A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

The Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area ranks seventh among the ten most populous metro areas in California in terms of well-being and access to opportunity, as measured by the American Human Development Index. Its score of 4.59 out of a possible 10 is below both the California and United States overall scores.

The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area, with a population of almost 4.3 million, comprises San Bernardino and Riverside Counties and contains eight principal cities: Redlands, Chino, Temecula, Victorville, Corona, Ontario, San Bernardino, and Riverside. Riverside is the largest city; with a population of over three hundred thousand, it is four and a half times the size of the smallest city in the area, Redlands.

3.96EDUCATION

INDEX

THIS CLOSE-UP IS A COMPANION TO A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014 2015, AVAILABLE AT WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG.

$27,429MEDIAN

EARNINGS

79.8LIFE

EXPECTANCY (years)

MEASUREOFAMERICAof the Social Science Research Council

4.59 HD INDEX

San Francisco (6.72)

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)

Los Angeles (5.44)

San Jose (7.08)

San Diego (5.59)

Sacramento (5.47)

Riverside–San Bernardino (4.59)Stockton (4.34)

Fresno (3.96)

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

The American Human Development (HD) Index for California is a composite measure of well-being and access to opportunity made up of health, education, and earnings indicators. The Index is expressed on a scale from 0 to 10.

The American Human Development Index

A Long and Healthy Life is measured using life expectancy at birth, calculated using 2010–2012 mortality data from the California Department of Public Health and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Riverside–San Bernardino TodayHOW HAS RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO FARED SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION?

Like most metro areas across the nation, Riverside–San Bernardino saw a decline in well-being and access to opportunity from before the Great Recession to the most recent data available, due mainly to plummeting earnings and a myriad of other economic hardships. Median earnings, or the wages and salaries of the typical worker, fell by almost $3,700 between the pre-Recession period of 2006–2008 to the post-Recession period of 2010–2012, causing a fall in human development. All but four of the state’s major metro areas saw a reversal of well-being gains during the Great Recession.

Life expectancyat birth

Medianearnings

Schoolenrollment

Educationaldegree attainment

AmericanHuman Development

INDEX

3

HealthINDEX

+ +Education

INDEXIncomeINDEX

INDICATORS

A DecentStandard of Living

Access toKnowledge

A Long andHealthy Life

Access to Knowledge is measured with school enrollment for those ages 3 to 24, and educational degreeattainment for those 25 and older, with 2010–2012 data from the American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.

A Decent Standard of Living is measured using median earnings of all full- and part-time workers 16 years and older from the American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2012.

Human Developmentbefore and after the Great Recession

CHANGE IN HD INDEX

San Francisco

San Jose

Bakersfield

Riverside–San Bernardino

Sacramento

San Diego

Stockton

Fresno

Los Angeles +0.08

+0.05

–0.01

–0.02

–0.03

–0.04

–0.11

–0.15

+0.10

+0.13

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD BY NEIGHBORHOOD

The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is divided by the U.S. Census Bureau into thirty neighborhood clusters, each with a population between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand residents. The gap between the highest-scoring and lowest-scoring neighborhood clusters in the Inland Empire is relatively small: only 3.11 points separate the two. Unfortunately, this small gap is due to lower scores at the top, rather than higher scores at the bottom. The highest-scoring neighborhood in the area, Rancho Cucamonga City, has a score of 6.16, only 14 percent higher than the California average. The score of the lowest-ranked neighborhood cluster, San Bernardino City West, is over 40 percent below the California average. The range of median earnings across clusters is substantial. Residents of Rancho Cucamonga City earn almost twice the wages of those in Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities. However, even in the highest-earning neighborhood cluster of Rancho Cucamonga City, residents only earn over $7,000 more than the state median. In Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities, median earnings are more than $11,000 below the state average.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BY RACE AND ETHNICITY

Another lens for understanding access to opportunity is race and ethnicity. Asian Americans, with a score of 7.13, rank well above the state average for well-being. Latinos, with a score of only 3.97, fall considerably below state and national levels of well-being. Driving this gap between racial and ethnic groups is the low levels of educational attainment for Latinos in Riverside–San Bernardino compared to other groups in the metro area. Almost 40 percent of Latino adults in Riverside–San Bernardino did not complete high school. In comparison, only 12 percent of African American and Asian American adults did not complete high school.

Racial and Ethnic Makeup of the Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area

35.9% Whites

7.0% African Americans

6.0% Asian Americans

0.5% Native Americans

47.9% Latinos

Two or More Racesor Some Other Race

2.7%

Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster in Riverside–San Bernardino

HD INDEX

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH

(years)

LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL

(%)

AT LEAST BACHELOR’S

DEGREE (%)

GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL

DEGREE(%)

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

(%)

MEDIAN EARNINGS

(2012 dollars)

California 5.39 81.2 18.5 30.9 11.3 78.5 30,502Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area 4.59 79.8 21.4 19.4 6.9 76.0 27,429

TOP 3 Neighborhood Clusters

1. Rancho Cucamonga City 6.16 82.2 10.1 30.2 10.8 80.2 37,504

2. Temecula City 6.13 82.4 8.3 30.6 9.6 79.5 36,705

3. Chino & Chino Hills Cities 6.04 82.6 14.2 31.5 9.4 78.4 36,492

BOTTOM 3 Neighborhood Clusters28. Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities 3.65 82.1 37.7 11.9 4.3 74.5 19,222

29. Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities 3.48 75.3 14.7 14.9 5.4 62.1 26,913

30. San Bernardino City (West) 3.05 76.4 36.6 9.0 2.9 74.2 21,449

Source: Measure of America calculations using California Department of Public Health 2010–2012 mortality data and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates and American Community Survey 2010–2012.

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Corona

OntarioRedlands

Temecula

Riverside

Victorville

Palm Springs

San Bernardino

10

0 2010 Miles N

JOSHUA TREENATIONAL PARK

SAN BERNARDINONATIONAL FOREST

Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster

HD INDEX

6.82–9.26

5.76–6.81

4.77–5.75

4.00–4.76

2.14–3.99

Parkland

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Riverside–San Bernardino Forecast: The Next GenerationAlthough HD Index scores are a good proxy for potential risks to child well-being, the HD Index uses a set of indicators that chart the life course of adults and are therefore less suited to capturing how the next generation will fare. Additional indicators can help round out the picture. Below are a set of faster-moving indicators that shed light on the overall physical and social conditions children and youth face as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today. These factors, which operate “behind the scenes,” affect the degree to which children and teens in Riverside–San Bernardino are sheltered from harm, have their fundamental needs met, and are able to build the capabilities required to flourish in the future. Air quality in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is a serious concern; the air is unhealthy to breathe one in every three days. At almost 21 percent, the rate of uninsured residents is higher than both the state and national averages. One positive element is that Riverside–San Bernardino has plenty of green space; however, given the poor air quality, it is too often unwise for children and youth to enjoy it. The preschool enrollment rate, around 38 percent, is the second-lowest of California’s major metro areas. Almost a quarter of Riverside–San Bernardino residents earn under $25,000 a year, and only 51 percent of residents have affordable housing; these two indicators suggest that too many children are growing up in straightened financial circumstances. Average commute times in the metro area are the longest of any major metro area in the state. Residents enduring long, stressful commutes have less time and energy for family life. Overall, health, educational attainment, and affordable housing are serious concerns for youth in Riverside–San Bernardino. These indicators suggest that the next generation of Riverside residents will struggle to drive the Riverside HD Index ranking higher in the years to come.

These indicators track important risks that children and youth are facing as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today.

Riverside–San Bernardino white residents score lower on overall well-being than whites in most other major California metro areas. Only whites in Stockton and Bakersfield score lower. One factor driving down white performance in Riverside–San Bernardino is median earnings. Whites in Riverside earn only around $36,200, about $4,760 below the median earnings of white Californians. Latinos are the largest racial or ethnic group in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area and make up almost 48 percent of the population. This proportion is significantly above the state proportion of 38 percent. The share of African Americans in the metro area, 7 percent, is just above the state level of around 6 percent. No major California metro area has a sufficiently large Native American population to allow for reliable calculations of the HD Index at this level, unfortunately; the HD Index score for Native Americans in the state is 4.51.

Forecast Indicators: The Next Generation

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Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2503 and S0802; FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012.

RANKING(BASED ON HD INDEX)

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

(% who spend less than 30% of income on housing)

AVERAGECOMMUTE TIME

(minutes/day)

VIOLENTCRIMES

(per 100,000 residents)

1. San Jose 58.5 26 2742. San Francisco 55.2 30 5513. Oxnard 53.9 25 1984. San Diego 50.9 25 3745. Sacramento 54.7 25 4416. Los Angeles 48.6 29 3937. Riverside–San Bernardino 51.3 31 3698. Stockton 53.2 30 8899. Fresno 54.2 23 54010. Bakersfield 57.6 24 579

Sources: California Department of Public Health, 2010 Birth Records; Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Index Report 2013; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table DP03; California Protected Areas Database.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table S1401 and analysis of 2010–2012 PUMA microdata; California Department of Education cohort dropout rate.

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2001 and B19083.

RANKING(BASED ON HD INDEX)

UNEMPLOYMENT

(% 16 years old and older)

EARNING UNDER $25,000/YEAR

(% of full-time workers)

INCOME INEQUALITY

(gini)

1. San Jose 5.3 13.1 0.472. San Francisco 5.0 13.4 0.493. Oxnard 5.9 21.0 0.444. San Diego 5.8 20.4 0.475. Sacramento 6.7 17.7 0.456. Los Angeles 7.2 24.8 0.497. Riverside–San Bernardino 8.0 23.8 0.448. Stockton 10.3 20.0 0.469. Fresno 10.5 29.4 0.4810. Bakersfield 10.1 29.0 0.46

RANKING(BASED ON HD INDEX)

NEWBORNS WITH LOW BIRTH

WEIGHT (% of births less

than 5.5 lbs.)

AIR QUALITY

(# of unhealthy days per year)

NO HEALTH INSURANCE

(% of residents)

GREEN SPACE

(square miles per 100,000 residents)

1. San Jose 6.9 8 11.9 262. San Francisco 7.0 7 11.9 183. Oxnard 6.2 5 16.3 1214. San Diego 6.5 19 17.3 655. Sacramento 6.7 35 13.4 806. Los Angeles 7.1 80 21.4 127. Riverside–San Bernardino 6.8 130 20.8 4188. Stockton 7.0 30 17.5 39. Fresno 7.8 109 20.4 25610. Bakersfield 7.0 100 20.7 242

RANKING(BASED ON HD INDEX)

PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT

(% of 3 and 4 year olds)

HIGH SCHOOLDROPOUT

(% of cohort)

DISCONNECTEDYOUTH

(% 16-24 year olds not working or in school)

1. San Jose 58.7 11.1 11.62. San Francisco 60.3 12.9 12.33. Oxnard 51.7 10.7 10.44. San Diego 49.3 9.2 11.95. Sacramento 49.2 9.5 14.36. Los Angeles 53.6 11.4 14.17. Riverside–San Bernardino 37.6 11.2 18.28. Stockton 40.7 12.3 21.09. Fresno 38.4 14.6 19.410. Bakersfield 34.9 16.2 24.2

A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Human Development in Riverside–San Bernardino at a Glance

Measure of America is a nonpartisan project, founded in 2007, of the Social Science Research Council. It creates easy-to-use yet methodologically sound tools for understanding well-being and opportunity in America and stimulates fact-based dialogue about these issues. Through hard copy and online reports, interactive maps, and custom-built dashboards, Measure of America works closely with partners to breathe life into numbers, using data to identify areas of need, pinpoint levers of change, and track progress over time.

For policymaker and press inquiries: Eric Henderson, Chief of Advocacy and Mediaeric@measureofamerica.org, (718) 517-3606.

MEASUREOFAMERICAof the Social Science Research Council

5.07UNITED STATES

HD INDEX

5.39CALIFORNIA

HD INDEX

4.59RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO

HD INDEX

Whites5.34

Latinos3.97

AsianAmericans7.13

African Americans4.48

Race/Ethnicity

Human Development in California's Ten MostPopulous Metro Areas

Riverside–San Bernardino in the National Context

6.16

6.13

6.04

5.88

5.69

San Francisco (6.72)

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)

Los Angeles (5.44)

Bakersfield (3.69)

TOP 5 Neighborhood Clusters

Rancho Cucamonga City,San Bernardino County

Chino & Chino Hills Cities,San Bernardino County

Corona City (South), Woodcrest & Home Gardens, Riverside County

Temecula City,Riverside County

Redlands & Yucaipa Cities, San Bernardino County

BOTTOM 5 Neighborhood Clusters

Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities, Riverside County

Rialto City, San Bernardino County

Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities, San Bernardino County

San Bernardino City (West), San Bernardino County

3.65

3.70

Victorville & Adelanto Cities,San Bernardino County 3.80

3.48

3.05

San Jose (7.08)

San Diego (5.59)

Sacramento (5.47)

Riverside–San Bernardino (4.59)Stockton (4.34)

Fresno (3.96)

0 (HD INDEX MINIMUM)

10 (HD INDEX MAXIMUM)

10

5

80

10