

No

No

Yes Welldrained

Yes Smallterraces.Dkyell.br.boulderyclayloamondkbr.firmboulderyclay.

Yes Leveesinnarrowvalleys.Dkbr.v.friableclayloamonv.dkgr.br.clayloam.

Yes SoilsoftheFloodplainsandTerraces No

Yes Alluviumfrombasicrocksonfloodplainsandterraces

Yes Udic/PerudicSMR


4.18 Soils of the ‘young’ volcanic landscapes

GOTO4.19

NAITATA(Taveuni)

MANUKA(Taveuni)

UCUNILAWE(Taveuni)

SOQULU(Taveuni)

MATANA(Taveuni)

SALAILAILAI(Taveuni)

TAGIMAUCIA(Taveuni)

No

NoDeepash.Dkbr.v.friableloamonfriableclayloam.Yes

Yes

Yes

Steepslopesfringingscoriacones.V.dkgr.firmpeatysiltloamwithboulders. No

Basalticash.Welldrained.Redbr.massivemottledyell.clayloamonredbr.gravellyclay.

Yes Excessivelydrained

Yes Frombasalticscoriacones.Blkpeatysiltloamonyell.br.grittyloamongravellyscoria.

Yes Frominsitubasalticash

Yes Insitubasalt.v.dkbr.stonysiltloamonrockat90cm. No

Yes Onsteepslopesfringingscoriacones.V.dkgr.loamonblkstonyloam. No

YesFromsubrecentbasaltic'aa'lavas.Excessively

drained.Dkyell.br.peatysiltloamonredbr.stonysiltyclayloam.

Yes Fromyoungbasaltic'pahoehoe'lavas.Welldrained. No

No

Yes YoungvolcaniclandscapeswithUdic/PerudicSMR No


4.19 Soils of the upland hill country

LEWA

WAIBICI

MONASAVU

NADARIVATU

WAILULU

NABUESA

QALINAOLO

Yes Dukuaforest.Dkyell.br.clayonyell.redboulderyclayloam. No

Yes Weatheredcolluviumonfans.Dkbr.clayloamonredbr.firmclay.

Yes Dukuaforest.Dkbr.v.friableclayloamonyell.redboulderysiltyclayloam. No

No Yes Missiongrass.Yell.redboulderyclayloamonyell.redfirmboulderyclay.

No

Yes Mixedforest(Dakua).Dkbr.v.friableclayloamonredbr.clayloam. No

Yes Denseforest.Dkbr.boulderyclayloamondkredbr.Firmclay. No

Yes SoilsoftheUplandHillCountry

Yes WelldrainedhillcountrysoilsfrominsitubasicandintermediaterockwithUdic/PerudicSMR

Yes Terraces.Talasiga.Dkbr.clayloamwithironnodulesonredbr.firmclay.


5. FIJI SOIL MAPPING UNITS, LAND USE CAPABILITY CLASSES AND THE MAIN SOIL LIMITATIONS

5.1 Introduction

ArisingoutofpreliminarytrialsofclassificationinFiji,studyoftheclassificationinNewZealand,andadviceofvisitingNewZealandscientists,theFijiMPIadopted,withmodificationstosuitFijiconditions,theeight-classstandardlandusecapability (LUC)classificationasdescribed inNewZealand’sLand use capability survey handbook (WaterandSoilDivision1974).

TheNZclassificationsystemisitselfamodifiedversionoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)LUCsystem,onwhichanumberofothernationalclassificationsystemsinusetodayarebased.

Initspresentform,theFijiLUCclassificationissoundlybasedandwellplacedtomeetFiji’scurrentandfutureneedsforlanddevelopmentplanning,landevaluation,soilconservationandpromotionofsustainablelandusepractices.Ap-pendix1providessomeofthekeydefinitionsintheFijiLUCclassificationaspreparedbyF.F.KafoaandseniorstaffoftheMPILandUseSection(1977).Table2liststhe227soilseriesandnamestheirassociatedsoilmapunitcodeastheyareshowninSoil map for Fiji(SeruandLeslie1986),landusecapabilityclassificationsforeachsoilmapunit,andthemainsoillimitationsforeachunit.

DetailedsoilinformationforFijicanbefoundinFiji soil taxonomic unit description handbook(LeslieandSeru,1998).


Table 2: Fiji soil map units, land use capability classes and m

ain soil limitations

Series ID

Soil Series N

ame

Soil Map U

nit Code

Land Use C

apability C

lassM

ain Soil Limitations

1Labasa

1IV

sNutrientdeficiencies,acid

2Tiri

2VIIw

Highw

atertable(fluctuatesdaily),salinity3

Soso

3VIIw

Highw

atertable,salinity4

Dreketi

4VIIw

Highw

atertable,salinity5

Dogo

5VIIIw

Dailyflooding,m

angroveswam

p6

Nuku

6IIIs

Alkaline,nutrientdeficiencies,soilm

oisturedeficits7

Yasawa

7IIIs

Excessivelydrained,soilm

oisturedeficits,nutrientdeficiencies8

Tacilevu8

IIIsAlkaline,nutrientdeficiencies,poorlydrained

9Vunibau

9IIIs

Lowwaterholdingcapacity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

10Waikalou

10IVw

Floods,highwatertable,nutrientdeficiencies

11Volivoli

11A,11B

IIIsExcessivelydrained,soilm

oisturedeficits,nutrientdeficiencies11C

,11DIVe

Windandsheeterosion,nutrientdeficiencies

11E,11H

VIIe

Severeerosion,pasterosion,m

oisturedeficits12

Vanavutu12

IsHighclaycontent,nitrogendeficiencies

13Deuba

13IIIw

Flooding,highwatertable,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

14Daw

asamu

14IIs

Lowwaterholdingcapacity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

15Vunilagi

15IVw

Highw

atertable,poorlydrained,salinity16

Rana

16IVw

Highw

atertable,poorlydrained,nutrientdeficiencies17

Qaributa

17VIw

Floods,highwatertable,peatsw

amp,acid

18Nakelo

18IVw

Floods,highwatertable,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

19Toguru

19IVw

Floods,highwatertable,nutrientdeficiencies

20N

aselesele20

IIsCoarsetextures,low

waterholdingcapacity,alkaline,nutrientdeficiencies

21Muainase

21Is

Coarsetextures,nutrientdeficiencies,liabletoflood

22Rew

a22

IsSom

enutrientdeficiencies,rarefloodingSeries

IDSoil Series

Nam

eSoil M

ap Unit C

odeLand U

se Capability

Class

Main Soil Lim

itations

23Law

ai23A

,23BIs

Som

enutrientdeficiencies,lowsubsoilw

aterholdingcapacity24

Tamanua

24IIw

Slightfloodrisk,im

perfectdrainage,wetseasonsubsoilw

aterlogging25

Naduru

25Is

Som

enutrientdeficiencies,rareflooding26

Wainibuka

26Is

Clayey,slow

subsoilpermeability,rareflooding


27Sigatoka

27Is

Moderatelyacid,m

inornutrientdeficiencies

28Wainivesi

28IIIw

Frequentflooding,imperfectlydrained,acid,som

enutrientdeficiencies

29Navua

29IIIw

Highseasonalwatertable,im

perfectlydrained,frequentflooding,clayey

30Tokotoko

30IVw

Floods,poorinternaldrainage,highseasonalwatertable,acid

31Nausori

31VIw

Frequentflooding,permanenthighwatertable,poorinternaldrainage,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

32Melimeli

32VIIIw

Peatswam

pnotfeasibletodevelop

33Wainikavou

33IIIw

Surfacepondingandsubsurfacewaterlogginginthewetseason,im

perfectdrainage,acid

34Saunaka

34IIw

Imperfectlydrained,surfacefloodinginwetseason,nutrientdeficiencies

35Nam

aka

35IIs

Nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmoisturedeficits,nutrientdeficiencies

36Nadi

36A,36B

IIsSeasonalm

oisturedeficits,nutrientdeficiencies

36C,36D

IIeSheet/rillerosiononslopes>8°,seasonalm


37Korovuli

37IIs

Clayey,seasonalm


38N

aseg

ai38A,38B

IIsAcid,nutrientdeficiencies

38C

IIeErosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

39Nam

osau

39A

IVs

Nutrientdeficiencies,acid,limitedrootingvolume

39B,39C

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,acid,limitedrootingvolume

40Bua

40A

IVs

Nutrientdeficiencies,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

40B,40C

,40D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

40E

VeNutrientdeficiencies,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,severeerosionrisk

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

41Vu

nicibicibi

41A

IVs


oisturedeficits

41B,41C

,41D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

42Korokadi

42A,42B

IVs


oisturedeficits

43B

a43B,43C

,43D

IVe

Severepastandpotentialerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,acid

43E,43F

VIe

Slope,severepastandpotentialerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,acid

44Koronivia

44A,44B

IIsClayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,imperfectdrainage

44C

IIIs

Slope,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,imperfectdrainage

45Lovonivia

45A,45B

IIsAcid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,erosionriskwhencultivated

46S

erea

46IIw

Frequentflooding,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

47Waidradra

47IIIw

Frequentflooding,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

48Saw

akasa

48IVw

Frequentflooding,highwatertable,im

perfectdrainage


49Vatuma

49A,49B

IIIw

Frequentflooding,imperfectdrainage,nutrientdeficiencies

50Narew

a50

IVw

Frequentflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,gilgai

51Bucaisau

51IVw

Frequentflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,acid

52Matavelo

52IIIw

Frequentshort-durationflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,nutrientdeficiencies

53Saw

eni

53IIIw

Frequentshort-durationflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,verticproperties

54Nika

54IIw

Slightfloodrisk,poorlydrained,w

etseasonwaterlogging,gilgai,clayey

55Batiki

55IIw

Slightfloodrisk,verypoorlydrained,highwatertableinwetseason

56Nadruka

56IIw

Slightfloodrisk,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,clayey

57Veisaru

57IIw

Slightfloodrisk,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable

58Raw

iti58

IIwSlightfloodrisk,im

perfectlydrained,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

59Waibula

59A,59B

IIsNutrientdeficiencies,unevensurfacewithboulders,minorfloodrisk

60Navunikodi

60IIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,coarsetextures,m

inorfloodrisk

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

61Saliadrau

61IIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,coarsetextures,m

inorfloodrisk

62Lato

62IIs

Moderatefloodrisk,coarsetextures,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

63Lagilagi

63IIw

Slightfloodrisk,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

64Nacokula

64IIIw

Frequentshort-durationflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,acid,nutrientdefi

-ciencies

65Kedra

65IVw

Frequentflooding,poorlydrained,highseasonalwatertable,slowpermeability

66Talacagi

66IVw

Frequentflooding,poorlydrained,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

67Naqilai

67IVw

Highseasonalwatertable,verypoorlydrained,slowpermeability,clayey,acid

68Wainikai

68IVw

Frequentflooding,verypoorlydrained,highwatertableform

ostofyear,soft

69Vu

revure

69IVw

Frequentflooding,verypoorlydrained,highwatertableform

ostofyear

70Nasou

70A


70B,70C

IIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,seasonalm


71Drasa

71A

IIsNutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

71B,71C

IIeSlighterosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

72Molam

olau

72III

sAcid,nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmoisturedeficits,rarefloodrisk

73Lautoka

73IIs

Clayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,som

enutrientdeficiencies,imperfectlydrained

74Wailotua

74D,74E

,74F,74G

VIIs

Shallowsoils,jaggedlim

estoneoutcrops,traceelem

entdeficiencies

74H

VIII

sVe

rysteepslopes,shallowsoils,jaggedlim

estoneoutcrops,traceelem

entdeficiencies

75Lami

75E,75F,75G

VIIs

Shallowsoils,surfaceandprofilebuilders,nutrientdeficiencies


75H

VIII

sSlope,shallowsoils,surfaceandprofilebuilders,nutrientdeficiencies

76Tau

76C

VIs

Shallowsoils,verystony,rockoutcrops,alkaline

76D,76E

,76F,76G

VIIs

Slope,shallowsoils,verystony,rockoutcrops,alkaline

76H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoils,verystony,rockoutcrops,alkaline

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

77Vatulele

77H

VIII

sVe

rysteepslopes,shallowsoils,verystony,limestonerockoutcrops,alkaline,severeseasonal

soilmoisturedeficits

78Cikobia

78A,78B

,78C

IVs

Limestoneoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,nutrientdeficien

-cies,rapidpermeability

79Ogea

79III

sVe

rystony,nutrientandtraceelem

entdeficiencies,alkaline,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

80Tuvuca

80III

sSeasonalm

oisturedeficits,nutrientandtraceelem

entdeficiencies,alkaline,manganesetoxicity

81Nayau

81III

sShallowsoil,rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,alkaline,nutrientandtraceelem

ent

deficiencies

82Naevuevu

82A,82B

,82C

Vs

Rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

82D,82E

VIe

Erosionrisk,rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

83Ekubu

83III

sShallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

84Lomaje

84B

IIsRapidsoilpermeability

84C

IIIe

Slighttomoderateerosionrisk,rapidsoilpermeability

84D,84E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,rapidsoilpermeability

85Vu

na85C,85D

IVs

Boulderysurface,profilebouldersandstones,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

85E,85F,85G

VIIe

Erosionrisk,slope,boulderysurface,profilebouldersandstones,rapidpermeability,nutrient

deficiencies

86Losa

86B,86C

,86D

IVs

Veryshallowsoil,verystony,low

availablewaterholdingcapacity,nutrientdeficiencies

87Waiqere

87C,87D

IVe

Moderatetosevereerosion,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

87E

VIe

Slope,m

oderatetosevereerosion,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

88Waioba

88G,88H

VIII

eSlope,severeerosionrisk,nutrientdeficiencies

89Ono

89A,89B

IIsNutrientdeficiencies,few

bouldersandstones

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions


90Dulevi

90A

IIsRapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

90B,90C

IIIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

90D,90E

VIe

Slope,severeerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

91R

eree

91A,91B

IIIs

Moderatenutrientdeficiencies,stonesandboulders

92Laucala

92B

IIsSlightnutrientdeficiencies,rapidpermeability

92C,92D

IVe

Severeerosion,slightnutrientdeficiencies,rapidpermeability

92E

VIe

Slope,severeerosion,slightnutrientdeficiencies,rapidpermeability

93Taveuni

93C,93D

IIIs

Slightnutrientdeficiencies,acid

93E

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,slightnutrientdeficiencies,acid

94K

oro

94G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,steepslopes,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

94H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,moderateerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,rapidpermeability,nutrientdefi

-ciencies

95Ura

95D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,highphosphorousfixation,slightnutrientdeficiencies

95E,95F

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,highphosphorousfixation,slightnutrientdefi

-ciencies

96Nacam

aki

96B

IIIs

Surfaceboulders,profilestoniness,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,highphosphorous

fixation

96C,96D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,profilestoniness,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,

highphosphorousfixation

96E

VIe

Slope,severeerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,profilestoniness,rapidpermeability,nutrientdefi

-ciencies,highphosphorousfixation

97Ravilevu

97G

VIIe

Verysevereerosionrisk,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies

97H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosionrisk,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies

98Vakawau

98E,98F

VIs

Slope,rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,profilestonesandboulders,highphosphorousfixation

99Kirikiri

99A,99B

IIsStony,low

availablewaterholdingcapacity,slightnutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

100

Hafhafu

100B

,100C,100D

IIIs

Shallowrootingdepth,stony,low

availablewaterholdingcapacity,slightnutrientdeficiencies

101

Nabeka

101C

,101D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,slighttomoderatenutrientdeficiencies

101E

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,acid,slighttomoderatenutrientdeficiencies

102

Waioru

102G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,acid,moderatenutrientdeficiencies

102H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,severeerosionrisk,acid,moderatenutrientdeficiencies


103

Tabaka

103C

,103D

IVe

Severepasterosion,verysevereerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies,

veryhighrainfall

103E

VIe

Slope,severepasterosion,verysevereerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,acid,slightnutrientdefi

-ciencies,veryhighrainfall

104

Qeleni

104C

,104D

IIIs

Clayey,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies,aluminiumtoxicity

104E

VIe

Slope,slighttomoderateerosionrisk,clayey,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies,aluminiumtoxicity

105

Nasau

105F,105G

VIIe

Severepasterosion,severeerosionrisk,shallowprofile,surfaceboulders,slightnutrientdefi

-ciencies

105H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,severepasterosion,severeerosionrisk,shallowprofile,surfaceboulders,

slightnutrientdeficiencies

106

Nacaugai

106G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,surfaceboulders,acid,highphosphorousretention,

nutrientdeficiencies

106H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,moderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,surfaceboulders,acid,highphos

-phorousretention,nutrientdeficiencies

107

Tavuyaga

107G

VIIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,highphosphorous

retention

107H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,moderatetosevereerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,

highphosphorousretention

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

108

Mafua

108D

IVs

Shallowrootingdepth,stony,low

availablewaterholdingcapacity,m

oderatenutrientdeficien

-ci

es108E

,108F,108G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowrootingdepth,stony,low


oder

-atenutrientdeficiencies

108H

VIII

eSlope,shallowrootingdepth,stony,low


oderatenutrient

deficiencies

109

Ror

oa109D

IVs

Shallowrootingdepth,lowavailablewaterholdingcapacity,m

oderatenutrientdeficiencies

109E

,109F,109G

VIIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,shallowrootingdepth,lowavailablewaterholdingcapacity,m

od-

eratenutrientdeficiencies

109H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosionrisk,shallowrootingdepth,lowavailablewaterholding

capacity,m

oderatenutrientdeficiencies

110

Sam

abula

110A

IIIs

Shallowsoil,clayey,alkaline

110B

,110C,110D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,clayey,alkaline

110E

,110F,110G

VIIe

Slope,m

oderatetosevereerosionrisk,shallowsoil,clayey,alkaline

110H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,clayey,alkaline


111

Nalotu

111C

,111D

IVs

Shallowsoil,clayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,slightnutrientdeficiencies

111E

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,shallowsoil,clayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,slightnutrient

deficiencies

112

Korom

avu

112D

IVs

Shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmoisturedeficits

112E

,112F

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmoisturedefi-

cits

112G

VIIe

Steepslopes,moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmois-

turedeficits

112H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,severeseasonalmois-

turedeficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

113

Key

asi

113E

,113F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

113E

,113F

VIe


113G

VIIe

Steepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

113H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficien

-ci

es114

Nadroga

114C

IVs

Shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

114D

IVe

Soilerosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

114E

,114F

VIe


114G

VIIe

Steepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

114H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficien

-ci

es


115

Mom

i115B

,115C

IIIs

Clayey,seasonalm


115D

IVe

Slope,erosionrisk,clayey,seasonalm


115E

,115F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,clayey,seasonalm


115G

VIIe

Steepslopes,erosionrisk,clayey,seasonalm


115H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,erosionrisk,clayey,seasonalm


116

Sabeto

116C

,116D

IVe

Erosionrisk,severepasterosion,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

116E

,116F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,severepasterosion,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

117

Naqalotu

117F

VIe

Erosionrisk,shallowsoil,stony,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

117G

VIIe

Steepslopes,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,stony,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

118

Emuri

118A

IIIw

Wetseasonwaterlogging,clayey,verticproperties,nutrientdeficiencies

118B

,118C

IIIs

Clayey,verticproperties,seasonalm


119

Suva

119B

,119C

IIIs

Clayey,nutrientdeficiencies

120

Yako

120B

IIIs

Shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,seasonmoisturedeficits

120C

,120D

IVe

Severepastandpotentialerosionrisk,shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,seasonmoisture

deficits

120E

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,seasonmoisturedeficits

121

Burenitu

121B

,121C

IIIs

Clayey,nutrientdeficiencies

121D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,clayey,nutrientdeficiencies

121E

,121F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,clayey,nutrientdeficiencies

121G

VIIe

Steepslopes,erosionrisk,clayey,nutrientdeficiencies

122

Dobuilevu

122B

,122C

IIsNutrientdeficiencies

122D

IVe

Erosionrisk,slope,nutrientdeficiencies

122E

,122F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk

122G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,nutrientdeficiencies

122H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,nutrientdeficiencies

123

Mataw

ailevu

123A

,123B

IIsClayey,nutrientdeficiencies,slowsubsoilpermeability


124

Lobau

124C

IIIs

Acid,severenutrientdeficiencies

124D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,acid,severenutrientdeficiencies

124E

,124F

VIe

Slope,erosionrisk,acid,severenutrientdeficiencies

124G

VIIe

Slope,verysevereerosionrisk,acid,severenutrientdeficiencies

124H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosion,acid,severenutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

125

Visa

125B

,125C

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies

125D

IVe

Slope,erosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

125E

,125F

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

125G

VIIe

Slope,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

125H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

126

Sot

e126B

IIIs


126C

,126D

IVe

Erosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

126E

,126F

VIe

Erosion(includinglandslides),slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

126G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

126H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosion,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

127

Waimaro

127B

,127C

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,limitedrootingvolume

127D

IVe

Erosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,limitedrootingvolume

127E

,127F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,limitedrootingvolume

127G

VIIe

Slope,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,limitedrootingvolume

127H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,limitedrooting

volume

128

Serua

128E

,128F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,strongacid,nutrientdeficiencies

128G

VIIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,strongacid,nutrientdeficiencies

128H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,severeerosionrisk,moderateerosionrisk,strongacid,nutrientdeficiencies

129

Waidina

129B

,129C

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slowpermeability,pugs

129D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slowpermeability,pugs

129E

,129F

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slowpermeability,pugs

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions


130

Nacula

130C

,130D

IVs


130E

,130F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

130G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosion,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

130H

VIII

eVe


131

Vasilaulau

131D

IVs

Shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

131E

,131F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

131G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisture

deficits

131H

VIII

eVe

rysteepslopes,verysevereerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

132

Waisava

132A

,132B

IIIs

Clayey,slowsubsoilpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

132C

IIIe

Moderateerosionriskundercultivation,clayey,slowsubsoilpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

133

Daria

133A

–D

IIIs

Clayey,im

perfectlydrained,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionriskonslopes>12°when

cultivated

134

Nam

uana

134C

,134D

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionriskonslopes>12°whencultivated

134E

,134F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,m

oderateerosionrisk

134G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

134H

VIII

eVe


135

Sarow

aqa

135F

VIe


135G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

135H

VIII

eVe


Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

136

Gai

gai

136D

IVs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

136E

,136F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

136G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

136H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

137

Driti

137B

,137C

IIIs

Shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,m

oderatelyrapidpermeability

137D

IIIe

Moderateerosion,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,m


137E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,m



138

Nam

atiu

138B

IIIs

Shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

138C

,138D

IIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

138E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

139

Nam

ara

139B

,139C

IIIs

Shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

139D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

139E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

140

Wainikoro

140C

,140D

IVs

Lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,acid,seasonalm


140E

,140F

VIe

Pasterosion,m

oderateerosionrisk,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,acid,seasonalm

oisture

deficits,nutrientdeficiencies

140G

VIIe

Pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,acid,seasonalm

oisturedefi-

cits,nutrientdeficiencies

140H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,low

moisture-holdingcapacity,acid,seasonalm

ois-

turedeficits,nutrientdeficiencies

141

Nukudam

u141A

IIIs


l.toxicity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

141B

,141C,141D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,pasttopsoilloss,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisture

deficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

142

Nukusa

142A

,142B

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

142C

,142D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,severepasterosion,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

143

Vatuvonu

143B

,143C

IIIs

Shallowsoil,acid,low

availableP,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

143D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,low


oisturedeficits

143E

,143F

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,shallowsoil,acid,low


oisturedeficits

144

Kurukuru

144A

IIsAcid,lowPandK,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

144B

,144C

IIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,lowPandK,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

144D

IVe

Severeerosionrisk,acid,lowPandK,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

145

Kelikoso

145A

,145B

IIIs


oisturedeficits,slighterosionriskundercultivation

146

Verevere

146A

,146B,146C

IIIs

Shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

147

Uaua

147A

,147B

IIIs


oisturedeficits


148

Lutu

148C

,148D

IVe


148E

,148F

VIe

Slope,m

oderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

148G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk(includingdebrisslides),slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

148H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

149

Malolo

149D

IVs

Shallowsoil,sandy,rapidpermeability,lowwaterholdingcapacity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,

acid,nutrientdeficiencies

149E

,149F

VIe

Pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,sandy,rapidpermeability,lowwaterholdingca-

pacity,seasonalm


150

Vatubaba

150F

VIe


150G

VIIe


150H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

151

Nadaw

a151B

IIIs

Shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,seriouspasterosion

151C

,151D

IVe

Moderate-severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,seriouspasterosion

151E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,shallowsoil,nutrientdeficiencies,seriouspasterosion

152

Rauriko

152F,152G

VIIe

Slope,pasterosion,m

oderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

152H

VIII

ePasterosion,severeerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,pasterosion,m

oderateerosionrisk,shal-

lowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

153

Yakita

153B

,153C

IIIs

Clayey,highplasticity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

154

Cuku

154D

IVs

Shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,severe

pasterosion

154E

,154F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits,severepasterosion

154G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,nutrientdeficiencies,

seasonalmoisturedeficits,severepasterosion

154H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,lowwaterholdingcapacity,nutrientdefi

-ciencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,severepasterosion


155

Nabuono

155F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

155G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,shallowsoil,

seasonalmoisturedeficits

155H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,m

oderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,

shallowsoil,seasonalmoisturedeficits

156

Dogotuki

156B

,156C

IIIs


156D

IIIe


156E

,156F

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

157

Koroniqala

157B

,157C

IVs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,severepasterosion

157D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,severepasterosion

157E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,severepasterosion

158

Nam

osi

158C

,158D

IVs

Surfaceandprofileboulders,rockoutcrops,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

158E

,158F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,surfaceandprofileboulders,rockoutcrops,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

158G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,surfaceandprofileboulders,rockoutcrops,acid,nutrient

deficiencies

158H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,surfaceandprofileboulders,rockoutcrops,acid,nutri-

entdeficiencies

159

Nauluvatu

159D

IVs


159E

,159F

VIe


159G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

159H

VIII

eVe

ryseriouserosion,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies


160

Narayaw

a160C

,160D

IVs

Coarsetextures,rapidsoilpermeability,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

160E

,160F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,coarsetextures,rapidsoilpermeability,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,

acid,nutrientdeficiencies

160G

VIIe

Steepslopes,severeerosionrisk(includingrotationalslumping),coarsetextures,rapidsoil

permeability,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

160H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,coarsetextures,rapidsoilpermeability,lowmoisture-

holdingcapacity,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

161

Savudrodro

161C

,161D

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionrisk

161E

,161F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionrisk

161G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionpotential

161H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionpotential

162

Vunatoto

162D

IVs

Profileboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

162E

,162F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,profileboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

162G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,profileboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

162H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,profileboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

163

Vitawa

163F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,pasterosion,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

163G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,pasterosion,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisture

deficits

163H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,pasterosion,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

164

Yavuna

164B

IIIs

Lowwaterholdingcapacity,seasonalm


164C

,164D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,pasterosion,low

waterholdingcapacity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,

nutrientdeficiencies

164E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,pasterosion,low

waterholdingcapacity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,nutri-

entdeficiencies

165

Tabuquto

165A

,165B

IIIs

Clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

165C

,165D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits


Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

166

Nai

loca

166D

IVs


l.toxicity,surfaceboulders

166E

,166F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


166G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


166H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity,surfaceboul-

ders

167

Vaidoko

167B

IIIs


167C

,167D

IVe

Erosionriskifcultivated,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

167E

,167F

VIe


167G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

167H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

168

Lodoni

168B

IIIs

Clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

168C

,168D

IVe

Erosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

168E

,168F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

168G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

168H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

169

Gau

169A

,169B


169C

,169D

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slighterosionriskifcultivated

170

Tailevu

170C

,170D

IVs

Surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

170E

,170F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

170G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

170H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

171

Solevu

171B

IIIs


171C

,171D

IVe


171E

,171F

VIe

Slope,severeerosion,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions


172

Seatura

172D

IVs

Surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,stony

172E

,172F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,stony

172G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,stony

172H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,stony

173

Wainunu

173A

,173B

IIIs

Clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

173C

,173D

IVe

Moderateerosionifcultivated,clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

173E

,173F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

174

Nakavika

174A

,174B

IIIs

Clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

174C

,174D

IVe

Moderateerosionriskifcultivated,clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixa

-tion

174E

,174F

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

175

Gal

oa175B

IIIs

Clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

175C

,175D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

175E

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,Al.toxicity

176

Lomaiviti

176C

,176D

IIIs


176E

,176F

VIe


177

Navava

177A

,177B

IIsSlightnutrientdeficiencies

177C

,177D

IIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slightnutrientdeficiencies

177E

,177F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk(includingsoilslips),slope,slightnutrientdeficiencies

177G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,slightnutrientdeficiencies

177H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,slightnutrientdeficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions


178

Raviravi

178B

IIIs

Rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

178C

,178D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,

Al.toxicity

178E

,178F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,nutri-

entdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

178G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,nutrient

deficiencies,Al.toxicity

178H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,rapidpermeability,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,acid,

nutrientdeficiencies,A

l.toxicity

179

Nai

rai

179C

,179D

IVe

Pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

179E

,179F,179G

VIIe

Slope,pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

179H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,acid,nutrient

deficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

180

Lakeba

180D

IVs

Shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

180E

,180F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

180G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

180H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

181

Tuva

181A

,181B

IIIs


oisturedeficits

181C

,181D

IVe


oisturedeficits

181E

,181F

Vie

Severeerosionrisk,pasterosion,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

182

Lau

182B

IIIs


oisturedeficits

182C

,182D

IVe


oisturedeficits

182E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,pasterosion,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits


183

Delaimatai

183C

,183D

IVs


oisturedeficits,clayey

183E

,183F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm


183G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm


183H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedefi-

cits,clayey

184

Nam

alata

184B

IIIs

Acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

184C

,184D

IVe

Moderateerosionriskwhenforestcleared,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

184E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

185

Vuya

185B

IIIs


oisturedeficits

185C

,185D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

185E

,185F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

185G

VIIe


oisturedeficits

185H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

186

Kavula

186E

,186F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

186G

VIIe


oisturedeficits

186H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,nutrientdeficien

-ci

esSe

ries

IDSo

il Se

ries

Nam

eSo

il M

ap U

nit C

ode

Land

Use

Cap

abili

ty

Cla

ssM

ain

Soil

Lim

itatio

ns

187

Naw

ai187B

IIIs

Clayey,verticproperties,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

187C

,187D

IVs

Clayey,slope,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

188

Makom

ako

188B

IIIs


oisturedeficits

188C

,188D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

188E

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

189

Tabia

189A

,189B

IIIs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,clayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

189C

,189D

IVs

Slighterosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits


190

Kubuna

190B

IIIs

Clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

190C

,190D

IVe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

190E

VIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

191

Totoya

191B

IIsNutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

191C

,191D

IIIe

Moderatetosevereerosionriskwhencultivated,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

192

Nanukuloa

192B

,192C,192D

IVs

Shallowsoil,surfacerockoutcropsandboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisture

deficits

192E

,192F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,surfacerockoutcropsandboulders,acid,nutrientdeficien

-cies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

192G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,shallowsoil,surfacerockoutcropsandboulders,acid,nutri-

entdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

192H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,surfacerockoutcropsandboulders,

acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

193

Nabiti

193B

IIIs



oisturedeficits,rapidpermeability

193C

,193D

IVe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisturedefi-

cits,rapidpermeability

193E

VIe

Severeerosion,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisturedeficits,rapid

permeability

194

Lekutu

194C

,194D

IVe

Pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisture

deficits

194E

,194F

VIe

Slope,pasterosion,severeerosionrisk,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

ois-

turedeficits

195

Varaciva

195E

,195F,195G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,unevensurfaceduetopasterosion,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisturedeficits

195H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,unevensurfaceduetopasterosion,acid,nutrient

deficiencies,Al.toxicity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

196

Rew

asa

196B

,196C,196D

IVs

Rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

ois-

turedeficits

196E

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,clayey,acid,nutrientdefi

-ciencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits


197

Tavua

197C

,197D

IVs

Surfaceboulders,clayey,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

197E

,197F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,clayey,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

ois-

turedeficits

198

Vatukoula

198C

,198D

IVs

Rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,shallowsoil,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

198E

,198F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,shallowsoil,acid,nutrient

deficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

198G

,198H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,shallowsoil,

acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

199

Yaqara

199A

,199B

IIsClayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

199C

IIIs

Slope,clayey,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

200

Macuata

200C

,200D

IVs

Slope,nutrientdeficiencies,A

l,toxicity,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,pasterosion(unevenground

surface)

200E

,200F,200G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,slope,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisturedeficits,pastero

-sion(unevengroundsurface)

200H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,nutrientdeficiencies,A


oisturedefi-

cits,pasterosion(unevengroundsurface)

201

Rukuruku

201B

IIIs


oisturedeficits

201C

,201D

IVe

Moderateerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

202

Delaibo

202D

IVs

Boulderyandstonysoils,limitedrootingdepth,nutrientdeficiencies

202E

,202F

VIs

Slope,slighterosionrisk,boulderyandstonysoils,limitedrootingdepth,nutrientdeficiencies

202G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,steepslopes,boulderyandstonysoils,limitedrootingdepth,nutrient

deficiencies

202H

VIII

eModeratetosevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,boulderyandstonysoils,limitedrooting

depth,nutrientdeficiencies

203

Naw

eni

203A

IIwPoorlydrained,slowpermeability,infrequentflooding

203B

,203C

IIIw

Poorlydrained,slowpermeability,slope

204

Batiwai

204B

IIsClayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

204C

,204D

IIIs

Slope,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

204E

,204F

Vie

Moderatetosevereerosionriskwhereforestcleared,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

204G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,clayey,acid,nutrientdeficiencies


205

Bureni

205C

,205D

IVs

Clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

205E

,205F

Vie

Moderateerosionriskwhenforestcleared,slope,clayey,slowpermeability,acid,nutrientdefi

-ciencies

206

Korotuku

206A

,206B

IIsRapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,P

retention

206C

IIIe

Erosionriskwhencultivated,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,P

retention

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions

207

Delainacau

207C

,207D

IVs

Acid,nutrientdeficiencies,slope,slighttomoderateerosionriskifcultivated

207E

,207F

VIe

Moderatetosevereerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

208

Ledrutua

208C

,208D

IVs

Shallowsoil,stony,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits,slighterosionrisk

208E

,208F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,shallowsoil,stony,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisturedeficits

208G

VIIe

Severeerosionrisk,steepslopes,shallowsoil,stony,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonalm

oisture

deficits

208H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,shallowsoil,stony,nutrientdeficiencies,seasonal

moisturedeficits

209

Kuta

209

VIIIw

Permanentlyflooded,nutrientdeficiencies

210

Nadranu

210

IVw

Floods,imperfectlydrained

211

Nadala

211


212

Navai

212

IIsAcid,subsoilboulders,P

fixation,infrequentflooding

213

Nadrau

213

IIIw

Poorlydrained,infrequentflooding

214

Nai

tata

214E

,214F

VIs

Slope,rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies

214G

VIIe

Moderateerosionrisk,steepslopes,rockoutcrops,surfaceandprofileboulders,rapidperme-

ability,nutrientdeficiencies

215

Manuka

215D

,215E

IVs

Rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,rapidpermeability,nutrientdeficiencies,acid,Pfixation

216

Ucunilawe

216G

,216H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosionrisk,steepslopes,surfaceboulders,rockoutcrops,acid,Pfixation,nutrient

deficiencies

217

Soqulu

217G

,217H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,steepslopes,acid,Pfixation,nutrientdeficiencies

218

Matana

218D

IVs

Rapidpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

218E

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,rapidpermeability,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

219

Sal

iala

ilai

219G

,219H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,surfaceboulders,steepslopes,rapidpermeability,acid,Pfixation,nutrient

deficiencies

Serie

s ID

Soil

Serie

s N

ame

Soil

Map

Uni

t Cod

eLa

nd U

se C

apab

ility

C

lass

Mai

n So

il Li

mita

tions


220

Tagimaucia

220A

,220B

Vc

Constantw

etness,acid,Pfixation,nutrientdeficiencies

221

Lewa

221A

,221B


221C

,221D

IVe


221E

,221F

VIe

Slope,m

oderatetosevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

221G

VIIe


221H

VIII

eVe

rysevereerosion,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

222

Waibici

222C

,222D

IIIs


222E

,222F

VIe

Moderateerosion,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

222G

VIIe

Severeerosion,steepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

223

Monasavu

223D

IIIs


223E

,223F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

223G

,223H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

224

Nadarivatu

224C

,224D

IVs

Rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

224E

,224F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

224G

,224H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,steepslopes,rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

225

Wailulu

225A

,225B


225C

,225D

IIIs

Slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

225E

,225F

VIe


225G

,225H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

226

Nabuesa

226B


226C

,226D

IIIs

Slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

226E

,226F

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,slope,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

226G

,226H

VIII

eSevereerosionrisk,verysteepslopes,acid,nutrientdeficiencies

227

Qalinaolo

227A

,227B

IIsStony,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

227C

,227D

IIIs

Slope,stony,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation

227E

VIe

Moderateerosionrisk,stony,acid,nutrientdeficiencies,P

fixation


6. LAND AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANT FOR CROP GROWTH

6.1 Introduction

Theprocessofinterpretingbasicsoilsurveyandlaboratorycharacterisationofsoilsdatathroughthekeystepsofas-sessingsuitabilityofsoilsforcropproduction,thenultimatelygrossmarginsforcropsrequiredacompilationofsoilat-tributessignificantforcropgrowthintoauser-friendlyformat.Notethesoiltechnicalinformationisavailableelsewhere,viz.Fiji Soil Taxonomic Unit Description Handbook(LeslieandSeru,1998).

Theextendedlegend(Table3)endeavourstopresentinformationinaformatthatcanbeeasilyutilisedbyextensionofficers,planners,etc.topromoteagro-productionwithfarmersandagri-businessdevelopers.

Togiveinterpretativebackgroundtothecolumnsintheextendedlegendexplanatorynotesfollow.

(i) Slope microrelief

SlopeclassandrangeofslopesaregivenintermsofslopeclassesdefinedbytheLandUseSectionof

KoroniviaResearchStation(MinistryofAgricultureandFisheries1977):

-Flattogentlyundulating(0° to 3°)

- Undulating(4°to7°)

- Easyrolling(8°to11°)

- Rolling(12°to15°)

- Stronglyrolling(16°to20°)

- Moderatelysteep(21°to25°)

- Steep(26°to35°)

-Verysteep(>35°)

Microreliefisusedtodescribesmall-scaledifferencesinreliefonthemacrorelief,andisnottobeconfusedwithlowrelief.Thegeneralsurfacemaybenearlyuniformoritmaybeinterruptedbysteps,minordepressionsandmoundsthatarecommonlynomorethanafewmetresacrossandhavesignificantdifferencesinelevationof50cmto1morevenless.Thesmallterracettesonhillsideswheresoilcreepisactive,andminiaturehummocks,aretypicalexamples.

(ii) Susceptibility to flooding

Describestheseverityandsusceptibility,orotherwise,tofloodingexperiencedbythesoil.Thefrequency(timesperyear)offlooding,theduration(days)floodwaterspondandtheperiod(month)intheyearwhenfloodingoccurs.Themajorityofsoilsneverexperienceflooding.

(iii) Susceptibility to erosion

Givestheseverityandtypeofsoilerosionunderthemajorpresentlanduses.Itrecordsevidenceofacceleratedremovalordepositionofmaterialastheresultoferosionprocessesanddistinguishesbetweenwatererosion(sheet,rill,gully),massmovement(debrisslidesandavalanches,mudflows,rotationalslumps),waterdeposition,winderosionandwinddeposition.Thedegreeorseverityoferosionisgiveninrelativetermsofnil,slight,moderate,severeandverysevere.

(iv) Susceptibility to waterlogging

Describestheseverityandsusceptibilityforsoilstowaterlog.Thepositionordepthinthesoilatwhichwaterloggingoccursinnormalyears,theduration(days)andperiod(months)intheyearwhenwaterloggingoccursaregiven.Themajorityofsoilsneverexperiencewaterlogging.

(v) Susceptibility to drought

Describestheprobability innormalyearsformoisturedeficitstobeexperiencedinsoils.Theduration(days)ofsoil


moisturedeficitandtheperiod(months)intheyearwhendeficitsoccuraregiven.Manysoilsneverexperiencemoisturedeficitsinnormalyears.

(vi) Overall drainage

GivestheoveralldrainageclassesforthesoilbasedonthosegivenbyTaylorandPohlen(1979).Theclassesarede-finedbythefrequencyanddurationofwetperiodsandthespeedatwhichwaterisremovedfromthesoil.Profilefea-turessuchaspresenceorabsenceofferruginousmottlesandgreyishcoloursareusedintheidentificationofclasses.Thesoildrainageclassesare:verypoorlydrained;poorlydrained;imperfectlyorsomewhatpoorlydrained;moderatelywelldrained;welldrained;somewhatexcessivelydrained;andexcessivelydrained.Theclassreferstonaturaldrainageconditionsprevailingatsiteswherethesoiloccurs.

(vii) Profile textural pattern

Givesanyvariationsinsoiltexturewithintheprofiletoasoildepthof120cm.Thethickness(cm)anddepth(cm)fromthesoilsurfaceofthedifferenthorizonsaredescribed.Alluviumorweatheredorunweatheredin situ rock,ifencounteredwithinthe120cm,isalsodescribed.ThetextureclassesfollowSoil Taxonomy(SoilSurveyStaff1975)andaredefinedasfollows:

(a) classeswithlessthan18%clay:

• sand:80%ormoresandand8%orlessclay

• loamysand:lessthan80%sand,8%orlessclay,andlessthan40%silt

• sandyloam:morethan8%clayandlessthan40%silt

• loamysilt:between40%and82%silt

• silt:morethan82%silt

(b) classeswith18%to35%clay:

• sandyclayloam:15%orlesssilt

• clayloam:morethan15%andlessthan40%silt

• siltloam:40%ormoresilt

(c) classeswithmorethan35%clay:

• siltyclay:lessthan60%clayand30%ormoresilt

• loamyclay:lessthan60%clayandlessthan30%silt

• clay:60%clayormore

Asizequalifiermaybeusedasaprefixinsand,loamysand,sandyloamandsandyclayloamsoiltextureclasses:coarse,medium,fine.

Estimatesofthepercentageoforganicmatterintopsoilsaremade,basedonthefeelandcolourofthematerial.Soilmaterialwith17%organicmatterormoreisrecordedasfollows:

17-30%slightlypeatysiltloam(orothertexturalclass)

30-50%sandypeat(with>50%sandinmineralfraction)

30-50%loamypeat(with<50%sandinmineralfraction)

>50% peat

(viii) Minimum effective rooting depth

Effectiverootingdepthdescribesthesoilvolumeavailableforplantrootstopenetrateandtakeupwater,nutrients,etc.andtogivestabilitytotheplant.

Oncompactrock,thevolumeofsoilpenetratedbyrootsislimitedbythedepthofsoil,thoughafewrootscanbreakoutthroughcracksandfissures.Onlooseorweatheredrocksandalluvium,suchasgravelsandsands,rootspenetratebeyondthesoil.

Easeofrootingdependsprimarilyonsoilstructure,textureandconsistency.Ironpans,concretions,verythickclay-richhorizons,highwatertables(canbeseasonal)orimpededdrainage,salinity,etc.canconfinerootstoonlypartofthesoil.Depthstotheimpedimentaregivenandthenatureofthefeaturecontrollingthis,suchashighwatertable,aluminiumtoxicity,lownutrientstatus,aredescribed.


Asoilonwhichrootspenetratetoonly10cmwouldbedescribedasveryshallow;10–25cm,shallow; 25–50cm,medium;50–100cm,deep;andover100cm,verydeep.Thedepthtowhichrootspenetratealso depends,obviously,onthetypeofplant.

(ix) Outcrops and surface stones and boulders

Rockoutcropsandsurfacebouldersandstonesinfluenceaccessandworkabilityinthecaseofmechanisation.Intheextendedlegend,thepercentageofthegroundsurfaceofthesiteoccupiedhasbeenestimated:

(i) rockoutcrops:in situbedrockthatprotrudesthroughthesoil;

(ii) boulders:detachedrockmasseswithdiametersofmorethan200mm.

(x) Acidity/Alkalinity

Soilreaction,theintensityofsoilacidityoralkalinity,isanindicatorofmanyothersoilqualities.ItisexpressedinunitsofpHwherepH7isneutral,lowervaluesindicateacidity,andhighervaluesalkalinity.ThegeneraltermsfordescribingtherangeofpHare:

Extremelyacid <4.5 Slightlyalkaline 7.1-7.5

Stronglyacid 4.5–5.2 Mod.alkaline 7.6–8.3

Mod.acid 5.3–5.9 Stronglyalkaline 8.4–9.0

Slightlyacid 6.0–6.5 Extremelyalkaline >9.0

Nearneutral 6.6–7.0

Acidityoralkalinitystatusisgivenforwholesoilprofileor,wherethereisvariation,fortheindividualhorizon(s) withsoildepths.

(xi) Salinity

SalinesoilsareofrelativelysmallextentinFiji.Theyarerestrictedtothesalinegley(acidsulphate)soilsof coastalmangrovemarshes.Onlyafewkindsofplantssurviveinsoilsstronglyaffectedbysalt.Onlyfivesoil seriesaremoderatelyorstronglyaffectedbysalt.

(xii) Known limiting nutrients

Animportantoutcomeofthenationalsoilsurveyandfullcharacterisationofsoilsistomakeasgoodanestimateaspossibleofthefertilityofthesoilseriesrecognised.Afertilesoilmaybedefinedasonewhosepropertiesen-ableittogrowgoodcropsoveralongperiodoftime,andsoilfertilityistheattributeofasoilconcernedwithitscapacitytogrowusefulplants.

• ManyofthesoilsinFijidonotattaintheideal,anditisthepurposeofthisreporttoestimatewhichsoilseriesfallshortinthisrespect.Basedonlaboratoryanalysesdesignedtofullycharacterisesoilsandfacilitatesoilclassifications,thosesoilattributesofrelevancetosoilfertilitywerealsoderived.Thekeysoilattributeslimitingcropproductionconsideredwere:

• Cation-exchangeproperties(exchangecapacity–CEC;

• basesaturation;

• exchangeablebases–calcium,magnesium,potassiumandsodium);

• totalnitrogen;

• extractablephosphorousandphosphorousretention;

• exchangeablealuminium;

• adsorbedsulphate.

Onlythoseattributesgivinglimitingvaluesarelistedintheextendedlegendexpressedasloworverylow valuesand,ifrelevant,whereintheprofile(depth)theselimitationsoccur.


Tabl

e 3:

Ext

ende

d le

gend

: la

nd a

nd s

oil a

ttrib

utes

sig

nific

ant f

or c

rop

grow

th

Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Ba

43B

Undulating(4-7°).Very

unevenmicroreliefdue

towindthrow

andpast

erosion.

Neverfloods.

Extremepastsheetandrill

erosion.V

erysevere

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

grittyclayloam

.30-60cm+clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock).

<30cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Strongly

weatheredregolith

exposedin10%

ofarea.

Surfacestonescover

10%ofarea.

0-63cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

%BS,organiccarbon,

phosphorus,calcium

,potassiumandsodium

verylow.CEClow.

Ba

43C

Easyrolling(8-11°).

Veryunevenmicrorelief

duetowindthrow

and

pastrillerosion.

Neverfloods.

Extremepastsheetandrill

erosion.V

erysevere

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-23cm

grittyclayloam

.23-63cm+clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock).

<25cm

Nosurfa

ceoutcrops.

Stronglyweathered

regolithexposedin20%

ofarea.S

urfacestones

andboulderscover10%

ofarea.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

%BS,organiccarbon,

calcium,potassium

,phosphorusandsodium

verylow.CEClow.

Ba

43D,43E

,43F

Rollingtomoderately

steep(12-25°).Very


towindthrow

,deep

rillingandslides.

Neverfloods.

Minorsoilslipsanddebris

slides.Extremepastsheet

andrillerosion.50%of

areahastotalsoilloss.

Verysevereerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-23cm

grittyclayloam

.20-60cm+clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock).

<20cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Strongly

weatheredregolith

exposedin50%

ofarea.

Surfacestonesand

boulderscover20%

of

area.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

%BS,organiccarbon,

calcium,potassium

,phosphorusandsodium

verylow.CEClow.

Bataw

ai204B

,204C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperiencedinnormal

years.

Welldrained.0-13cm

clayloam

.13-143cm

siltyclayloam

.143-220cmstrongly

weatheredinsiturock(silt

loam

).

<140cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-220cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

throughout.Verylow

potassiumbelow

13cm.

Bataw

ai204D

,204E

Rollingtostronglyrolling

(12-20°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheetandrill

erosionpotential.Slight

soilsliperosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperiencedinnorm

al

years.

Welldrained.0-15cm

clayloam

.15-125cm

siltyclayloam

.125-150cm+strongly


loam

).

<125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

throughout.Verylow

potassiumbelow

15cm.

Bataw

ai204F,204G

Moderatelysteepto

steep(21-35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatetoseveresheet

andrillerosionpotential.

Moderatedebrisslide

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare


years.

Welldrained.0-120cmsiltyclayloam

.120-150cmstrongly


loam

).

<125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsexceptinareas

ofmassmovem

ent.No

surfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

throughout.Verylow

potassiumbelow

16cm.

Batiki

55Flat(0°).Few

hummocks(<

30cm

am

plitude).

Innormalyearsfrequent(5

timesperyear)surfa

ce

floodingwithwaterponding

forupto10daysmayoccur

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Watertableatornearthe

groundsurfaceduringthe

monthsNovem

bertoApril

andrarelydropsbelow

60cm

depthinthe

remainingmonths.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare


years.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-30cm

siltyclayloam

.30-

125cm+clay.Note'n'value

>0.7.

<60cm.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Notanalysed.

Bua

40A,40B

Flattoundulating

(0-7°).Generally

smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightpasterosion.


erosionpotentialonslopes

>3°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-17cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.17-49cmfirm

gravelly

clayloam

.

49-109cm

friabletofirm

clay

loam

.109-149cmfriable

clayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-149cm

stronglyacid.

Notevariable

charge.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Possible

alum

iniumtoxicity.

Bua

40C


Generallyuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedseverepast

erosion.S

everesheetand

rillerosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.20-60cmfirm

gravelly

clayloam

.60-120cm

friableclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Com

monlag

gravels.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Notevariable

charge.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Possible

alum

iniumtoxicity.

Bua

40D,40E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedseverepast

erosion.V

erysevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friablegravellyclay

loam

.20-62cmfirm

gravellyclay

loam

.62-125cm

friableclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Com

monlag

gravels.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Notevariable

charge.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Also,possible

alum

iniumtoxicity.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Bucaisau

51Levelornearlevel

(0-1°).

Floodsregularlyassociated

withhighintensitystorm

s.

Highwatertableandslow

runoff.

Noerosionrisk.

Watertableat50cmduring

monthsNovem

bertoApril.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

rarelyexperiencedinnormal

years.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-28cm

firm

stickyclay.28-

50cm

softstickyclay.

>50cmsoftstickymassive

clay.

<50cm.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-50cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

High%BS.Calcium

and

magnesium

medium.

Potassium

verylow.

Bureni

205C

Flattogentlyundulating

(0-3°).Easyrollingto


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Slighttomoderatesheet

andrillerosionpotentialon

slopes>2°whenforest

cleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-10cm

siltyclayloam

.10-100cm

clayloam

.100-150cmsiltyclayloam

.

<100cm

.Iron

panat100cm

.Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Bureni

205D

,205E,

205F

Stronglyrollingtosteep

(16-35°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialw

hen

forestcleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-12cm

siltyclayloam

.12-80cmclayloam

.80-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<80cm.Firm

andweaklyiron

cemented

horizonat

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Burenitu

121B

,121C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).

Generallysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.Potentialsoil

creepwheregrazed.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-16cm

clay.

16-125cm

siltyclayloam

.<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.

Burenitu

121D

,121E


(12-20°).Generally


tosoilcreep.

Neverfloods.

Moderatetoseveresheet,

rill,soilcreepanddebris

slideerosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof60-90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-120cmclayloam

.<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Burenitu

121F,121G

Moderatelysteepto

steep(21-35°).

Terra

cettes.U

neven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheet,soilcreep,

debrisslideandslum

perosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Cikobia

78A,78B

,78C

From

flattoeasyrolling

0-11°).Generallyeven

microreliefinnatural

state.

Neverfloods.

Occurrenceonlyongently

slopinglandnegatesany

potentialerosion.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-22cm

clayloam

.22-95cmclay.

Oncorallinerock.

<75-100cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover<

10%ofarea.

Surfacestonesand

boulderscover10%

of

area.

0-50cm

slightly

alkaline.

50-95cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.Lowcalcium

andmagnesium

below

50cm

.VerylowCEC

>50cmdepth.

Cuku

154D

,154E,

154F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Significantpasterosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-12cm

firm

siltyclay.

12-26cmfirm

siltloam

.26-50cm+friableweathered

insiturock.

<25cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

25cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

occupy8%ofthearea.

Nosurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-26cm

slightly

acid.

26-50cm+near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorusand

potassium.

Cuku

154G

,154H

Steeptoverysteep(26-

40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.




Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-10cm

firm

siltyclayloam

.10-24cmfirm

siltloam

.24-50+friableweatheredin

siturock.

<25cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

25cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

occupy8%ofthearea.

Nosurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-24cm

slightly

acid.

24-50cm+near

neutral.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Daria

133A

Flat(0

-3°).Generally

unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingbelow50cm

maybeexperiencedforup

to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenotexperienced.Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-20cm

clayloam

.20-125cm

clay.

<100cm

.Note

seasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

LowBS%andpotassium

.

Daria

133B

,133C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Hum

mockymicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears



to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


ctly

drained.

0-18cm

clayloam

.18-120cm

clay.

<100cm

.Note

seasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Notevariable

charge.

Nonsaline.

LowBS%andpotassium

.

Daria

133D

Rolling(12-15°).

Unevenmicroreliefw

ith

hummockysurface.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Innormalyears



to40dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


ctly

drained.

0-15cm

clayloam

.15-100cm

clay.

<100cm

.Note

seasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

LowBS%andpotassium

.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Daw

asam

u14

Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-8cmloosesandyloam

.8-120cmloosesand.

>100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-120cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

and

phosphorus.

Delaibo

202D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Innormalyears


(duetosubsoillateralflow

andimperm

eablesubstrate)


to90dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-30cm

clay.

30-65cmsandyclay.

Oninsituweatheredrock

(coarsesand).

<65cm.Note

seasonalsubsoil

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-30cm

slightly

acid.

30-65cmnear

neutral.

65-100cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.

Delaibo

202E

,202F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-25°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Topsoillosseshavebeen

experiencedinsom

eareas.M

oderatesheet


Innormalyears



andimperm

eablesubstrate)


to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-20cm

clay.

20-55cmsandyclay.


(coarsesand).

<55cm.Note

seasonalsubsoil

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.

20-55cmnear

neutral.

55-125cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.

Delaibo

202G

,202H

Steeptoverysteep

(26->35°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Soilslidesinsom

eareas.


andrillerosionpotential

andmoderatedebrisslide

potential.

Innormalyears



andimperm

eablesubstrate)


to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofupto15daysmay

beexperiencedsom

etimein

theperiodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-14cm

clay.

14-48cmsandyclay.


(coarsesand).

<50cm.Note

seasonalsubsoil

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-31cm

slightly

acid.

31-125cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.

Delaimatai

183C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-25cm

clayloam

.25-125cm

siltyclay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylowbelow

15cm

.

Delaimatai

183D

,183E

Rollingtostrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-6cmclayloam

.6-125cmsiltyclay.

<100cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

boulders.

0-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylowbelow

6cm.

Delaimatai

183F,183G

Moderatelysteepto

steep(21-35°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-10cm

siltloam

.10-40cmclayloam

.40-125cm

clay.

<100cm

.Firm

weatheredin

situatabout

100cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

boulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylow.

Delainacau

207C


Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofupto45daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-40cm

friablesandyclay.

40-70cmfirm

sandyclay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<70cm.Insitu

rockat70cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-40cm

moderately

acid.

40-70cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Delainacau

207D

,207E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friableslightlysandy

clay.12-32cmfriableclay.

32-44cmfriableveryslightly

sandyclay.44-69cmfriable

tofirm

sandyclay.O

nweatheredtuff.

<70cm.Insitu

rockat70cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-32cm

moderately

acid.

32-69cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Delainacau

207F

Moderatelysteep

(21-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friablesandyclay.

12-35cmfriableclay.

35-70cmfirm

sandyclay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<70cm.Insitu

rockat70cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-70cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Deuba

13Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Weakly

expressedridgeand

swalemicrorelief.

Innormalyears,and

becauseofhighwatertable

andtopographicalposition,

floodingcanoccurforupto

10dayson3-4occasions

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyearsthewater

tablefluctuatesbetween

60cm

(sum

mer)and90cm

(winter)butcanbeatthe

surfa

ceforshortperiods.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-18cm

finesandyloam

.18-

46cm

mediumsand.46-

115cmcoarsesand.

<90cm.Note

highseasonal

watertableand

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-18cm

moderately

acid.

18-46cm

stronglyacid.

46-69cm

moderately

acid.

69-89cm

stronglyacid.

89-115cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassiumthroughout.

Dobuilevu

122B

,122C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof60daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-50cm

clayloam

.50-90cmsandyclayloam

.90-120cm

loam

ysand(in

siturock).

<90cm.

Par

alith

ic

contactatabout

90cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.

Dobuilevu

122D

,122E


(12-20°).Small

terra

cettes.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheetandsoil

creeperosionpotential.

Severeslum

pingpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof60daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-46cm

clay.

46-103cm

sandyclayloam

.103-130cmloam

ysand(in

siturock).

<100cm

.P

aral

ithic

contactatabout

100cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.

Dobuilevu

122F,122G,

122H

Moderatelytovery

steep(21-40°).

Terra

cettes.U

neven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheetandsoil


Severeslum

pingpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

clay.

30-85cmsandyclay.

85-100cm

loam

ysand(in

siturock).

<85cm.

Par

alith

ic

contactatabout

85cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.

Dogo

5Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).U

neven

microreliefdueto

mangroveroots.

Permanentlyflooded

thoughfluctuatingdiurnally

withthetides.

Noerosionrisk.

Permanentlywaterlogged.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-12cm

hum

icsandyclay

loam

.12-70cmpeatysiltyclay.70-

130cmfinesandyclayloam

.130-180cm+veryfinesandy

clayloam

.

0cm.Dueto

perm

anent

flooding.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

slightly

alkaline.

12-35cm

stronglyacid.

35-130cm

near

neutral.130-

150cmslightly

alkaline.

Strongly

saline.

Lowphosphorus.

Dogotuki

156B

,156C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Haveexperiencedpast

erosion.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etime

duringMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriableclayloam

.8-28cm

friableclay.

28-33cmfriablesiltyclay.

Onweatheredinsituparent

materialofheavyclay.

<35cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturockat

35cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover3%ofthesurface.

Nosurfa

cebouldersor

stones.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Dogotuki

156D

,156E,

156F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severetoverysevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.Have

experiencedpasterosion.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etime

duringMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

friableclayloam

.25-50cmfriableclay.

Onweatheredinsituparent

materialofheavyclay.

<50cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturockat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Nosurfa

cebouldersor

stones.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Drasa

71A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsandon

slopes<2°floodingforupto

3daysdurationmayoccur

on2occasionssom

etimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.

Slightsheeterosion

potentialonslopes>2°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofupto100-120

daysmaybeexperienced

sometimeduringMayto

October.

Welldrained.0-125cmclay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewfine

surfa

cestonesand

gravels.

0-30cm

extremelyacid.

30-75cm

stronglyacid.

75-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen,verylow

potassium,low

phosphorus.

Drasa

71B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof>120daysmaybe

experiencedsom

etime

duringMaytoOctober.


>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewfine

surfa

cestonesand

gravels.

0-80cm

strongly

acid.80-

125cmslightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

,phosphorus,andnitrogen.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Drasa

71C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etime

duringMaytoOctober.


>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-25cm

strongly

acid.25-

125cmslightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassium,and

phosphorusstatus.

Dreketi

4Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Uneven

microreliefdueto

reclam

ationand

drainageworks.

Artificiallydrained.Water

tablestillaffectedbytidal

fluctuations.Innormal

yearswouldsuffer4-5

floods,eachlyingfor2-3

dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyearsanddueto

drainagewatertable

maintainedatabout65-

70cm

.Canexperience

shortdurationwaterlogging

atthesurfa

ceduringflood

andspringtideevents.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-14cm

peatysiltyclay.

14-72cmclay.

72-95cmsiltyclay.

95-141cm

siltyclayloam

.

<60cm.Note

highwatertable

fluctuatingwith

tides.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-14cm

strongly

acid.

14-32cm

extremelyacid.

32-95cm

stronglyacid.

95-120cm

slightlyacid.

Strongly

saline.

Lowphosphorus.V

ery

lownitrogenbelow

14cm.

Driti

137B

,137C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriablesiltloam

.8-30cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.30-45cmfirm

clay

loam

.Onweatheringtuff.

<50cm.Insitu

tuffat50cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-45cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Driti

137D

,137E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.25-50cmfirm

clay

loam

.Onweatheringtuff.

<50cm.Insitu

tuffat50cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-50cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Dulevi

90A


(0-3°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-20cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.20-80cmveryfriable

sandyclay.

80-120cm

friabletofirm

gravellyclayloam

.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-20cm

moderately

acid.

20-120cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.High

phosphateretention.

Dulevi

90B,90C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Microreliefforest

dimpled.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-18cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.18-42cmveryfriable

verysandyclayloam

.42-108cm

veryfriablesandy

clay.

108-120cmgravellyclay

loam

.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-18cm

moderately

acid.

18-120cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline

Lowpotassium

.High

phosphateretention.

Dulevi

90D,90E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Microreliefforest

dimpled.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-15cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.15-70cmveryfriable

sandyclayloam

.70-120cm

friablegravellyclayloam

.

>120cm

Surfacerockoutcrops


Nosurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-15cm

moderately

acid.

15-120cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.High

phosphateretention.

Ekubu

83Flattogentlyundulating

(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Canwaterloginthesubsoil

forupto30dayssom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-3cmloosepumicegrits.3-

18cm

friablegravellyclay.

Onlim

estone.

<40cm.Insitu

limestoneat

40cm

.

Limestonerockoutcrops


Fewsurfaceboulders.

0-38cm

slightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Emuri

118A

,118B

From

flattogently

undulatingtoundulating

(0-7°).Surface

hummocks(G

ilgai).

3-4floodsperyear(water

only)occursom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingmayoccurfor

upto60daysonslopes<4°

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-110cmclay.

<60cm.

Waterloggingat

depthduring

wetseason.

Smectiticclays

inhibitrooting.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-20cm

moderately

acid.

20-60cm

slightlyacid.60-

110cmslightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

20cm

.Verylow

phosphorusthroughout.

Gai

gai

136D

,136E


(12-20°).Forest

dimpledmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



whenforestcleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-50cm

firm

clayloam

.50-86cmfriableveryfine

sandyloam

.86-150cm

boulderyveryfinesandy

loam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesorboulders.

0-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Gai

gai

136F,136G

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-35°).

Forestdimpled

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



whenforestcleared.

Moderatedebrisslide

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedon2-3

occasionssometimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-55cm

firm

clayloam

.55-92cmfriablefinesandy

loam

.92-200cm

friable

boulderysandyloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-200cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Gal

oa175B

,175C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Haveexperiencedpastsoil

erosion.S

everesheetand


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friabletofirm

clay.

12-42cmfirm

clay.

42-103cm

friableclay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-103cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Gal

oa175D

,175E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Haveexperiencedpastsoil

erosion.V

erysevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriableclayloam

.8-35cm

firm

clay.

35-90cmfriabletofirm

clay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-90cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Gau

169A

,169B,

169C

Flattoeasyrolling

(0-11°).Even

microrelief.

Veryshortduration(24

hours)floodingonslopes

<2°duringtheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof<60daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-40cm

friableclayloam

.40-100cm

veryfriablegritty

clay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Gau

169D

Rolling(12-15°).

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosionrisk

whenforestcleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof<90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friableclayloam

.20-80cmveryfriablegritty

clay.

<80cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-80cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Hafhafu

100B

,100C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).Very


toprotrudingrock

outcropsandboulders.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potentialw

henclearedof

forestandcultivated.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-58cm

stonyloam

.58-100cm

+stonyloam

ysand.

<100cm

.

Profuse(>

75%)

bouldersbelow

15cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10-15%ofthe

area.Surfaceboulders

andstonescover12-

15%ofthearea.

0-100cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

15cm

.VeryhighP

retention.

Hafhafu

100D

Rolling(12-15°).

Ver

y unevenmicroreliefdue

toprotrudingrock

outcropsandboulders.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheeterosion

potentialfollowingforest

clearance.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-52cm

stonyloam

.52-125cm

stonyloam

ysand.

<100cm

.Profuse(>

75%)

bouldersbelow

12cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover15%

ofthearea.

Surfacebouldersand

stonescover10-12%of

thearea.

0-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

12cm

.VeryhighP

retention.

Kavula

186E

,186F,

186G

,186H

Stronglyrollingtovery

stee

p (16-40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedintheperiod

MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-37cm

friableclayloam

.37-93cmfriablesiltyclay.

93-111cm

firm

gravellysilty

clay.

<100cm

.Insitu

rockat100cm

.Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfacestonesand

boulderscover5%of

thesurfa

ce.

0-37cm

moderately

acid.

37-111cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowinnitrogenand

phosphorus.

Kedra

65Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Even

microrelief.

1in20yearreturnperiod

forfloodsdepositing

alluvium

.2in1yearreturn

periodforotherfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Waterlogsbelow

60cmfor

4monthsintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-23cm

friablesandyclay

loam

.23-40cmfirm

tofriable

sandyclay.

40-90cmsoftclay.

<60cm.Water

tableat60cm

duringthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-90cm

moderatelyacid

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Kei

yasi

113C


Com

monlysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Slightsoilsliperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-35cm

siltyclayloam

.35-

68cm

clayloam

.68-125cm

insituweathered

rock(sandyclayloam

).

<65cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

65cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-21cm

strongly

acid.

21-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

potassiumandnitrogen.

Kei

yasi

113D

,113E,

113F,113G,

113H

Rollingtoverysteep(12-

38°).Uneven

microrelief(terra

cettes).

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Moderatesoilslipand

debrisslidepotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-37cm

siltyclayloam

.27-65cmclayloam

.65-125cm

insituweathered

rock(sandyclayloam

).

<65cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

65cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5-8%.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-20cm

strongly

acid.20-

125cmslightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Kelikoso

145A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



slop

es >2°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-18cm

clayloam

.18-125cm

clay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

18cm

.

Kelikoso

145B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-17cm

clayloam

.17-125cm

clay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Kirikiri

99A


(0-3°).Uneven

microreliefdueto

surfa

cebouldersand

protrudingoutcrops.

Neverfloods.

Veryslightsheeterosion

potentialw

henclearedof


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-22cm

stonysiltloam

.22-50cmstonyloam

.50-122cm

+boulderysandy

loam

.

<100cm

.Boulders

abundantbelow

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10%

ofarea.

Surfaceboulderscover

5-10%ofthearea.

0-22cm

slightly

acid.22-

122cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

22cm

.VeryhighP

retention.

Kirikiri

99B

Undulating(4-7°).

Unevenmicroreliefdue

tosurfacebouldersand

protrudingrock

outcrops.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potentialw

henclearedof


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-60cm

stonyloam

.60-125cm

boulderysandy

loam

.

<100cm

.Boulders

abundantbelow

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

over12-15%ofthe


cover8-12%

ofthe

area.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.20-

125cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

20cm

.VeryhighP

retention.

Kor

o94G,94H

Steepandverysteep

(26-40°).Veryuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


beexperiencedsom

etimein


Welldrained.0-13cm

veryfriablesilty

clay.

13-30cmfriablesiltloam

.Onweatheredinsitubasalt.

<50cm.Insitu

weathered

basaltat50cm.

Rockoutcropscover

15%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy20%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.H

ighphosphate

fixationproperties.

Korokadi

42A


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Innormalyearsfloodsupto

3-4daysoccuron4-5

occasionsduringthewet

season.

Noerosionhazard.

Innormalyearsmay

waterlogforupto10days

on4-5occasionsinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-27cm

friablegravellysilty

loam

.27-82cmfirm

gravelly

clayloam

.82-129cm

friableclayloam

.129-159cmfirm

grittyclay

loam

.

>150cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-159cm

stronglyacid.

Variable

charge.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Aluminium

toxicity.

Korokadi

42B

Undulating(4-7°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-30cm

veryfriablegrittysilt

loam

.30-61cmfriablegritty

finesandyclay.

61-134cm

friabletofirm

gravellysiltloam

.134-149cmfirm

grittysilty

clayloam

.

>150cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surfacefine

stonesandgravels(iron

nodules)cover20%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-149cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Aluminium

toxicity.

Korom

avu

112E

,112F,

112G

,112H


stee

p (16-40°).Uneven

microreliefw

ith

terra

cettesandsm

all

soilslips.

Neverfloods.

Severesoilcreep,sheet,

shallowsoilslipanddebris


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

siltloam

.10-20cmcoarsesandy

loam

.Oninsitufractured

rock.

<20cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10-12%ofthe

area.Fewsurface

stones.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Loworganiccarbonand

potassium.

Koroniqala

157B

,157C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friableslightlysandy

clay.

10-60cmfirm

clay.O

ncompactstronglyweathered

parentmaterialofvery

plasticclay.

<60cm.

Weatheredin

situparent

materialat

60cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Nosurfa

cebouldersor

stones.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

nitrogenandpotassium.

Koroniqala

157D

,157E


(12-20°).

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriablesandyclay

loam

.8-50cm

firm

clay.O

nstronglyweatheredinsitu

rock.

<50cm.

Weatheredrock

at50cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Nosurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-50cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Koronivia

44A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.Som

epuggingwheregrazed.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Duetoclayeytexturesand

imperfe

ctdrainagewater

maysurfacepondforshort

periods(1-2days)during

theperiodNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-41cm

siltloam

.41-100cm

clayloam

.100-

130cmsiltyclayloam

.

>100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-41cm

moderately

acid.

41-130cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow

throughout.Phosphorus

lowbelow

18cm.

Koronivia

44B,44C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-35cm

siltloam

.35-90cmclayloam

.90-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<90cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

90cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-35cm

moderately

acid.

35-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow

throughout.Phosphorus

lowbelow

17cm.

Korotuku

206A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-40cm

friableclayloam

.40-110cm

firm

clay.

110-125cmfirm

sandyclay

loam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogenand

potassium.High

phosphateretention.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Korotuku

206B

,206C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-38cm

friabletoveryfriable

clayloam

.38-107cm

friabletofirm

clay.

107-137cmfirm

slightlygritty

heavyclay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-137cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogenand

potassium.High

phosphateretention.

Korovuli


(0-3°).Microreliefhas

slightalluvialridgeand

swale.

Neverflooded.

Noerosionrisk.

Duetoheavyclaytextures

profilesbelow80cmmay

experiencesomeshort

durationwaterlogging

sometimesduringthe

monthsofNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsareexperienced

>100dayssometimewithin


Welldrained.0-125cmsiltyclay.

>100cm

.Nutrient

deficiencies

below50cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Organiccarbonislowin

topsoilandverylowin

subsoils.Low%

BSat

depth.P

otassium

very

lowthroughout.

Kubuna

190B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-14cm

clayloam

.14-125cm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

extremelylow.

Phosphorusandnitrogen

low.

Kubuna

190C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-12cm

clayloam

.12-125cm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

extremelylow.


low.

Kubuna

190D

,190E


(12-20°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits100-120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-10cm

clayloam

.10-125cm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

extremelylow.


low.

Kurukuru

144A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Floodsrarelysom

etimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.R

eturnperiod1in15

years.

Accum

ulatingsite.No

erosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

siltyclayloam

.15-45cmfinesandyclay

loam


.55-

125cmclayloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

extremelyacid.Nonsaline.

Potassium

lowtoverylow.

Kurukuru

144B

,144C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

clayloam


loam

.50-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

extremelyacid.

10-50cm

stronglyacid.

50-125cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

lowtoverylow.

Kurukuru

144D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

clayloam

.10-60cmfinesandyclay.60-

68cm

siltyclayloam

.68-125cm

siltyclay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.60-

125cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

lowtoverylow.

Kuta

209

Flat.Uneven

(hum

mocky)m

icrorelief.Permanentlyflooded.

Noerosionrisk.


Neverexperiencessoil

moisturedeficits.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-270cmsoftw

eakly

decomposedfibrouspeat.

270-280cmpeatyloam

yfine

sand.

0cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-280cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Generallylownutrient

status.

Labasa

1Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Generally

smoothmicrorelief.


perm

anenttidalinfluenced

watertableinfre

quent

flooding(4-5timesper

year)ofm

ediumduration

(10-12days)canoccur

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApriland

coincidingwithhighspring

tides.

Noerosionrisk.

Watertablefluctuatesfro

m

20cm

(sum

mermonths)to

70cm

(winterm

onths),but

canbeatthesurfaceduring

floodevents.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-40cm

siltyclay.

40-128cm

sandyloam

.128-

140cm+veryfinesandy

loam

.

<40cm.Note

highwatertable

andsalinityplus

poorsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-40cm

moderately

acid.

40-140cm

moderately

alkaline.

Moderately

saline.

Lowphosphorus.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Lagilagi

63Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Smooth

microrelief.


form

ajorfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Waterloggedbelow

75cm

depthforupto90days

duringtheperiodNovem

ber

toApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture



MaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-17cm

veryfriablegritty

clay.

17-86cmfriablegrittyclay.

86-116cm

firm

grittyclay.

>75cm.Water

tableat75cm

depthduringthe

wetseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Notanalysed.

Lakeba

180D

Rolling(12-15°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-27cm

slightlygrittyclay.

27-52cmclay.O

nstrongly

weatheredinsiturock.

<60cm.

Weatheredrock

at60cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-66cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

potassiumandorganic

carbonthroughout.

Exchangeablecalcium

verylow.

Lakeba

180E

,180F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


Veryseveresheet,rilland

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

slightlygrittyclay.

25-55cmclay.O

nstrongly


<60cm.

Weatheredrock

at60cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-70cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

potassiumandorganic

carbonthroughout.

Exchangeablecalcium

verylow.

Lakeba

180G

,180H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

grittyclay.

20-50cmclay.O

nstrongly


>50cm.

Weatheredrock

at60cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-60cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

potassiumandorganic

carbonthroughout.

Exchangeablecalcium

verylow.

Lami

75E,75F,

75G,75H



microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarerarely

experienced.

Welldrained.0-6cmfirm

clayloam

.6-25cm

firm

clay.O

ncementedinsiturock.

<50cm.Insitu

rockat50cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy10%of

thesurfa

ce.

Nearneutral.

Nonsaline.

Possibletraceelement

deficiencies.

Lato

62Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).

1in5yearreturnperiodfor

floodsdepositingalluvium

.2in1yearreturnperiodfor

otherfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Excessively

drained.

0-90cm

friablestonysand.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

stonesoccupy2%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-90cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Lau

182B

,182C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Pasttopsoilloss.Severe

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

siltyclayloam

.30-80cmsiltloam

.80-125cm

finesandyloam

(stronglyweatheredinsitu

rock).

<80cm.Low

nutrientstatus

andweathered

rockbelow

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

organiccarbonbelow

10

cmdepth.

Lau

182D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Significanttopsoilloss.

Veryseveresheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

siltyclayloam

.30-86cmsiltloam

.86-125cm

finesandyloam

(stronglyweatheredinsitu

rock).

<85cm.Low

nutrientstatus

andweathered

rockbelow

85cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

organiccarbonbelow

8cm

depth.

Lau

182E

Stronglyrolling

(16-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severepastsoillosswith

rillerosionscarsevident.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-27cm

siltyclayloam

.27-95cmsiltloam

.95-110cm

finesandyloam

.(Stronglyweatheredinsitu

rock).

<95cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-27cm

moderately

acid.

27-110cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

organiccarbonbelow

8cm

depth.

Laucala

92B,92C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



slopes>7.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedduringthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablestonyand

gravellyloam

.15-75cmfriablegravelly

loam

.Onweatheringscoria.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surfacestone

andgravelsoccupy3%

ofthesurfa

ce.

0-75cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.High

phosphateretention.

Laucala

92D,92E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Haveexperiencedpast

erosion.S

everesheetand


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedduringthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-65cm

friablestonyand

gravellyloam

.On

weatheringscoria.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

stonesandgravels

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-65cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.High

phosphateretention.

Lautoka


(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Infre

quentlyflooded.

Returnperiod1in5years.

Noerosionrisk.

Subjecttoshortduration(2-

3days).W

aterlogging

duringNovem

bertoApril.

Watertable>100cm

atall

times.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsareexperiencedfor

90daysduringthemonthsof

MaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-80cm

clayloam

.80-125cm

+clay.

>100cm

.Low

available

potassiumin

subsoils.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-30cm

slightly

acid.30-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Organiccarbonislowin

topsoilandverylowin

subsoils.Potassium

islow

intopsoilandverylowin

subsoils.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Lawai

23A,23B

Flattoundulating

(0-7°).Smooth

microrelief.

1in5yearreturnperiodfor

majorfloodscontributing

sediment.Daysunder

water-2to5days.

Bankerosionadjacentto

rivers.E

lsew

herean

accumulatingsoil.

Subjecttoshortduration

waterloggingonlyduring

majorfloodevents.Water

table>125cm

from

surface

atalltim

es.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


>90daysduringthemonths

MaytoOctober.Shallow

rootingcropsgounder

stress.

Welldrained.0-50cm

veryfinesandy

loam

.50-80cmfinesandyloam

.80-100cm

loam

.100-150cmfinesandyloam

.

>150cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-150cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Organicmattervalues

verylow.Potassium

valuesverylowinsubsoil.

Ledrutua

208C


Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof100daysmay

occursom

etimeintheperiod

MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-45cm

siltloam

.45-60cmboulderysiltloam

.65-200cm

+boulderyfine

sand.

<65cm.Insitu

boulderyand

gravelly

form

ationat

65cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

bouldersandstones.

0-45cm

moderately

acid.

45-60cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowsubsoil

potassiumand

phosphorus.

Ledrutua

208D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-22cm

siltloam

.22-37cmstonysiltyclay

loam

.37-65cmboulderysandysilt

loam

.65-200cm

+boulderysand.

<65cm.Insitu

boulderyand

gravelly

form

ationat

65cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesorboulders.

0-37cm

moderately

acid.

37-65cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

throughoutandverylow

potassiumbelow

22cm.

Ledrutua

208E

,208F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-25°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etime

betweenMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

siltloam

.20-38cmstonysiltyclay

loam

.38-68cmboulderysandysilt

loam

.68-200cm

+boulderysand.

<65cm.Insitu

boulderyand

gravelly

form

ationat

65cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandboulders.

0-38cm

moderately

acid.

38-68cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

throughoutandverylow

potassiumbelow

20cm.

Ledrutua

208G

,208H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.Have


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof40daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.15-35cmlooseclayloam

.35-75cmfriablesandyclay.

Onweatheringparentrock.

<75cm.

Weatheredin

situparentrock

at75cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

Moderatelyacid

tonearneutral.

Nonsaline.



Lekutu

194C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedpastsheet

erosion.S

everesheetand


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof

90-120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmsiltloam


loam

.

<25cm.Fine

rootspenetrate

insitu

weatheredrock

at10cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Manyiron

coatedsurfacestones

(pavem

ent).

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Lekutu

194D

,194E


(12-20°).Even

microreliefw

ithstone

pavementinsome

areas.

Neverfloods.


andrillerosion.Very

severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

siltyclayloam

.10-100cm

+finesandyloam

.<25cm.Insitu

weatheredrock

at10cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Com

moniron

coatedsurfacestones.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Lekutu

194F

Moderatelysteep

(21-25°).Uneven

whereeroded(rilling).

Stonepavem

entin

someplaces.

Neverfloods.


andrillerosion.Very

severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.



loam

.

<25cm.Insitu

weatheredrock

at10cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandrare

boulders.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Lewa

221A


(0-3°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

friableclayloam

.30-120cm

firm

clay.

>120cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Surface

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen

phosphorusand

potassium.

Lewa

221B

,221C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.




Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friableclayloam

.20-120cm

firm

clay.

>120cm

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Lewa

221D

,221E,

221F,221G,

221H


39°).

Neverfloods.

Verysevereerosion

potentialifcultivated.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof50-60days

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

friableclayloam

.30-65cmfirm

clayon

weatheredrock.

>65cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy5%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

calcium,m

agnesium

and

potassium.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Lobau

124C


Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.Severe

debrisslideanddebrisflow

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-18cm

siltyclay.

18-50cmclay.

50-110cm

stonysiltyclay.

110-140cm+insitu

weatheredrock.

<100cm

.Insitu

weatheredrock

at100cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock


ofmassmovem

ent

erosion.N

osurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Lobau

124D

,124E,

124F,124G,

124H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.Very

severedebrisslideand

debrisflow

erosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-16cm

siltyclayloam

.16-60cmclayloam

.60-100cm

siltyclay.

100-125cminsitu

weatheredrock.

<100cm

.Insitu

weatheredrock

at100cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock


ofmassmovem

ent

erosion.N

osurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Lodoni

168B

,168C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialw

hen

forestcleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-16cm

friableclayloam

.16-100cm

firm

tofriable

clay.Onfirmsiltyclay

(weatheredinsiturock).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-52cm

extremelyacid.

52-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Lodoni

168D

,168E,

168F,168G,

168H


40°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialw

hen

forestcleared.Minorrisk

ofsoilslipsonslopes>15°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-19cm

friableclayloam

.19-100cm

friableclay.On

firmsiltyclay(w

eatheredin

siturock).

<100cm

.

Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-19cm

extremelyacid.

52-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Lomaiviti

176C


Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-92cm

clay.

92-125cm

strongly

weatheredinsiturock

(sandyclayloam

).

<90cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

90cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Lomaiviti

176D

,176E,

176F

Smoothrollingto

moderatelysteep

(12-25°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-92cm

clay.

92-125cm

strongly

weatheredinsiturock

(sandyclayloam

).

<90cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

about90cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Lomaje

84B,84C

Undulatingandeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



>7°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-48cm

friableloam

.48-120cm

veryfriableloam

.>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-120cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Highphosphateretention.

Lomaje

84D,84E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-55cm

veryfriableslightly

sandyloam

.55-80cmfriableloam

.80-110cm

veryfriableloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-110cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Highphosphateretention.

Losa

86B,86C

Undulatingtoeasy



tobouldersandrock

outcrops.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialw

hen

clearedofforest.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-22cm

boulderyloam

.On

massiveinsiturock.

<25cm.Un-

weatheredrock

at

20-25cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12-15%ofarea.


10-12%

ofarea.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.Veryhigh

Pretention.

Losa

86D

Rolling(12-15°).Very


tosurfacebouldersand

rockoutcrops.

Neverfloods.


potentialfollowingforest

clearance.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-25cm

boulderyloam

.<25cm.

Massiveun-

weatheredrock

at20-25cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12-15%ofthe


cover12-15%ofthe

area.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

VeryhighPretention.

Lovonivia

45A


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-22cm

veryfriablefine

sandyloam

.22-31cmfirm

loam

yfinesand.

31-64cmextremelyfirm

loam

ysand.64-76cm

friableloam

yveryfinesand.

76-92cmfirm

grittyclay.92-

111cmfriablegrittyclay.

111-141cmveryfriableclay.

<30cm.

Extremelyfirm

weakly

cemented

horizonat

30cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Strongnutrientandtrace

elem

entdeficiencies.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Lovonivia

45B

Undulating(4

-7°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-22cm

veryfriablefine

sandyloam

.22-31cmfirm

loam

yfinesand.


loam

ysand.64-76cm

friableloam

yveryfinesand.

76-92cmfirm

grittyclay.92-

111cmfriablegrittyclay.


<30cm.

Extremelyfirm

weakly

cemented

horizonat30cm

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Strongnutrientandtrace

elem

entdeficiencies.

Lutu

148C

Easyrollingtorolling(8-

15°).Evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Alsopotentialforsoilslips.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-7cmgrittyclayloam

.7-20cm

loam

.20-55cmclay.

55-155cm

siltyclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-155cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

nitrogenandpotassium

throughout.

Lutu

148D

,148E,

148F,148G,

148H


steep(16-40°).

Generallyuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential,and

moderatesoilslipand

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-22cm

grittyclayloam

.22-60cmclay.

60-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,

nitrogenandpotassium

throughout.

Macuata

200C



duetosurfaceboulders

andactiverillerosion.

Neverfloods.

Currentsevereerosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

grittyclayloam

.15-125cm

grittyfinesandy

loam

.

<20cm.Insitu

weatheredrock

at20cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

lateritestonesand

boulderscover20%

of

area.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

15cm

.

Macuata

200D

,200E,

200F,200G,

200H


40°).Veryuneven

microreliefdueto

surfa

cebouldersand

deeplyincisedrilling.

Neverfloods.

Currentsevererillerosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

grittyclayloam

.12-125cm

grittyfinesand

loam

.

<20cm.Insitu

weatheredrock

at20cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover20%

ofarea.

Surfacelateritestones

andboulderscover25%

ofarea.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

12cm

.

Mafua

108D

,108E


(12-20°).Generally

evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheet,rilland

soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

clayloam

.40-80cmstonysandyloam

.80-125cm

stonycoarse

sand.

<100cm

.Weakly

cemented

gravelsand

stonesat95-

105cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandrare

boulders.

0-50cm

near

neutral.

50-125cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

ExtremelyhighP

retention.

Mafua

108F,108G,

108H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheet,rilland

debrisslideerosion

potential.Never

waterlogs.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-35cm

clayloam


.70-125cm

+stonyvery

coarsesand.

<100cm

.Weakly

cemented

gravelsand

stonesat95-

110cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandrare

boulders.

0-9cm

moderately

acid.9-40cm

slightacid.

40-125cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

ExtremelyhighP

retention.

Makom

ako

188B

,188C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-35cm

veryfriableclay.35-

120cmfriabletofirm

clay.


<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Makom

ako

188D

,188E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-14cm

friableclay.


43-84cmfriableclay.

84-111cm

friabletofirm

clay.

111-150cmfriableclay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Malolo

149D

Rolling(12-15°).Very


torillerosion.

Neverfloods.

Neverwaterlogs.

Activelyeroding.V

ery

severesheetandrillerosion

potential.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-11cm

stonyfinesand.11-

70cm

stonyloam

yfinesand.

Oninsiturock(grittycoarse

sand).

<70cm.Insitu

rockatabout

70cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5%ofarea.

Surfacestonescover

10%ofarea.

0-11cm

strongly

acid.11-90cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,



Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Malolo

149E

,149F

Stronglyrollingand

moderatelysteep


microreliefdueto

severerillerosion.

Neverfloods.

Seriousactiveerosion.

Extremelyseveresheet,rill

andcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmstonyfinesand.

8-60cm

stonyloam

yfind

sand.Oninsiturock(stony

coarsesand).

<60cm.Insitu

rockatabout

60cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12%

ofarea.

Surfacestonescover

12%ofarea.

0-8cmstrongly

acid.8-80cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Manuka

215D

,215E

Rollingandstrongly


unevensurface.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Rarelyexperiencessoil

moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friablestonysilt

loam

.20-70cmveryfirmsilt

loam

.70-85cmfirm

mediumsandyloam

.On

weatheredbasalt.

<85cm

Rockoutcropscover

10%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy30%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-20cm

strongly

acid.20-95cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Matana

218D

,218E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).Gently

undulatingmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheetandfill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Rarelyexperiencessoil

moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-28cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.28-76cmfriablesiltyclay

loam

.76-103cm

friableclayloam

.

>100cm

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-28cm

extremelyacid.

28-160cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.V

eryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Matavelo

52Flattonearlevel(0

-2°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Innormalyearsfloodingfor

upto5dayspondedare

experiencedon2-3


periodNovem

bertoApril.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingbelow40cmis

experiencedforupto60

dayssom

etimeduringthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-20cm

friableclay.

20-35cmfirm

clay.

35-60cmveryfirmclay.

60-120cm

veryfirmsilty

clay.

>100cm

.Note

seasonalhigh

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-60cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Mataw

ailevu

123A

,123B

From

flattogently

undulatingtoundulating

(0-5°).Smooth

microrelief.

Rarelyfloods.R

eturn

period1in15years.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof60daysare

experiencedatsom

etimein


Welldrained.0-22cm

clayloam

.22-127cm

clay.

>130cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Melimeli

32Flattonearlevel(0

-1°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Duetopermanenthigh

watertablesfloodingcan

occurforupto120days

duringthemonthsof

Novem

bertoApril.

Sedimentationfloodshave

a1in100yearreturn

period.

Noerosionrisk.


tableisat(summermonths)

orneverwithin30cmofthe

groundsurface.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

rarelyexperienced.

Ponded.

0-76cm

fibrouspeat.

76-99cmmuckyfibrous

peat.

99-154cm

muck.

154-168cmclayeymuck.

<30cm.Note

seasonalhigh

watertableand

lownutrient

status.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-99cm

extremelyacid.

99-168cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

30cm

.

Molam

olau


(0-3°).Generally

smoothmicrorelief.


forfloodsdepositing

alluvium

.1in5yearreturn


Noerosionrisk.

Canwaterloginthesubsoil

forupto30dayssom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-8cmfriabletofirm

clay.

8-23cm

friableclay.

23-100cm

firm

clay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


nitrogen.

Mom

i115B

,115C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-80cm

firm

clay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<85cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-80cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Mom

i115D

,115E


(12-20°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

veryfirmclay.

20-100cm

firm

clay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<85cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Mom

i115F,115G,

115H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Slighttomoderatesoilslip

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-90cm

firm

clay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<85cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-90cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Monasavu

223D

,223E,

223F,223G,

223H


40°).Uneven.

Neverfloods.


massmovem

enterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-25cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.25-100cm

firm

clay.

<100cm

Rockoutcropscover

about8%ofthesurface.

Surfaceboulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

100-120cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

phosphorus.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Muainase

21Flat(0

-1°).Smooth

microrelief.

Floodsdepositingminor

amountsofsedimenthave

a1in5yearreturnperiod.

Noerosionrisk.P

otential

lateralcorrasionadjacent

toriver.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-22cm

sandyclayloam

.22-52cmclayloam

.52-100cm

+sandyloam

.

>150cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

slightlyacid.

100-125cm

nearneutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.

Nabeka

101C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


beexperiencedsom

etime

duringtheperiodMayto

October.

Welldrained.0-9cmveryfriablesiltyclay.

9-20cm

friablesiltyclay.20-

200cmfirm

clayloam

.

>125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Boulders

occupy2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-9cmstrongly

acid.9-80cm

moderately

acid.

80-200cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.

Nabeka

101D

,101E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


beexperiencedsom

etime

duringtheperiodMayto

October.

Welldrained.0-18cm

friablesiltyclay.18-

125cmfirm

clayloam

.>125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Boulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-18cm

strongly

acid.18-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.

Nabiti

193B

,193C

Undulatingandeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-31cm

siltyclayloam

.31-65cmclayloam

.65-81siltyclayloam

.On

stronglyweatheredinsitu

rock.

<80cm.

Weatheredrock

atabout80cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-18cm

extremelyacid.

18-31cm

stronglyacid.

31-56cm

extremelyacid.

56-111cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Nabiti

193D

,193E


(12-20°).Generally

smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-35cm

siltyclayloam

.35-70cmclayloam


.On

insiturock.

<75cm.

Weatheredrock

atabout75-

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stoneandrareboulders.

0-35cm

extremelyacid.

35-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Nabuesa

226B

,226C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-120cmveryfriableclay

loam

.<120cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Surface

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassium,and

phosphorus.

Nabuesa

226D

,226E,

226F,226G,

226H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-125cmveryfriableclay

loam

.<125cm

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassiumand

phosphorus.

Nabuono

155F,155G,

155H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Evidenceofpasterosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

veryfirmgravelly

clay.

20-27cmfirm

clay.

27-37cmfriableclay.On

weatheringtuff.

<50cm.

Weatheredin

siturock

norm

allyat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover8%ofthearea.

Surfacestonesand

bouldersoccupy4%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Nacam

aki

96B,96C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-30cm

veryfriablegravelly

sandyclayloam

.30-90cmveryfriablefine

sandyloam

.90-125cm

loosegravelly

sand.

<125cm

Rockoutcropscover5%

ofthesurfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy5%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-30cm

near

neutral.

30-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.High

phosphateretention.

Nacam

aki

96D,96E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Hum

mockymicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-29cm

veryfriablegravelly

finesandyclay.29-49cm

veryfriablefinesandyloam

.49-77cmveryfriable

gravellyfinesandyloam

.77-

116cmloosegravellysand.

<125cm

Rockoutcropscover8%

ofthesurfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy3%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-29cm

near

neutral.

29-116cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.High

phosphateretention.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nacaugai

106G

,106H

Steepandverysteep


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatetoseveresheet,

rillanddebrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

veryfriablegritty

clayloam

.30-130cm

veryfriablevery

stonyandboulderysiltyclay.

130-160cmveryfriablegritty

siltyclayloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Boulders

occupy10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-150cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Ver

y hi

gh p

hosp

hate

fixationproperties.

Nacokula

64Flattonearlevel(0

-2°).

Evenmicrorelief.


forfloodsdepositing

alluvium

.2in1yearreturn


Noerosionrisk.

Waterlogsbelow

75cmfor

4monthsintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearsnever

experiencessoilm

oisture

deficits.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-12cm

friabletofirm

gritty

clay.

12-80cm+firmgrittyclay.

<75cm.Water

tableat75cm

duringthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-80cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Nacula

130D

,130E,

130F,130G,

130H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysmaybe

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.30-70cmfriableclayloam

.70-120cm

firm

clay.

<100cm

.Insitu

weatheredrock

at100cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5%ofthearea.

Surfacestonesand

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Nadala

211


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-45cm

friableclayloam

.45-100cm

firm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

boulders.

0-45cm

strongly

acid.45-

100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassiumand

phosphorus.

Nadarivatu

224D

,224E,

224F,224G,

224H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheet,rillandmass

movem

entpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


beexperiencedsom

etimein


Welldrained.0-25cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.25-100cm

firm

siltyclay.

<100cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover20%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy8%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Nadaw

a151B

,151C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedpasterosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

firm

tofriablesandy

clay.

10-25cmfirm

toverysandy

clay.Onweatheredmarl.

<25cm.

Weatheredin

situpum

iceous

marlat25cm.

Fewrockoutcrops.N

osurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

nitrogen.

Nadaw

a151D

,151E


(12-20°).Generally

unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

firm

sandyclay.

10-22cmfirm

sandyclay.

Onweatheredmarl.

<25cm.

Weatheredin

situpum

iceous

marlat25cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-22cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

nitrogen.

Nadi

36A,36B

,36C

Flattoeasyrolling

(0-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverflooded.

Manyareaswithalong

historyofsugarcane

cultivationhave

experiencedmoderate

topsoillossesbysheet

erosion.M

oderateerosion

potentialforslopes<2°.

Neverwaterlogged.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


>120daysduringtheperiod

MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-60cm

sandyclayloam

.60-100cm

sandyloam

.100-

150cm+sandyclayloam

.

>150cm

.

Wheremachine

cultivateda

ploughpan

commonly

develops.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.Rarecoral

gravel(relictfertiliser).

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-150cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Organiccarbon%very

lowthroughout.Calcium

low,andmagnesium

and

potassiumvaluesvery

low.VerylowCECand

highCRC.

Nadi

36D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverflooded.

Manyareaswithalong

historyofsugarcane

cultivationhave

experiencedseveretopsoil

lossesbysheetandrill

erosion.S

evereerosion

potentialforslopes>2°.

Neverwaterlogged.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


>120daysduringtheperiod

MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-70cm

sandyclayloam

.70-110cm

sandyloam

.110-

150cm+sandyclayloam

.

>150cm

.

Wheremachine

cultivateda

ploughpan

commonly

develops.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-40cm

moderately

acid.

40-150cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Organiccarbon%very

lowthroughout.Calcium

low,andmagnesium

and

potassiumvaluesvery

low.VerylowCECand

highCRC.

Nadranu

210

Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Hum

mocky

microrelief.

Almostcontinuouslyflooded

withthewatertableator

nearthesurfa

ceform

ostof

theyear.

Noerosionhazard.

Continuouslywaterlogged.


moisturedeficits.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-25cm

softm

uckypeat.25-

75cm

verysoftpeatymuck.

75-300cm

softpeat.

<50cm.Water

tableat50cm

duringthedry

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Verystrongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowcalcium

magnesium

andpotassium.Verylow

BS%.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nadrau

213


(0-3°).Generally

unevenmicrorelief.


forfloodsdepositing

sediment.2in1yearreturn


Noerosionhazard.

Com

monlywaterlogsbelow

75cm

forshortperiods

sometimeinthemonths

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearsnever

experiencessoilm

oisture

deficits.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-10cm

firm

clayloam

.10-35cmfirm

clay.


65-120cm

veryfirmsilty

clay.

>100cm

.Note

veryfirm

consistence

below50cm

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Nadroga

114C


Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-11cm

grittyclayloam

.11-25cmstonyclayloam

.25-35cmstonysiltloam

.On

massiveinsiturock.

<35cm.

Extremelyfirm

weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

35cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-11cm

strongly

acid.11-35cm

moderately

acid.

35-55cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nadroga

114D

,114E,

114F

Rollingtomoderately

steep(16-25°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Slighttomoderatesoilslip

andshallowdebrisslide

potential

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

grittyclay.

20-40cmstonysiltloam

.On

massiveinsiturock.

<35cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

35cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-10cm

strongly

acid.11-40cm

moderateacid.

40-60cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nadroga

114G

,114H


39°).Uneven

microrelief(terra

cettes).

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Moderatesoilandshallow

debrisslidepotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-23cm

grittyclayloam

.23-35cmstonysiltloam

.On

massiveinsiturock.

<35cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

35cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5-8%.Few

surfa

cestones.

0-35cm

moderately

acid.

35-60cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nadruka


(0-3°).Com

monly

smoothmicrorelief.

Shrinkagecracks

commoninwinter

months.

Infre

quent(2-3peryear)

shortduration(3-4days)

floodsoccurinnorm

al

yearssometimebetween

Novem

berandApril.

Sedimentationfloodshave

a1in3yearreturnperiod.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Watertablefluctuates

between20cm

depth

(sum

mermonths)and

100cmdepth(w

inter

months).

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-100cmclay.

<100cm

.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.

Naduru


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Floodsdepositingsediment

havea1in50yearreturn

period.Floods(wateronly)

havea1in5yearsreturn

period.

Noerosionrisk.

Waterloggingbelow125cm

occursinmostyears

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-30cm

siltyclayloam

.30-52cmclayloam

.52-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<125cm

.Note,

watertableat

125cmduring

partofthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-52cm

moderately

acid.

52-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.

Naevuevu

82A,82B

,82C


toeasyrolling(0-11°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

friableclay.

30-120cm

firm

clay.O

nlim

estone.

<120cm

.Limestoneat

120cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Nearneutral.

Nonsaline.


deficiencies.

Naevuevu

82D,82E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friableclay.

20-90cmfirm

clay.O

nlim

estone.

<90cm.

Limestoneat

90cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover15%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy5%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Nearneutral.

Nonsaline.


deficiencies.

Nai

cola

166D

,166E,

166F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesoilerosion

potentialw

henforest

cleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

firm

siltyclayloam


60-140cm

friabletofirm

clay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

boulderscoverupto3%

ofarea.

0-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

phosphorus.

Nai

cola

166G

,166H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatetoseveresoil

erosionpotentialw

hen

forestcleared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

firm

clayloam


55-125cm

friabletofirm

boulderyclay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

boulderscoverupto2%

ofarea.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

phosphorus.

Nai

rai

179C



toerosion.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.Badly

erodedin25%

ofthearea.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-13cm

grittyclayloam

.13-52cmclayloam

.52-140cm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-13cm

moderately

acid.

13-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.Calcium

,magnesium

,CECand

%BSvaluesverylow

below13cm.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nai

rai

179D

,179E,

179F,179G,

179H


38°).Uneven

microreliefdueto

erosion.

Neverfloods.


shallowdebrisslide

erosionpotential.Badly

erodedin35%

ofthearea.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

grittyclayloam

.12-30cmclayloam

.30-125cm

clay.

>125

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

moderately

acid.

12-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.Calcium

,magnesium

,CECand

%BSvaluesverylow

below12cm.

Nai

tata

214E

,214F,

214G

Stronglyrollingtosteep


microrelief.Very

boulderysurface.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-10cm

firm

slightlypeaty

siltloam

.10-45cmveryfirmsiltyclay

loam

.45-65cmfriablegravellyand

grittyloam

.Onbasaltboulders.

>65cm

Rockoutcropscover

20%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy30%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-45cm

slightly

acid.45-64cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Nakavika

174A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-10cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.10-40cmfirm

gravellyclay

loam

.40-120cm

veryfirmstony

clay.

<125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-40cm

strongly

acid.40-

120cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nakavika

174B

,174C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-12cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.12-50cmfirm

gravellyclay.

50-125cm

firm

stonyclay.

<125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

extremelyacid.

12-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nakavika

174D

,174E,

174F

Rollingtomoderately

steep(12-25°).

Generallyuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-15cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.15-125cm

firm

gravellyclay.

<125cm

.Note

verylowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-15cm

extremelyacid.

15-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Nakelo

18Flattonearlevel

(0-1°)N

ormallysmooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsinfre

quent

(4-5peryear)shortduration

(3-4days)floodingcan

occurfollowinghigh

intensitystorm

ssometime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.

Noerosionrisk.

Thewatertableisatthe

surfa

ceafterheavyrainbut

fallsto100cm

indry

periods.Thewatertable

fluctuatesrapidlybutcanbe

at30cmforupto30days

duringtheperiodNovem

ber

toApril.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-46cm

sandyclayloam

.46-76cmsandyclay.

76-152cm

sandyloam

.152-

203cmsand.

<100cm

.Note

highseasonal

watertableand

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-46cm

moderately

acid.

46-112cm

stronglyacid.

112-152cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Nalotu

111C


Evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-45cm

firm

sandyheavy

clay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<50cm.Insitu

rockat50cm

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-45cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen,phosphorus

andpotassium.

Nalotu

111D

,111E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

firm

tofriablesandy

heavyclay.

15-40cmfirm

sandyheavy

clay.

Onweatheredtuff.

<50cm.Insitu

rockat50cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-40cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Nam

aka

35Flattoundulating

(0-3°).Uneven

microreliefdueto

cultivationfurro

ws.

Neverfloods.



slopes>2°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-48cm

friablegrittyclay.

48-125cm

+firmsandyclay

loam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-28cm

moderately

alkaline.

28-48cm

slightlyalkaline.

48-125cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

phosphorus.

Nam

alata

184B

,184C

Undulatingtoeasy

rollingphase(4-11°).

Evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-23cm

clay.

23-50cmslightlygrittyclay.

50-110cm

clayloam

.Oninsituweatheredrock.

<110cm

.Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-110cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Veryloworganiccarbon

values.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nam

alata

184D

Rolling(12-15°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-45cm

grittyclay.

45-100cm

clayloam

.Onweatheredinsiturock.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


values.

Nam

alata

184E

Stronglyrolling

(16-20°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

grittyclay.

15-95cmclayloam


<95cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-95cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


values.

Nam

ara

139B

,139C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-12cm

firm

tofriablesandy

clayloam

.12-45cmveryfirmsandy

clay.

45-70cmfirm

clay.

Oninsiturock.

<65cm.Insitu

rockat65cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-70cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Nam

ara

139D

,139E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friablesandyclay

loam

.10-30cmfirm

sandyclay.

30-60cmfirm

clay.

Oninsiturock.

<65cm.Insitu

rockat65cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Fewsurfacestones.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Nam

atiu

138B

,138C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-52cm

firm

sandyclay.

52-80cmveryfirmstony

clay.

<80cm.Insitu

weakly

weatheredrock

at80cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Surface

stonesoccupy2%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-80cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Nam

atiu

138D

,138E


(12-20°).

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-17cm

friabletofirm

sandy

clay.

17-42cmfirm

sandyclay.

42-82cmveryfirmheavy

stonyclay.Onhardrock.

<80cm.Insitu

weakly

weatheredrock

at80cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-82cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Nam

osau

39A,39B

Flattoundulating(0

-7°).

Evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheetandwind

erosionpotential

particularlywheninfallow

orrowcrops.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-16cm

siltyclayloam

.16-64cmclayloam

.64-67cmironpan.

67-89cmclayloam

.89-92cmironpan.

92-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<65cm.

Discontinuous

ironpanatthis

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

boulder.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Possible

alum

iniumtoxicity.

Nam

osau

39C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Evenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Verysevererill,sheetand

winderosionpotential

particularlywheninfallow

orrowcrops.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

siltyclayloam

.30-80cmclayloam

.80-83cmironpan.

83-93cmclayloam

.93-96cmironpan.

96-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<80cm.

Discontinuous

ironpanatthis

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Notevariable

charge.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Possible

alum

iniumtoxicity.

Nam

osi

158C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-33cm

friableclay.

33-80cmfirm

siltyclayloam

.Onrock.

<80cm.Hard

unweatheredin

siturockat

80cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover8%ofthearea.

Fewsurfaceboulders.

0-80cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Nam

osi

158D

,158E,

158F,158G,

158H


40°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-21cm

friableclayloam


40-88cmfriabletofirm

silty

clay.

88-110cm

firm

finesandy

clay.Onrock.

<100cm

.Hard

unweatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover20%

ofthearea.

Nosurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-110cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


verylowpotassium

below

21cm

.

Nam

uana

134D

,134E,

134F,134G

Rollingtosteep(12-

35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friabletofirm

fine

sandyclay.

10-28cmfirm

tofriableclay.

28-118cm

friableslightly

sandyclay.

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover9%ofthearea.

Surfacestonesand

bouldersoccupy3%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-118cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogenand

phosphorus.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nanukuloa

107B

,107C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Neverfloods.

Slighttomoderate

potentialofsheeterosion

undercultivation.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablestickyclay.

15-30cmfriablestickyclay

onfirm

grittyclay.

<45cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

coverlessthan2%of


cover5%ofarea.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Veryhigh%

BS,calcium

medium,potassium

low.

Nanukuloa

107D

,107E,

107F,107G

Rollingtosteep

(12-35°).

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotentialw

here

vegetativecoverrem

oved.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friablestickygritty

clay.

10-25cmfriablestickygritty

clayonstronglyweathered

rock.

<35cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5-10%

ofarea.


10%ofarea.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Veryhigh%

BS,calcium

medium,potassium

low.

Naqalotu

117F,117G

Moderatelysteepand


surfa

ce.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriablestonysandy

clay.

8-46cm

firm

stonysandy

clay.

Onweatheredsandymarl.

<50cm.

Weatheredin

situmarlat

50cm

.

Rockoutcropscover

15%ofthesurface.

Stonesoccupy2%of

thesurfa

ce.

Nearneutral.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Naqilai

67Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Smooth

microrelief.


forfloodsdepositing

alluvium

.1in2yearreturn


Noerosionhazard.

Waterlogsbelow

50cmfor

upto6monthsduringthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-15cm

firm

tofriableclay.


Onsoftclay.

<50cm.Water

tableatorabout

50cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-52cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Narayaw

a160C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-20cm

sandyloam

.20-70cmcoarsesandy

loam

.70-125cm

coarsesand.

<70cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between70-

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

moderately

acid.

10-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

20cm

.

Narayaw

a160D

,160E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

sandyloam

.30-70cmcoarsesandy

loam

.70-125cm

coarsesand.

<70cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between70-

80cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

moderately

acid.

10-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

30cm

.

Narayaw

a160F,160G,

160H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Som

erotationalslumpson

slopes>25°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

sandyloam

.25-56cmloam

ycoarse

sand.

56-125cm

coarsesand.

<50cm.

Strongly

weatheredrock

between50-

70cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-7cm

moderately

acid.

70-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

25cm

.

Narew

a50

Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Uneven(gilgai)

microrelief).

Innormalyearsinfre

quent

(2-3peryear)surfa

ce

floodsthatmaypondforup

to5daysareexperienced

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyears


depthandforupto90days

occurssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30-60daysinthe

upper75cmareexperienced

sometimeintheperiodMay

toOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-63cm

firm

clay.

63-95cmsoftclay.

50-75cm.Note

seasonalhigh

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-95cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Nasau

105F,105G,

105H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Haveexperiencedsevere

pasterosion.Verysevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-9cmveryfriablesiltyclay

loam

.9-15cm

veryfriablesilty

clay.


45-70cmfirm

clayloam

.

<70cm.Insitu

basaltrockat

70cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-45cm

moderately

acid.

45-70cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.Moderate

phosphateretention.

Nas

egai

38A,38B

Flattoundulating

(0-7°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

firm

clayloam

.25-53cmveryfirmclay.

53-86cmfirm

clayloam

.86-125cm

+veryfirm


<90cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

about90cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-86cm



potassium.

Nas

egai

38C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-28cm

friabletofirm

clay

loam

.28-60cmfirm

clay.

60-80cmfirm

clayloam

.80-125cm

veryfirm


<80cm.

Weatheredrock

atabout80cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-80cm



potassium.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nas

eles

ele

20Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Generally

smoothbutsurface

hummockswhere

windthrow

hasoccurred.

Neverfloods.

Duringhurricanesmay

experienceminorscouring.

Accretionofnew

sediment

moresignificantatthese

times.

Neverwaterlogs.Water

table>150cm

depth.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-30cm

looseloam

ysand.

30-60cmloosecoarsesand.

60-100cm

+loosestonyand

gravellycoarsesand.

>100cm

.Note

subsoilnutrient

deficiencies.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Nasou

70A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsandon

slop

es <2°flooding(w

ater

only)forupto3days

durationmayoccuron2


periodNovem

bertoApril.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofupto120days

maybeexperienced


toOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

clayloam

.25-50cmgrittysiltloam

.50-55cmsiltloam

.55-69grittysiltloam

.90-125cm

grittyclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Nitrogenandphosphorus

low.Potassium

extremely

low.

Nasou

70B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.9-19cm

grittyclay.19-42cmgritty

siltloam

.42-45cmsiltloam


.77-

79cm

siltloam

.79-125cm

grittyclayloam

.

<125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewfine

surfa

cegravels.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


low.Potassium

extremely

low.

Nasou

70C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

clayloam


.40-45cmsiltloam

.45-125cm

grittyclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewfine

surfa

cestonesand

gravels.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


low.Potassium

extremely

low.

Nauluvatu

159D

,159E,

159F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.Slight

debrisslidepotentialon

slopes>20°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-7cmfriableloam

.7-79cm

friableclayloam

.Onweaklyweatheredinsitu

rock.

<80cm.Hardin

siturockat

80cm

.

Rockoutcropscover

30%ofarea.Few

surfa

cestonesand

boulders.

0-79cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusandvery

lowpotassium

below

7cm

.

Nauluvatu

159G

,159H


42°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Moderatedebrisslide

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-5cmfriablesiltyclayloam

.5-60cm

friableclayloam

.Onweaklyweatheredinsitu

rock.

<60cm.Hardin

siturockat

60cm

.

Rockoutcropscover35-

40%ofarea.Few

surfa

cestonesand

boulders.

0-60cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusandvery

lowpotassium

below

5cm

.

Nausori

31Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Com

monly

smoothmicroreliefbut

hummockywhen

overlyingpeatatdepth.

Duetonearpermanenthigh

watertablethroughoutthe

yearsurfacefloodingcan

occurfor>200days.1in

25yearreturnperiodfor

floodsdepositingsediment.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.


tablefluctuatesfro

matthe

surfa

ce(sum

mer)to50cm

(winter)butw

heredrained

tobelow

100cm

inwinter.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-16cm

clayloam


.28-93cmclayloam

.93-118cm

finesandyclay.

<50cm.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-28cm

strongly

acid.28-93cm

moderately

acid.93-

110cmstrongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

.

Navai

212A

,212B

Flattoundulating

(0-7°).Smooth

microrelief.


forfloodsdepositing



Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearsnever

experiencessoilm

oisture

deficits.

Welldrained.0-35cm

veryfriableclay

loam


.95-120cm

firm

clay.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Navava

177A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-60cm

clay.

60-100cm

finesandyclay.

Onweatheredinsiturock

(coarsesandyloam

).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

about100-

110cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.20-

100cmnear

neutral.100-

125cmslightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

10cm

.

Navava

177B

,177C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



wherevegetativecover

removed.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-70cm

clay.

70-102cm

finesandyclay.

Onweatheredinsiturock

(coarsesandyloam

).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

about100cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.25-

102cmnear

neutral.102-

129cmslightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

9cm.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Navava

177D

,177E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-60cm

clay.

60-91cmsandyclay.

91-123cm

coarsesandyclay

loam

.Onweatheredinsiturock

(coarsesandyloam

).

<120cm

.Weatheredin

siturock

between120-

130cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

boulders.

0-31cm

slightly

acid.31-60cm

nearneutral.

60-180cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

7cm.

Navava

177F,177G,

177H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Activemassmovem

entin

someareas.V

erysevere

sheet,rillandsoilcreep

erosionpotential.

Moderatedebrisslide

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-10cm

clayloam

.10-70cmclay.

70-100cm

finesandyclay

loam

.Onweatheredinsiturock

(mediumsandyloam

).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

about100cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

boulders.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.20-70cm

nearneutral.

70-110cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

10cm

.

Navua


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

1in2yearsreturnperiod

forfloodscomprisingwater

only.Duringsuchevents

watercouldlieforupto7

days.1in25yearreturn

periodforfloodsdepositing

sediment.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.



40cm

(sum

mer)and120cm

(winter).

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-20cm

siltloam


.33-49cmsiltloam


.64-143cm

clayloam

.

<100cm

.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-93cm

moderately

acid.

93-143cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.

Navunikodi

60Flattonearlevel(0

-2°).

Smoothmicrorelief.


forfloodsdepositing



Noerosionhazard.

Maywaterlogforshort

periodsbelow

75cm

sometimeduringthewet

season.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

friablesandyclay

loam

.40-60cmfriablestonysandy

clay.

60-100cm

friabletofirm

slightlystonysandyclay.

>100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.

Naw

ai187B

,187C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).Surface

cracksinthedry

season.Minorsurface

hummocks.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-60cm

clayloam

.60-120cm

finesandyclay

loam

.

<120cm

.Vertic

prop

ertie

s severelyrestrict

rootingduring

thedryseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-14cm

moderately

acid.

14-120cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.Organic

carbonverylowin

subsoils.

Naw

ai187D

Rolling(12-15°).Even

microrelief.Surface

cracksinthedry

season.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-70cm

clayloam

.70-100cm

finesandyclay

loam

.

<100cm

.Vertic

prop

ertie

s severelyrestrict

rootingduring

thedryseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

slightly

acid.12-

100cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.Organic

carbonverylowin

subsoils.

Naw

eni

203A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Infre

quent(1-2tim

esper

season)shortduration(1-2

days)overflow

floodingmay

beexperiencedsom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.


potentialifvegetative

coverrem

oved.

Innormalyears



andlandscapeposition)


to90dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenotexperienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-10cm

sandyclayloam

.10-54cmclayloam


.82-120cm

+clayloam

.

<100cm

.Note

seasonalsubsoil

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

near

neutral.

10-120cm

slightlyalkaline.

160-180cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Naw

eni

203B

,203C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Infre

quent(onceper

season)shortduration(1-2

days)overflow

floodingmay

beexperiencedsom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.


erosionpotentialif

vegetativecoverrem

oved.

Innormalyears



andlandscapeposition)


to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenotexperienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-60cm

clayloam

.60-90cmsandyloam

.90-125cm

+finesandyclay

loam

.

<100cm

.Note

seasonalsubsoil

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

near

neutral.

12-125cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Nayau


(0-3°).Smooth.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-14cm

friableloam

yclay.


Onhardlimestone.

<60cm.Hardin

situcoralline

limestoneat

60cm

.

Limestonesurfacerock

outcropscover3%of

thesurfa

ce.Boulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-14cm

near

neutral.

14-59cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.Possibletrace

elem

entimbalance.

Nika


(0-3°).Surface

hummocks(gilgai).

3-4floodeventseachyear

(wateronly)occurwithinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingcanoccurfor

upto60dayssom

etimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

monthsMaytoOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-80cm

clayloam

.80-125cm

finesandyclay

loam

.

<80cm.

Waterloggingat

depthinwet

season.

Smectiticclays

inhibitrooting.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-20cm

slightly

acid.20-80cm

nearneutral.

80-125cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

throughout.Verylow

organiccarbonbelow

20cm

.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Nuku


(0-2°).Smoothflat

microrelief.

Neverflooded.S

ubjectto

waveencroachmentduring

severestorm

events.

Ingeneralnoerosionrisk.

Subjecttosom

ewave

scouringduringsevere

stormeventsinplaces.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-10cm

loam

yclay.

10-109cm

+coarsesand.

>105cm

.Note,

lownutrient

statusbelow

10cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

coralstones.

0-10cm

moderately

alkaline.

10-109cm

strongly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.Available

phosphorus,organic

carbonandnitrogenvery

lowbelow

10cmdepth.

Nukudam

u141A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedpasttopsoil

loss.Moderatesheetand

rillerosionpotentialon

slopes>2°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

clayloam


.82-125cm

+clayloam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-15cm

extremelyacid.

15-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Potassium

lowtoverylow.

Nukudam

u141B

,141C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedpasttopsoil

loss.Moderatetosevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-13cm

clayloam


.79-125cm

+clayloam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-13cm

extremelyacid.

13-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Potassium

lowtoverylow.

Nukudam

u141D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicroreliefand

uneveninareasthat

haveexperiencedrill

erosion.

Neverfloods.

Experiencedsheetandrill

erosioninsom

eareas.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

clayloam


.65-125cm

+clayloam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Potassium

verylow.

Nukusa

142B

,142C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

firm

sandyclay.

25-80cmfriablesandyloam

.80-120cm

friableloam

ysand.

<120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

phosphorusverylow.

Nukusa

142D

,142E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.




Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

firm

sandyclay

loam

.10-30cmveryfirmsandy

clay.

30-60cmveryfriablesandy

loam

.60-90cmfriableloam

.90-120cm

veryfriableloam

ysand.

<120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

phosphorusverylow.

Ogea

79Flattonearlevel(0

-2°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

looseslightly

boulderygrittyandsandy

loam

.

12-17cmveryfriablestony

sandyloam

.17-167cm

veryfriablefine

sandyclayloam

.

>150cm

Limestonesurfacerock

outcropsoccupy10%of

thearea.Fewsurface

stonesandboulders.

0-17cm

slightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow.

Ono

89A

Flattogentlyundulation

(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potentialonthe2-3°

slopesonly.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

heavysiltloam

.25-

125cmloam

>125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-12cm

moderately

acid.

12-60cm

slightlyacid.60-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

12cm

.Nitrogenverylow

below25cm.Extremely

highPretention.

Ono

89B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-22cm

siltloam

.22-125cm

loam

.>125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandrare

boulders.

0-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

13cm

.Nitrogenverylow

below22cm.Extremely

highPretention.

Qalinaolo

227A

,227B,

227C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



>7°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-18cm

veryfriableclay

loam


70-120cm

veryfirmsilty

clay.

<120cm

.Note

veryfirm

consistence

below70cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

bouldersoccupy3%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

phosphorusverylow.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Qaributa

17Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Hum

mocky

microrelief.

Asthewatertableisator

nearthegroundsurfacefor

mostoftheyearsurface

floodingisexperiencedfor

>180daysinnormalyears.

Noerosionrisk.


tableisatornearthe

groundsurface.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-53cm

peat.

53-77cmclayloam

.77-100cm

sandyloam

.100-122cmmediumto

coarsesand.

0cm.Dueto

perm

anent

watertableator

nearthe

surfa

ce.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-30cm

strongly

acid.30-53cm

moderately

acid.

53-77cm

extremelyacid.

77-100cm

slightlyalkaline.

100-122cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

30cm

.

Qeleni

104C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-22cm

firm

siltyclayloam

.22-125cm

firm

clayloam

.>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

boulders.

0-21cm

moderately

acid.

22-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Possiblealum

inium

toxicity.

Qeleni

104D

,104E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Teracettes.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-21cm

veryfirmsiltyclay

loam

.21-220cm

firm

clayloam

.220-450cmfriabletofirm

silt

loam

.

>125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

boulders.

0-21cm

moderately

acid.

21-160cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Possiblealum

inium

toxicity.

Rana


(0-3°).

Surfacefloods>50days

duetotopographical

positionandseasonalhigh

watertable.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyearswatertable

isatorneartheground

surfa

ce.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-120cmveryfriablepeaty

finesandyloam

.>120cm

loosecoarsesand.

>160cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsorsurface

boulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Nitrogen,potassium

and

phosphoruslevelslow.

Rauriko

152F,152G,

152H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Havesufferedpast

erosion.V

erysevere

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friablesandyclay

loam


44-66cmfriableclay.

66-110cm

weatheredinsitu

rock.

<70cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturockat

70cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-20cm

moderately

acid.

20-44cm

slightlyacid.44-

110cmstrongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Ravilevu

97G,97H


40°).

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-16cm

firm

clayloam

.16-90cmveryfirmstonyand

boulderyclay.

<100cm

Rockoutcropscover

20%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy10%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-90cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.

Raviravi

178B

,178C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Hasexperiencedpast

erosion.M

oderatesheet

erosiononslopes>1°.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof90-120daysoccur


toOctober.

Welldrained.0-13cm

siltyclayloam

.13-61cmclayloam

.61-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-13cm

strongly

acid.13-

125cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

,phosphorus

andnitrogenverylow.

Raviravi

178D

,178E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Evidenceofpastsheet

erosion.S

everesheetand


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

siltyclayloam

.10-70cmclay.

70-125cm

siltyclayloam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

boulder,fewironcoated

surfa

cestones.

0-70cm

strongly

acid.70-

125cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorus,potassium

andnitrogenverylow.

Raviravi

178F,178G

Moderatelysteepto

stee

p (21-35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severepasterosion.Very

severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.5-60cm

clay.

60-100cm

siltyclayloam


<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones,nosurfa

ce

boulders.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.60-

100cm

extremelyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorus,potassium

andnitrogenverylow.

Raw

iti58


(0-3°).Slightalluvial

ridgeandswale

microrelief.

Floods(w

ateronly)on

averagetwicesometimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.Floodsedimentation

eventshavea1in15year

returnperiod.

Som

elateralstream

bank

corra

sion.Otherwiseno

erosionpotential.

Accum

ulatingsoil.

Watertablefluctuatesfro

m

50cm

depth(sum

mer

months)to150cm

depth

(winterm

onths).

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofupto30-40days

areexperiencedsom

etimein


Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-15cm

siltyclay.

15-21cmclay.

21-29cmsiltloam

.29-37cmclayloam

.37-125cm

+clay.

<125cm

.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow

throughout.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Rer

ee91A


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-19cm

siltloam

.19-82cmsandyloam

.82-125cm

gravellyvery

coarsesand.

<80cm.

Profuse

weathered

scoriagravelsat

about80cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-42cm

near

neutral.42-

125cmslightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenbelow

42cm

.Potassium

very

lowbelow

19cm.

ExtremelyhighP

retention.

Rer

ee91B

Undulating(4

-7°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-18cm

siltloam

.18-70cmsandyloam

.70-125cm

gravellyvery

coarsesand.

<70cm.

Profuse(>

75%)

weathered

scoriagravelsat

70cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-40cm

near

neutral.

40-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

18cm

.ExtremelyhighP

retention.

Rew

a22


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.




havea1in2yearreturn

period.

Noerosionrisk.


occursinmostyears

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.


.106-126cmsiltloam

.<125cm

.Note,

watertableat

125cmduring

partofthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-28cm

moderately

acid.

28-126cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.

Rew

asa

196B

,196C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friabletofirm

clay.

20-62cmfirm

clay.

62-100cm

extremelyfirm

weatheredinsiturock

(sandyloam

).

<65cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

65cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

occupy6%ofthearea.

Com

monsurface

boulders.

0-20cm

moderately

acid.

20-100cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Rew

asa

196D

,196E


(12-20°).Generally

unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-22cm

friableclay.

22-65cmfirm

clay.

65-125cm

veryfirm

weatheredinsiturock

(sandyloam

).

<65cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

65cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

occupy10%

ofthearea.

Com

monsurface

boulders.

0-22cm

moderately

acid.

22-125cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Ror

oa109D

,109E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

finesandyloam

.30-

75cm

gravellycoarseloam

ysand.

Oninduratedtuff.

<75cm.

Cem

entedtuff

between

75-100cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Raresurfa

ce

stones.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylow.

Ror

oa109F,109G,

109H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


debrisslideerosion

potential.Debrisslidesare

recognised.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-16cm

gravellyloam

yvery

coarsesand.

23-60cmverycoarsesand.

Oninduratedtuff.

<60cm.

Cem

entedtuff

between60-

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylow.

Rukuruku

201B

,201C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Rukuruku

201D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Sabeto

116C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friabletofirm

clay.

20-48cmfirm

stonyclay.

Onweaklyweatheredmarl.

<50cm.

Weatheringin

situmarlat

50cm

.

Rockoutcropscover

12%ofthesurface.

Stonescover3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-48cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.

Sabeto

116D

,116E,

116F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-18cm

friabletofirm

clay.

18-43cmfirm

stonyclay.

Onweaklyweatheredmarl.

<50cm.

Weatheringin

situmarlat

50cm

.

Rockoutcropscover

15%ofthesurface.

Stonescover2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-43cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.

Saliadrau

61Flattonearlevel(0-2°).

Slightlyundulating

microrelief.




havea1in2yearreturn

period.W

aterliesfor2-3

days.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-12cm

loam

yfinesand.12-

30cm

siltloam

.30-45cmloam

.45-70cmloam

ysand.

70-84cmsiltloam

.84-125cm

loam

ysand.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-30cm

strongly

acid.30-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Sal

iala

ilai

219G

,219H

Steepandverysteep


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-15cm

firm

slightlypeaty

siltloam


loam

.Onbasaltflowrock.

<50cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover15%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

bouldersoccupy10%of

thesurfa

ce.

0-15cm

strongly

acid.15-40cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Sam

abula

110A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingforupto5

daysdurationmayoccuron

3-5occasionssometimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-5cmfirm

clay.

5-20cm

friablestonyclay.

20-30cmfriablebouldery

clay.

Oninsitumarl.

<30cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

30cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-5cmnear

neutral.

5-20cm

slightly

alkaline.

20-30cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Sam

abula

110B

,110C

Undulatingtorolling(4-

11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


risk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-35cm

firm

clay.

35-45cmfriablestonyclay.

Oninsitumarl.

<45cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

45cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-7cmnear

neutral.

7-35cm

slightly

alkaline.

35-45cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Sam

abula

110D

,110E,

110F,110G

Rollingtosteep(12-

35°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-10cm

firm

clay.

10-45cmfriableclay.

Oninsitumarl.

<45cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

45cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

near

neutral.

10-45cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.

Sarow

aqa

135F,135G,

135H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Evidenceofpasterosion.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friabletofirm

sandy

clay.

10-75cmfriableclay.

Onfirmclay.

<75cm.

Weatheredin

situparentrock

at75cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfacestonesand

bouldersoccupy4%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-10cm

moderately

acid.

10-75cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Saunaka

34A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsinfre

quent

(1-2timesperyear)short

duration(1-2days)surface

floodingandpondingmay

beexperiencedsom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.


erosionpotentialonslope

>1°.

Innormalyears


mayoccurforupto60days

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof60daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-30cm

loam

ysand.

30-125cm

+clay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andseasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium


Saunaka

34B

Undulating(4

-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Innormalyearsisolated

pondingforupto1-2days

mayoccursom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Innormalyears



sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-25cm

loam

ysand.

25-125cm

+clay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andseasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium


Savudrodro

161D

,161E,

161F,161G

Rollingtosteep

(12-35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


massmovem

enterosion

potential.Have

experiencedpastsheet

erosion.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-8cmfriablesandyclay

loam

.8-40cm

veryfirmsandyclay.

40-120cm

firm

sandyclay.

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

100cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Calcium

,magnesium

and

potassiumlow.

Saw

akasa

48Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Even

microrelief.


forfloodsdepositingsm

all

amountsoffreshalluvium

.1in2yearreturnperiodfor

otherfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Innormalyearsmay

waterlogbelow75cmforup

to60daysduringtheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-30cm

friableclayloam

.30-70cmfirm

clayloam

.70-120cm

firm

clay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphoruslow.

Saw

eni

53Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Uneven

microreliefduetovertic

properties.

Innormalyearsfloodingfor

upto5daysare

experiencedon2-3


periodNovem

bertoApril.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingbelow50cmis

experiencedforupto60

dayssom

etimeduringthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-20cm

veryfirmheavyclay.


clay.

45-120cm

extremelyfirm

siltyclay.

<120cm

.Note

seasonalhigh

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-45cm

slightly

acid.45-

100cmslightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.


potassium.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Seatura

172D

,172E


(12-20°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialfollowing

forestclearance.Slight

soilslipanddebrisslide

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablehumicclay

loam

.15-70cmfirm

stonyclay.70-

125cmfirm

stonysiltyclay.

<120cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-15cm

strongly

acid.15-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Verylowpotassium

below

15cm

.

Seatura

172F,172G,

172H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Hum

mockymicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


androllerosionpotential.

Moderatesoilslipand

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-16cm

friablehumicclay

loam

.16-65cmfirm

stonyclay

loam

.65-125cm

firm

stonysilt

loam

.

<120cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-16cm

strongly

acid.16-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus

values.

Ser

ea46

Nearflat(0-2°).

Smoothmicrorelief.




havea1in2yearreturn

period.W

aterliesfor2-3

days.

Noerosionrisk.P

otential

lateralcorrasionadjacent

toriver.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-6cmloam

yfinesand.

6-17cm

finesand.

17-92cmloam

yveryfine

sand.

92-150cm

finesand.

<150cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-6cmslightly

alkaline.

6-17cm

near

neutral.

17-250cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen

throughout.

Serua

128E

,128F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-26°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.Severe

debrisslideandsoilslip

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

siltyclayloam

.40-60cmsiltyclay.

60-125cm

clay.

<125cm

.Strongly

weatheredin

siturockat

125cm.

Nosurfa

cerock


ofmassmovem

ent.No

surfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Potassium

andnitrogen

verylowbelow

10cm.

Serua

128G

,128H


40°).Hum

mocky

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.Very

severedebrisslideandsoil

sliperosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.


.8-43cm

siltyclayloam

.43-65cmsiltyclay.

65-125cm

clay.

<125cm

.Strongly

weatheredin

siturockat

125cm.

Nosurfa

cerock


ofmassmovem

ent.No

surfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-8cm

moderately

acid.

8-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.

Potassium

andnitrogen

verylowbelow

8cm

.

Sigatoka


(0-1°).Smooth

microrelief.


form

ajorfloodscontributing

minoramountsofsediment.

Daysunderw

ater4to7.

Noseriouserosion.Slight

windpotentialw

here

structureshavebroken

down.A

slowly

accumulatingsite.

Subjecttoshortduration

waterloggingduringperiods

oflowfrequencymajor

floodevents.W

atertable

>125cm

from

surfaceatall

times.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture



MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

clayloam

.25-35cmsiltloam

.35-100cm

clayloam

.>100cm

finesandyclay

loam

.

>150cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-150cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Loworganiccarbon

values.Lowpotassium

valuesinsubsoils.

Solevu

171B

,171C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-50cm

firm

clay.

Onweatheredinsitubasalt.

<50cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

50cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Surface

boulderscover2%of

thearea.

0-70cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Solevu

171D

Rolling(12-15°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-55cm

firm

clay.


<50cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10%

ofthearea.


2%ofthearea.

0-65cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Solevu

171E

,171F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-18cm

friableclay.

18-60cmfirm

clay.


<60cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

60cm

.

Surfacerockscover

15%ofthearea.Few

surfa

ceboulders.

0-70cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Soqulu

217G

,217H

Steepandverysteep


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Veryseveresheetand

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearsnever

experiencessoilm

oisture

deficits.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-12cm

softpeatysiltloam

.12-38cmfriablepeatysilt

loam

.38-57cmfirm

gravellyand

grittyloam

.57-70cmfriableloam

yfine

sandygravel.

70-150cm

weatheredinsitu

scoria.

<75cm.

Com

pactscoria

at75cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Surface

bouldersoccupy10%of

thesurfa

ce.

0-38cm

moderately

acid.

38-70cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Sos

o3

Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Com

monly

hummockymicrorelief.

Watertableperm

anently

highandfluctuateswiththe

tides.Notfloodedabove

30-50cmduringnorm

alhigh

tide.M

ajorfloodingrelates

tospringtidesandmajor

stormevents.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyearsthesoilis

waterloggedpermanently

belowabout40cmthough

thewaterfluctuatesdaily

withthetides.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-8cmpeatysiltyclay.

8-67cm

clay.

67-95cmsiltyclay.

95-142cm

siltyclayloam

.142cm+loam

yfinesand.

<40cm.Note

highwatertable

andlowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-44cm

extremelyacid.

44-67cm

stronglyacid.

67-95cm

moderately

acid.

95-160cm

slightlyacid.

Moderately

saline.

Lowphosphorus.V

ery

lownitrogenbelow

8cm

.

Sot

e126B

,126C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-22cm

clayloam

.22-125cm

clay.

<65cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between65and

75cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

13cm

.

Sot

e126D

,126E,

126F,126G

Rollingtosteep(12-

35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Moderatesheet,rill,soil

creepandterra

cette

(undergrazingregime)

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

clayloam

.40-125cm

clay.

<70cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between

70-75cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

18cm

.

Suva

119B

,119C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenotexperienced.Welldrained.0-35cm

friabletofirm

clay.

35-75cmfirm

clay.

Onweatheringmarl.

<75cm.Insitu

marl(paralithic

contact)at

75cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-35cm

slightly

acid.35-75cm

nearneutral.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Tabaka

103C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Veryseveresheeterosion

potential.

Duetocontinuousheavy

rainfallcanwaterlogfor

shortperiods.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-72cm

friableclay.

72-125cm

veryfriablefine

sandyloam

.

<125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Boulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-15cm

extremelyacid.

15-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Tabaka

103D

,103E

Rollingandstrongly


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Duetocontinuousheavy

rainfallcanwaterlogfor

shortperiods.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friableclay.

12-60cmfriableloam

yclay.

60-90cmlooseloam

ysand.

<100cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Boulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-12cm

extremelyacid.

12-90cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.

Tabia

189A

,189B,

189C


toeasyrolling(0

-11°).

Slightlyhum

mocky

microrelief.

Sedimentationhasoccurre

dinthepast,butinfre

quent

now.Occasionalflooding

(withwaterlying2-3days)

onslopes<2°mayoccur2-

3tim

esannuallysom

etime

intheperiodNovem

berto

April.

Slightsheeterosion

potentialonslopes>3°

whencultivated..

Waterloggingmayoccur2-

3tim

esinwetseasonon

slopes<3°.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-28cm

clay.

29-43cmclayloam

.43-51cmsiltloam


loam

.69-125cm

clayloam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylow

throughout.Calcium

and

magnesium

verylowin

subsoils.%BSlowtovery

low.

Tabuquto

165A

,165B


toundulating(0-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


pastsoilerosion.Have

moderatewind,sheetand

minorrillerosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

clayloam

.12-60cmclay.

60-75cmsandyclayloam

.Onfra

cturedinsiturock.

<75cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-12cm

slightly

acid.12-75cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Calcium

andpotassium

lowintopsoilandverylow

below12cm.

Tabuquto

165C


Generallyeven

microrelief.Som

eunevennessinareasof

windthrow

.

Neverfloods.


pastsoilerosion.Have

moderatetoseverewind,

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.9-55cm

clay.

55-85cmfinesandyclay

loam

.Onfra

cturedinsiturock.

<85cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

0-9cmslightly

acid.9-85cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Calcium

andpotassium


below12cm.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Tabuquto

165D

Rolling(12-15°).

Terra

cettedand

generallyuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


pasterosionandsoil

losses.Veryseverewind,

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

clayloam

.15-65cmclay.

65-95cmsandyclayloam

.Oninsitufracturedrock.

<85cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5%ofarea.

Surfacestonescover

2%ofarea.

0-15cm

slightly

acid.15-95cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Calcium

andpotassium


below15cm.

Tacilevu


(0-1°).Hum

mocky

microreliefdueto

windthrow

..

Neverflooded.S

ubjectto

waveencroachmentduring

severestorm

events.

Subjecttominorscouring

bywavesinsom

eplaces

duringseverestorm

events.

Perchedwatertable.In

norm

alyearswaterlogging


sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-46cm

shellysandyloam


.81-100cm

stonycoarse

sand.

Oncementedbeachrock.

<100cm

.Wet

seasonsubsoil

waterlogging

andlownutrient

statusbelow

16cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

coralstones.

0-16cm

moderately

alkaline.

16-100cm

strongly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Availablephosphorusand

potassiumverylow.

Organiccarbonand

nitrogenverylowbelow

16cm

.

Tagimaucia

220A

,220B

Flattoundulating

(0-7°).Uneven.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Com

monlywaterlogsfor

partoftheyearbelow

50cm

depth.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-2cmfriableslightlysandy

clayloam

.2-25cm

firm

clayloam

.25-90cmsoftslightly

gravellyclay.

<50cm.

Normallywet

below50cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

bouldersandstones.

0-25cm

strongly

acid.25-90cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.V

eryhigh

phosphatefixation.

Tailevu

170D

,170E


(12-20°).Generally

unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.15-90cmveryfirmclay.

90-140cm

insitucoarse

angularbasaltrubble.

<90cm.Insitu

rockat90cm.

Notelowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

boulders.

0-140cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogenbelow15cm.

Tailevu

170F,170G

Moderatelysteepto

stee

p (21-35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

friableclayloam

.40-90cmfirm

clay.

90-120cm

boulderyclay(in

situweatheringrock).

<90cm.Insitu

rockat90cm.

Notelowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

boulderorstones.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogenbelow17cm.

Talacagi

66Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.



period.O

therfloodshavea

1in2yearreturnperiod.

Accum

ulatingsite.No

erosionrisk.

Innormalyearswater

perchesoverthecompact

subsoilforupto90days

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-18cm

veryfriablesandy

loam

.18-36cmfriabletofirm

sandyloam

.36-102cm

com

pactfirm

clay

loam

.

<40cm.

Com

pactfirm

clayeysubsoilat

40cm

.Verylow

subsoilnutrient

status.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-102cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Tamanua


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.




havea1in2yearreturn

period.

Noerosionrisk.


occursinmostyears

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-38cm

veryfinesandyclay

loam


.61-97cmsiltyclay.

<65cm.Water

tableat65cm

duringpartof

thewetseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-38cm

moderately

acid.

38-97cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.

Tau

76D,76E

,76F

Rollingtomoderately

steep(12-25°)U

neven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheeterosion

potential.Have


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-18cm

friableclayloam

.18-40cmfirm

stonyclay

loam

.Onhardlimestone.

<50cm.Hard

limestoneat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover15%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Stonesand

bouldersoccupy10%of

thesurfa

ce.

0-18cm

moderately

acid.

18-40cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen.

Tau

76G,76H


40°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.Have


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-16cm

friableclayloam

.16-38cmfirm

stonyclay

loam

.Onhardlimestone.

<50cm.Hard

limestoneat

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover30%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Stonesand

bouldersoccupy5%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-16cm

moderately

acid.

16-38cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen.

Taveuni

93C


Hum

mockymicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-11cm

veryfriablehum

ic

loam

.11-31cmveryfriableclay

loam

.31-54cmfriableloam


loam

.75-114cm

friablegravelly

loam

.

<100cm

Rockoutcropscover3%

ofthesurfa

ce.Boulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-114cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.Very

highphosphatefixation

properties.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Taveuni

93D,93E


(12-20°).Hum

mocky

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

veryfriablehum

ic

loam


loam

.70-100cm

veryfriable

gravellyloam

.

<100cm

Rockoutcropscover5%

ofthesurfa

ce.Boulders

occupy3-4%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.Very

highphosphatefixation

properties.

Tavua

197C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Slighttomoderate

potentialofsheeterosion

underintensecultivation.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-40cm

clayloam

.40-90cmclay.

Onweatheredinsiturock.

<90cm

Rockoutcropscover

lessthan2%ofarea.


5-10%ofarea.

0-90cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Loworganiccarbon%in

topsoilsandverylow

below20cm.

Tavua

197D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotentialw

here

vegetativecoverbared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysoccur


toOctober.

Welldrained.0-38cm

clayloam

.38-100cm

clay.

Oninsiturock.

<100cm

Rockoutcropscover

lessthan2%ofarea.


8-10%ofarea.

0-100cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Loworganiccarbon%in

topsoilsandverylow

below15cm.

Tavua

197E

,197F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep

(16-25°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotentialw

here

vegetativecoverbared.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysoccur


toOctober.

Welldrained.0-28cm

clayloam

.28-80cmclay.

Oninsiturock.

<80cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5-10%

ofarea.


2-3%

ofarea.

0-80cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Loworganiccarbon%in

topsoilsandverylow

below15cm.

Tavuyaga

107G

,107H

Steepandverysteep


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheet,rilland

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenotexperienced.Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-16cm

friablesandyclay

loam

.16-140cm

friablesandy

loam

.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Boulders

occupy10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-16cm

slightly

acid.16-

140cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Tiri

2Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Uneven

microreliefdueto

reclam

ationand

drainageworks.

Artificiallydrained.Water

tablestillaffectedbytidal

fluctuations.Innormal

yearswouldsuffer5-6

floods,eachlyingfor2-3

dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.


drainagewatertable

maintainedatabout60cm.

Canexperienceshort

durationwaterloggingtothe

surfa

ceduringfloodand

springtideevents.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-32cm

hum

icclayloam

.32-108cm

peatysiltloam

.108-135cm+siltloam

.

<30cm.Low

subsoilnutrient

statusandhigh

salinity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-32cm

strongly

acid.32-

108cm

extremelyacid.

108-135cm

nearneutral.

Strongly

saline.

Potassium

verylow32-

108cm.

Toguru

19Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).Slight


Innormalyearsand

becauseofhighwatertable

andtopographicpositions

floodingcanoccurforupto

12dayson2-3occasions

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Significantdisturbanceby

crabsandrodents.



70cm

(sum

mer)and100cm

(winter)butcancom

etothe

surfa

ceforshortperiods.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-68cm

sandyloam

.68-92cmloam

.<100cm

.High

seasonalwater

tableandlow

subsoilnutrient

statusincluding

highaluminium

at46-68cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-46cm

moderately

acid.

46-68cm

extremelyacid.

68-92cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

23cm

.Phosphoruslow.

Tokotoko

30Flattonearlevel

(0-1°).

Slig

ht


Duetohighwatertablesin

summermonthssurfa

ce

floodingmayoccuron3-4

occasionslyingforupto15

daysduringtheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.1in25

yearreturnperiodforfloods

depositingsediment.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.



15cm

(sum

mer)and100cm

(winter).

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-17cm

siltyclayloam

.17-37cmclayloam

.37-134cm

clay.

<75cm.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-37cm

moderately

acid.

37-134cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

17cm

.

Totoya

191B

,191C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare


MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-35cm

grittyclay.

35-63cmclay.

63-125cm

slightlystony

grittyclay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-63cm

slightly

acid.63-

125cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Availablephosphorusvery

low.Exchangeable

calciumandpotassium

low.Veryloworganic

carbonbelow

9cm

.

Totoya

191D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare


MaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-40cm

grittyclay.

40-72cmclay.

72-125cm

grittyclay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-72cm

slightly

acid.72-

125cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Availablephosphorusvery

low.Exchangeable

calciumandpotassium

low.Veryloworganic

carbonbelow

10cm.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Tuva

181A

,181B,

181C

Flattoeasyrolling

(0-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



>20.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare


MaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-12cm

finesandyclay

loam

.12-36cmclayloam

.36-125cm

clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock.)

<40cm.

Weatheredrock

between40-

50cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-12cm

moderately

acid.

12-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


verylow.

Tuva

181D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


andrillerosion.Severe

sheetandrillerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture



MaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-14cm

siltyclayloam

.14-50cmclayloam

.50-125cm

clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock).

<50cm.

Weatheredrock

between40-

50cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-14cm

moderately

acid.

14-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


verylow.

Tuva

181E

,181F

Stronglyrollingto

moderatelysteep.(16-

25°).Generallysmooth

microrelief,unevenin

areasofrillerosion.

Neverfloods.


andrillerosion.Very

severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-10cm

siltyclayloam

.10-46cmclayloam

.46-125cm

clayloam

(insitu

weatheredrock).

<50cm.

Weatheredrock

between40-

50cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-10cm

moderately

acid.

10-50cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


verylow.

Tuvuca

80Flattonearlevel

(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Noerosionhazard.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-100cmveryfriableslightly

grittyverysandyloam

.>100cm

.Note

extremelyhigh

Mnlevels.

Rockoutcropscover

10%ofarea.N

osurfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-10cm

slightly

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Uaua

147A


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Floodingforupto7days

associatedwithhigh

intensitystorm

soccuron3-

4occasionsduringthewet

season.

Noerosionhazard.

Innormalyearswaterlogs

below70cmforupto3

monthssometimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-25cm

friablesandyloam

.25-100cm

firm

sandyclay.

<70cm.Water

tableat70cm

duringthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Uaua

147B

Undulating(4

-7°).Even

microrelief.

Shortduration(2-3days)

floodingassociatedwith

highintensitystorm

soccur

on3-4occasionsduringthe

wetseason.


potential.

Innormalyearswaterlogs

below100cm

forupto2

monthssometimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-10cm

veryfriablegravelly

sandyloam

.10-20cmfriableheavy

sandyloam


45-130cm

firm

sandyclay.

<100cm

.Water

tableat100cm

duringthewet

season.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-45cm

strongly

acid.45-

130cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Ucunilawe

216G

,216H

Steepandverysteep


microrelief.Abundant

surfa

cerockoutcrops

andboulders.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-60cm

veryfriableloam

.60-120cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.

<100cm

.Insitu

basaltat

100cm.

Rockoutcropscover

30%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy30%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Ura

95D,95E

,95F

Rollingtomoderately

stee

p (12-25°).

Slig

htly

unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-22cm

looseclay.


.50-90cmfriablesandyclay

loam

.90-120cm

veryfriablesandy

loam

.

<125cm

Rockoutcropscover3%

ofthesurfa

ce.Boulders

occupy2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-22cm

moderately

acid.

22-50cm

slightlyacid.50-

90cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.High

phosphatefixation

properties.

Vaidoko

167B

,167C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

clayloam

.25-45cmstonyclay.

Onweaklyweatheredinsitu

rock.

<45cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover30%

ofthearea.


8-10%ofthearea.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.25-45cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

25cm

.

Vaidoko

167D

,167E,

167F

Rollingtomoderately


microrelief(terra

cettes,

boulders).

Neverfloods.

Moderatelyseveresoil

creep,sheetanddebris


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.30-48cmboulderyclay.


rock.

<48cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover20-30%ofthe


cover2-3%ofthearea.

0-30cm

slightly

acid.30-48cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

35cm

.

Vaidoko

167G

,167H


38°).Uneven

microrelief(terra

cettes,

boulders).

Neverfloods.

Severesheet,soilcreep

anddebrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30are

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-25cm

clayloam

.25-35cmstonyclay.


rock.

<35cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover25%

ofthearea.


2-3%

ofthearea.

0-25cm

slightly

acid.25-35cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

below

25cm

.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Vakaw

au98E,98F

Stronglyrollingand

moderatelysteep


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-35cm

veryfriablestony

siltyclayloam

.35-70cmfriablebouldery

loam

.70-105cm

veryfriable

boulderysiltloam

.

<50cm.

Profuse

bouldersat

50cm

.

Rockoutcropscover

20%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy30%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-35cm

moderately

acid.

35-105cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

.Very

lowphosphatefixation

properties.

Varaciva

195E

,195F,

195G

,195H


steep(16-38°).

Neverfloods.


Moderatetosevere

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-6cmveryfriablegravelly

clayloam

.1cmdiscontinuoushardiron

pan.

25cm

friablegrittyclayon

weatheredrock.

<30cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsorsurface

boulders.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Nitrogen,B

S%

phosphorus,potassium

levelsverylow.

Vasilaulau

131D

,131E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Generallysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

clayloam


.Oninsiturock.

<45cm.Hardin

siturockat

45cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones,nosurfa

ce

boulders.

0-45cm

strongly

acid.45-75cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassiumbelow

25cm.

Vasilaulau

131F,131G,

131H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-38°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-24cm

clayloam


.Oninsiturock.

<45cm.Hardin

siturockat

45cm

.

Manysurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stonesandnosurfa

ce

boulders.

0-42cm

strongly

acid.42-70cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassiumbelow

24cm.

Vatubaba

150F,150G,

150H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-39°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof30daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.20-30cmfriablestonyclay

loam

.30-40cmveryfirmstony

clay.

40-70cmveryfirmbouldery

loam

.70-120cm

veryfirmbouldery

sandyloam

.

<70cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

situbouldery

parentmaterial

at70cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Vatukoula

198C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).


torockoutcropsand

surfa

ceboulders.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof

100-120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friableclayloam

.15-70cmboulderyclay.

70-100cm

boulderysilt

loam

.

<100cm

Rockoutcropsand

bluffscover30%

ofthe

area.Bouldersoccupy

8%ofthesurface.

0-100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Nitrogenandpotassium

valueslow.

Vatukoula

198D

,198E,

198F,198G

Rollingtosteep


microreliefduetorock

outcropsandbluffs.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.Potential

screeerosionbelowbluffs.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friableclayloam

.12-50cmfirm

clay.

50-80cmmassivebouldery

siltloam

.Onweatheredrock.

<80cm.Insitu

rockatabout

80cm

.

Rockoutcropsand

bluffscover60%

of

area.Bouldersand

screedebrisoccupy

15%ofsurface.

0-80cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Nitrogenandpotassium

valueslow.

Vatulele

77H

Verysteep(35-40°).

Extremelyuneven

microrelief(roots,

boulders,etc.).

Neverfloods.

Severesheeterosion

potentialw

henforest

removed.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

stonyclay.

Oncorallinerock.

<20cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover60-80%ofarea.

Surfacestonesand

boulderscover50%

of

area.

Nearneutral.

Nonsaline.

Noneidentified.P

ossible

traceelement

deficiencies.

Vatum

a49A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsfloods

(wateronly)wouldoccur3-

4tim

esbutofshort

durations(1-2days).



period.Floodsoccur

sometimewithintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyears


upto40dayswithin1mof

thesoilsurfa

ce.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-25cm

clayloam

.25-125cm

clay.

<125cm

.Note

seasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-38cm

near

neutral.

38-125cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.Nitrogenvery

low.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Vatum

a49B

Undulating(4-7°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Innormalyearsfloods

(wateronly)wouldoccur3-

4tim

esayearw

ithwater

runningoffw

ithin24hours.


have1in15yearreturn

period.Floodsoccur

sometimewithintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyears


upto10dayswithin1mof

thesoilsurfa

ce.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-26cm

clayloam

.26-130cm

clay.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-42cm

near

neutral.

42-130cm

slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

throughout.Nitrogenvery

low.

Vatuvonu

143B

,143C

Undulatingandeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofup120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friablefinesandy

clay.


.Onhardpum

iceoustuff.

<20cm.Weakly

weatheredin

siturockat

20cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfacestonesoccupy

3%ofthesurface.

0-10cm

strongly

acid.10-15cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Vatuvonu

143D

,143E,

143F

Rollingtomoderately


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsofup120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friablestonysandy

clayloam

.10-25cmfriableverystony

sandyloam

.Onweatheringpumiceous

agglom

erate.

<25cm.

Weatheringin

siturockat

25cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover12%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surfacestones

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-10cm

strongly

acid.10-25cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Veisaru


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.


forfloodsdepositing

alluvium

.2in1yearreturn


Noerosionrisk.

Waterlogsbelow

50cmfor

4monthsintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-18cm

friableclay.

18-71cmfirm

grittyclay.

71-150cm

firm

clayloam

.

<50cm.Water

tableat50cm

depthduringthe

wetseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-71cm

extremelyacid.

71-150cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogenand

phosphorus.

Verevere

146A

,146B,

146C

Flattoundulatingto

easyrolling(0-11°).

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>120daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-12cm

friablesandyclay.

12-50cmfriableslightly

stonyclayonweathered

rock.

<50cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsorsurface

boulders.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusvalues

withlowsubsoilvaluesfor

potassium.

Vis

a125B

,125C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-50cm

clay.

50-125cm

clayloam

.<90cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat90-

100cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-50cm

strongly

acid.50-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

15cm

.

Vis

a125D

,125E


(12-20°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-40cm

clay.

40-125cm

clayloam

.<75cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

75-90cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-40cm

strongly

acid.40-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

13cm

.

Vis

a125F,125G

Moderatelysteepto

steep(21-35°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Oddrotationalslumps.

Severesheet,rillandsoil


Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

clay.

30-100cm

clayloam

.<60cm.

Weatheredin

siturock

60-70cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-30cm

strongly

acid.30-

100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

11cm

.

Vitawa

163F,163G,

163H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Generallyuneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-23cm

clayloam


.43-75cmfracturedinsitu

rock(stonysiltyclayloam

).

<45cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

about45cm.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Com

mon

surfa

cestones.

0-23cm

strongly

acid.23-43cm

moderately

acid.

43-100cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Volivoli

11A,11B

,11C


toeasyrolling(0-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheetandwind

(saltation)erosionattimes

ofcultivatedfallow.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-15cm

veryfriablecoarse

sand.

15-76cmloosecoarsesand.

76-150cm

veryfriable

coarsesand.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-60cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

organicmattervalues.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Volivoli

11D,11E

,11F,11G

Rollingtosteep

(12-35°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


andwind(saltation)

erosionattimeof

cultivatedfallow.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-12cm

veryfriablecoarse

sand.

12-150cm

loosecoarse

sand.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-50cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

organicmattervalues.

Vuna

85C



withrockoutcropsand

surfa

ceboulders.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-27cm

veryfriablestony

clayloam

.27-60cmveryfriableloam

ymediumsand.

Onbrokenbasaltlava.

<60cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Boulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-60cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Vuna

85D,85E

Rollingandstrongly


unevenmicroreliefw

ith

rockoutcropsand

surfa

ceboulders.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-20cm

veryfriablestony

siltyclayloam


yfinesand.

Onbrokenboulderybasalt

lava.

<55cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover20%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Boulders

occupy5-10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-53cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Vuna

85F,85G

Moderatelysteepand

steep(21-35°).Very

unevenmicroreliefw

ith

rockoutcropsand

surfa

ceboulders.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Som

ewhat

excessively

drained.

0-15cm

veryfriablestony

clayloam

.15-45cmveryfriablesandy

loam

.Onbrokenbasaltlava.

<45cm

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover30%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Boulders

occupy10%

ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-45cm

slightly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorusand

potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Vunatoto

162E

,162F,

162G

,162H



microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.30-120cm

veryfirmbouldery

clay.

<50cm.

Weatheredin

situbouldery

parentmaterial

at50cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy5%ofthe

surfa

ce.

Stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowphosphorus.

Vunavutu

12Nearflat(0-1°).

Floodswithwetseason

highintensitystorm

s.

Watermaypondforupto7

days.

Noerosionrisk.

Waterlogsforafewdays3

timesonaverageduringthe

wetseason.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>90daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

firm

siltyclay.

30-80cmfirm

stickyfine

sandyclayloam

.80-130cm

firm

stickysandy

clay.

>100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsorsurface

boulders.

0-130cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogenvalues.

Vunibau


(0-3°).

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablesandyloam


ysand.

50-160cm

loosesand.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcropsorsurface

boulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen,potassium

andphosphorusvalues.

Vunicibicibi

41A


(0-3°).Even

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-17cm


loam

.17-142cm

friabletofirm

clay

loam

.

>150cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesandboulders.

0-17cm

slightly

alkaline.

17-142cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.A

luminium

toxicity.

Vunicibicibi

41B,41C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Generallyeven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-18cm


loam

.18-120cm

friabletofirm

grittyclayloam

.120-149cmfriableclay

loam

.

>150cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-147cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.A

luminium

toxicity.

Vunicibicibi

41D

Rolling(12-15°).

Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friablegravellyclay

loam

.20-80cmfirm

grittyclay

loam

.80-152cm

friableclayloam

.

>150cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus

andalum

inium

toxicity.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-152cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.A

luminium

toxicity.

Vunilagi


(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Innormalyearsinfre

quent

(4-5peryear)shortduration

(3-4days)floodingfrom

creeksandduringhigh

springtidescanoccur

sometimeinthewet

season.

Noerosionrisk.


tablefluctuatesfro

m40cm

(sum

mermonths)to80cm

(winterm

onths).Notealso

sealevelcontrolonwater

table.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-69cm

clay.

69-100cm

+clayloam

(with

coralshellsandgravels).

<70cm.Note

highseasonal

watertable.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-16cm

slightly

alkaline.

16-100cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusverylow.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Vurevure


(0-3°).Hum

mocky

microrelief.

Floodsfrequentlyduringthe

periodNovem

bertoApril

withwaterpondingfor

manymonths.

Noerosionrisk.



moisturedeficits.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-90cm

softpeatyclay.

Watertableat

ornearsurface

form

ostofthe

year.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-90cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.

Notanalysed.

Vuya

185B

,185C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4-11°).

Microrelief-minor

surfa

ceundulations.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-85cm

clay.

85-120cm

grittyclay.

<120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-120cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.


andcalciuminsubsoils.

Vuya

185D

,185E,

185F

Rollingtomoderately


microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-75cm

clay.

75-110cm

grittyclay.

<110cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-110cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.



Vuya

185G

,185H


39°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficits>100daysare

experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-20cm

grittyclay.

20-68cmclay.

68-100cm

stonyclay.

<100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

insubsoils.



Waibici

222C


Unevenmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-60cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.60-120cm

veryfirmclay.

<125cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Surface

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-30cm

extremelyacid.

30-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassiumand

phosphorus.

Waibici

222D

,222E,

222F

Rollingtomoderately


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.


moisturedeficits.

Welldrained.0-25cm

veryfriableclay

loam


.80-125cm

firm

clay.

<125cm

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy3%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-25cm

extremelyacid.

25-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassiumand

phosphorus.

Waibula

59A,59B


(0-7°).Uneven

microreliefw

ith

commonsurfacebasalt

boulders.



period.O

therfloodshavea


Noerosionrisk.

Watertable>120cm

.Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-27cm

veryfriablecoarse

sandyloam

.27-30cmveryfriablecoarse

sand.

30-110cm

veryfriablesandy

clayloam

.Onbasaltboulders.

>100cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Basalt

bouldersoccupy5%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-30cm

moderately

acid.

30-110cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Lowpotassium

and

nitrogen.

Waidina

129B

,129C


Generallysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-18cm

siltloam

.18-105cm

siltyclayloam

.105-125cmweatheredin

siturock(siltloam

).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

about100cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-62cm

moderately

acid.

62-105cm

slightlyacid.

105-125cm

nearneutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

magnesium

lowinsubsoil.

Waidina

129D

,129E

Rollingandstrongly


microreliefduetoforest

dimplingand

terra

cettes.

Neverfloods.


soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-14cm

siltloam


.99-125cm

weatheredinsitu

rock(siltloam

).

<100cm

.Weatheredin

siturockat

about100cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-77cm

moderately

acid.

77-99cm

slightlyacid.99-

125cmnear

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

magnesium

lowinsubsoil.

Waidina

129F,129G

Moderatelysteepand


microreliefduetoforest

dimplingand

terra

cettes.

Neverfloods.

Contemporarysmallareas

ofmassmovem

ent.

Severesheet,rilland

debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Moderately

welldrained.

0-12cm

siltloam


.80-125cm

weatheredinsitu

rock(siltloam

).

<80cm.

Weatheredin

siturockat

about80cm.

Fewrockoutcrops

(landslidescars).No

surfa

cestonesor

boulders.

0-80cm

slightly

acid.

80-125cm

near

neutral.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

and

magnesium

lowinsubsoil.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Waidradra


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.




havea1in2yearreturn

period.

Noerosionrisk.

Waterloggingoccursbelow

75cm

,asaresultofraised

watertable,duringsome

partofthewetseason.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-56cm

clayloam

.56-61cmsandyloam

.61-100cm

clayloam

.

<75cm.High

watertableat

75cm

duringthe

wetseason.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-56cm

strongly

acid.56-61cm

moderately

acid.

61-100cm

stronglyacid.

100-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

verylowbelow

15cm

.

Waikalou


phas

e (0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Shortduration(3-6days)

floods1or2timesperyear

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Noerosionrisk.

Waterloggingonflatsites

upto60dayssom

etimein

theperiodNovem

berto

April.W

atertable

fluctuatesbetween70and

90cm

.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Poo

rly

drained.

0-50cm

finesandyloam

.50-

125cmsand.

<75cm.

Seasonal

waterlogging

andlownutrient

statusof

subsoils.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.



Wailotua

74D,74E

,74F,74G

Rollingtosteep

(12-35°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheeterosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-10cm

friableboulderyclay

loam

.10-100cm

friabletofirm

boulderyclayloam

.

<100cm

.Insitu

limestoneat

100cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover15%

ofthe

surfa

ce.Surface

boulderscover10%

of

thesurfa

ce.

Slightlyalkaline.

Nonsaline.


deficiencies.

Wailulu

225A

,225B,

225C

Flattoundulatingto

easyrolling(0-11°).

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-20cm

friableclay.

20-70cmfirm

clay.

70-100cm

friableclay.

<100cm

.Many

strongly

weathered

bouldersbelow

70cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-100cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Wailulu

225D

,225E,

225F,225G

Rollingtosteep

(12-35°).

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-25cm

friableclayloam

.25-85cmfirm

clay.

85-120cm

friableclay.

<100cm

.Many

strongly

weathered

bouldersbelow

50cm

.

Surfacerockoutcrops


Surfaceboulders

occupy2%ofthe

surfa

ce.

0-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

phosphorusand

potassium.

Waimaro

127B

,127C

Undulatingtoeasy


microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsof<10daysmay

occursom

etimeintheperiod

MaytoOctober.


.4-62cm

clay.

62-125cm

stonyclay.

<65m

.Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between65-

75cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

,magnesium

andcalciumverylow

below15cm.

Waimaro

127D

,127E


(12-20°).Uneven

(forestdimpled)

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


soilcreeperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-20cm

clayloam

.20-70cmclay.

70-125cm

stonyclay.

<65cm.

Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between65-

75cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

,magnesium

andcalciumverylow

below20cm.

Waimaro

127F,127G,

127H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-38°).

Teracettes.Forest

dimpledmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Som

erotationalslumps

occur.Severesheet,rill,

soilcreepandslum

ping

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-30cm

clayloam

.30-60cmclay.

60-125cm

stonyclay.

<60m

.Strongly

weatheredin

siturock

between60-

70cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

,magnesium

andcalciumverylow

below12cm.

Wainibuka


(0-2°).Smooth

microrelief.

Floods(1in15years)of

shortduration(waterand

sediment)mayoccur.

Noerosionrisk.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-68cm

clay.

68-83cmclaytoclayloam

.83-125cm

clay.

>125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nostonesor

boulders.

Slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

lowinsubsoil.

Wainikai

68Flat(0°).Even

microrelief.

Watertableatornear

surfa

ceform

uchofthe

year.

Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Duetopermanenthigh

watertablethesoilis

continuallywaterlogged

throughouttheyear.

Soilm

oisturedeficitsare

neverexperienced.

Ver

y po

orly

drained.

0-25cm

fibricpeat.

25-45cmclayloam

.45-100cm

clay.

100-125cmsiltyclayloam

.

0cm.Dueto

perm

anent

watertableator

neartheground

surfa

ce.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-45cm

strongly

acid.45-

125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumverylow.

Wainikavou

33A,33B

Flatandnearlevelto

undulating(0

-5°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Floodshavea1in5year

returnperiod.W

aterliesup

to5days.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingcanoccur

below30cmforupto15

dayson2-3occasions

sometimeintheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-10cm

siltloam


.23-62cmclayloam

.62-125cm

clay.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogenand

phosphorusthroughout.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Wainikoro

140C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-15cm

finesandyclay

loam

.15-85cmfinesandyclay.

85-125cm

finesandyclay

loam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Wainikoro

140D

,140E


(12-20°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Haveexperienced

significantsheeterosion

wherecontinuallycropped.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-13cm

finesandyclay

loam

.13-73cmfinesandyclay.

73-125+finesandyclay

loam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Wainikoro

140F,140G,

140H

Moderatelysteepto

verysteep(21-40°).

Generallysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Severetopsoillosses

recognisedwhere

continuallycroppedwithout

conservationmeasures.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

sandyclayloam

.10-80cmfinesandyclay.80-

125cm+siltyclayloam

.

>125cm

.Note

lowsubsoil

nutrientstatus.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus,


Wainivesi


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.



period.O

therfloodshavea


Accum

ulatingsoil.N

oerosionrisk.

Innormalyearsmay

waterlogbelow125cm

sometimeduringtheperiod

Novem

bertoApril.


moisturedeficits.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-23cm

friableclayloam

.23-46cmfirm

grittyclay

loam

.46-76cmveryfirmgrittyclay

loam

.76-122cm

veryfirmgritty

clay.

122-140cmveryfirmgritty

loam

.

<125cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

moderately

acid.

122-140cm

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.


verylowpotassium

below

23cm

.

Wainunu

173A


(0-3°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Veryslightsheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-16cm

veryfriablehum

ic

clayloam

.16-30cmfirm

siltyclay.

30-120cm

veryfirmclay.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-16cm

extremelyacid.

16-120cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Wainunu

173B

,173C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-18cm

veryfriablehum

ic

clayloam

.18-50cmfirm

siltyclay.

50-125cm

firm

clay.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-18cm

extremelyacid.

18-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Wainunu

173D

,173E,

173F

Smoothtomoderately

steep(12-25°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-18cm

veryfriableclay

loam

.18-52cmfirm

siltyclayloam

.52-125cm

firm

siltyclay.

>120cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-125cm

stronglyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowphosphorus.

Waioba

88G,88H

Steepandverysteep

(26-40°).Forest

dimpledmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


debrisslideerosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-48cm

veryfriableloam

.0-

115cmfriableclayloam

.>100cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stoneorboulders.

0-88cm

slightly

acid.88-

115cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation

properties.

Waioru

102G

,102H

Steepandverysteep

(26-40°).Forest

dimpledmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-43cm

friablesiltyclay

loam

.43-97cmfirm

siltyclayloam

.97-110cm

firm

boulderysilt

loam

.

<100cm

.Profuse

bouldersbelow

100cm.

Rockoutcropscover

15%ofthesurface.

Bouldersoccupy3%of

thesurfa

ce.

0-110cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Verylownitrogen,

potassiumand

phosphorus.Veryhigh

phosphorusfixation

properties.

Waiqere

87C

Easyrolling(8

-11°).

Undulatingmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-15cm

friablesiltloam


.27-45cmfriablesiltloam


loam

.61-125cm

veryfriablesand.

>100cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Basalt

bouldersoccupy2%

of

thesurfa

ce.

0-7cmstrongly

acid.7-125cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation.


Soil

Serie

sSo

il M

ap

Uni

tSl

ope

Mic

rore

lief

Susc

eptib

ility

to F

lood

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to E

rosi

onSu

scep

tibili

ty to

W

ater

logg

ing

Susc

eptib

ility

to D

roug

htO

vera

ll D

rain

age

Prof

ile T

extu

ral P

atte

rnM

in. E

ffect

. R

ootin

g D

epth

Out

crop

s &

Sur

face

St

ones

and

Bou

lder

sAc

idity

/ Al

kalin

itySa

linity

Kno

wn

Lim

iting

N

utrie

nts

Waiqere

87D,87E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Undulatingmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.

Severesheetandrill

erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Welldrained.0-55cm

friablesiltloam


loam

.70-100cm

veryfriable

mediumsand.

>100cm

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Basalt

bouldersoccupy4-5%

ofthesurfa

ce.

0-10cm

strongly

acid.10-

100cm

moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.


potassium.Veryhigh

phosphatefixation.

Waisava

132A

Gentlyundulating

(1-3°).Uneven

microrelief(commonly

duetopugging).

Neverfloods.

Noerosionrisk.

Innormalyears

waterloggingoccursforup

to60dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-90cm

clay.

90-110cm

sandyclayloam

.<130cm

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Nonsaline.

Waisava

132B

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Uneven

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Slightsheeterosion

potential.

Innormalyears

waterloggingoccursforup

to30dayssom

etimeinthe

periodNovem

bertoApril.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-31cm

clay.

31-45cmclayloam

.45-105clay.

105-113cmsandyclay

loam

.

<100cm

.Note,

seasonal

waterlogging.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

Nonsaline

Potassium

verylow

throughout.

Yakita

153B

,153C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture

deficitsarenever

experienced.

Imperfe

ctly

drained.

0-18cm

firm

sandyheavy

clay.

18-30cmfirm

tofriablevery

heavyclay.

30-100cm

firm

clay.

<100cm

.Com

pactclayat

70cm

.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stonesorboulders.

0-60cm

strongly

acid.

Nonsaline.


andpotassium.

Yako

120B

,120C

Undulatingtoeasy

rolling(4

-11°).Smooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.


potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-30cm

veryfriablestony

clayloam

.Oninsiturock.

<30cm.

Fracturedinsitu

rockat30cm

depth.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

bouldersbutafew

surfa

cestones.

0-30cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.

Yako

120D

Rolling(12-15°).

Smoothmicrorelief.

Neverfloods.


erosionpotential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-26cm

veryfriablestony

clayloam

.Oninsiturock.

<30cm.

Fracturedinsitu

rockat30cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

bouldersbutafew

surfa

cestones.

0-26cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.

Yako

120E

Stronglyrolling

(16-20°).

Neverfloods.



Moderatesoilsliperosion

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-28cm

veryfriablestony

clayloam

.<30cm.

Fracturedinsitu

rockat30cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

bouldersbutafew

surfa

cestones.

0-28cm

moderately

alkaline.

Nonsaline.

Lownitrogen.

Yaqara

199A

,199B,

199C

Flattoundulatingto

easyrolling(0

-11°).

Neverfloods.

Noneobserved.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture



ofMaytoOctober.

Welldrained.0-10cm

veryfriablesiltyclay

loam

.10-100onsiltyclay.

>125cm

.Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Nosurfa

ce

stones.

Moderately

acid.

Nonsaline.

Potassium

low.

Yasawa

7AFlattoundulating

(0-2°).Generally

smoothbutsurface

hummockswherewind

throwhasoccurred.

Neverflooded.

Duringhurricanesandhigh

tidestormeventsmay

experienceminorscouring.

Accretionofnew

sediment

atthesetim

esmore

significant.

Neverwaterlogged.Water

table>125cm

from

surface.

Watertablefluctuatesat

depthwiththetides.

Inmostyearssoilm

oisture


100daysduringthemonths

ofMaytoOctober.

Excessively

drained.

60cm

mediumsand.

Mediumsand.

60-125cm

stonymedium

sand.

>125cm

.Low

nutrientsupply

below

10-15cm.

Nosurfa

cerock

outcrops.Com

mon

coralsurfacestone.

Moderately

alkaline

0-125cm.

Nonsaline.

Salinewater

table>125cm

nearto

coastline.

Phosphorusand

potassiumvaluesvery

low.Loworganicmatter

status.

Yavuna

164B

,164C

Undulatingandeasy

rolling(4

-11°).

Generallysmooth

microrelief.

Neverfloods.



Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.9-30cm

sandyloam


<30cm.Insitu

rocknormally

encounteredby

30cm

.

Fewsurfacerock

outcrops.Fewsurface

stones.

0-9cmstrongly

acid.9-30cm

nearneutral.

30-50cm+

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.Low

phosphorus.

Yavuna

164D

,164E

Rollingandstrongly

rolling(12-20°).

Uneven(terra

cettes)

microrelief.

Neverfloods.

Contemporarydebris

sliding.S

everesheetand


Moderatedebrisslide

potential.

Neverwaterlogs.

Innormalyearssoilm

oisture


experiencedsom

etimeinthe

periodMaytoOctober.


.7-24cm

grittysandyloam


<25cm.Insitu

rockat25cm.

Surfacerockoutcrops

cover5-8%ofthearea.

Com

monsurface

stones.

0-7cmslightly

acid.7-24cm

nearneutral.

24-50cm+

slightlyacid.

Nonsaline.

Verylowpotassium

and

nitrogen.Low

phosphorus.


7. APPLICATION OF THE FERTILITY CAPABILITY SOIL CLASSIFICATION 7.1 The system

Soilclassificationsystemscommonlyemphasisesubsurfacesoilpropertiesratherthanthoseofthetopsoil,becauseoftheirpermanentnature.However,mostsoilmanagementpracticesarelargelyconcernedwiththeplowlayerortop20cm.Indescribingasoilsurface,soilpropertiesarealsosimpler,andmoreeasilyidentifiedanddifferentiated,thaninhorizonsbelowthesurface.Informationonthecharacteristicsandpropertiesofthetopsoilarealsoreadilyavailable.

TheFertilityCapabilitySoilClassification(FCSC)Systemwasdevelopedasanattempttobridgethegapbetweenthesub-disciplinesofsoilclassificationandsoilfertility.

FCSCisatechnicalsystemforgroupingsoilsaccordingtothekindsofproblemstheypresentforagronomicmanage-mentoftheirchemicalandphysicalproperties.Itemphasisesquantifiabletopsoilparameters,aswellassubsoilpa-rametersdirectlyrelevanttoplantgrowth.FCSCclassesindicatethemainfertility-relatedsoilconstraints,whichcanbeinterpretedinrelationtospecificfarmingsystems.FortheFCSC,threecategoricallevelshavebeenproposed,namely,type(textureofsurfacesoillayer),substratatype(subsoiltexture),andmodifiers.

7.2 Type

Type,thehighestcategory,isdeterminedbythetextureoftheplowlayer,orupper20cmofthesoil,whicheverisshallower.Fivetexturaltypesaredefined.Codelettersindicativeoftypearecapitalised.Theyare:

G=Gravellytopsoils : Theyaremorethan20%byvolumeofgravels,stones,rockfragments.Thisisconsideredamajorlimitingfactorforlandpreparationandcropproduction;

S=Sandytopsoils : Loamysandsandsands;

L=Loamytopsoils : Theyhave<35%clay,butarenotloamysandorsand;

C=Claytopsoils : Theyhave>35%clay;O=Organicsoils : Theyhave>30%organicmattercontenttoadepthof50cmormore.

7.3 Substrata type

Usediftexturalchangeorahardrootrestrictinglayerisencounteredwithin50cm.

S=Sandysubsoil : Textureasintype

L=Loamysubsoil : Textureasintype

C=Clayeysubsoil : TextureasintypeR=Rockorotherhardrootrestrictinglayer

7.4 Condition modifiers

Theyrefertochemicalandphysicalpropertiesoftheplowlayerortop20cm,whicheverisshallower.Themodifiersindicatespecificfertilitylimitationswithdifferentpossibleinterpretations.

Letter-codingoftheconditionmodifiersisgiveninlowercaseletters,whichhavebeenselectedtoprovideeasyassocia-tionwiththeconditionsdescribed.

Thecriterionlistedfirstisthemostimportantone.Theconditionmodifiersare:g=(gley)

Mottles≤2chromawithin60cmofsurfaceandbelowallAhorizonsorsaturatedwithwaterfor>60daysinmostyears

d=(dry)

Usticenvironment;dry>90consecutivedaysperyearwithin20–60cmdepth

e=(LowCEC)

Lowcationexchangecapacity(CEC)


a=(Altoxic)

Aluminiumtoxicity.pHvalue<5.0within50cm,exceptinorganicsoilswherepHvaluesmustbe<4.7.

h= (Acid)

pHvaluesbetween5.0and6.0,i.e.,stronglytomoderatelyacidi= (Fe-Pfixation)

Highphosphorusfixationbyiron.Huesredderthan5YRandwithagranularstructurev= (Vertisol)

Verystickyplasticclay>35%and>50%of2:1expandingclays;Severetopsoilshrinkingandswellingx= (X-rayamorphous)

PositivetofieldNaFtestindicativeofallophanedominanceinclayfractionp= (LowavailableP)

Lowavailablephosphoruswithin50cmofthesoilsurfacek= (Kdeficient)

Exchangeablepotassium<0.20%/100gm.LowKreservesb= (Basicreaction)

FreeCaCO3within50cm(effervescencewithHCL)orpHvalues>7.3c= (Catclay)

pH<3.5withjarositemottleswithhues2.Yoryellowerandchromas6ormorewithin60cmn= (Natric) >15%NasaturationofCECwithin50cm

TheassessmentofFijisoilsaccordingtoFCSCcriteriaisgivenbelowinTable4.


Table 4: Fertility capability soil classification applied to Fiji soils

Soil Series Map Symbols FCSC Unit

Ba 43B–43F Cdeapk Batiki 55A Cgh Batiwai 204B–204G Chipk Bua 40A–40E Cdeaik Bucaisau 51A Cghk Bureni 205C–205F Chip Burenitu 121B–121G Ck

Cikobia 78A–78C CdikbCuku 154D–154H CRdpkDaria 133B–133E CehkDawasamu 14A SpkDelaibo 202D–202H CRkDelaimatai 183C–183H CdaipkDelainacau 207C–207F ChipkDeuba 13A SgpkDobuilevu 122B–122H CkDogo 5A CgpnDogotuki 156B–156F ChpkDrasa 71A–71C CdipkDreketi 4A CgpcDriti 137B–137E CRapkDulevi 90A–90E CehxkEkubu 83A CRdbEmuri 118A–118C CdhvpkGaigai 136D–136H CSeapGaloa 175B–175E CipkGau 169A–169D ChpkHafhafu 100B–100D LxkKavula 186E–186H CdhpKedra 65A LCghpKeiyasi 113C–113H CdhpkKelikoso 145A–145B CdhkKirikiri 99A–99B LxpKoro 94G–94H LRhpKorokadi 42A–42B LCdeapKoromavu 112D–112H SRdpKoroniqala 157B–157E CdehipkKoronivia 44A–44C LCehpkKorotuku 206A–206C CdikKorovuli 37A CdhikKubuna 190B–190E CdeaikKurukuru 144A–144D LCdaikKuta 209A OhLabasa 1A CSghcpLagilagi 63A CdLakeba 180D–180H CdhipkLami 75E–75H CRbLato 62A SdpkLau 182B–182E CLdapLaucala 92B–92E LxLautoka 73A CdkLawai 23A–23B SLdkLedrutua 208C–208H LdhpkLekutu 194C–194F LRdhkLewa 221A–221H CeapkLobau 124C–124H ChipkLodoni 168B–168H ChipkLomaiviti 176C–176F ChiLomaje 84B–84E SxLosa 86B–86D LRxk


Lovonivia 45A–45B SdehiLutu 148C–148H LChpkMacuata 200C–200H CSdaMafua 108D–108H CSxMakomako 188B–188E CdehpkMalolo 149D–149F SdehpkManuka 215D–215E LhxkMataiwailevu 132A–132B CMatana 218D–218E ChxkMatavelo 52A CghpkMelimeli 32A OghkMolamolau 72A CdehpMomi 115B–115H CdpMonasavu 223D–223H ChpMuainase 21A LCkNabeka 101C–101E ChkNabiti 193B–193E CdaikNabuesa 226B–226H ChpkNabuono 155F–155H CdhipkNacamaki 96B–96E LSxkNacaugai 106G–106H CxpkNacokula 64A CgehpkNacula 130D–130H ChNadala 211A ChpkNadarivatu 224D–224H ChpkNadawa 151B–151E CRpNadi 36A–36D LdehkNadranu 210A OgehkNadrau 213A CNadroga 114C–114H CLdhpNadruka 56A CghkNaduru 25A ChkNaevuevu 82A–82E CRdNailoca 166D–166H ChipkNairai 179C–179H CdhipkNaitata 214E–214G CLxkNakavika 174A–174F CeapNakelo 18A LghkNalotu 111C–111E CRhpkNamaka 35A SCdehpkNamalata 184B–184E CdhiNamara 139B–139E LCehpkNamatiu 138B–138E ChpkNamosau 39A–39C CdeaikNamosi 158C–158H ChpkNamuana 134D–134G ChipNanukuloa 192B–192G CdhkNaqalotu 117F–117G CdpkNaqilai 67A CgpkNarayawa 160C–160H ShkNarewa 50A CgvpkNasau 105F–105H CdhpkNasegai 38A–38C ChpkNaselesele 20A SpkNasou 70A–70C CLdhpkNauluvatu 159D–159H ChpkNausori 31A CghkNavai 212A–212B CpNavava 177A–177H CkNavua 29A LghkNavunikodi 60A LChpkNawai 187B–187D CdkNaweni 203A–203C CkNayau 81A CRdipk


Nika 54A CdhvkNuku 6A SpkNukudamu 141A–141D LdhipkNukusa 142B–142D LSdehpkOgea 79A SdkbOno 89A–89B LhxkQalinaolo 227A–227C ChpkQaributa 17A OghkQeleni 104C–104E ChpkRana 16A SpkRauriko 152F–152H ChpkRavilevu 97G–97H ChkRaviravi 178B–178G CdaipkRawiti 58A CehikReree 91A–91B LSxkRewa 22A CkRewasa 196B–196E CdhpRoroa 109D–109H SpkRukuruku 201B–201D CdhipSabeto 116C–116F CRdSaliadrau 61A SLhkSalialailai 219G–219H LRhxkSamabula 110A–110G CRSarowaqa 135F–135H ChipkSaunaka 34A–34B ChpkSavudrodro 161C–161G ChkSawakasa 48A CpSaweni 53A CgpkSeatura 172D–172H CahpkSerea 46A SSerua 128G–128H CahipkSigatoka 27A CdkSolevu 171B–171F ChkSoqulu 217G–217H LhxkSoso 3A CgpcSote 126B–126G ChikSuva 119B–119C CpkTabaka 103C–103E ChpkTabia 189A–189D CLdaikTabuquto 165A–165D CdeaikTacilevu 8A SpkTagimaucia 220A–220B ChxkTailevu 170D–170H ChipkTalacagi 66A SCehpkTamanua 24A ChkTau 76D–76H CRdbTaveuni 93C–93E LhxkTavua 197C–197F CdTavuyaga 107G CSxpkTiri 2A CLgkcToguru 19A SghpkTokotoko 30A CghkTotoya 191B–191D CdpkTuva 181A–181F CdehipTuvuca 80A SdiUaua 147A–147B SCdaipkUcunilawe 216G–216H LhxpkUra 95D–95F CShxkVaidoko 167B–167H ChikVakawau 98E–98F CLhxkVaraciva 195E–195H CdeapkVasilaulau 131D–131H CRdhpkVatubaba 150F–150H CLehkVatukoula 198C–198H Cdhik


Vatulele 77H CRdbVatuma 49A–49B CdkVatuvonu 143B–143F SRdpVeisaru 57A CghpVerevere 146A–146C CRdpkVisa 125B–125H ChkVitawa 163F–163H CdhpVolivoli 11A–11F SdeVuna 85C–85G CSxpkVunatoto 162E–162H CLpVunavutu 12A CdVunibau 9A ShpkVunicibicibi 41A–41D LCdeakVunilagi 15A CgpVurevure 69A CghVuya 185B–185H CdhikWaibici 222C–222G ChpkWaibula 59A–59B SChkWaidina 129B–129F ChkWaidradra 47A ChkWaikalou 10A CSghpkWailotua 74D–74H CbWailulu 225A–225H ChipkWaimaro 127B–127H CkWainibuka 26A CkWainikai 68A OCghpkWainikavou 33A–33B ChpWainikoro 140C–140H CdehipkWainivesi 28A ChpkWainunu 173A–173F CehpWaioba 88G–88H LxpkWaioru 102G–102H ChpkWaiqere 87C–87E LShxpkWaisava 132A–132C CkYakita 153B–153C ChpkYako 120B–120E CRdYaqara 199A–199C CdhikYasawa 7A Sdpk

Yavuna 164B–164E SRdpk


7.5 Interpretation of modifiersWhenonlyonemodifierisincludedintheFCSCunit,thefollowingdesignatedlimitationsormanagementrequirementsapplytothesoil;however,interpretationsmaydifferwhentwoormoremodifiersarepresentsimultaneouslyorwhentexturaltypesaredifferent.

g: Denitrificationfrequentlyoccursinanaerobicsubsoil.Tillageoperationsandcertaincropsmaybeadverselyaf-fectedbyexcessrainunlessdrainageisimprovedthroughtillageorotherdrainageprocedures.

d: Moistureisalimitationduringthedryseasonunlesssoilisirrigated.PlantingdateshouldtakeintoaccounttheflushofNatonsetofrains.

e: Lowabilitytoretainnutrientsagainstleaching,mainlyK,CaandMg.ApplicationsofthesenutrientsandofNfertilisersshouldbesplit.

a: PlantssensitivetoAltoxicitywillbeaffectedunlesslimeisapplied;extractionofsoilwaterbelowdepthoflimeincorporationwillberestricted.Limerequirementsarehighunlessan‘e’modifierisalsoindicated.Thismodifierisdesirableforrapiddissolutionofphosphaterocks.

h: Lowtomediumsoilacidity;requireslimingforAl-sensitivecrops.

i: HighPfixationcapacity, requiredhigh levelsofP fertiliserorspecialPmanagementpractices. SourcesandmethodofPfertiliserapplicationshouldbeconsideredcarefully.WithCtexture,thesesoilshavegranularsoilstructure.

x: HighPfixationcapacity;amountandmostconvenientsourceofPtobedetermined.LoworganicNmineralisationrates.

v: Clayeytexturedtopsoilwithshrinkandswellproperties.Tillageisdifficultwhentoodryortoomoistbutsoilscanbehighlyproductive;P-deficiencycommon.

p: LowavailableP;Pfertiliserisrequiredforplantgrowth.

k: LowabilitytosupplyK.AvailabilityofKshouldbemonitored,andKfertilisersmayberequiredfrequently;poten-tialK-Mg-Caimbalance.

b: Calcareoussoils.Potentialdeficiencyofcertainmicronutrients,principallyFeandZn:HighlevelsofNa.Requiresspecialsoilmanagementpracticesforalkalinesoils,includinguseofgypsumamendmentsanddrainage.

c: Potentialacidsulphatesoil.Drainageisnotrecommendedwithoutspecialpractices;shouldbemanagedwithplantstoleranttohighwatertablelevel.

Byusingtheindividualguidesforeachtype,substratatype,andmodifiers,itispossibletopreparecompositeinterpre-tationguidelinesforallofthepossibleFCSCunits.Morecomprehensiveinterpretativestatementsarepossiblewheninteractionsoftwoormoresoilconditionsareconsidered.FCSCunitscanbeappliedtospecificcropsorfarmingsystems.

7.6 Interpretations of FCSC nomenclatureLCgh Goodwater-holdingcapacity(L),mediuminfiltrationcapacity(L);erosionwillexposeundesirableclay-

texturedsubsoil(C);limitationsindrainagesothattillageoperationsandsomecropsmaybeadverselyaffectedbywaterinthelowerrootzone(g).Drainageneedstobeimproved.Strongtomediumacidsoil;limingrequiredforsomecrops(h).

Gehx Gravellythroughouttheprofile(G),verysusceptibletoerosion(e),cultivationdifficult(G),lowabilitytore-tainplantnutrients,especiallyK,CaandMg(e).Applicationsofthesenutrientsshouldbesplit.Stronglyacidandrequiringlimingforsomecrops(h);allophanedominatedmineralogyseeshighP-fixingcapacityandlowrateofNmineralisationofsuchsoils(x).

7.7 Analysis of Fijian FCSC unitsFCSCunitsaregroupedaccordingtotype,substratatypeandmodifier,andaregiveninTable5.Lowabilitytosupplypotassiumandphosphorus,acidity,strongdryseasonandhighiron/phosphorusfixationareconsideredmajorprob-lems,whicharedifficulttoimproveunderfieldconditionsforsubsistencefarmers.


Table 5: Analysis of type, substrata type, and modifier for Fijian FCSC units Type Substrata Type Modifier

C=161 R= 23 k=168L= 29 C= 14 p=122S= 28 S= 12 h=122

O=5 L= 11 d=80 i=45 e=32 g=28 x=26 a=22 b= 7 v= 3 c= 3 n= 1


8. MATCHING OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES WITH CROP REQUIREMENTS; SOIL SUITABILITY ASSESSMENTS

8.1 Introduction

Theinteractionsbetweenelementsofthesoil-plant-atmospheresystemwhichformthebasistocropproductionandmanagementarecomplex.

Matchingistheprocessofcomparingtherequirementsofaparticularcropwiththediagnosticsoilattributesofapar-ticularsoilmapunit.

Theprocessinitiallyinvolvesconciselycharacterisingsoilsintermsofaselectednumberofattributesdeemedtobeimportantforcropproductionandmanagement.

Valuesofthesoilcharacteristicsforthesoilmapunits(>1200)werederivedfromthedatacompiledforthe1:50,000scalenationalsoilsurveyofFiji(SeruandLeslie1986)anddescribedintheFiji Soil Taxonomic Unit Description Hand-book(LeslieandSeru1998).ThekeysoilandclimateattributesusedinthecropsuitabilityanalysisaregiveninFigure2.

CropsimulationmodelssuchasthosedevelopedbytheInternationalBenchmarkSitesNetworkforAgrotechnologyTransfer(IBSNAT)project(IBSNAT1984,1989)wereconsideredtoosophisticatedandtheminimumdatasetsrequiredtoruntheIBSNATcropmodelsareincompleteforFiji.

Itwasdecidedtoadoptamanualapproachforcalculatingtheperformanceofcrops—asemi-quantitativedescriptionofplant/agro-ecologicalrelationshipsandtheiruseforestimatingcropperformance.Thismanualapproachproducedrobustresultsandprovidedcredibleestimatesforthecropsuitabilityfor78cropsmatchedwithsoilattributesforthesoilmapunits(>1200).


Figure 2: Key soil and climate attributes used in the crop suitability analysis

(i) temperature - meanmax.temperature - meanmin.temperature

(ii) erosion - slope - soilerodibility

(iii) moistureconditions - meanannualrainfall - rainfallseasonality - profiletextures - landform(iv) nutrientavailability - pH - mineralreserve - CEC,BS% - Phosphorous,Pretention - Exch.Aluminium

(v) potentialformechanisation - stoniness/rockiness - slope - texturetopsoil

(vi) rootingconditions - effectiverootingdepth - waterholdingcapacity - profiletexture - stoniness

(vii) oxygenavailabletoroots - soildrainageclass(wetness) - porosityandaeration

(viii) soiltoxicities - acidsulphate - calciumcarbonate

(ix) excessofsalts - salinity


8.2 Process for determining crop suitability ratings

Thefirststepintheprocesswastoselectthecrops(78)andthendeterminetheclimaticrequirementsofeachcrop,e.g.soiltemperature,whichgovernedgrowthandpotentialyield.Thisdocumentedtherange(min.tomax.)underoptimalandabsoluteconditions.Thesedependlargelyonhowwellthecropgrowthcyclefitswithintheperiodduringwhichwa-terisavailable,notingthattheactualyieldattainableisalsoinfluencedbyvariationsinrainfall,soilfactors,susceptibilitytodroughtandotheragro-ecologicalfactors.

Aswithclimatedata,theedaphicrequirementsofcropsareessentiallythosegeneratedinanydetailedsoilinventoryandcharacterisation.Thoseedaphicattributesthataffectcropsarebothinternalandexternal.Theprincipalinternalat-tributesincludesoiltemperature,propertiesaffectingwater(principallypermeability,capacitytostoreandreleasewateranddrainagecharacteristics),aeration,naturalfertility(particularlythecapacitytosupplyplantnutrients),effectiveroot-ingdepth,textureandstoniness,absenceofsalinity,extremeacidityoralkalinity,toxicsubstancesandtilth.

Theexternalattributesinclude:landformfeatures,probabilityofflooding,trafficability,andaccessibility(rockoutcrops,surfaceboulders,etc.).

Theseedaphicfactorsprovidetheminimumdatasetformatchingwitheachcrop’srequirements.Theyweretabulatedonindividualcropworksheets(notpublished)todeterminetheprimarycropneedsbeforematchingwiththeclimaticdataandthesoilattributesforthenationalsoilmapunits.(SMUs).

Afterthematchingstep,ratingsforpotentialcropgrowthweredetermined,placingthecropforeachSMUintooneoffourcategoriesofpotentialyield,i.e.high,moderate,lowandverylow.

Givingconsiderationtothelimitationsandproductioninputneedsandcosts,thefinalsoilsuitabilityclassforeachcropcanbemade.

Todeterminethesuitabilityclassofasoilmapunit,thesoilandclimaticattributes(Table6)arematchedwithrequire-mentsoftheindividualcrops.

DefinitionsforsuitabilityclassesaregiveninFigure3.

Table6providestheresultsoftheanalysisofmatchingthesoilmapunitswiththe78crops.

ThesedatahavealsobeenspatiallyexpressedthroughGIS-generatedcrop-specificmaps.Themapsareone-archivewiththeFijiMinistryofPrimaryIndustries(MPI)andaprint-on-demandserviceisavailable.

AfuturenextstepavailabletoMPIistocalculatetheactualyieldrangeforeachsoilsuitabilityclassforeachcropas-sessed.


Figure 3: Suitability classes

Class Definition

S1Highlysuitable

S2Moderatelysuitable

S3Marginallysuitable

NNotsuitable

Soilsthatareexpectedtobehighlyproductiveforthedefinedcrop.Nosignificantlimitations.

Soilsthatareexpectedtobemoderatelyproductiveforthedefinedcrop.Limitationsreducecropyieldsby15–40%and/orincreaserecurrentcostsforproductionandconservation.

Soilsthatareexpectedtohavealowproductivityforthedefinedcrop.Limitationsreducecropyieldsby40–70%and/orconsid-erablyincreaserecurrentcostsforproductionandconser-vation.

Soilswithveryseverelimitations,whichcannotbecor-rectedeconomically.


Table 6: Soil suitability classification for 78 cropsSoil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Ba43B

33

23

33

33

33

33

33

3N

32

3N

33

33

N3

33

N3

23

33

33

33

33

2N

33

33

33

33

32

33

NN

NN

23

33

33

23

3N

3N

33

N3

3N

N3

Ba43C

33

23

33

33

33

33

33

3N

33

3N

33

33

N3

33

N3

23

33

33

33

33

2N

33

33

33

33

32

33

NN

NN

33

33

33

33

3N

3N

33

N3

3N

N3

Ba43D

3N

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

N3

3N

3N

NN

N3

NN

NN

N3

N3

23

N3

3N

33

3N

2N

3N

N3

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

3N

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Ba43E

Ba43F

Batiki55A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Batiwai204B

N2

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Batiwai204C

N3

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Batiwai204D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

3N

N1

NN

NN

3N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Batiwai204E

Batiwai204F

Batiwai204G

Bua40A

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Bua

40B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

3N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Bua

40C3

33

22

2N

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

23

33

32

22

22

2N

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Bua

40D3

N3

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

21

2N

NN

N2

23

N3

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NBua

40E2

Bucaisau51A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Bureni205C

N2

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Bureni205D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

3N

N1

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Bureni205E

Bureni205F

Burenitu121B

N2

22

2N

23

1N

2N

22

2N

NN

21

22

22

2N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

23

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

22

NN

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N3

NN

NN

22

NBurenitu

121CN

22

22

N2

31

N2

N2

22

NN

N2

12

22

22

NN

NN

23

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

32

2N

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

2N

3N

NN

N2

2N

Burenitu121D

NN

2N

NN

N3

1N

NN

33

3N

NN

N1

N3

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

23

NBurenitu

121EBurenitu

121FBurenitu

121GCikobia

78A3

N2

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

31

N3

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

N2

22

N2

N2

NN

22

N3

N3

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

2Cikobia

78B3

N2

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

31

N3

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

N2

22

N2

N2

NN

22

N3

N3

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

2Cikobia

78C3

N2

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

31

N3

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

N2

22

N2

N2

NN

22

N3

N3

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

2Cuku

154DN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NCuku

154ECuku

154FCuku

154GCuku

154HDaria

133AN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NDaria

133BN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NDaria

133CN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NDaria

133DN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

32

N3

NN

1N

NN

N3

NN

NN

33

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

23

NDawasam

u14A

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

1N

NN

N2

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

N2

Delaibo202D

NN

2N

NN

2N

12

NN

N3

3N

NN

N1

NN

NN

3N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

NN

Delaibo202E

Delaibo202F

Delaibo202G

Delaibo202H

Delaimatai

183C2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

23

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

12

2N

NN

N2

2N

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Delaim

atai183D

3N

2N

N3

N3

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

NN

NN

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Delaimatai

183EDelaim

atai183F

Delaimatai

183GDelaim

atai183H

Delainacau207C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

1N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Delainacau207D

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

33

3N

NN

N2

N3

NN

3N

NN

N3

1N

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

3N

Delainacau207E

Delainacau207F

Deuba13A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Dobuilevu122B

N2

22

2N

2N

12

2N

22

2N

NN

21

22

23

12

NN

N2

1N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

3N

N2

N2

2N

Dobuilevu122C

N3

22

2N

2N

12

2N

22

3N

NN

21

22

23

12

NN

N2

1N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

3N

N2

N2

2N

Dobuilevu122D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

33

3N

NN

N1

N3

NN

3N

NN

N3

1N

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

Dobuilevu122E

Dobuilevu122F

Dobuilevu122G

Dobuilevu122H

Dogo5A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Dogotuki

156B

NN

33

3N

3N

33

3N

NN

3N

NN

3N

NN

33

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

Dogotuki

156C

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Dogotuki

156D

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Dogotuki

156E

Dogotuki

156F

Drasa

71A2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Drasa

71B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Drasa

71C2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Dreketi

4AN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NDriti

137B

NN

N2

NN

2N

22

3N

NN

2N

NN

32

N3

23

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

Driti

137C

NN

N2

NN

2N

22

3N

NN

3N

NN

32

N3

23

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

Driti

137D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

Driti

137E

Dulevi

90A

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

22

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Dulevi

90B

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

22

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Dulevi

90C

NN

2N

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

N2

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Dulevi

90D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Dulevi

90E

Ekubu

83A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Emuri

118A

NN

NN

2N

NN

32

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Emuri

118B

NN

NN

2N

NN

32

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Emuri

118C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Gai

gai

136D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

1N

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N1

1N

Gai

gai

136E

Gai

gai

136F

Gai

gai

136G

Gai

gai

136H

Gal

oa175B

N2

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

31

N2

22

1N

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Gal

oa175C

N2

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

31

N2

22

1N

NN

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Gal

oa175D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Gal

oa175E

Gau

169A

N2

22

NN

2N

12

2N

22

2N

2N

31

N2

22

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Gau

169B

N2

22

NN

2N

12

2N

22

2N

2N

31

N2

22

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Gau

169C

N2

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

22

2N

2N

31

N2

22

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Gau

169D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

1N

NN

N2

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

2N

Hafhafu

100B

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Hafhafu

100C

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Hafhafu

100D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N1

2N

Kavula

186E

Kavula

186F

Kavula

186G

Kavula

186H

Kedra

65A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Kelikoso

145A

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kelikoso

145B

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Keya

si113C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Keya

si113D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Keya

si113E

Keya

si113F

Keya

si113G

Keya

si113H

Kirikiri

99A

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Kirikiri

99B

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

2N

NN

1N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Koro

94G

Koro

94H

Korokadi

42A2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Ko

rokadi

42B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Ko

romavu

112D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Koromavu

112E

Koromavu

112F

Koromavu

112G

Koromavu

112H

Koroniqala

157B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Koroniqala

157C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Koroniqala

157D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Koroniqala

157E

Koronivia

44A

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

31

2N

22

1N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

N1

2N

Koronivia

44B

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

31

2N

22

1N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

N1

2N


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Koronivia44C

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

31

NN

22

1N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

N1

2N

Korotuku206A

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Korotuku206B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Korotuku206C

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Korovuli37A

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N3

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Kubuna190B

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

32

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kubuna190C

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

32

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kubuna190D

23

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

N3

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

2N

23

2N

N2

2N

3N

31

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Kubuna190E

Kurukuru144A

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kurukuru144B

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kurukuru144C

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Kurukuru144D

2N

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Kuta209A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Labasa1A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lagilagi63A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Lakeba180D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lakeba180E

Lakeba180F

Lakeba180G

Lakeba180H

Lami

75ELam

i75F

Lami

75GLam

i75H

Lato62A

32

32

23

23

22

23

3N

2N

N2

22

N3

22

N2

33

N3

13

23

32

33

32

33

32

23

22

N2

32

22

22

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

23

32

N2

2N

N2

Lau182B

N2

32

23

23

22

23

2N

2N

N2

22

N3

22

N2

33

N3

12

23

32

33

22

33

32

23

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Lau182C

N2

32

23

23

22

23

2N

2N

N2

22

N3

22

N2

33

N3

13

23

32

33

22

33

32

23

22

N2

N2

22

3N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Lau182D

NN

3N

N3

N3

2N

N3

NN

2N

NN

N3

N3

NN

NN

33

N3

13

N3

3N

33

NN

33

3N

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

3N

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lau182E

Laucala92B

N2

22

2N

2N

12

2N

NN

2N

2N

31

2N

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

2N

2N

NN

22

22

2N

N2

N2

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

12

Laucala92C

N2

22

2N

2N

12

2N

NN

2N

2N

31

NN

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

2N

2N

NN

22

NN

2N

N2

N2

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

12

Laucala92D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Laucala92E

Lautoka73A

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

22

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Lawai23A

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Lawai23B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Ledrutua208C

NN

N2

22

2N

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Ledrutua208D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Ledrutua208E

Ledrutua208F

Ledrutua208G

Ledrutua208H

Lekutu194C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lekutu194D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lekutu194E

Lekutu194F

Lewa221A

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

Lewa221B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

Lewa221C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

Lewa221D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lewa221E

Lewa221F

Lewa221G

Lewa221H

Lobau124C

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Lobau124D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Lobau124E

Lobau124F

Lobau124G

Lobau124H

Lodoni168B

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

21

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Lodoni168C

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

21

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Lodoni168D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

3N

N1

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Lodoni168E

Lodoni168F

Lodoni168G

Lodoni168H


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Lomaiviti

176C

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

21

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

2N

Lomaiviti

176D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

3N

N1

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Lomaiviti

176E

Lomaiviti

176F

Lomaje

84B

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

22

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Lomaje

84C

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

N2

23

1N

NN

22

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Lomaje

84D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Lomaje

84E

Losa

86B

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Losa

86C

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Losa

86D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lovonivia

45A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lovonivia

45B

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Lutu

148C

NN

22

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

21

NN

22

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Lutu

148D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N1

2N

Lutu

148E

Lutu

148F

Lutu

148G

Lutu

148H

Macuata

200C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Macuata

200D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Macuata

200E

Macuata

200F

Macuata

200G

Macuata

200H

Mafua

108D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

Mafua

108E

Mafua

108F

Mafua

108G

Mafua

108H

Makom

ako

188B

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Makom

ako

188C

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Makom

ako

188D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

NN

NN

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Makom

ako

188E

Malolo

149D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Malolo

149E

Malolo

149F

Manuka

215D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Manuka

215E

Matana

218D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Matana

218E

Matavelo

52A

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

N2

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

Mataw

ailevu

123A

N2

22

2N

2N

12

NN

N2

2N

2N

21

22

22

12

NN

N2

1N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

22

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

3N

N2

N2

2N

Mataw

ailevu

123B

N2

22

2N

2N

12

NN

N2

2N

2N

21

22

22

12

NN

N2

1N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

22

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

3N

N2

N2

2N

Melimeli

32A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Molam

olau

72A2

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

22

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

22

2N

N2

2N

22

22

22

N2

N2

2N

22

NN

2Mom

i115B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N3

13

23

32

33

22

22

32

23

22

N2

32

22

2N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Mom

i115C

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N3

13

23

32

33

22

22

32

23

22

N2

32

22

3N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Mom

i115D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Mom

i115E

Mom

i115F

Mom

i115G

Mom

i115H

Monosavu

223D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Monosavu

223E

Monosavu

223F

Monosavu

223G

Monosavu

223H

Muainase

21A

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Nabeka

101C

NN

2N

NN

2N

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

31

N2

23

1N

NN

22

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

1N

Nabeka

101D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Nabeka

101E

Nabiti

193B

N2

32

23

23

22

23

2N

2N

N2

22

N3

22

N2

33

N3

13

23

32

33

22

33

32

23

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

N2

Nabiti

193C

N2

32

23

23

22

23

2N

2N

N2

22

N3

22

N2

33

N3

13

23

32

33

22

33

32

23

22

N2

N2

22

3N

NN

22

32

22

22

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

N2

Nabiti

193D

NN

3N

N3

N3

2N

N3

NN

2N

NN

N3

N3

NN

NN

33

N3

13

N3

3N

33

NN

33

3N

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

NN

Nabiti

193E

Nabuesa

226B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

22

1N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

N1

N2

Nabuesa

226C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

22

1N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

N1

N2


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Nabuesa226D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

NN

Nabuesa226E

Nabuesa226F

Nabuesa226G

Nabuesa226H

Nabuono155F

Nabuono155G

Nabuono155H

Nacamaki

96BN

22

22

N2

N2

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

NN

N2

22

22

NN

NN

22

2N

22

NN

NN

N2

NN

11

2Nacam

aki96C

N2

22

NN

NN

22

NN

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

2N

2N

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

N2

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

N1

12

Nacamaki

96DN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

11

NNacam

aki96E

Nacaugai106G

Nacaugai106H

Nacokula64A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nacula130D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

2N

Nacula130E

Nacula130F

Nacula130G

Nacula130H

Nadala211A

NN

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

22

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N1

22

Nadarivatu224D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Nadarivatu224E

Nadarivatu224F

Nadarivatu224G

Nadarivatu224H

Nadawa151B

NN

N3

3N

3N

33

3N

NN

3N

NN

3N

NN

33

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

Nadawa151C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nadawa151D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nadawa151E

Nadi36A

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

22

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

3N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nadi36B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

22

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

3N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nadi36C

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

22

N2

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

3N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nadi36D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nadranu210A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nadrau213A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

2N

22

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

22

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

NN

N2

Nadroga114C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Nadroga114D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nadroga114E

Nadroga114F

Nadroga114G

Nadroga114H

Nadruka56A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Naduru25A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

22

N2

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

N2

N2

Naevuevu82A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

Naevuevu82B

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

Naevuevu82C

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

Naevuevu82D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Naevuevu82E

Nailoca166D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

Nailoca166E

Nailoca166F

Nailoca166G

Nailoca166H

Nairai179C

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

22

Nairai179D

22

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nairai179E

Nairai179F

Nairai179G

Nairai179H

Naitata214E

Naitata214F

Naitata214G

Nakavika174A

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

22

NN

22

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

22

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N1

22

Nakavika174B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

22

NN

22

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N1

22

Nakavika174C

N3

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

22

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N1

22

Nakavika174D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nakavika174E


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Nakavika

174F

Nakelo

18A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N2

N2

Nalotu

111C

NN

N2

2N

NN

32

2N

NN

3N

NN

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

N2

Nalotu

111D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nalotu

111E

Namaka

35A2

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

3N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

malata

184B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

22

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Namalata

184C

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Namalata

184D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Namalata

184E

Namara

139B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Namara

139C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Namara

139D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

3N

Namara

139E

Namatiu

138B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Namatiu

138C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

3N

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Namatiu

138D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

3N

Namatiu

138E

Namosau

39A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Namosau

39B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Namosau

39C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Namosi

158C

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Namosi

158D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Namosi

158E

Namosi

158F

Namosi

158G

Namosi

158H

Namuana

134D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NNa

muana

134E

Namuana

134F

Namuana

134G

Nanukuloa

192B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Nanukuloa

192C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Nanukuloa

192D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nanukuloa

192E

Nanukuloa

192F

Nanukuloa

192G

Naqalotu

117F

Naqalotu

117G

Naqilai

67A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Narayawa

160C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

22

22

23

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

Narayawa

160D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NNa

rayawa

160E

Narayawa

160F

Narayawa

160G

Narayawa

160H

Narewa

50A

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

N2

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

Nasau

105F

Nasau

105G

Nasau

105H

Nase

gai

38A2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

22

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

sega

i38B2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

sega

i38C2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

23

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

sele

sele

20A

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nasou

70A2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

sou

70B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

sou

70C2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Na

uluvatu

159D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nauluvatu

159E

Nauluvatu

159F

Nauluvatu

159G

Nauluvatu

159H

Nausori

31A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Navai

212A

NN

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

22

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N1

22

Navai

212B

NN

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

22

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

22

N1

22

Navava

177A

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Navava

177B

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Navava

177C

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Navava177D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Navava177E

Navava177F

Navava177G

Navava177H

Navua29A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Navunikodi60A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

22

N2

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

N2

N2

Nawai187B

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

32

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nawai187C

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

32

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nawai187D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

NN

NN

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Naweni203A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Naweni203B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Naweni203C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

22

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Nayau81A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nika54A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Nuku6A

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nukudamu

141A2

22

22

N2

22

22

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

22

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Nukudam

u141B

22

22

2N

22

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nukudamu

141C2

22

22

N2

22

22

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Nukudam

u141D

2N

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

N3

12

N2

2N

22

NN

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Nukusa142B

22

22

2N

22

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nukusa142C

22

22

2N

22

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Nukusa142D

2N

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

12

N2

2N

22

NN

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Ogea

79A3

N2

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

31

N3

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

2N

2N

2N

22

N2

22

N2

N2

NN

22

N3

N3

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

2Ono

89AN

N2

2N

N2

N1

NN

NN

22

N2

N3

12

22

31

NN

N2

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

11

NOno

89BN

N2

2N

N2

N1

NN

NN

22

N2

N3

12

22

31

NN

N2

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

11

NQalinaolo

227AN

NN

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

N2

22

N2

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

2N

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

2Qalinaolo

227BN

NN

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

N2

22

N2

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

2Qalinaolo

227CN

NN

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

N2

22

N2

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

NN

N2

2N

NN

2Qaributa

17AN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NQeleni

104CN

N2

2N

N2

N1

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

12

N2

22

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NQeleni

104DN

N2

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

33

N3

NN

1N

NN

N2

NN

NN

33

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

23

NQeleni

104ERana

16AN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NRauriko

152FRauriko

152GRauriko

152HRavilevu

97GRavilevu

97HRaviravi

178B2

22

22

N2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

22

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Raviravi

178C2

22

22

N2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Raviravi

178D2

N2

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

21

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NRaviravi

178ERaviravi

178FRaviravi

178GRawiti

58AN

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

22

22

N2

2N

2N

NN

N3

N2

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

22

22

22

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2Reree

91AN

N2

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

12

NReree

91BN

N2

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

12

NRewa

22AN

NN

21

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

N2

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NRewasa

196BN

NN

22

N2

N2

22

N2

NN

NN

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

N1

N2

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

NN

2N

2N

22

22

NN

N2

2N

22

22

22

N2

N2

2N

22

NN

2Rewasa

196CN

NN

22

N2

N2

22

N2

NN

NN

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

NN

N1

N2

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

2N

22

22

22

N2

N2

2N

22

NN

2Rewasa

196DN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NRewasa

196ERoroa

109DN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NRoroa

109ERoroa

109FRoroa

109GRoroa

109HRukuruku

201B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Rukuruku

201C2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Rukuruku

201D2

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

21

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NSabeto

116CN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NSabeto

116DN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NSabeto

116ESabeto

116FSaliadrau

61A2

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

2N

22

2N

23

22

22

22

22

N2

22

22

22

2N

NN

N2

22

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

22

N2

22

NN

2N

N2

2Salialailai

219GSalialailai

219H


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Samabula

110A

NN

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

Samabula

110B

NN

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

Samabula

110C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Samabula

110D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Samabula

110E

Samabula

110F

Samabula

110G

Sarowa

qa135F

Sarowa

qa135G

Sarowa

qa135H

Saunaka

34A

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

Saunaka

34B

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

NN

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

Savudrodro

161C

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

Savudrodro

161D

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

Savudrodro

161E

Savudrodro

161F

Savudrodro

161G

Sawa

kasa

48A

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

3N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Sawe

ni53A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

22

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Seatura

172D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Seatura

172E

Seatura

172F

Seatura

172G

Seatura

172H

Sere

a46A

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Serua

128G

Serua

128H

Sigatoka

27A2

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2So

levu

171B

NN

N3

3N

3N

33

3N

NN

3N

NN

3N

NN

33

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

Solevu

171C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Solevu

171D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Solevu

171E

Solevu

171F

Soqulu

217G

Soqulu

217H

Soso

3AN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NSo

te126B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

22

Sote

126C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

22

Sote

126D

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

3N

Sote

126E

Sote

126F

Sote

126G

Suva

119B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

22

Suva

119C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

22

22

2N

NN

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

22

Tabaka

103C

NN

22

NN

2N

1N

2N

N2

2N

2N

21

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

2N

Tabaka

103D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

3N

N1

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Tabaka

103E

Tabia

189A

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

22

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabia

189B

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabia

189C

33

32

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

33

33

22

22

22

N2

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabia

189D

33

3N

N3

N3

NN

N3

N3

3N

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

33

N2

12

N3

3N

33

NN

33

3N

N3

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

3N

NN

3N

NN

NN

3N

N3

NN

NN

N3

NN

Tabuquto

165A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabuquto

165B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabuquto

165C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

1N

2N

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Tabuquto

165D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tacilevu

8AN

22

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

N1

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

2Ta

gimaucia

220A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tagimaucia

220B

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tailevu

170D

3N

2N

N3

N3

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

NN

NN

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tailevu

170E

Tailevu

170F

Tailevu

170G

Tailevu

170H

Talacagi

66A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tamanua

24A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

NN

NN

22

2N

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

NN

22

N2

N2

Tau

76D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tau

76E

Tau

76F


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Tau76G

Tau76H

Taveuni93C

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

1N

NN

22

3N

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

2N

Taveuni93D

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N1

NN

Taveuni93E

Tavua197C

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Tavua197D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tavua197E

Tavua197F

Tavuyaga107G

Tavuyaga107H

Tiri2A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Toguru19A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tokotoko30A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Totoya191B

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Totoya191C

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

31

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Totoya191D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tuva181A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tuva181B

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tuva181C

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tuva181D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Tuva181E

Tuva181F

Tuvuca80A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

1N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Uaua147A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Uaua147B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Ucunilawe216G

Ucunilawe216H

Ura95D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N1

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

1N

Ura95E

Ura95F

Vaidoko167B

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Vaidoko167C

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

2N

2N

N2

22

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

2N

N2

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

Vaidoko167D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vaidoko167E

Vaidoko167F

Vaidoko167G

Vaidoko167H

Vakawau98E

Vakawau98F

Varaciva195E

Varaciva195F

Varaciva195G

Varaciva195H

Vasilaulau131D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vasilaulau131E

Vasilaulau131F

Vasilaulau131G

Vasilaulau131H

Vatubaba150F

Vatubaba150G

Vatubaba150H

Vatukoula198C

23

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Vatukoula198D

2N

2N

N2

N2

2N

N2

NN

2N

NN

N2

N2

NN

N2

22

N2

12

N2

2N

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vatukoula198E

Vatukoula198F

Vatukoula198G

Vatukoula198H

Vatulele77H

Vatuma

49A2

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

32

2N

22

NN

2Vatum

a49B

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

N2

22

N2

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

2N

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

23

22

N2

2N

N2

Vatuvona143B

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

Vatuvona143C

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

Vatuvona143D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vatuvona143E

Vatuvona143F

Veisaru57A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

21

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Verevere146A

2N

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

N2

22

22

22

N2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

22

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Verevere

146B

2N

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

2N

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Verevere

146C

3N

2N

N3

N3

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

22

N2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

NN

22

N2

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Visa

125B

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Visa

125C

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Visa

125D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N2

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

Visa

125E

Visa

125F

Visa

125G

Visa

125H

Vitawa

163F

Vitawa

163G

Vitawa

163H

Volivoli

11A2

22

22

21

21

22

22

N2

NN

22

3N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

2N

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

21

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vo

livoli

11B2

22

22

21

21

22

22

N2

NN

22

3N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

2N

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

21

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vo

livoli

11C2

22

22

21

21

22

22

N2

NN

22

3N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

2N

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

21

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vo

livoli

11D2

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

3N

2N

NN

N2

2N

21

2N

NN

NN

2N

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NVo

livoli

11E

Volivoli

11F

Vuna

85C

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vuna

85D

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vuna

85E

Vuna

85F

Vuna

85G

Vunatoto

162E

Vunatoto

162F

Vunatoto

162G

Vunatoto

162H

Vu

navutu

12A2

22

22

21

21

22

22

N2

NN

22

22

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

2N

22

N2

22

22

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

21

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vu

nibau

9AN

22

22

N1

N1

22

N2

N1

NN

N2

NN

22

2N

2N

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

N2

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

2Vu

nicibicibi

41A2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

2N

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vu

nicibicibi

41B2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vu

nicibicibi

41C2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Vu

nicibicibi

41D2

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

21

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

N2

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NVu

nilagi

15A

NN

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

NN

N2

Vurevure

69A

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vuya

185B

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Vuya

185C

2N

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

N2

22

N2

22

32

22

N2

12

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

N2

N1

22

NN

NN

22

22

22

22

2N

22

22

N2

2N

N2

Vuya

185D

NN

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

22

N2

12

NN

NN

22

3N

22

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

Vuya

185E

Vuya

185F

Vuya

185G

Vuya

185H

Waibici

222C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

22

2N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

N2

NN

22

Waibici

222D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

Waibici

222E

Waibici

222F

Waibici

222G

Waibula

59A

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

3N

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

N2

22

Waibula

59B

N2

N2

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

2N

22

NN

22

NN

NN

2N

3N

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

22

N2

22

Waidina

129B

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Waidina

129C

NN

22

NN

2N

12

2N

N2

2N

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

N2

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

N2

22

Waidina

129D

NN

2N

NN

NN

1N

NN

N3

3N

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

N3

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

N2

3N

Waidina

129E

Waidina

129F

Waidradra

47A

N2

22

NN

2N

12

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

3N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

NN

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

22

N2

N2

Waikalou

10A

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Wailotua

74D

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

Wailotua

74E

Wailotua

74F

Wailotua

74G

Wailotua

74H

Wailulu

225A

N2

22

22

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

22

1N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

2N

N1

N2

Wailulu

225B

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

2N

22

1N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

2N

N1

N2

Wailulu

225C

N2

22

2N

2N

22

2N

NN

2N

2N

22

NN

22

1N

NN

2N

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

2N

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

2N

2N

NN

2N

N1

N2

Wailulu

225D

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

2N

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N1

NN

Wailulu

225E

Wailulu

225F

Wailulu

225G


Soil Series

MapCodeAvocado

Banana

Breadfruit

B.Beans

Capsicum

Cardamom

Carrot

Cashew

Cassava

Chillies

Ch.Cabbage

Cinnamon

Cloves

Cocoa

Coconut

CoffeeA.

CoffeeR.

Cowpea

Cucumber

Dalo

Daruka

Durian

Eggplant

Eng.Cabbage

Ginger

Gourd

Grapefruit

Guava

Horseradish

Jackfruit

Jatropha

Lime

LongBeans

Lychee

Macadamia

Maize

Mandarin

Mango

ManilaHemp

MungBean

Noni(Kura)

Nutmeg

OilPalm

Okra

Onion

Orange

Papaya

Peanut

Pepper

PigeonPea

Pimento

Pineapple

Potato

Pumpkin

RiceUpland

RiceIrrig.

Rubber

Sago

Sisal

Sorghum

Soursop

SoyaBean

Spinach

Squash

Sugar

Sunflower

SweetPotato

Tea

Tomato

TungOil

Turmeric

Urd

Vanilla

WaterMelon

WingedBean

Yagona

Yam

Zucchini

Wailulu

225HWaimaro

127BN

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

2Waimaro

127CN

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

NN

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

22

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

2Waimaro

127DN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

N3

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

23

NWaimaro

127EWaimaro

127FWaimaro

127GWaimaro

127HWainibuka

26AN

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

22

N2

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

N2

N3

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

2Wainikai

68AN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NWainikavou

33AN

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

2N

22

2N

N2

2N

22

22

2N

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2Wainikavou

33BN

2N

22

N2

N2

22

NN

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

2N

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

2N

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

2N

2N

2N

22

NN

N2

2N

22

22

2N

N2

NN

2N

22

NN

2Wainikoro

140C2

32

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

NN

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

32

22

22

2N

23

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Wainikoro

140D2

32

NN

2N

22

NN

2N

N2

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

N2

2N

21

2N

22

N2

2N

N2

32

NN

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

2N

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NH

NWainikoro

140EWainikoro

140FWainikoro

140GWainikoro

140HWainivesi

28AN

22

22

N2

N2

22

NN

22

N2

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

N2

N3

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

N2

NN

N2

2N

22

2Wainunu

173AN

N2

2N

N2

N1

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

12

N2

22

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NWainunu

173BN

N2

2N

N2

N1

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

12

N2

22

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NWainunu

173CN

N2

2N

N2

N1

N2

NN

22

N2

N2

12

N2

22

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NWainunu

173DN

N2

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

33

N3

NN

1N

NN

N2

NN

NN

33

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

23

NWainunu

173EWainunu

173FWaioba

88GWaioba

88HWaioru

102GWaioru

102HWaiqere

87CN

22

NN

N2

N1

N2

NN

N2

N2

N2

1N

22

2N

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

11

NWaiqere

87DN

N2

NN

NN

N1

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

1N

2N

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

11

NWaiqere

87EWaisava

132AN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

22

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NWaisava

132BN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NWaisava

132CN

N2

2N

N2

N2

2N

NN

22

N2

NN

12

NN

N1

NN

NN

23

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NYakita

153BN

22

22

N2

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

NN

NN

23

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

NN

NN

N2

2N

22

NYakita

153CN

22

22

N2

N2

2N

N2

22

NN

N2

22

22

22

NN

NN

23

N2

NN

NN

N2

N2

NN

22

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

22

NYako

120BN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYako

120CN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYako

120DN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYako

120EYaqara

199A2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Yaqara

199B2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Yaqara

199C2

N2

22

22

22

22

22

N2

NN

22

2N

22

2N

22

2N

21

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2N

2N

12

2N

NN

N2

22

22

22

22

N2

22

2N

22

NN

2Yasawa

7AN

3N

33

N3

N2

33

NN

N1

NN

N3

NN

N3

3N

3N

NN

N1

N3

NN

3N

NN

NN

NN

33

N3

NN

NN

NN

3N

NN

N2

NN

N3

3N

33

N3

NN

NN

3N

NN

3Yavuna

164BN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYavuna

164CN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

2N

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

N2

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYavuna

164DN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N3

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

N2

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NN

NYavuna

164E


9. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING

Blakemore,L.C.;Searle,P.L.;Daly,B.K.1981:Methodsforchemicalanalysisofsoils(Revised).NZ Soil Bureau Sci-entific Report 10A.

Cline,M.G.1955:SoilSurvey:TerritoryofHawaii,Series1939,No.25,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,USA.

FAO/UNesco,1971:Soilmapoftheworld,1:500,000.VolumeIV,SouthAmerica.U.N.EducationalScientificandCulturalOrganisation,Paris.193pp.

Higgins,G.M.andKassam,A.H.1981:TheFAOagro-ecologicalapproachtodeterminationoflandpotential.Pedolo-gie, Gent 31,147-168.

IBSNAT(InternationalBenchmarkSitesNetworkforAgrotechnologyTransfer).1984:ExperimentaldesignanddatacollectionprocedureforIBSNAT:theminimumdatasetforagrotechnologytransfer.ICRISAT,Pataucheru,A.P.502324,India,212pp.

IBSNAT(InternationalBenchmarkSitesNetworkforAgrotechnologyTransfer).1989:Thedecisionsupportsystemforagrotechnologytransferversion2.1(DSSAT):usersguide.DepartmentofAgronomyandSoilScience.Col-legeofTropicalAgricultureandHumanResources,UniversityofHawaii,Honolulu,Hawaii.

Klingebiel,A.A.;Montgomery,P.H.1961:LandCapabilityClassification.U.S.D.A. Agriculture Handbook No. 210.

Latham,M.;Brookfield,H.C.1983:TheEasternIslandsofFiji,AStudyoftheNaturalEnvironment,itsuseandMan’sInfluenceonitsEvolution.General report No. 3, UNesco/UNFPA project. 184pp.

Leslie,D.M.;Seru,V.G.1998:FijiSoilTaxonomicUnitDescriptionHandbook(supplementtothenationalsoilmap).ManaakiWhenuaPress,LandcareResearchNZLimited.2volumes,928pp.

Milne,J.D.G.;Clayden,B.;Singleton,P.L.;Wilson,A.D.1995:Soildescriptionhandbook(Revised).Manaaki Whenua Press.157pp.

MinistryofAgricultureandFisheries.1977:Landusecapabilityclassificationandlandinventorysystem.LandUseSection,KoroniviaResearchStation.30pp.

Morrison,R.J.;Leslie,D.M.(Editors):ProceedingsoftheSouthPacificRegionalForumonSoilTaxonomy,Suva,Nov.1981.Institute of Natural Resources, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 445pp.

Sanchez,P.A.;Couto,W.;Buol,S.W.1982:TheFertilityCapabilitySoilClassificationSystem:Interpretation,Applicabil-ityandModification.Geoderma 27:283-309.

Seru,V.B.;Leslie,D.M.1986:SoilMapofFiji.Scale1:50,000.LandUseSection,LandResourcePlanningandDe-velopmentDivision,MinistryofPrimaryIndustries,Fiji.�

SoilSurveyStaff,1975:SoilTaxonomy.Abasicsystemofsoilclassificationformakingandinterpretingsoilsurvey.USDA. Soil Conservation Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 436.754pp.


SoilSurveyStaff,1990:KeystoSoilTaxonomy,FourthEdition.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment;USDA;SoilManagementSupportServices.SMSS Technical Monograph No. 19.422pp.

SoilSurveyStaff,2003:KeystoSoilTaxonomy.NinthEdition.USDANaturalResourcesConservationService.332pp.

Taylor,N.H.andPohlen,I.J.1970:SoilSurveyMethod.Bulletin No. 25,NZSoilBureau,DSIR,NewZealand.242pp.

Twyford,I.T.;Wright,A.C.S.1965:TheSoilResourcesoftheFijiIslands,2volumes.Government Press, Suva.570pp.

UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,1954:AManualonConservationofSoilandWater.Agriculture Handbook No. 61.

WaterandSoilDivision,MinistryofWorks,1974:LandUseCapabilitySurveyHandbook,aNZHandbookfortheClas-sificationofLand.SoilConservationandRiversControlCouncil,Wellington,NZ.


APPENDIX 1: Land Use Capability Classification (Land Use Section, MPI, 1977)

1. Basis of the classification

Landusecapabilityclassificationisasystematicarrangementofdifferentkindsoflandaccordingtothosepropertiesthatdetermineitscapacityforpermanentsustainedproduction.Theword“capability”isusedinthesenseof“suitabilityforproductiveuse”aftertakingintoaccountthephysicallimitationsthelandmayhave.

Thiscapacitydependslargelyonthephysicalqualitiesofthesoilandtheenvironment.Thesearefrequentlyfarfromideal,andthedifferencebetweentheidealandtheactualisregardedaslimitationsimposedbythesephysicalqualitiesofthesoil,andbytheenvironment.

Thelimitationsaffecttheproductivity,thenumberandcomplexityofcorrectivepracticesneeded,andtheintensityandtypeof landuse. Thedegreeof limitationscanbeassessed fromthesusceptibility toerosion,steepnessofslope,susceptibilitytoflooding,wetness,drought,salinity,depthofsoil,soiltexture,stoniness,structure,nutrientsupplyandclimate.

Asabasisforthisassessmentaninventoryismadeofthefactsabouttheland,andtheinformationisrecordedontheLand inventory maponwhicharedelineatedmanydistinctland inventory units.Theinformationcontainedonthismapiscombinedwithotherinformationongeology,climate,landuse,resultsofresearch,andfarmingandforestryexperi-encetoassessthecapacityofthelandforpermanentsustainedproduction.

2. Categories of land use classification

Thecapabilityclassificationprovidesforthreecategoriesofgroupingsoftheinventoryunits,allofwhicharedecidedobjectivelybutwhicharebasedonthephysicalqualitiesofasoilanditsparticularsiteasanentitywithoutreferencetosurroundingland.Thethreecategoriesare: majorclass;subclass;andcapabilityunit.

2.1 Land use capability

Thefirstgroupingisintoeightmajorclasses.ClassesI–IVcompriselandsuitableforarablecultivation;landinclasses V–VIIisnotsuitableforarablecultivationbutissuitableforpastoralorforestryuse;andclassVIIIislandsuitableonlyforprotectivepurposes.

Thefourarableandfournon-arableclassesarearrangedinorderofincreasingdegreeoflimitationorhazard,fromclassItoclassVIII.Correspondingly,therangeofusestowhichthelandmaybeput(i.e.itsversatility)decreasesfromclassItoclassVIII.

Thecapabilityclassgivesinformationaboutthegenerallimitationsofthelandonly,i.e.totaldegreeoflimitation.Itdoesnotgive,forinstance,productivityratingsforspecificcrops,butshowsthelocation,amountandgeneralsuitabilityofthelandforagricultural,pastoralorforestryuse.

Eachmajorclassmayincludemanydifferentkindsoflandunitsorsoils,andmanyoftheunitswithinaclassmayrequiredifferentmanagementtreatments.Thusitisdifficulttomakevalidgeneralisationsattheclasslevelaboutsuitablekindsofcropsorothermanagementneeds.

2.2 Description of land use capability subclass

Thesecondcategory,thecapability subclass,aresubdivisionsoflandusecapabilityclassesthatshowthekindofphysicallimitationsorhazards,andtherearefour,inthefollowingorderofprecedence:(e)erodibility;(w)wetness;


(s)soillimitationsintherootingzone;and(c)climate.

Thesearethesubclassesandtheymaybeusedintwoways—eitherasbroaddivisionsofthelandusecapabilityclassesatamoregenerallevelofclassificationforlanduse,orasgroupingsoftheunitsfordetailedclassifications.

Thefourbroadkindsoflimitationswhicharerecognisedinthesubclassesare:

Erodibility,whereerosionsusceptibility,pasterosiondamage,orsteepnessofslopearethemajorfactorssubclass e.ThissubclassispresentinallLUCclassesexceptclassI,whichcomprisesflatlandwithsoilsofgoodstructuralstabilityandfertility.

Wetness,where the landunitshavesoilswithpoordrainageorahighwater table,orwhere there is frequentfloodingfromriversorcoastalwaters,orareasofdeeppeat,ormangroveswamps— subclass w.ThesubclassappliesinallmajorclassesexceptclassV.ThesubclasswillberareinVIIandVIII,commoninclassesI,II,III,IVandVIandveryfrequentinclassV.

Soil limitationswherelimitationswithintherootingzoneexistssuchasshallowness,stoniness,rockoutcrops,lowfertilitywhichisdifficulttocorrect,salinity,toxicity,lowmoisture-holdingcapacity,orunfavourablesoiltextureandstructurephysicalproperties—subclass s.ThissubclassistheonlyonethatoccursinalltheLUCclasses.

Climatic limitations,wheretheclimateistheonlymajorhazardorlimitationintheuseofthelandsubclass c.Thesubclassisusedonlywhereclimateistheonlylimitationtotheuseoftheland,orwhereaclimaticfactor(e.g.excessiverainordrought,orextremetemperature)isthedominantlimitationtolanduse.ThissubclassispresentonlyinLUCclassesI–VI.

2.3 Explanatory notes

Certainconventionsareobservedindeterminingthecorrectsubclassforanyparticularlandunitandonlyinrarecasesismorethanonesubclassused.Thedominantkindoflimitationdetermineswhichofthefoursubclassesshouldbeused.Wheretwokindsoflimitationsareessentiallyequal,thesubclassesaregiventhefollowingprior-ity:e,w,s,c.Thatis,eisgivenprecedenceoverw,sandc,andwisgivenprecedenceoversandc,etc.

2.4 Description of land use capability units

Atthemostdetailedorlowestlevelofclassification,thecapabilityunitisusedasagroupingofthoselandinventoryunitsthatrespondsimilarlytothesamemanagement,areadaptedtothesamekindsofcrops,pastureorforestspecies,haveaboutthesamepotentialyield,andrequiretheapplicationofthesameconservationmeasures.

Thusthecapabilityunitcompriseslandwithinasubclass,withsimilarsoilcharacteristics,slope,erodibility,poten-tialproductivity,andmanagementrequirements.

Thecapabilityunitgroupstogethersimilarlandinventoryunitsandhelpstosimplifywhatmaybeaverycomplexinventorypattern.Whenshowntogetherwiththemajorclassandsubclass,thecapabilityunitprovidesthead-ditionalinformationaboutmanagementpracticesnecessaryforthebestuseoftheland.

ThesymbolusedforthecapabilityunitisasmallArabicnumeralplacedafterthesubclasssymbol,e.g.IIIe1;IIIe2.

AtthisstageitisnotpossibletosayhowmanycapabilityunitstherewillbeineachsubclassoftheeightLUCclasses.Thisisbecauseitiscurrentlyimpracticabletostandardisedefinitionsofunitsonanationallevel.How-ever,theultimateobjectiveistoworktowardsstandardisationofthecapabilityunit,firstonacatchmentbasis,thenonanationalbasis.


3. The classification

(a) Capability division:TheeightLUCclassescanbedividedintofourcapabilitydivisionsasshownbelow.

Capability division Major class1. Arable:

2. Non-Arable:

(a) Suitableforploughingandintensivecropping

(b) Unsuitable for ploughingbut suitable for less inten-sivecroppingundertraditionalcultivationmethods

(a) Unsuitableforarablecroppingbutsuitableforpasto-ralorforestryuse

(b) Unsuitableforproductivevegetation;suitableonlyforprotectivepurposes

I–III

IV

V–VII

VIII

(b) Description of individual LUC classes:

LUC class I:Representsgoodmultipleuseofland.Flat(0–3°)withdeep,easilyworked,fertilesoils;noriskoferosion,welldrainedbutnotseriouslyaffectedbydrought,andtheclimateisfavourableforthegrowthofawiderangeofcrops,aswellasforpastureandforestry.

ClassIlandisconfinedalmostentirelytowelldrained,recentalluvialareasabovefrequentfloodlevels.

SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassIare:

Iw –1.Veryslightinitialwetness(soilconditionorhighwatertable)2. Veryslightriskofdamagingoverflowsfromriversandstreams(veryoccasionalflooding)

Is –1. Veryslightstoniness(presenceofrivergravels) 2. Veryslightsalinity(easilyremovablebypermanentwork)

Ic –1. Whereclimatelimitationsdominate(rainfall,altitude,andtemperature)

SubclasscshouldbethebestofallsubclassesinmajorclassI.

LUC class II: Arablelandwithonlyslight limitations,whichmakeitmoredifficulttomanagethanclassI.Managementandconservationpracticestoovercomethoselimitationsareeasytoapply.

Thelandmaybeflattogentlyundulating(0°–7°),welldrainedtomoderatelydrained,deeptoslightlyshallow,andfertiletomoderatelyfertile.

ClassIIlandisconfinedmainlytoalluvialareaswhichareeitherslightlypoorlydrainedorsubjecttoregularflooding.Thelandcanbeusedforarablecultivation,pastureorforestry.SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassIIare:

IIe –1.Slopes(4°–7°)2. Slightsusceptibilitytoerosion

IIw –1. Slighttomoderatewetnessafterdrainage 2. Slighttomoderateriskofdamagingflooding

IIs –1. Slightstoniness(finegravels) 2. Slightinfertility,easytocorrect


3. Unfavourabletextureandstructure—difficulttocultivatetoatilth4. Slightsalinity5. Slightshallowness(soilsofmoderatedepth)

IIc –1. ClassIlandwithrainfall>4000mm—toomuchrain;andindryzone—toolittlerainingrowingseason

2. ClassIlandonmediumandhighaltitudeareas(>600mabovesealevel)—cloudiness,lesssun-shine

3. ClassIlandinareasoflowwintertemperature(<20°C)

LUC class III:Arablelandwithmoderatelimitationsthatrestrictthechoiceofcropsgrown,ormakespecialconservationpracticesnecessary,orlimitlanduseinbothoftheseways.

Thelandmaybeflatorgentlysloping(0°–11°),slightlyunstable,ofmoderatetoseverewetness,subjecttofrequentdamagingflooding,ofshallow,moderatelystony,and/orinfertilesoils.

ClassIIIlandoccursmainlyinareasofgleysoils,lowerriverterraces,sandycoastalflats,inceptisolsofmod-erateslopes,andinareasofbetteralfisolsandultisols.

Thelandmaybeusedforarablecultivation,pastureorforestry.SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassIIIare:

IIIe –1. Moderateslopes(8°–11°)2. Moderatesusceptibilitytoerosion3. Severeeffectsofpasterosion

IIIw–1. Moderatetoseverewetness 2. Frequentdamagingflooding

IIIs –1. Moderatelystony(gravelsandstones—canbecollectedtoenableploughing)2. Lowfertilitynoteasytocorrect3. Lowmoisture-holdingcapacity4. Moderatesalinity5. Shallowsoils6. Areasofshallowpeat—easytodevelopforcropping

IIIc –1. ClassesIandIIlandwithrainfall1500–2000mm—toolittlerain2. ClassesI&IIlandinhighaltitudeareas(>600mabovesealevel)3. ClassIIlandinareasoflowwintertemperatures

LUC class IV:Marginalarablelandwithseverelimitationsthatrestrictthechoiceofcropsgrown,orneces-sitateintensiveconservationtreatmentandverycarefulmanagement,orthatmayaffectlanduseinbothoftheseways.

ClassIVlandmaybeflattorolling(0°–15°)andmaycompriseoneormoreofthefollowing:poortoverypoorlydrained;stonyorbouldery,orboth;veryshallowsoils;infertilesoils;coarsetexturedsoilsverylowinmoisture-holdingcapacity;ormangroveorpeatswampsthatarenottoodifficulttoreclaimforcropping.

CommonsoiltypesofclassIVlandare:stronglygleyedsoils,somealfisols,someultisols;orcolluviumde-rivedfromoxisols.

Becauseoftheselimitations,andinthecaseofrollingland,thedifficultyofinstallingandmaintainingconser-vationwork,thislandclassisusedmainlyforpasture,coconutplantations,orsubsistencecultivationundertraditionalcultivationmethods.


Theupperslopelimitforthislandclassis12°–15°C;thisistoosteepforploughingeitherbymachineryorbydraughtanimals.Accordingly,croppingintheesubclasswillberestrictedtosubsistencecultivationusingtraditionalmethods,includingshifting.

SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassIVare:

IVe –1. Rollingslopes(12°–15°)2. Highsusceptibilitytoerosion.Veryunstableunderarablecropping.3. Verysevereeffectsofpasterosion

IVw–1. Veryseverewetness(verypoorlydrainedareas—mineralsoils) 2. Highriskofdamagingflooding(veryfrequentflooding)

IVs– 1. Severestoniness—cannotbeploughedbutsuitablefortraditionalcultivationmethods1. Infertilesoils(e.g.alfisolsandultisols)difficulttocorrectwiththeuseoffertilisers2. Coarsetexturedsoilsverylowinmoisture-holdingcapacity,liabletoseveredrought3. Highsalinity—areasofmangroveswampsnottoodifficulttoreclaimforcropping4. Veryshallowsoils5. Areasofmoderatelyshallowpeatthatcanbedevelopedforcropping

IVc –1. ClassesI,IIandIIIinhighrainfallzones2. SomeclassIIIlandinhigheraltitudezones3. ClassIIIlandinareasoflowwintertemperatures

LUC class V:Thislandclassisunsuitableforarablecroppingbutsuitableforpastoralorforestryuse.

Steepness(slopes16°–20°)orstoninessarethemainlimitationsthatrenderitnon-arableandrestrictittopastoraluseorproductiveforestry.

Theerosionriskonslopesunderpastoralorforestryuseisonlyveryslight,butonsuchaslopethishazardwouldbetoogreatifputunderarablecultivation.Wheretheslopeislessthan15°thelandmaybetoostonyorboulderyfortheuseofmachineryinarablecultivation.

ThusClassV,ineffect,nowbecomesthebestnon-arableclass,confirmingtotheprogressionfromItoVIII.

SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassVare:

Ve –1. Stronglyrollingslopes(16°–20°) 2. Slightsusceptibilitytoerosion

Vs –1. Stoniness—unsuitableforcropping

Vc–1. SomeclassIVlandinlowtomoderaterainfallzones2. ClassIVandinareasoflowwintertemperature3. ClassIIIandIVlandinhigheraltitudegroups

LUC class VI:Marginalpastorallandwithmoderatetoseverelimitations.Itcompriseslandthatisrathertoosteepforpastoraluse(slopes21°to25°C);orthathasevidenceofsevereeffectsofpasterosion;orthatishighlysusceptibletoerosion.ClassVImayalsocompriseoneormoreofthefollowinglandtypes:lowerriverterracessubjecttoveryfrequentflooding;peatandmangroveswampsthatwouldbetoodifficulttodevelopforcropping;areasthatareverystonytoverybouldery,orshallowtoveryshallowsoils;soilsthatareverylowtoextremelylowinmoisture-holdingcapacity,orlowtoverylowinfertility,orverysalinetoextremelysaline.

Productionorcommercial forestrymaybe thebest formof landusewhereerosionor low fertilityare thedominantlimitations.Onallotherlandtypesinthisclasspastureshouldbesuitablebutitsmanagementwillrequirespecialattention.


SubclassesthatmayoccurinLUCclassVIare:

VIe –1. Steepslopes(21°–-25°)2. Severeeffectsofpasterosion(class3)3. Moderatetoseveresusceptibilitytoerosion(class4)

VIw–1. Veryfrequentdamagingflooding2. Peatland3. Mangroveswamp.Thiscanalsobeasoillimitation.

VIs – 1. Veryshallowsoils2. Verystonytoverybouldery3. Infertiletoveryinfertilesoils4. Verylowtoextremelylowinmoisture-holdingcapacity5. Verysalinetoextremelysalinesoils.Thiscanalsobeawetnesslimitation.

VIc 1. ClassesIVandVlandinhighrainfallzonesandclassIVlandinlowtomoderaterainfallzones.Thismaynotexist.

2. ClassIVlandinveryhighaltitudegroup

LUC class VII: LandinclassVIIisgenerallyunsuitableforpastoraluse,butitssuitabilityforforestrymaybefairtomarginal.

Theclasscompriseslandthatiseitherverysteep(26°–35°);orthatisveryhighlysusceptibletoerosion,orshowingveryseveredamagefrompastorpresenterosion;orlandthatisveryshallow,verybouldery,orverylowinfertility.

Inareaswherethemajor(dominant)hazardiserosionorlowfertility,commercialforestrymaybethebestformoflanduse.Wheresteepness,shallownessorstoninessarethedominanthazards,protectionforestrymaybepractised,orotherwisethelandisbestleftuntouchedinitsnaturalstate.

SubclassesthatmayoccurinthisLUCclassare:

VIIe –1. Verysteepslopes2. Severedamagefrompresenterosion3. Highsusceptibilitytoerosion

VIIs – 1. Extremeshallowness2. Verystonyandbouldery

3. Veryinfertiletoextremelyinfertile

MajorclassVIIhasnosubclassesoneitherwetnessorclimaticlimitations.

LUC class VIII:LandinLUCclassVIIIisgenerallyunsuitableforproductiveuseinbothagricultureandfor-estry.Thisispredominantlyverysteepmountainland,mostlyaboveanaltitudeof2500feet.

Thisalsoincludeslowlandareasinunfavourablesituations,suchasextremeerosionorsusceptibilitytoero-sion(e.g.areashighlysusceptibletoslumpingorearthflow),orextremestoniness,shallowness,orinfertility;andalsoextremelysteepslopesinhightoveryhighrainfallareas(slopeGinAandBrainfallzones).AlsoincludedinmajorclassVIIIarepeatandmangroveswampswhosedevelopmentisnotlikelytobeeconomi-callyfeasible.

ClassVIIIlandisthereforebestprotectedand/orreservedforwatershedandwildlifeprotectionpurposes,orleftinitsnaturalstateuntouched.


Subclassesthatmayoccurinthismajorclassare:

VIIIe –1. Extremesteepness2. Extremedamagefromerosion,orinstability

VIIIw –1. Peatswampnotfeasibletodevelop 2. Mangroveswampnotfeasibletodevelop

VIIIs –1. Extremeshallowness2. Extremestoniness3. Extremeinfertility

A Reference Manual for Utilising and of Fiji

Documents

Transcript of A Reference Manual for Utilising and of Fiji