A PRESERVING AIRPORT PAVEMENTS Highlights from 2010 ACRP Synthesis FAA Eastern Region 2011 Airports...

PRESERVING AIRPORT PRESERVING AIRPORT PAVEMENTSPAVEMENTS

Highlights from 2010 ACRP Synthesis

FAA Eastern Region

2011 Airports Conference

Paul W. Wilke, P.E. Principal Engineer

Expanding the Realm of Possibility

Why the Interest in Pavement Why the Interest in Pavement Preservation?Preservation?

Airport Pavements- a Huge Investment

Important to Preserve Investment

Effective Pavement Preservation Program:

Right Pavement

Right Treatment

Right Time


Pavement Condition Vs TimePavement Condition Vs Time

Time (Years)

Pavement

Condition

Good

Poor

$1 here ...

or $4-10 here?


TraditionalTraditional ApproachApproach

Allows deterioration to fair to poor conditions

Major rehabilitation or reconstruction required

Clearly reactive, time consuming and costly


Proactive ApproachProactive Approach

Applies low-cost preventive treatments

5 to 7 year life

Timing is critical

Good Condition

No structural damage


ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03

Synthesis = state-of-the-art practice

Project 11-03- Common Airport Pavement

Maintenance Practices:

Overview of current maintenance practices

Use of PMS to schedule and budget M & R

Catalog of preservation treatments


ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03

Includes survey of 50 airports Use of APMS Procedures to select M&R treatments Usage & effectiveness of various treatments


Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

Review main components of APMS

Describe APMS role in pavement preservation

Review survey results

Introduce Synthesis catalog of pavement

treatments


Main Components of Airport Main Components of Airport Pavement ManagementPavement Management


The Survey Says…..The Survey Says….. 2004 Survey- of State Aviation Agencies:

84% agencies using APMS Noted increase in condition over time

2009 Survey- 50 Individual Airports 60% operate APMS 23% developing an APMS 17% do not have APMS


Age Distribution of APMS’sAge Distribution of APMS’s

0

20

40

60

< 2 years 3-5 years 5-10 years 10 + years

Age of Pavement Management System

Perc

en

t o

f re

spo

nd

en

ts..

.


Satisfaction Level with APMSSatisfaction Level with APMS

0

10

20

30

40

Excellent andessential

Benefitsoutweigh costs

System isaccepted and

used

Functional butneeds

improvement

Per

cent

of

resp

onde

nts...


Step 1- Design of APMSStep 1- Design of APMS Management Considerations:

Decide who will operate Budget for operation Integration into decision making Support by upper management


Step 1- Design of APMSStep 1- Design of APMS

Technical Aspects: Select APMS software Establish database Select methodologies:

Pavement condition evaluationForecasting future conditionsM&R selection & prioritization


Step 2- Pavement Inventory Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation& Evaluation Inventory= basic building block of APMS Sectioning of network

Homogeneous units Similar pavement structure & condition Basic unit for decision making (repair unit)


Sectioning at Small GA Sectioning at Small GA AirportAirport


Sectioning at Large Sectioning at Large Commercial AirportCommercial Airport


Step 2- Pavement Inventory Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation& Evaluation Inventory information for each section:

Pavement structure M&R history Pavement condition Traffic data


Step 2- Pavement Inventory Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation& Evaluation Pavement Condition Data

Surface Distress (PCI Method) Roughness Friction


Excellent100

85705540

PCI Rating

Failed

Very Good

Good

Fair

Poor

Very Poor25

010

DistressType

PCI

DistressQuantity

DistressSeverity

9

7

4

1

Sample Units

PCI Method


Survey- Pavement Survey- Pavement Characteristics EvaluatedCharacteristics Evaluated

RUNWAYS TAXIWAYS AND OTHER FACILITIES

PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTIC USAGE %AVERAGE

FREQUENCY (YEARS)

USAGE %AVERAGE

FREQUENCY (YEARS)

PCI 78 3.4 54 3.3

ROUGHNESS 12 N/A 4 N/A

FRICTION 22 N/A 8 N/A

FWD TESTING 18 3.7 12 N/A

NOTES:

FWD: FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER

N/A: DATA NOT AVAILABLE OR INSUFFICIENT


Step 2- Pavement Inventory Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation& Evaluation Condition Evaluations:

Assess overall network condition Trends in condition Documentation of PMS benefits Documentation of funding needs Technical analysis of pavement performance


Graphical Displays Help Graphical Displays Help Convey ResultsConvey Results

RW1533 (34)

THEAST1 (29)

RW1836 (100)

THSOUTH (100)RW1533 (34)

TWA (100)

TWB (100)

TWA (100)

TW927 (36)A01 (34)

A02 (70)

THW (21)

THEAST2 (29)Pavement Condition Index

100 - 8685 - 7170 - 5655 - 41

40 - 2625 - 1110 - 0

RW1533 (34)

THEAST1 (29)

RW1836 (100)

THSOUTH (100)RW1533 (34)

TWA (100)

TWB (100)

TWA (100)

TW927 (36)A01 (34)

A02 (70)

THW (21)

THEAST2 (29)RW1533 (34)

THEAST1 (29)

RW1836 (100)

THSOUTH (100)RW1533 (34)

TWA (100)

TWB (100)

TWA (100)

TW927 (36)A01 (34)

A02 (70)

THW (21)

THEAST2 (29)Pavement Condition Index

100 - 8685 - 7170 - 5655 - 41

40 - 2625 - 1110 - 0

Pavement Condition Index

100 - 8685 - 7170 - 5655 - 41

40 - 2625 - 1110 - 0

100 - 8685 - 7170 - 5655 - 41

40 - 2625 - 1110 - 0

Current PCI By Section


0

20

40

60

80

100

19

99

20

02

20

05

20

08

Survey year

Av

era

ge P

CI

Runways

All other facilities

Example of a graphical display of PCI

PCI Trends By Facility

Graphical Displays Help Graphical Displays Help Convey ResultsConvey Results


Evaluation for Preventive Evaluation for Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance PM should be applied when most cost-effective Condition surveys ideally done annually Survey- avg frequency of PCI survey = 3 yrs

Ideal time for crack filling Past ideal time


Performance PredictionPerformance Prediction

Typical planning period = 5 yrs Need to predict future conditions Several methods (many based on “family modeling”)

Now +5

Predicted performance

0

100

Minimum acceptable service level

Now Now + 2

Pavement age, years

Past performance

Remaining Service Life

A B

Pave

men

t Con

diti

on I

ndex

(PC

I)

Now +5

Predicted performance

0

100


Now Now + 2

Pavement age, years

Past performance

Remaining Service Life

AA BB

Pave

men

t Con

diti

on I

ndex

(PC

I)


Family ModelingFamily Modeling


Step 3- Technology of Step 3- Technology of Pavement TreatmentsPavement Treatments Selecting appropriate treatments is important part of

pavement management Synthesis contains Catalog:

24 AC treatments 24 PCC treatments


Sample- Catalog of Sample- Catalog of TreatmentsTreatments

Operational GraphicOperational Graphic

Purpose & Selection CriteriaPurpose & Selection Criteria

Service Life & CostService Life & Cost

Materials & ConstructionMaterials & Construction

Airport useAirport use

Resources (publications)Resources (publications)


Survey- Use of AC Survey- Use of AC TreatmentsTreatments

TREATMENT TYPE

SURVEY RESULT %USAGE PERFORMANCE

ROUTINE HAVE TRIED TOTAL VERY

GOOD GOOD POOR

CRACK SEALING WITH

HOT POURED SEALANT 84 11 95 19 71 10

COLD APPLIED SEALANT 9 7 16 17 66 17

SMALL AREA (POTHOLE)

PATCHING USING

HOT MIX 52 16 68 42 58 0COLD MIX 43 18 61 13 50 37

PROPRIETARY MIX 9 11 20 25 50 25

SPRAY PATCHING(INCLUDES MANUAL CHIP SEAL) 5 7 11 0 100 0

MACHINE PATCHING WITH AC 27 14 41 39 55 6

MILLING AND MACHINE PATCHING WITH AC 34 18 52 39 61 0

TEXTURIZING USINGFINE MILLING 7 5 11 20 80 0

CONTROLLED SHOT BLASTING 0 16 16 0 71 29


Survey- Use of AC Treatments Survey- Use of AC Treatments (cont’d)(cont’d)

TREATMENT TYPE

SURVEY RESULT %USAGE PERFORMANCE

ROUTINE HAVE TRIED TOTAL VERY

GOOD GOOD POOR

REJUVENATORS, FOG SEALS, ETC 30 23 52 23 59 18

SURFACE TREATMENT 15 18 43 6 81 13

SLURRY SEAL 23 25 48 10 75 15

MICRO- SURFACING 2 9 11 25 75 0

HOT MIX OVERLAY 45 23 68 48 48 4

MILLING AND HOT MIX OVERLAY 45 18 64 58 42 0

HOT IN PLACE RECYCLING 5 2 7 N/A N/A N/A

COLD IN PLACE RECYCLING 2 0 2 N/A N/A N/A

WHITE TOPPING 7 7 14 60 20 20


Step 4- Identification of NeedsStep 4- Identification of Needs

Based on condition surveys, performance predictions, & criteria built into APMS

Criteria based on 3 concepts: Maintenance policies Level of service Trigger values


StepStep 4- Identification of Needs4- Identification of Needs

MicroPaver identifies 2 levels of needs: Localized maintenance & repair

Year 1-specific treatments based on distresses Future years- $ based on PCI ranges

Generalized major M&R unit $ based on PCI level


Step 4- Identification of NeedsStep 4- Identification of Needs

Example Maintenance PlanExample Maintenance Plan

BRANCH NAME SECTION NO:

PAVEMENT SURFACE DISTRESSMAINTENANCE TREATMENT COST

TYPE SEVERITY QUANTITY UNIT

A01 20 CORNER BREAK HIGH 11 Slab

FULL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC

$9,500

LINEAR CRACKING MEDIUM 150 Feet CRACK SEALING $400

JOINT SEAL DAMAGE HIGH 460 Slab JOINT SEALING $34,000

SHATTERED SLAB HIGH 4 Slab

FULL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC

$4,700

CORNER SPALLING HIGH 12 Slab

PARTIAL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC

$800

TOTAL $49,400


Step 4-Identification of Step 4-Identification of NeedsNeeds Example multi-year M&R plan

Plan Year Branch Name Section Number Section Area(sft) Maintenance($) Major M&R ($) Cost($)

2,011 A01 10 48,000 0 238,000 238,000

20 46,000 49,400 0 49,400

2,012 TWEAST 10 17,800 0 97,100 97,100

2,013 RW1533 10 205,600 0 945,900 945,900

2,014 APWEST 10 41,000 0 120,000 120,000

2,015 TERMB 10 150,000 245,000 0 245,000

5 YEAR PLAN TOTAL= 294,400 1,401,000 1,695,400


Level of Service TargetsLevel of Service Targets

Pavement Age

Pav

emen

t C

ond

itio

n

Minimum safety-related level of service for individual sectionsin terms of individual defects

Minimum acceptable level of service for individual sections

Trigger value for crack sealing

Target level of service for average network condition

Trigger value for an overlay (mill and fill)

Pavement Age

Pav

emen

t C

ond

itio

n

Minimum safety-related level of service for individual sectionsin terms of individual defects

Minimum acceptable level of service for individual sections

Trigger value for crack sealing

Target level of service for average network condition

Trigger value for an overlay (mill and fill)


Step 4- Costs for Unlimited Step 4- Costs for Unlimited Budget ScenarioBudget Scenario Unit costs are applied to all identified needs No regard to available budget An objective statement of needs


Short vs. Long-Term PlanningShort vs. Long-Term Planning Discuss in terms of short-term & long-term planning Short Term Planning:

Done without considering alternatives Establishes priorities based on

Levels of service thresholdsSafetyCost effectiveness


Long-TermLong-Term PlanningPlanning

Long Term Planning-Evaluation of alternative scenarios/management strategies

Examples: Network condition in 10 years (existing budget) Funding level required to achieve specific condition Impact of diverting $ to preventive maintenance


Network Condition ScenariosNetwork Condition Scenarios


Long-Term Planning Long-Term Planning Performance Prediction for Alternative Performance Prediction for Alternative

TreatmentsTreatments


Overlay

0

100

Now Now + 3Pavement age, years

Now + 9

Micro-surfacing

2

1

Pave

men

t Con

diti

on I

ndex


Overlay

0

100

Now Now + 3Pavement age, years

Now + 9

Micro-surfacing

2

11

Pave

men

t Con

diti

on I

ndex


Step 5- Prioritization, Step 5- Prioritization, Planning & BudgetingPlanning & Budgeting Short Term:

Simplified analysis- no future M&R alternatives Establish priorities based on:

SafetyCost-effectivenessCritical condition level


Step 5- Prioritization, Step 5- Prioritization, Planning & BudgetingPlanning & Budgeting Long-Term:

Multi-year prioritization of alternative treatments Typically based on cost effectiveness


Cost-Cost- Effectiveness DefinedEffectiveness Defined

Age, years

Pavement graph for micro-surfacing

0

60

100

0 3 6 129 15 18

Area = ½ [(35 times 9) – (10 times 3)]

Age, years

Pavement graph for overlay

0

60

100

0 3 6 129 15 18Pavem

ent

Condit

ion I

nd

ex

(P

CI)

Area = ½ [40 (PCI units) times 12 (years)]

Area10

25

40

Area

Minimum recommended PCI

Minimum recommended PCI

Area under the performance curve

Pavem

ent

Condit

ion I

nd

ex

(P

CI)

Now

Now


Age, years

Pavement graph for micro-surfacing

0

60

100

0 3 6 129 15 18

Area = ½ [(35 times 9) – (10 times 3)]

Age, years

Pavement graph for overlay

0

60

100

0 3 6 129 15 18Pavem

ent

Condit

ion I

nd

ex

(P

CI)

Area = ½ [40 (PCI units) times 12 (years)]

Area10

25

40

Area

Minimum recommended PCIMinimum recommended PCI

Minimum recommended PCIMinimum recommended PCI


Pavem

ent

Condit

ion I

nd

ex

(P

CI)

Now

Now



Survey: Programming & Survey: Programming & BudgetingBudgeting

0

20

40

60

80

100

Last-yearbudget

Based onPCI

Preservationneeds

Other

Establishing budget for pavement preservation

Perc

ent o

f res

pond

ents

...

0

25

50

75

100

FAA State Local

Source of pavement preservation funding

Per

cent

of

resp

onde

nts


Budget Development Budget Development ProcessProcess


Step 5- Budget EvaluationStep 5- Budget Evaluation

Budget Evaluation Tools: Monitoring performance trends Monitoring expenditures over time Tracking backlog of un-funded preservation needs Evaluating consequences of budget levels on future

conditions


Computational SupportComputational Support

Extensive data processing to manage database & prioritization/budgeting

APMS software facilitates data processing


Survey- APMS Software UsageSurvey- APMS Software Usage

0

20

40

60

MicroPAVER Othercommercial

software

In-housesoftware

Type of APMS software

Perc

en

t o

f re

spo

nd

en

ts


Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaverof MicroPaver Advantages:

Supported by FAA & other agencies Relatively inexpensive Incorporates ASTM PCI methodology Can be integrated with GIS Dependable performance prediction


Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaverof MicroPaver Advantages (cont’d):

Customized reports Customized maintenance policy Estimates pavement life extension from treatments Evaluation of budget alternatives


Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaverof MicroPaver Disadvantages:

Cost of M&R based on PCI range (not specific treatments)

Limited optimization Based on PCIno specific M&R cost-benefit


Survey- Operation of APMSSurvey- Operation of APMS

0

20

40

60

In-housestaff

In-house andoutside staff

Mainlyconsultants

Operation of APMS

Perc

ent o

f res

pond

ents

...


New FAA Software- New FAA Software- PAVEAIRPAVEAIR For use on commercial & GA airports Web-based- data for multiple airports on FAA server Enable monitoring AIP project performance Existing MicroPaver fields importable Available soon as free download


Step 6- Project Design & Step 6- Project Design & ImplementationImplementation Design:

Network level APMS- provides multi- year M&R program Project level APMS- provides final treatment and

technical details Implementation & Monitoring:

APMS useful to monitor M&R performance Survey

Only 45 % using APMS to monitor performance of past M&R


Step 7- Operation, Step 7- Operation, Sustainability & EnhancementSustainability & Enhancement

Success of pavement preservation program & its sustainability closely linked

document & communicate successes to top management

Seek sustained preservation funding


SummarySummary

PAVEMENT PRESERVATION IS

SELECTING THE

RIGHT PAVEMENT RIGHT TREATMENT RIGHT TIME


QUESTIONS


Example Decision TreeExample Decision Tree

StructuralDeterioration

Cracking Rutting PossibleTreatment

No

Low

Medium

Low

Medium

High

Crack seal

50 mm overlay

Mill and fill80 mm

High


PreservationPreservation TechniquesTechniques

Micro-Surfacing

Crack Seal Fog Seal

Thin HMA Overlay

Slurry Seal

Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course


Micro-SurfacingMicro-Surfacing

Inhibits raveling & surface oxidation

Improves texture Fills ruts/minor

irregularities Seals surface

Mixture of high-quality fine aggregates & polymer-modified emulsion binder


Micro-SurfacingMicro-Surfacing

A PRESERVING AIRPORT PAVEMENTS Highlights from 2010 ACRP Synthesis FAA Eastern Region 2011 Airports...

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