A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus / Alan M. Stahl, Gerald Poirier & Yan Nao

8/20/2019 A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus / Alan M. Stahl, Gerald Poirier & Yan Nao

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

XIVth INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS

GLASGOW 2009

Edited by

Nicholas Holmes

GLASGOW 2011


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All rights reserved byThe International Numismatic Council

ISBN 978-1-907427-17-6

Distributed by Spink & Son Ltd, 69 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4ET

Printed and bound in Malta by Gutenberg Press Ltd.

International Numismatic Council

British Academy


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS

GLASGOW 2009

II


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PrefaceEditor’s note

Inaugural lecture

‘A foreigner’s view of the coinage of Scotland’, by Nicholas MAYHEW

Antiquity: Greek

I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO

Lessons from a (bronze) die study, by Donald T. ARIEL

Le monete incuse a leggenda Pal-Mol : una verifica della documentazione

disponibile, by Marta BARBATO

Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by RachelBARKAY

Remarks on monetary circulation in the chora of Olbia Pontica – the case ofKoshary, by Jarosław BODZEK

The ‘colts’ of Corinth revisited: a note on Corinthian drachms from Ravel’sPeriod V, by Lee L. BRICE

Not only art! The period of the ‘signing masters’ and ‘historical iconography’,by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO

Les monnaies pr éromaines de BB’T-BAB(B)A de Mauretanie, by LaurentCALLEGARIN & Abdelaziz EL KHAYARI

Mode iconografiche e determinazioni delle cronologie nell’occidente ellenistico,by Benedetto CARROCCIO

La phase postarcha ï que du monnayage de Massalia, by Jean-AlbertCHEVILLON

A new thesis for Siglos and Dareikos, by Nicolas A. CORFÙ

Heroic cults in northern Sicily between numismatics and archaeology, byAntonio CRISÀ

La politica estera tolemaica e l’area del Mar Nero: l’iconografia numismaticacome fonte storica, by Angela D’ARRIGO

1819

23

35

42

48

52

58

67

73

81

89

97

105

114

123

CONTENTS


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CONTENTS2

New light on the Larnaca hoard IGCH 1272, by Anne DESTROOPER-GEORGIADES

The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by Dimitar DRAGANOV

The ‘royal archer’ and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in theSeleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT

ὖ ὰ ῖ ῖ . Retour sur les critères quidéfinissent habituellement les ‘imitations’ Athéniennes, by Chr. FLAMENT

On the gold coinage of ancient Chersonese (46-133 AD), by N.A. FROLOVA

Propaganda on coins of Ptolemaic queens, by Agnieszka FULIŃSKA

Osservazioni sui rinvenimenti di monete dagli scavi archeologici dell’anticaCaulonia, by Giorgia GARGANO

La circulation monétaire à Argos d’apr ès les monnaies de fouille de l’ÉFA(École française d’Athènes), by Catherine GRANDJEAN

Silver denominations and standards of the Bosporan cities, by JeanHOURMOUZIADIS

Seleucid ‘eagles’ from Tyre and Sidon: preliminary results of a die-study, byPanagiotis P. IOSSIF

Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN

Parion history from coins, by Vedat KELEŞ

Regional mythology: the meanings of satyrs on Greek coins, by Ann-MarieKNOBLAUCH

The chronology of the Hellenistic coins of Thessaloniki, Pella and Amphipolis,by Theodoros KOUREMPANAS

The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by Constantine LAGOS

Évidence numismatique de l’existence d’Antioche en Troade, by Dincer SavasLENGER

131

140

163

170

178

184

189

199

203

213

230

237

246

251

259

265


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CONTENTS 3

Hallazgo de un conjunto monetal de Gadir en la necr ó polis Feno-Púnica delos cuarteles de Varela, Cádiz, España, by Urbano LÓPEZ RUIZ & Ana Mar í aRUIZ TINOCO

Gold and silver weight standards in fourth-century Cyprus: a resume, by Evangeline MARKOU

Göttliche Herrscherin – herrschende Göttin? Frauenbildnisse auf hellenistischenMünzen, by Katharina MARTIN

Melkart-Herakles y sus distintas advocaciones en la Bética costera, by ElenaMORENO PULIDO

Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend ‘ΚΟΣΩΝ’, by LucianMUNTEANU

‘Une monnaie grecque inédite: un triobole d’Argos en Argolide’, by EleniPAPAEFTHYMIOU

The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA

Le tr ésor des monnaies perses d’or trouvé à Argamum / Orgamé (Jurilovca, dép.de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMAŢCHI & V. IONIŢĂ

The imitations of late Thasian tetradrachms: chronology, classification anddating, by Ilya S. PROKOPOV

Moneta e discorso politico: emissioni monetarie in Cirenaica tra il 321 e il 258a.C., by Daniela Bessa PUCCINI

Tesoros sertorianos en España: problemas y nuevas perspectivas, by IsabelRODRÍGUEZ CASANOVA

‘Ninfa’ eponima grande dea? Caratteri e funzioni delle personificazioni cittadine,by Grazia SALAMONE

The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC – thirdcentury AD, by Ziad SAWAYA

Monetazione incusa magnogreca: destinazione e funzioni, by Rosa SCAVINO

Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by LaviniaSOLE

La moneta di Sibari: struttura e metrologia, by Emanuela SPAGNOLI

269

280

285

293

304

310

319

331

337

350

357

365

376

382

393

405


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CONTENTS4

Le stephanophoroi prima delle stephanophoroi, by Marianna SPINELLI

Weight adjustment al marco in antiquity, and the Athenian decadrachm, by CliveSTANNARD

The Magnesian hoard: a preliminary report, by Oğuz TEKIN

Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Górtyn, by Burkhard TRAEGER

Aspetti della circolazione monetaria in area basso adriatica, by AdrianaTRAVAGLINI & Valeria Giulia CAMILLERI

La polisemia di Apollo attraverso il documento monetale, by Maria DanielaTRIFIRÒ

Thraco-Macedonian coins: the evidence from the hoards, by Alexandros R.A.TZAMALIS

The pattern of findspots of coins of Damastion: a clue to its location, by Dubravka UJES MORGAN

The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by FranckWOJAN

The hoard of Cyzicenes from the settlement of Patraeus (Taman peninsula), by E.V. ZAKHAROV

Antiquity: Roman

The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN

Coin finds from the Dutch province of North-Holland (Noord-Holland).Chronological and geographical distribution and function of Roman coins fromthe Dutch part of Barbaricum, by Paul BELIËN

The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by FrankBERGER

Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first -fourth century AD, by Line BJERG

The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORIĆ-BREŠKOVIĆ

417

427

436

441

447

461

473

487

497

500

509

514

527

533

538


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CONTENTS 5

Die Münzpr ägung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER

The denarius in the first century, by K. BUTCHER & M. PONTING

Coinage and coin circulation in Nicopolis of Epirus: a preliminary report, by Dario CALOMINO

La piazza porticata di Egnazia: la documentazione numismatica, by RaffaellaCASSANO, Adriana TRAVAGLINI & Alessandro CRISPINO

Dallo scavo al museo: un ripostiglio monetale di età antonina del IV municipiodi Roma (Italia), by Francesca CECI

I rinvenimenti dal Tevere: la monetazione della Diva Faustina, by AlessiaCHIAPPINI

Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during theTetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEÓN-REINA, F.J.FORTES, L.M. CABALÍN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA

L’Oriente Ligoriano: fonti, luoghi, mirabilia, by Arianna D’OTTONE

Le emissioni isiache: quale rapporto con il navigium Isidis?, by Sabrina DEPACE

A centre of aes rude production in southern Etruria : La Castellina

(Civitavecchia, Roma), by Almudena DOMÍNGUEZ-ARRANZ & Jean GRAN-AYMERICH

Perseus and Andromeda in Alexandria: explaining the popularity of the myth inthe culture of the Roman Empire, by Melissa Barden DOWLING

Les fractions du nummus frappées à Rome et à Ostie sous le r ègne de Maxence(306-312 ap. J.C.), by V. DROST

Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in theFlavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS

‘The restoration of memory: Minucius and his monument’ by Jane DeRoseEVANS

La circulation monétaire à Lyon de la fondation de la colonie à la mort deSeptime Sévère (43 av. – 211 apr. J.C.): premiers résultats, by Jonas FLUCK

545

557

569

576

580

592

595

605

613

621

629

635

645

657

662


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CONTENTS6

Le monnayage en orichalque romain: apport des expérimentations auxétudes numismatiques, by Arwen GAFFIERO, Arnaud SUSPÈNE, FlorianTÉREYGEOL & Bernard GRATUZE

New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCÍA-BELLIDO

Les bronzes d’Octave à la proue et à la tête de bélier (RPC 533) attribués àToulouse-Tolosa: nouvelles découvertes, by Vincent GENEVIÈVE

Crustumerium, Cisterna Grande (Rome, Italy): textile traces from a Romancoins hoard, by Maria Rita GIULIANI, Ida Anna RAPINESI, Francesco DIGENNARO, Daniela FERRO, Heli ARIMA, Ulla RAJANA & Francesca CECI

Deux médaillons d’Antonin le Pieux du territoire de Pautalia (Thrace), by Valentina GRIGOROVA-GENCHEVA

Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:iconological considerations with special reference to the emperor’scorrespondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jürgen HAMER

The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrian’s eastern silver coinages, by F.HAYMANN

The coin-images of the later soldier-emperors and the creation of a Romanempire of late antiquity, by Ragnar HEDLUND

Coinage and currency in ancient Pompeii, by Richard HOBBS

Imitations in gold, by Helle W. HORSNÆS

Un geste de Caracalla sur une monnaie frappée à Pergame, by Antony HOSTEIN

New data on monetary circulation in northern Illyricum in the fifth century, by Vujadin IVANIŠEVIĆ & Sonja STAMENKOVIĆ

Die augusteischen Münzmeisterpr ägungen: IIIviri monetales im Spannungsfeldzwischen Republik und Kaiserzeit, by Alexa KÜTER

Imperial representation during the reign of Valentinian III, by Aládar KUUN

The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH

Le monnayage de Brutus et Cassius a pr ès la mort de César, by RaphaëlleLAIGNOUX

668

676

686

696

709

715

720

726

732

742

749

757

765

772

780

785


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CONTENTS 7

L’ultima emissione di Cesare Ottaviano: alcune considerazioni sulle recenti proposte cronologiche, by Fabiana LANNA

Claudius’s issue of silver drachmas in Alexandria: Serapis Anastole, by BarbaraLICHOCKA

La chronologie des émissions monétaires de Claude II: ateliers de Milan etSiscia, by Jérôme MAIRAT

La circulation monétaire à Strasbourg (France) et sur le Rhin supérieur aupremier siècle après J.-C., by Stéphane MARTIN

The double solidus of Magnentius, by Alenka MIŠKEC

A hoard of bronze coins of the third century BC found at Pratica di Mare(Rome), by Maria Cristina MOLINARI

Un conjunto de plomos monetiformes de procendencia hispana de la colecciónantigua del Museo Arqueológico Nacional (Madrid), by Bartolomé MORASERRANO

Monete e ritualitá funeraria in epoca romana imperiale: il sepolcreto dei Fadieni (Ferrara – Italia), by Anna Lina MORELLI

Il database Monete al femminile, by Anna Lina MORELLI & Erica FILIPPINI

La trouvaille monétaire de Bex-Sous-Vent (VD, Suisse): une nouvelle analyse,

by Yves MUHLEMANN

Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Städte des Ostens: ein Projekt derKommission f ür alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLLÉ

Plomos monetiformes con leyenda ibérica Baitolo, hallados en la ciudad romanade Baetulo (Hispania Tarraconensis), by Pepita PADRÓS MARTÍ, DanielVÁZQUEZ & Francesc ANTEQUERA

I denari serrati della repubblica romana: alcune considerazioni, by AndreaPANCOTTI & Patrizia CALABRIA

Monetary circulation in late antique Rome: a fifth-century context coming fromthe N.E. slope of the Palatine Hill. A preliminary report, by Giacomo PARDINI

Securitas e suoi attributi: lo sviluppo di una iconografia, by Rossella PERA

Could the unof ficial mint called ‘Atelier II’ be identified with the of ficinae ofChâteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON

794

800

809

816

822

828

839

846

856

864

872

878

888

893

901

906


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CONTENTS8

Coin finds from Elaiussa Sebaste (Cilicia Tracheia), by Annalisa POLOSA

El poblamiento romano en el área del Mar Menor (Ager Carthaginensis): unaaproximación a partir de los recientes hallazgos numismáticos, by AlfredoPORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Elvira NAVARRO SANTA-CRUZ

The presence of local deities on Roman Palestinian coins: reflections oncultural and religious interaction between Romans and local elites, by VagnerCarvalheiro PORTO

The male couple: iconography and semantics, by Mariangela PUGLISI

Countermarks on the Republican and Augustan brass coins in the south-easternAlps, by Andrej RANT

A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo

della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI

L’image du pouvoir impériale de Trajan et son évolution idéologique: étude desfrappes monétaires aux types d’Hercule, Jupiter et Soleil, by Laurent RICCARDI

The inflow of Roman coins to the east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia ( Mazowsze) andPodlachia ( Podlasie), by Andrzej ROMANOWSKI

Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,by Alessia ROVELLI

Communicating a consecratio: the deification coinage of Faustina I, by ClareROWAN

An alleged hoard of third-century Alexandrian tetradrachms, by Adriano SAVIO& Alessandro CAVAGNA

Some notes on religious embodiments in the coinage of Roman Syria andMesopotamia, by Philipp SCHWINGHAMMER

Roman provincial coins in the money circulation of the south-eastern Alpinearea and western Pannonia, by Andrej ŠEMROV

Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (1): introduzione, by Patrizia SERAFIN

Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (2): la moneta di Vespasiano tra tradizione edinnovazione, by Alessandra SERRA

A hoard of denarii and early Roman Messene, by Kleanthis SIDIROPOULOS

911

916

926

933

941

954

964

973

983

991

999

1004

1013

1019

1020

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CONTENTS 9

La ‘corona radiata’ sui ritratti dei bronzi imperiali alessandrini, by GiovanniMaria STAFFIERI

The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica inthe second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD

Monete della zecca di Frentrum, Larinum e Pallanum, by Napoleone STELLUTI

Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors – Greek imperialissues, by Yannis STOYAS

Les monnaies d’or d’Auguste: l’apport des analyses élémentaires et le problèmede l’atelier de N î mes, by Arnaud SUSPÈNE, Maryse BLET-LEMARQUAND &Michel AMANDRY

The popularity of the enthroned type of Asclepius on Peloponnesian coins of

imperial times, by Christina TSAGKALIA

Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. ScottVANHORN

Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., byDaniela WILLIAMS

Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA

Antiquity: Celtic

La moneda ibérica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior : consideraciones sobresu cronologí a y función, by Marta CAMPO

Les bronzes à la gueule de loup du Berry: essai de typochronologie, by PhilippeCHARNOTET

Les imitations de l’obole de Marseille de LTD1/LTD2A (IIe s. / Ier s. av. J.C.)entre les massifs des Alpes et du Jura, by Anne GEISER

Le monnayage à la légende TOGIRIX: une nouvelle approche, by Anne GEISER& Julia GENECHESI

Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armuña deTajuña, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLÈS

Données expérimentales sur la fabrication de quinaires gaulois fourrés, by Katherine GRUEL, Dominique LACOSTE, Carole FRARESSO, MichelPERNOT & François ALLIER

1037

1045

1056

1067

1073

1082

1092

1103

1115

1135

1142

1148

1155

1165

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CONTENTS10

Pre-Roman coins from Sotin, by Mato ILKIĆ

Les monnaies gauloises trouvées à Paris, by Sté phane MARTIN

Die keltischen Münzen vom Oberleiserberg (Nieder österreich), by Jiři MILITKÝ

New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)and Rheinau (Switzerland) – a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,by Michael NICK

Le dépôt monétaire gaulois de Laniscat (Côtes-d’Armor): 547 monnaies de bastitre. Étude préliminaire, by Sylvia NIETO-PELLETIER, Bernard GRATUZE &Gérard AUBIN

Antiquity: general

La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. AR ÉVALOGONZÁLEZ

Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Münzen und Gemmen,by Angela BERTHOLD

Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by AlessandraBOTTARI

Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches toreading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL

The collection of ancient coins in the Ossoliński National Institute in Lvov(1828-1944), by Adam DEGLER

Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI

Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG project, by Marici Martins MAGALHÃES

La catalogazione delle emissioni di Commodo nel Codice Ligoriano, by RosaMaria NICOLAI

The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by Isabelle A. PAFFORD

Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at theUniversalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER

1182

1191

1198

1207

1218

1231

1240

1247

1254

1261

1266

1278

1292

1303

1310


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CONTENTS 11

Monete ed anelli: cronologia, tipologie, fruitori, by Claudia PERASSI

Il volume 21 delle Antichit á Romane di Pirro Ligorio ‘Libri delle Medaglie daCesare a Marco Aurelio Commodo’ , by Patrizia SERAFIN

Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the Çorum Museum, by D. ÖzlemYALCIN

Mediaeval and modern western (mediaeval)

The exchanges in the city of London, 1344-1358, by Martin ALLEN

Fribourg en Nuithonie: faciès monétaire d’une petite ville au centre de l’Europe,by Anne-Francine AUBERSON

Die Pegauer Brakteatenpr ägung Abt Siegfrieds von Rekkin (1185-1223):

Kriterien zu deren chronologischer Einordnung, by Jan-Erik BECKER

Die recutting in the eleventh-century Polish coinage, by Mateusz BOGUCKI

Le retour à l’or au treizième siècle: le cas de Montpellier (...1244-1246...), by Marc BOMPAIRE & Pierre-Joan BERNARD

Le monete a leggenda ΠAN e le emissioni arabo-bizantine. I dati dello scavo diAntinoupolis / El Sheikh Abada, by Daniele CASTRIZIO

Scavi di Privernum e Fossanova (Latina, Italia): monete tardoantiche,

medioevale e moderne, by Francesca CECI & Margherita CANCELLIERI

La aportación de los hallazgos monetarios a ‘la crisis del siglo XIV’ en Cataluña,by Maria CLUA I MERCADAL

Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE

Donative pennies in Viking-age Scandinavia?, by Fr édéric ELFVER

Carolingian capitularies as a source for the monetary history of the Frankishempire, by Hubert EMMERIG

Ulf Candidatus, by G. EMSØY

Münzen des Moskauer Grossf ürstentums. Das Geld von Dmitrij IvanowitschDonskoj (1359-1389) (ü ber die Ver öffentlichung der ersten Ausgabe des ‘Korpusder russischen Münzen des 14-15. Jhs.’), by P. GAIDUKOV & I. GRISHIN

1323

1334

1344

1355

1360

1372

1382

1392

1401

1408

1411

1418

1426

1431

1436

1441


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CONTENTS12

Brakteatenpr ägungen in Mähren in der zweiten Hälfte des dreizehntenJahrhunderts, by Dagmar GROSSMANNOVÁ Monetisation in medieval Scandinavia, by Svein H. GULLBEKK

A mancus apparently marked on behalf of King Offa: genuine or fake?, by Wolfgang HAHN

Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 1000-1250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON

Was pseudo-Byzantine coinage primarily of municipal origin?, by CharlieKARUKSTIS

Interpreting single finds in medieval England – the secondary lives of coins, byRichard KELLEHER

Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & MarcinWOŁOSZYN

Die fr üheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Münze?, by IvarLEIMUS

Coinage and money in the ‘years of insecurity’: the case of late ByzantineChalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS

Nota sulla circolazione monetaria tardoantica nel Lazio meridionale: i reperti di

S. Ilario ad bivium, by Flavia MARANI

The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and itsimplications, by Michael MATZKE

Ü berlegungen zum ‘Habsburger Urbar’ als Quelle f ür Währungsgeschichte, by Samuel NUSSBAUM

Schilling Kennisbergisch slages of Grand Master Louis of Ehrlichshausen, by Borys PASZKIEWICZ

Un diner de Jaime I el conquistador en el Mar Menor: evidencias de presenciaaragonesa en el Campo de Cartagena durante la Baja Edad Media, by Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Alfonso ROBLES FERNÁNDEZ

L’atelier de faux-monnayeur de Rovray (VD, Suisse), by Carine RAEMYTOURNELLE

1452

1458

1464

1470

1477

1492

1500

1509

1517

1535

1542

1552

1557

1564

1570


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CONTENTS 13

La ubicación de las casas de moneda en le Europa medieval. El caso del reino deLeón, by Antonio ROMA VALDÉS

New perspectives on Norwegian Viking-age hoards c. 1000: the Bore hoardrevisited, by Elina SCREEN

The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries inKlapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav ŠEPAROVIĆ

A model for the analysis of coins lost in Norwegian churches, by Christian J.SIMENSEN

A clippe from Femern, by Jørgen SØMOD

The convergence of coinages in the late medieval Low Countries, by PeterSPUFFORD

A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus, by Alan M. STAHL,Gerald POIRIER & Nan YAO

OTTO / ODDO and ADELHEIDA / ATHALHET - onomatological aspectsof German coin types of the tenth and eleventh centuries, by SebastianSTEINBACH

Bulles de plomb et les monnaies en Pologne au XIIe siècle, by StanislawSUCHODOLSKI

Palaeologian coin findings of Kusadasi, Kadikalesi/Anaia and their reflections.by Ceren ÜNAL

The hoard of Tetí n (Czech Republic) in the light of currency conditions inthirteenth-century Bohemia, by Roman ZAORAL & Jiři MILITKÝ

The circulation of foreign coins in Poland in the fifteenth century, by MichalZAWADZKI

Mediaeval and modern Western (modern)

Die neuzeitliche Münzstätte im Schloss Haldenstein bei Chur Gr, Schweiz, by Rahel C. ACKERMANN

The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST

Four ducats coins of Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) of Austria: their use in jewellery and some hitherto unpublished imitations, by Aleksandar N. BRZIC

1580

1591

1597

1605

1614

1620

1625

1633

1640

1649

1664

1671

1679

1687

1693


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CONTENTS14

A king as Hercules in the modern Polish coinage, by Witold GARBAZCEWSKI

The monetary areas in Piedmont during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries: astarting point for new investigations, by Luca GIANAZZA

Coin hoards in the United States, by John M. KLEEBERG

The transfer of minting techniques to Denmark in the nineteenth century, by Michael MÄRCHER

Patrimonio Numismático Iberoamericano: un proyecto del Museo Arqueológico Nacional, by Carmen MARCOS ALONSO & Paloma OTERO MORÁN

Moneda local durante la guerra civil española: billete emitido por elayuntamiento de San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, by Federico MARTÍNEZPASTOR & Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ

Coins and monetary circulation in the Legnica-Brzeg duchy: rudimentary problems, by Robert PIE ŃKOWSKI

Representaciones del café en el acervo de numismática del Museu Paulista -USP , by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO

Freiburg im Üechtland und die Münzreformen der französischen K önige (1689-1726), by Nicole SCHACHER

La aparición de la marca de valor en la moneda valenciana, ¿1618 o 1640? Una

nueva hipótesis de trabajo, by Juan Antonio SENDRA IBÁÑEZ

Devotion and coin-relics in early modern Italy, by Lucia TRAVAINI

The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins fromJáchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by PetrVOREL

The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to theEnglish Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV

Oriental and African coinages

The meaning of the character寳 bao in the legends of Chinese cash coins, by Vladimir A. BELYAEV & Sergey V. SIDOROVICH

Three unpublished Indo-Sasanian coin hoards, Government Museum, Mathura,by Pratipal BHATIA

1704

1713

1719

1725

1734

1744

1748

1752

1758

1765

1774

1778

1783

1789

1796


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CONTENTS16

Numismatic memorials of breeding trotting horses (based on the collection ofthe numismatic department of the Hermitage), by L.I. DOBROVOLSKAYA

De retrato a arquetipo: anotaciones sobre la difusión de la efigie de Juan VIIIPaleólogo en la peninsula Ibérica, by Albert ESTRADA-RIUS

Titon du Tillet e le medaglie del Parnasse François, by Paola GIOVETTI

Bedrohung und Schutz der Erde: Positionen zur Umweltproblematik in derdeutschen Medaillenkunst der Gegenwart, by Rainer GRUND

The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by JanPELSDONK

Twentieth-century British campaign medals: a continuation of the nineteenthcentury?, by Phyllis STODDART and Keith SUGDEN

‘Shines with unblemished honour’: some thoughts on an early nineteenth-century medal, by Tuukka TALVIO

General numismatics

Dall’iconografia delle monete antiche all’ideologia della nazione future. Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di D’Annunzio sulla nuova monetazione

Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO

Didaktisch-methodische Aspekte der Numismatik in der Schule, by Szymon

BERESKA

The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by François deCALLATAŸ

Le monete di Lorenzo il Magnifico in un manoscritto di Angelo Poliziano, by Fiorenzo CATALLI

Coinage and mapping, by Thomas FAUCHER

Classicism and coin collections in Brazil, by Maria Beatriz BorbaFLORENZANO

A prosopography of the mint of ficials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by Luca GIANAZZA

Elementary statistical methods in numismatic metrology, by DagmarGROSSMANNOVÁ & Jan T. STEFAN

1920

1931

1937

1945

1959

1965

1978

1985

1993

1999

2004

2012

2017

2022

2027


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CONTENTS 17

Les collections numismatiques du Musée archéologique de Dijon (France), byJacques MEISSONNIER

Bank of Greece: the numismatic collections, by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU

Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU

Re-discovering coins: publication of the numismatic collections in Bulgarianmuseums – a new project, by Evgeni PAUNOV, Ilya PROKOPOV & SvetoslavaFILIPOVA

„Census of Ancient Coins Known in the Renaissance“, by Ulrike PETER

Le sel a servi de moyen d’échange, by J.A. SCHOONHEYT

The international numismatic library situation and the foundation of theInternational Numismatic Libraries’ Network (INLN), by Ans TER WOERDS

The Golden Fleece in Britain, by R.H. THOMPSON

Das Museum August Kestner in Hannover: Neues aus der Münzsammlung, by Simone VOGT

From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI

Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra PieridesCollection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU

Index of Contributors

2036

2044

2046

2047

2058

2072

2082

2089

2100

2102

2112

2118


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* We wish to record our deep gratitude to Michael Metcalf of the

Heberden Coin Room in Oxford for generously sharing with us the notes

he had taken on the hoard shortly after its discovery.1 Find R.20545, NM 1181, found 15 July 1996 in tomb 2; Venetian

denaro of Girolamo Priuli for Cyprus, 1559-67 (Schlumberger 1878,

VIII, 7). The hoard of 216 Lusignan grossi published as Metcalf 1990 was

discovered in 1984, before the uniform grid was established.

2 Its location in the site plan is EG0, H10, at an absolute height of 17.455

meters.3 The coins were assigned cumulative find numbers R17952-20995

and numismatic find numbers NM953-1364; discrepancies in count have

resulted from the separation of fused coins and other rectifications in the

process of conservation.

A PERPLEXING HOARD OF LUSIGNANCOINS FROM POLIS, CYPRUS*

ALAN M. STAHL, GERALD POIRIER & YAN NAO

On July 17, 1995, in the course of removing the north face of an excavated trench, a workman onPrinceton University’s excavation in Polis, Cyprus, hit upon a group of coins with his pick. Thecoins, apparently not in any surviving container, scattered over an area almost a metre square.Upon examination, the coins appeared to be of a type and fabric unknown in the standard accountsof the Lusignan coinage of medieval Cyprus.

Under the direction of Professor William Childs, Princeton has been excavating at the site ofPolis Chrysochous on the northwestern shore of Cyprus since 1983. This large and complex siteincludes an archaic sanctuary and palace complex, a large building of Roman date, an early Chris-tian basilica, and a church and domestic buildings dated to the middle Byzantine through Lusignaneras. The hoard was found in the medieval section of the site, which is on a rise looking north tothe bay. There are two buildings in this section of the site that have walls running parallel to eachother and that appear to have been contemporary: a church containing frescoes possibly datable tothe fourteenth century, and an apparently secular building to the north of it tentatively identified asa manor house of the Lusignan era.

The church has along its north wall a small apsidal chapel and a series of rectangular rooms. Thereare burials in the nave of the church. In one of these tombs, in the mouth of a skeleton, there was founda Venetian coin dating to the mid-sixteenth century, which documents the use of the site for burial inthe early modern period and suggests that the church was active through the Lusignan period.1

The hoard in question was found within the perimeter of walls of the ‘manor house’; it wasmost probably secreted beneath the floor level of a room of the building.2 Though some of the

coins were dispersed by the blow of the pick, the location of its deposit is indicated clearly in thetrench books of that day’s excavation. The coins were sent to Germany for conservation and werethen deposited in the Cyprus Museum, in Nicosia, where Stahl examined them in June of 2006.

Upon examination, the coins found in the wall turned out to be remarkable and in many waysunprecedented (Pl. I, 1-4). There were 430 coins in all, including a few found in the immediatearea of the find that appeared to have been dispersed by the blow of the pick.3 Several of the coinshave a pattern of weaving etched into them that indicates that they were adjacent to cloth; it is thuslikely that the entire hoard was secreted in a cloth bag that was dissolved over the centuries. Allof the coins are of the same type, with a lion on the obverse and a cross on the reverse with pointsin the quadrants; the general type is consistent with medieval deniers of Lusignan Cyprus. Thecoins were so poorly struck that on none of them can the entire inscription be read on either side.

They are struck on blanks that are rather thick for medieval coins of this diameter and tend to beirregular rather than round in outline. Despite the indication in the notes of the original excavator


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ALAN M. STAHL, GERALD POIRIER & YAN NAO2

4 Find R.331, NM 232, found 30 June 1984.5 Metcalf 1998, pp. 120-21. The type, both as a billon coin and a copper

one, was first identified in Seltman 1968.6 The coins illustrated are in the collection of Andreas Pitsillides,

Nicosia.

7 Cf. Schlumberger 1878, pp. 194-6. Metcalf 1994, p. 212, discusses

them briefly in a paragraph headed ‘An emergency coinage in 1374-75?’,

citing Seltman’s 1968 notice.

that they appeared to be silver coins with a copper incrustation, after cleaning all appear to the eyeto be of pure copper.

The 1995 hoard of these coins is not the only find of this type. A coin found in an excavationat Polis in 1984, on another part of the site, appears to be of the same type (Pl. I, 5).4 However, de-spite the fact that it had crumbled into fragments, it appears to have been significantly better struckthan the hoard coins, with a full legend on a more fully circular blank. It also gives the appearanceof being billon rather than pure copper as in the hoard coins. In addition, two other hoards of theissue are known to have been found, if not actually published; a small one at Gastriá at the north-ern end of Famagusta Bay and a larger one near the Costanza bastion in Nicosia.5 There are also anumber of specimens in private collections, which may derive from one of these two hoards ( Pl.I, 6, 7).6 At least some of these collection coins are round and fully struck and appear to the eye to be billon rather than the copper of those from the 1995 Polis hoard.

When the copper hoard coins are compared to the billon Polis site find and the specimens in private collections, they seem to represent the same type. A common legend can be found on thecoins, one that identifies a king Peter of Jerusalem and Cyprus. The side with the lion reads: +PIЄR Є ROI DЄ, and that with the cross with points: + IЄRUSALЄM Є D Ch. The legend is in

French, which had replaced Latin in the legends of Lusignan coins in the reign of Henry II at the beginning of the fourteenth century.These coins would then seem to have been made in the name of either Peter I or Peter II Lusig-

nan, kings of Cyprus in the second half of the fourteenth century, but no such coins are listed in thestandard catalogue of crusader coinage.7 The only coin types commonly attributed to Peter I arelarge and small module silver gros, showing the crusading king seated with a sword and sceptre,with a reverse of the cross of Jerusalem with crosslets in the quadrants (Metcalf / Pitsillides 1996-2000, vol. 2, pp. 81-94). Similarly for Peter II the only known coins are gros, distinguishable bythe fact that this king, who was not a crusader, bears no sword (Metcalf / Pitsillides 1996-2000,vol. 2, pp. 101-114).

Rather than corresponding to the known coins in the name of Peter I or Peter II, the coins under

investigation seem to fit into the sequence of the deniers of Lusignan kings in terms both of theirsize and their type of a rampant lion on one side and a cross on the other. But no deniers have beenreported for either Peter, nor for the preceding king, Hugh IV. While the weights of the deniers ofthe earlier kings Hugh III and Henry II are concentrated in the range of 0.6 to 0.7 grams (Metcalf /Pitsillides 1996-2000, vol. 1, p. 104), those in the hoard from Polis are on the whole much lighter,clustering in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 grams (Fig. 1). The broad distribution of the weights of the Po-lis coins and the skewing to the heavy rather than light side suggests that weights were not tightlycontrolled nor were heavy coins culled at the mint or in circulation, consistent with a coinage ofnegligible intrinsic value.


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10 The same passage occurs in the chronicle of Bustron, another

sixteenth-century Venetian source: Bustron 1886, p. 339.11 Makhairas 1932, 1, pp. 449-551; cf. 2, p. 190, n. 555; Makhairas 1998,

1, p. 408.12 Sathas translates the phrase as ‘Nicolas, devenu maréchal,’ Makhairas

1882, 3, p. 320.13 Makhairas 1932, 1, pp. 446-47 and 570-71; Makhairas 1998, 1, pp.

330 and 422 (given on the latter page as σιρ Πολ Ουμαρàζ).14 See the table in Makhairas 1998, 2, pp. 265-308

by his many absences from Cyprus to raise support for these efforts. The reign of his son Peter IIwas initiated by the assassination of the Crusader king and was marked by fierce fighting betweenthe boy king’s dowager mother Eleanor of Aragon, his regent uncles John and James, and by theforces of Venice and Genoa vying for commercial dominance over the rich trade of the island.These events are known mainly from highly dramatic narrative sources; the few documents thatsurvive from the period are scattered in the archives of the Vatican and various European cities.The highlights of these accounts are the assassination of King Peter I in 1369, which they assignto agents of his brothers, and the assassination 1375 of his brother, the regent John, which is saidto have been the work of his widow Eleanor.

Two of the chronicle accounts have a reference that seems to speak directly to the minting ofthe coins in question. In the sixteenth-century Venetian chronicle of Amadi, the 1375 assassinationof the Prince Regent John at the behest of Queen Eleanor is attributed to a certain Paul the Marshal,about whom the chronicler notes that he was an astute man; he had money made of copper insteadof silver, with crosses with points: ‘Questa cosa si trattò con el conseglio de … messer Polo Marage, balio de la regina, che era homo astuto. Costui fece far moneta di rame in loco de arzento con lecroce pontite...’ (Amadi 1891, 1, p. 479).10 As the coins from the Polis hoard are the only ones of Cy-

prus from the later fourteenth century with points or dots in the crosses, it seems clear that these arethe ones alluded to. However, the chronicler introduces the subject of the coinage as a side remarkabout the individual in question and does not specifically tie it to the assassination or the year 1375.

Both of the sixteenth-century Venetian chronicles are compilations of earlier sources, relyingespecially on the more contemporary Greek-language one of Leontios Makhairas for the period inquestion. Frustratingly enough, the extant manuscripts of the chronicle of Makhairas are defectivein the very spot that the later authors appear to have drawn on for their notice about Paul the Mar-shal and the copper coins with points.11 The Marciana Library manuscript of Makhairas lacks anaccount of the assassination entirely, skipping from the moment when the regent enters the fatefuldining hall to meet the young king and his mother to an apparently unrelated account of how theyoung king gave a certain estate to a Venetian named Nicolo Zaccaria whom he chose to be the son-

in-law. The Oxford manuscript gives an account of the assassination but then also skips abruptlyto the gift to Zaccaria. To complicate matters, later in the same passage Makhairas refers to thisVenetian as Nicolo ‘Maritza’ using the Greek term for Marshal rather than as Nicolo Zaccaria.12

The individual identified in the later chronicles as having made the copper coins as well askilling the prince regent can probably be identified with the man who appears in two separate in-cidents in the Makhairas chronicle as Sir Paul the Marshal or perhaps Sir Paul Marshal – in Greekit is once ‘σιρ Πòλ Μαριτζα’ and once ‘σιρ Πóλου Μαρáζ’.13 In the first case he is identified as the‘εμπαλη της αùλης’ (bailiff of the household) of the queen in an incident that took place in Januaryof 1374, and in the later citation is reported to have committed suicide under torture by an enemyof the queen before April of 1376. The use of ‘σιρ’ gives us no useful information on his origin, asMakhairas uses the epithet interchangeably with ‘μεσιρ’ for individuals with Greek names as wellas those indicating French or Italian origin.14

The question of whether the term for Marshal used for this Paul indicates a formal of fice, aninformal epithet, or a family name is more problematic. In a passage near the beginning of hischronicle, Makhairas explains that the of fice of marshal, Μαριτζα, is one the of fices which are


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A PERPLEXING HOARD OF LUSIGNAN COINS FROM POLIS, CYPRUS 5

15 Makhairas 1932, 1, p. 78; cf. Edbury 1991, p. 182.16 Makhairas 1932, 1, pp. 96 and 128.17 Makhairas 1932, 1, p. 36.18 Makhairas 1932, 1, pp. 608 and 616

19 Makhairas 1932, 2, p. 190, n.155.20 Mas Latrie 1852, 1, pp. 363-64.21 Metcalf / Pitsillides 1996-2000.

taken when the King of Cyprus is crowned and are held for life, unlike those that the king couldrevoke.15 He is not specific whether this means the life of the king or of the of fice holder, but thefact that the of fices are assigned at the beginning of each reign implies the former. The use of thetitle Marshal for a single individual for each reign is borne out by the documentation supplied byMakhairas for holders of the of fice. During the reign of Peter I, John of Morphous is twice calledCount of Rouchas and Marshal of Cyprus (μαριτζâς της Κ úπρου).16 After the king’s assassination,he appears only as Count of Rouchas. In the reign of Peter II, the only man called Marshal of Cy- prus is Sir Eudes de Mimars, who appears as such in an incident of April 30, 1374, shortly beforethe murder of the Prince in 1375, the incident cited by the Venetian chroniclers in connection tothe minting of copper coinage.17 One of the nobles who chose James, the uncle of Peter II, as thenext king in 1382 was Guy de la Baume; when James arrived in Cyprus he named Guy Marshal ofCyprus and of Jerusalem, a title that he bore until his death shortly after that of James. 18

The Paul identified as minting the coins is not identified in any source specifically as Marshalof Cyprus, his first name is followed by Marage in the Venetian texts and Μαριτζα and Μαρáζ inthe Greek. This must then have been an epithet or his family name rather than an of ficial title. Theof fice given for him by Makhairas is ‘εμπαλη της αùλης’, bailiff or steward of the court. This is a

term that appears with the names of a wide range of individuals in this chronicle and seems justto imply someone in charge of something. Paul Marshal can be seen then to have been an indi-vidual in the personal retinue of Queen Eleanor who acted on her behalf in battles with her manyenemies. The references to him are all between 1374 and 1376, during the period of anarchy thatfollowed murder of Peter I in 1369.

The identity of the Venetian Nicolo Zaccaria, who according to Makhairas was designated to be someone’s son-in-law immediately after the murder of the Prince in 1375 and then is called Nicolo Maritza, presents even more problems. Dawkins explained the situation as his having beengiven the daughter of Paul Marshal in marriage as well as an estate, perhaps as a reward for his rolein the murder of the Prince.19 The unlikely phenomenon of a Venetian noble changing his name tothat of his Cypriot father-in-law might possibly be related to the circumstance that all Venetians

were ordered to leave Cyprus in 1374 because of the anarchic conditions there, except for thosetermed ‘albus’ or white, meaning they had settled there.20

So as Paul Marshal can be connected only with the personal retinue of Queen Eleanor in the period1369 to 1376, the copper coins appear to have been minted on her behalf. The Pierre named on themwould have been her son Peter II. This leaves the question of the billon issue of similar type and legend,which fits more readily into the normal denier coinage of Cyprus, though is so rare as to have escapednumismatic notice until recent times. Its rarity suggests that it was a relatively short issue driven outof circulation by the introduction of the copper one of the same types. A reasonable scenario is that the billon coinage was issued by Peter II, or in his name by the regent Prince John, in the years after themurder of his father, and that Queen Eleanor had a copy minted in copper either as an outright coun-terfeit or for some emergency payments. The time for both issues would be between 1369 and 1376.

The copper coinage clearly became notorious, as evidenced by its specific mention in chroniclesand by the lack of it or its billon prototype in later hoards. However, the discovery of a hoard of the coin-age hidden beneath the floor of a building in Polis suggests that in the context of the anarchy followingthe murder of Peter I, even such base imitative coins were worth concealing for possible future use.


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Appendix – the coin analyses

The Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Imaging and Analysis Centerreceived 16 coins for the analysis of silver content. All 16 coins were analyzed by Poirier and Yaousing conventional spectroscopy and crystallographic techniques. Instruments used in the processwere the Center’s FEI field emission scanning electron microscope XL30 model, with an EVEX

x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer, a Rigaku minflex x-ray diffractometer as well as a Brukerhigh resolution x-ray diffractometer. The energy dispersive spectrometer that was employed useda 15kev beam and had a penetration depth of approximately one micron and also a beam of 5 kevwas used with a penetration depth of .2 micron. Both acceleration voltages were used to ensure thespectral data was consistence from the surface of the sample to a 1 micron depth. Both the 5 Kevand 15 Kev spectral data were used in the analysis of the elemental composition. All but coins 13through 16 showed the presence of a silver (Ag) La spectral line at 2.984 Kev.

X-ray crystallography was performed to provide an addition and reinforcing method of analy-sis. X-ray patterns were collected using a standard theta 2theta technique from 20 degrees to 70degrees 2theta. The patterns were analyzed using the international crystallography database forthe presence of silver. The results were consistent with the energy dispersive spectrometer data.Again, coins 13 thru 16 shows the absence of a peak at 64.27 degrees 2 theta which is the 220 facecenter cubic peak for silver.

Coin results (NB these are surface measures on uncleaned coins)

1. Cyprus, Henry I, 1218-53, denier, Corpus,21 1, pl. 25, 4, 0.44 gr., Ag = 23.7%.

2. Cyprus, Hugh III, 1267-1289, denier, Corpus, 1, pl. 28, 1, 0.45 gr., Ag = 65.2%.

3. Cyprus, Hugh III, 1267-1289, denier, Corpus, 1, pl. 28, 6, 0.45 gr., Ag = 62.9%.

4. Cyprus, Henry II, 1285-1324, denier, Corpus, 1, pl. 29, 7, 0.50 gr., Ag = 36.5%.

5. Cyprus, Henry II, 1285-1324, denier, Corpus, 1, pl. 29, 9, 0.48 gr., Ag = 32.2%.6. Cyprus, Henry II, 1285-1324, denier, Corpus, 1, pl. 29, 2, 0.39 gr., Ag = 76.1%.

7. Cyprus, Peter II, 1369-1382, denier, Corpus, cf. pl. 32, 13, 0.39 gr., Ag = 66.1%. (Pl. I, 8)

8. Cyprus, James I, 1382-98, denier (cartzia), Corpus, 3, pl. 31, 3, 0.38 gr., Ag = 23.7%.

9. Cyprus, James I, 1382-98, denier (cartzia), Corpus, 3, pl. 31, 1, 0.52 gr., Ag = 5.2%.

10. Cyprus, Famagusta under Genoese occupation, 1373-1464, denier, Corpus, 3, pl. 34, 4,0.44 gr., Ag = 41.1%.

11. Cyprus, anonymous denier (cartzia), c. 1390-1420, Corpus, 3, pl. 32, 1, 0.52 gr., Ag = 63.7%.

12. Cyprus, Janus, 1398-1432, denier (carzia), Corpus, 3, pl. 6, 0.52 gr., Ag = 65.7%.

13. Cyprus, Peter II, 1369-1382, imitation denier, Corpus, pl. 32, 13, 0.57 gr., Ag = 0%. (Pl. I, 9)

14. Cyprus, Peter II, 1369-1382, imitation denier,Corpus, pl. 32, 13, 0.42 gr., Ag = 1.0%. (Pl. I, 10)




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A PERPLEXING HOARD OF LUSIGNAN COINS FROM POLIS, CYPRUS 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Amadi (1891), Chroniques d’Amadi et de Strambaldi (Mas Latrie, R. de, ed.), Collections dedocuments inédits sur l’histoire de France; Ser. 1, Histoire Politique, Paris.

Bustron, F. (1886), Chronique de l’île de Chypre par Florio Bustron (Mas Latrie, R. de, ed.), in : Mélanges Historique, Choix de Documents, vol. 5, Collection des documents inédits sur l’histoirede France, vol. 82, Paris.

Edbury, P.W. (1991), The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374, Cambridge.

Makhairas, L. (1882), Chronique de Chypres (Miller, E. / Sathas, C., eds. and trans.), Publicationsde l’École des langues orientales vivantes, ser. 2, vol. 2 (Greek text) & 3 (French trans.), Paris.

Makhairas, L. (1932), Recital concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled ‘Chronicle’ , (Dawkins, R.M., ed. and trans.), 2 vols., Oxford.

Makhairas, L. (1998), Édition critique et traduction française annotée du manuscrit de Venise dela Chronique de Leontios Machairas, (Cevellin-Chevallier, I., ed. and trans.), 2 vols., Villeneuve

d’Ascq.Mas Latrie, L. de (1852), Histoire de l’Île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la Maison de Lusignan, 2, Documents et mémoires servant de preuves à l’histoire de l’Île de Chypre sous lesLusignan, 1ère partie, Documents, Paris.

Metcalf, D.M. (1995), Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East in the Ashmolean MuseumOxford , 2nd ed., London.

Metcalf, D.M. (2000), ‘The currency of Lusignan Cyprus in the years around 1400 in the light of acoin hoard excavated at Polis’, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 2000, pp. 241-84.

Metcalf. D.M. / Pitsillides, A.G. (1996-2000), Corpus of Lusignan Coinage, 3 vols., Cyprus Re-

search Center, Texts and Studies of the History of Cyprus, 19, 21, 25, Nicosia.Seltman, A.J. (1968), ‘A copper coinage of Peter II of Cyprus’, Numismatic Circular 76, pp. 35-36; rpt. in Numismatic Report (Nicosia) 3 (1972), pp. 35-36.

Schlumberger, G. (1878), Numismatique de l’Orient Latin, Paris.

KEY TO PLATE I

1. Polis Hoard NM 958, 0.68 gr.2. Polis Hoard NM 1005, 0.69 gr.3. Polis Hoard NM 1246, 0.96 gr.

4. Polis Hoard NM 1260, 0.61 gr.5. Polis Excavation NM 232, fragmentary.6. Pitsillides 1, 0.49 gr.7. Pitsillides 2, 0.64 gr.8. Princeton 7, 0.39 gr.9. Princeton 13, 0.57 gr.10. Princeton 14, 0.42 gr.11. Princeton 15, 0.48 gr.12. Princeton 16, 0.63 gr.


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PLATE I

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus / Alan M. Stahl, Gerald Poirier & Yan Nao

Documents

Transcript of A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus / Alan M. Stahl, Gerald Poirier & Yan Nao