A Presentation by

Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.

Sub-seismic Resolution in

the Eagle Ford Enabled by

Multi-attribute Analysis in

Paradise:

Instantaneous, Geometric,

and Spectral Decomposition

Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)

Patricia Santogrossi

Sr. Geoscience Consultant

SEG Convention, New Orleans

Multi-Attribute Analysis lives hereTM

18-21 October2015

Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.

Introduction: Overview of project and Paradise

Part 1 Stratigraphic SOM results

Part 2 Classifications at wells

Part 3 Geometric SOM Results

Spectral Decomposition SOM Results

Outline

2

• Combines multiple attributes on 2D as well as 3D data

o Quickly –

a 2D line in a twinkling

10 sq. miles w/ 40 attributes in minutes

50 squares with 60-70 attributes in under an hour.

• Software automatically documents analysis details, results. Reports planned.

• Normalized by standard deviation, results eliminate tuning, velocity concerns.

• Characterizations can be delimited by horizons; guided by key line(s)

What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot

3

• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -

Identify and quantify the key

attributes in the suite/seismic volumes

• Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) -

Classify data in clusters that

- show geologic features/anomalies

- enable specific calibration

• Interactive 2D ColorMaps that can -

- use transparency to focus

We use

What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot cont’d

Eigenvalue Profile by Inline

Eigenspectrum

4

• Nearly 216 sq mi of merged 3D seismic data

• PSTM volume from 0-5.0s at 2ms sample interval

• Enhanced volume (SPEN)

• 4 Mapped Horizons - Austin Chalk, Upper EF, Top EF Shale, Buda

• Over 300 wells

• 10+ pilot holes with tops, logs, deviations, T/ D corrections

• 274 horizontal wells with “attributes”*

• Type logs for 23 wells

Eagle Ford Project Basis

5

• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed

• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies

• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target

• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Resistivity”, “High Resistivity” or “Mixed”

- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones

- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot

- No problem seeing faults

• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….

Conclusions to Date

8

PARADISE PRELIMINARY STRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS (5)

SEG OCTOBER 2015

7

Attributes for PCA (16) Key Attributes for SOMs (10)

Instantaneous Attributes SOM Recipe from 3 Eigenvectors

• Acceleration of Phase

• Band Width

• Dominant Frequency

• Envelope Modulated Phase

• Envelope Second Derivative

• Envelope Time Derivative

• Imaginary Part

• Instantaneous Frequency

• Inst. Freq. Envelope Weighted

• Instantaneous Phase

• Instantaneous Q

• Normalized Amplitude

• Real part

• Relative Acoustic Impedance

• Thin Bed Indicator

• Trace Envelope

8

Instantaneous SOMs

SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8

SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8

SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5

Original Result : Instantaneous SOM1– Default colors

Eagle Ford

BUDA

Inline 19

1.5s

3.2s

1,2,9

49

57

58

59

60

Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result with “Tweaked” colors

Inline 110

1.5s

3.2s

1,2,9

49 Ash?

57 Low Res

58

52 High Res

59

60 Pepper Sh

Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result Resolves Facies Bands

Inline 1

11

EF

BUDA

Animate…

Eagle Ford and Other Very Similar Objectives on Inline 2

This feature:3.7 mi W-E by

2.2 mi N-S = > 8 sq mi (5209 ac),

may be up to 75’ thick.

Filled scours cut into the top Georgetown

A natural cluster is a stack of all geobodies with similar attribute properties. - T. Smith, July 201512

Delimited by Buda Horizon:

SOM 2 (2)

Instantaneous SOMs

SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8

SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8

SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5

13

3 Sectors

Patterns Show Changes in

Neuron Textures and Faults in

Downdip Area

Strat Complexity on Inline 3

Green1,2,3 (4),9

53/54,(60r,57/58,60r),59rt

Green 9,10,11

High Med LowInst. Frequency

Green 1,2,9,11

[

14

59rt(60r, 57/58, 60r)

53/54

• Interval shown

in previous slide

“extracted” by

three neurons

• Poorly sampled

in key wells with

logs. Missed

sweet spot?

Instantaneous SOM 2 ‘High Res” Extracted Geobody

6

5

8

9

10

11V

15A geobody is a 3D geologic feature in seismic reflection data. - T. Smith, July 2015

60r,57/58,60r

CLASSIFICATION ON HORIZON (3)

16

SOM 1 Neuron 52* in EF SOM 2 Neuron 60** in EF

Comparison of Detail In Classification SOM1 vs SOM2

NW SW NW SW

P/K P/K

6 6

* **

17

ARB Line • Character changes in the Upper EF• Variations in thickness of Top EF Ash• Singles out basal clay shale

Offset .016ms below Top EF Shale

SOM 2 Classification on Eagle Ford Top

Offset .012ms below Top EF Shale

6

8

6

8

18

SOM 2 Classification Volume - “High Res” Extraction

Note: Eagle Ford top is now positioned below the extraction for contrast, not context.

6

8

9H

10

11V

19

SOM 3 – New Topology (2)

Instantaneous SOMs

SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8

SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8

SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5

20

Delimited by Buda Horizon:

5x5 Topology 110 ms Eagle Ford Only

Instantaneous SOM3 Result – Facies bands?

Inline 3

UpdipUpdip

DowndipDowndip

21

Updip vs Downdip

Changes in Neuron Textures by Area

1 u, l

5 Ash?

10 Low Res

22 High Res

17 P sh

21 m, l

*[EF

EF

BUBU

Buda

U EF

Inline 3

22

1

5 Ash?

10 Low Res

9

15

20

15

22 High Res

17 Cl sh

21 m, l *Note new neurons downdip

PARADISE WELL RESULTS (9)

OCTOBER 2015

23

Well 6 TIME

Well 6 DEPTH

BUDA

EF Sh

EF Sh

BUDA

24

• EF Shale

Objective

14ms or

108’

• EF

Formation

28 ms or

260’

• EF

“influence”

42 ms or

~350’

Resolution on the Eagle FordSeismic data owned and provided

courtesy of Seitel, Inc.

How could predict presence and location of ‘Hi res” vs “Lo Res” pay?

8

6

8

9 10

11v

Index to Wells

Instantaneous SOM2

25

2

1

6

7

9

11v

10

4

3 5

Instantaneous SOM2 at Wells 2V and 1V – “Red Zone”NW SENW SE

229.2 MBOE

246 MBOE

26

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

On BUDA Horizon

AC

Inline

1

2

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

AC

Inline

MSD 2D

Instantaneous SOM2 - Wells 3V & 4V, 5V – “Gold Overlay”

Note: Upper EF variationsEF Shale Reservoir Mix is lateral

396.3 MBOE

325.4 MBOE

P

NW SE NW SE

27

Basal Clay-rich Sh -AC

Inline

Inline

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

Note: EFSh red lapoutRust center downdipAsh bed thickness varies

3

4 5

MSD 2D

353.0 MBOE

325.4 MBOE

Instantaneous SOM2 Wells 6V and 8V - Rust Core

261.9 MBOE

372.3 MBOE

NW SE

28

Inline

NW SE

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

AC

Inline

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

AC

8

6

MSD 2D

Instantaneous SOM2 Fault Resolution

1,083,908 MBOE

29

Basal Clay-rich Sh -

On BUDA Horizon

604,934 MBOE

MSD 2D

With 10% Probability Filter ON With 10% Probability Filter OFF

Instantaneous SOM2 Classification in Time Slice 2.578s

30

Buda Horizon Buda Horizon

8

9

8

910 10

77

MSD 2D

Instantaneous SOM2 Well 11 V

SW NE

31

• New yellow on brown neurons (facies)

Crossline

MSD 2D

Time slice at 2.722s Inline

Situation of Additional Uncalibrated Facies Downdip

32Sandy? Low or High resistivity?

Top Buda

Top EF Sh

Top Upr EF

GEOMETRIC ATTRIBUTES SOM (1)

33

Geometric Classification in High Res Eagle Ford

• This horizon has been

shifted 16ms below the

Top Eagle Ford

• Well 3H’s lateral borehole

encountered six faults, the

most of any in the well set

• Well 2H’s lateral borehole

encountered 2 faults

Well 3 H

Well 2 H

1

4u

11V

56

9

7

8

10

34

*

SOM used 10 attributes from 2 Eigenvectors*

• A useful tool for “below resolution” seismic interpretation, reservoir

thickness estimation, depositional structure enhancement

• Unravels the seismic signal into its constituent frequencies which

allows the user to see phase and amplitude tuned to specific

wavelengths

• Amplitude component quantifies thickness variablility

• Phase component detects lateral discontinuities

Spectral Decomposition SOMs (6)

35

Best results in the Austin Chalk and the Buda!

Fault not otherwise seen… Acquisition or Gridding Footprints

Instantaneous Spectral Decomp SOMs 24.7Hz vs 26.5Hz

36

1

3

1

3

Classification on Austin Chalk horizon

Linear Trace Octave Trace

2

2

Well 3V Well 4V

Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM

51/58 off BudaScour shapes 57/59r

1 / 2 greens off EFOther is 9/17/25/26

BUDA58

51 Upper EF

EF

37

3

4Crossline

Crossline

Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice

2.482s

56

4

• Stacking variations apparent from NE to SW

• Orange/Red & Yellow /Red is Top Buda

• Purple zone is Basal Clay-rich shale

SW NE

38

Well 6V & 6H Well 8V & 8H

Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM

Upper EF off except for new 46, 53, & 61Basal AC carved into it?

39

CrosslineCrossline

6

8

SW NE

Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice

2.290s

3

40

Inline Segment “Influence”

Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace

41

57

4956

4847

Inline 3 Odd Feature

Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace

57

4956

4847

42

Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.

• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed

• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies

• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target

• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Res” or “High Res”

- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones

- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot

- No problem seeing faults

• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….

Conclusions to Date

43

A Presentation by

Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.

PARADISE…

• If you want to Prognose and Calibrate outcomes better,

• If you want to Geosteer better

• I you want to Evaluate your Leasehold with more confidence

Patricia Santogrossi

Sr. Geoscience Consultant

44

Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.

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