A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more...

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Transcript of A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more...

Page 1: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 2: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 3: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

A pure substance:

is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms).

A mixture:

Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Page 4: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Example: Oxygen gas is a pure substance because it is made up of one sort of molecule.

Example: Carbon dioxide gas is a pure substance because it is made up of one sort of molecule.

Page 5: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Air is a mixture of the pure substances like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, etc.

So there are many sorts of molecules in air: the O2 molecules, N2 molecules, CO2 molecules, H2O molecules, etc.

Nitrogen

oxygen

hydrogen

water

carbon dioxide

Page 6: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Just mixing elements together will not usually give a compound.

For example,

Hydrogen is mixed with oxygen

A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen

Page 7: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Hydrogen is mixed with oxygen

water

No water is formed for the simple mixing of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

In water, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are joined together in every water molecule.

Page 8: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.

Compound water: it contains individual water molecules.

Each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a liquid.

This mixture is a gas.

Page 9: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

In the mixture, both hydrogen and oxygen still own their properties.

e.g. the mixture is a gas, like hydrogen and oxygen.

The properties of the compound (water) are entirely different from those of hydrogen and oxygen.

E.g. water is a liquid while both hydrogen and oxygen are gases.

Page 10: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

1. Two or more elements (e.g.a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.)

2. Two or more compounds (e.g. a mixture of salt and sugar)

3. A combination of one or more elements and compounds (e.g. a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Page 11: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 12: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

When a substance is dissolved in a liquid, the mixture is called a solution.

1. The substance is called the solute.

2. The liquid is called the solvent.

A solid + a liquid solution

solvent solute

Page 13: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).

Example:

Sugar is soluble in water. Add a spoon of sugar into a beaker of water and stir. The final mixture is a solution. Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.

su g a r

w a te r

S tir an d d isso lv eth e su g a r

su g a r so lu tio n

Page 14: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 15: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 16: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 17: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 18: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 19: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).
Page 20: A pure substance: is made up of one sort of molecules (or atoms). A mixture: Is made up from more than one sort of molecules (atoms).