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Code No: 3220103 Set No. 1

II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) What is critical flow? Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a givenvalue of specific energy.

(b) The specific energy for a 6 m wide rectangular channel is to be 5 kg-m/kg.If the rate of flow of water through the channel is 24 m3/s. Determine thealternate depths of flow. [8+8]

2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangularcross - section having base width equal to 5 m and laid at a slope of 1 in 100. Itis desired to obtain critical flow in the channel by providing a hump in the bed.Calculate hump height and sketch the flow profile. Consider the value of Manningsrugosity coefficient n = 0.02 for the channel surface. [16]

3. Prove that the resistance F of a sphere of diameter d moving at a constant speedν through a fluid of density ρ and dynamic viscosity µ may be expressed as F =µ2

ρφ

[

vdρ

µ

]

. [16]

4. (a) Define the term: impact of jets. Obtain an expression for the force exerted bya jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the direction of the jet.

(b) Find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 100mm on a stationaryflat plate, when the jet strikes the plate normally with a velocity of 30m/sec.

[8+8]

5. A Francis turbine having an overall efficiency of 75% is required to give 200kwunder a head of 9m when running at 120 rpm. The velocity of periphery of thewheel and the velocity of flow at inlet are 3.47

√

H and 1.15√

H respectively. Ifthe hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the available energy, find

(a) Guide blade angle at inlet

(b) Wheel vane angles at the inlet and out let and

(c) diameter of the wheel at inlet and outlet. [16]

6. (a) A model turbine 1m in diameter acting under a head of 2m runs at 150 rpm.Estimate the scale ratio if the prototype develops 20 KW under a head of 225m with a specific speed of 100.

(b) What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitation in turbines?[10+6]

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7. (a) What is meant by priming of a centrifugal pump? What are the differentpriming arrangements employed for small and big pumping units?

(b) A centrifugal pump works against a head of 30 m and discharges 0.25 m3/swhile running at 1000 rpm. The velocity of flow at the outlet is 3 m/s and thevane angle at outlet is 300. Determine the diameter and width of impeller atoutlet if the hydraulic efficiency is 80 per cent. [8+8]

8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of35,000kW. Two turbo-generators of capacities 22,000kW each have been installed.Calculate

(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

(b) Plant factor

(c) Maximum demand

(d) Load factor. [16]

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1. (a) Derive the condition for the best side slope of the most economical trapezoidalchannel.

(b) Design a concrete lined channel to carry a discharge of 500 cumecs at a slope of1 in 4000. The side slopes of the channel may be taken as 1:1. The Manning’sroughness coefficient for the lining is 0.014. Assume permissible velocity inthe section as 2.5 m/s [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the criterion for critical state of flow. Derive the expression?.

(b) In a flow through a rectangular channel for a certain discharge the Froudenumbers corresponding to the alternate depths are F1 and F2. Show that(

F1

F2

)2/3

=(2+F

2

2 )(2+F

2

1). [8+8]

3. Assuming that the viscous force F exerted by a fluid on a sphere of diameter Ddepends on the viscosity µ, mass density of the fluid “ρ”, and the velocity of thesphere ν, obtain and expression for the viscous force. [16]

4. A jet of water having a velocity of 40m/sec strikes a curved vane, which is movingwith a velocity of 20m/sec. The jet makes an angle of 300 with the direction ofmotion of the vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 900 to the direction of motionof the vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determinethe vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the water enters and leaves the vanewithout shock. [16]

5. (a) Draw a neat diagram of a reaction turbine and explain its working. State theequations for power produced and efficiency.

(b) Explain any two types of draft tubes with neat diagrams. [8+8]

6. (a) A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of90 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92%. Find the water consumption and thespecific speed. If a model of scale 1: 30 is constructed to operate under a headof 8m what must be its speed, power and water consumption to run under theconditions similar to prototype.

(b) What are the constant head characteristic curves of a turbine? What is theuse to develop them? [10+6]

7. (a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugalpump.

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(b) The water is to be pumped out of a deep well under a total head of 90m. Anumber of identical pumps of design speed 1000 rpm and specific speed 900rpm with a rated capacity of 150 lps are available. How many pumps will berequired and how should they be connected ? [8+8]

8. Explain in detail about high head diversion power plants along with its components?[16]

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1. (a) What do you mean by most economical section of a channel. What are theconditions for the rectangular channel of the best section?

(b) Determine the dimensions of the most economical trapezoidal earth-lined chan-nel (Manning-s n = 0.02) to carry 14 m3/s at a slope of 4 in 10,000. [8+8]

2. Water flows at a steady and uniform depth of 2 m in an open channel of rectangularcross - section having base width equal to 5 m and laid at a slope of 1 in 100. Itis desired to obtain critical flow in the channel by providing a hump in the bed.Calculate hump height and sketch the flow profile. Consider the value of Manningsrugosity coefficient n = 0.02 for the channel surface. [16]

3. The resisting torque T against the motion of a shaft in a lubricated bearing dependson the viscosity µ, the rotational speed N the diameter D and the bearing pressure

intensity p. Show that T = µ ND3φ(

p

µN

)

. [16]

4. A jet of water having a velocity of 60m/sec is deflected by a vane moving at 25m/secin a direction at 300 to the direction of jet. The water leaves the vane normally tothe motion of the vane. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and find outthe vane angles for no shock at entry and exit. Take the relative velocity at theexit as 0.8 times the relative velocity at the entrance. [16]

5. A Pelton wheel working under a head of 500m has an overall efficiency of 85% andruns at 400 rpm, and developes 7000 kw of power. Taking the bucket speed as 0.47times the jet speed and assuming Cv = 0.97, find

(a) The wheel diameter and

(b) The jet diameter. [16]

6. (a) Where is servo meter used in governing mechanism of turbines? Explain itsuse?

(b) A Kaplan turbine is to develop 2400 KW when running at 240 rpm under anet head of 49m. In order to predict its performance a model of scale 1:5 istested under a net head of 25m. At what speed should the model run andwhat power would it develop. Determine the discharge in the model and infull scale turbine if the overall efficiency of the model is 85%. [8+8]

7. (a) What is meant by priming of a centrifugal pump? What are the differentpriming arrangements employed for small and big pumping units?

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(b) A centrifugal pump works against a head of 30 m and discharges 0.25 m3/swhile running at 1000 rpm. The velocity of flow at the outlet is 3 m/s and thevane angle at outlet is 300. Determine the diameter and width of impeller atoutlet if the hydraulic efficiency is 80 per cent. [8+8]

8. When a run-of-river plant operates as a peak load station with a weekly load factorof 20%, all its capacity is firm capacity. What will be the minimum flow in theriver so that the station may serve as the base load station?. It is given that Ratedinstalled capacity of generator = 10,000kWOperating head = 15mPlant efficiency = 80%Estimate the daily load factor of the plant, if the stream flow is 15cumec. [16]

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1. (a) Derive the condition for depth of flow of a most economical circular channelsection subject to the condition for maximum velocity.

(b) Water flows in a channel of the shape of isosceles triangle of bed width ‘a’andsides making an. angle of 450 with the bed. Determine the relation betweendepth of flow d., and the bed width ‘a’ for maximum velocity and for maximumdischarge condition. Use Manning’s formula and note that d is less than 0.5a. [8+8]

2. (a) Define specific force in open channel applying momentum principle, obtain anexpression for specific force.

(b) A trapezoidal channel of bed width 6m and side slopes 1:1, carries a uniformflow of 25m3/s.

i. Plot a specific energy curve and find the value of critical depth and min-imum specific energy.

ii. Calculate the alternate depths and their corresponding Froude’s numberfor a specific energy of 2.5m

iii. Determine the depth alternate to 1.5m

iv. Determine the type of flow for y=0.5m and y=2.5m. [8+8]

3. The resistance R, to the motion of a completely submerged body is given by R =

ρv2ℓ2φ(

vℓγ

)

.where ρ and g are the density and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid

while l is the length of the body and v is the velocity of flow. If the resistance tothe motion of a one-eight scale air ship model when tested in water at 12 metresper second is 22 kg, what will be the resistance to the motion in air of the airshipat the corresponding speed? Kinematic viscosity of air is 13 times that of waterand density of water is 810 times that of air. [16]

4. A jet of water moving at 12m/sec impinges on vane shaped to deflect the jet through1200 when stationary. If the vane is moving at 5m/sec, find the angle of the jet sothat there is no shock at inlet. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at exit inmagnitude and direction and the work done per second? Assume that the vane issmooth. [16]

5. Obtain an expression to the work done per second by water on the runner of aPelton wheel. Hence derive an expression for maximum efficiency of the Peltonwheel giving the relationship between the jet speed and the bucket speed. [16]

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6. (a) A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of90 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92%. Find the water consumption and thespecific speed. If a model of scale 1: 30 is constructed to operate under a headof 8m what must be its speed, power and water consumption to run under theconditions similar to prototype.

(b) What are the constant head characteristic curves of a turbine? What is theuse to develop them? [10+6]

7. (a) How will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a cen-trifugal pump.

(b) A centrifugal pump with 1.2m diameter runs at 200 rpm and pumps 880 litresper second, the average lift being 6m. The angle which the vanes make atexit with the tangent to the impeller is 260 and the radial velocity of flow is2.5 m/s. Determine the manometric efficiency and the least speed to startpumping against a head of 6m, the inner diameter of the impeller being 0.6m. [8+8]

8. The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000kW to a maximum of35,000kW. Two turbo-generators of capacities 22,000kW each have been installed.Calculate

(a) Total installed capacity of the plant

(b) Plant factor

(c) Maximum demand

(d) Load factor. [16]

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Code No: 3220204

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II

( Electrical and Electronics Engineering )

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks

* * * * * *

1. (a) State and Explain the Principle of operation and constructional details of single-phase

transformer.

(b) A 1 – phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 1200 turns in the Secondary.

The cross – sectional area of the core is 80 sq.cm. If the primary winding is connected to

a 50 HZ supply at 500 V, Calculate (i) peak flux density and (ii) Voltage induced in the

Secondary.

2. (a) How does a transformer can be resolved into an equivalent circuit?

(b) A 600 KVA, 1- Phase transformer when working at u.p.f has an efficiency of 92% at

full load and also at half-load. Determine its efficiency when it operates at unity p.f and

full load.

3. (a) Explain the requirements for parallel operation of 1 – phase transformers.

(b) Two 1 – phase transformers A and B rated at 250 KVA each are operated in parallel

on both sides. Percentage impedances for A and B are (1 + j6) and (1.2 + j 4.8)

respectively. Compute the load shared by each when the total load is 500 KVA at 0.8 p.f

lagging.

4. Discuss various possible poly phase connections in poly phase transformers.

5. (a) Obtain the expression for slip and frequency of rotor current.

(b) A 4 – pole, 3 – phase induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency is 50

HZ. Calculate.

(i) The speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating.

(ii) The speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04

(iii) The frequency of the rotor currents when the slip is 0.03

(iv) The frequency of the rotor currents at stand still.

SET - 1

Code No: 3220204

6. (a) Show that when a 3 – phase supply is given to the stator winding of induction motor,

it produces a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude and rotating at synchronous

speed.

(b) A 12 – pole, 3 – phase induction motor is fed from 100HZ supply. If the frequency of

rotor e.m.f at full load is 5HZ, find the full–load speed and percentage slip.

7. Discuss the no load test and blocked rotor test conducted in 3-phase induction motors.

8. Write short notes on the following

a) Double field revolving theory

b) capacitor start and run motor.

SET - 1

Code No: 3220204







* * * * * *

1. (a) Derive the e.m.f equation of a 1 – phase transformer.

(b) A 3000 / 200 V, 50 HZ, 1 – phase transformer is built on a core having an effective

cross – sectional area of 150 cm2 and has 80 turns in the low voltage winding. Calculate

(i) the value of the maximum flux density in the core.

(ii) the number of turns in the high voltage winding.

2. (a) Obtain the equivalent circuit of a 1 – phase transformer.

(b) A 600 KVA, 1 – phase transformer has an efficiently of 92% both at full load and half

load at unity power factor. Determine its efficiency at 60% of full load at 0.8 p.f lag.

3. A 230 V/230 V, 3 KVA transformer gave the following results:

O.C test : 230 V, 2A, 100 W

S.C test: 15 V, 13 A, 120 W

Determine the regulation and efficiency at full load 0.8 p.f lagging.

4. Discuss the production of rotating magnetic field in 3 – phase induction motors.

5. A 3 – phase, 50 HZ transformer has a delta – connected primary and star – connected

secondary, the line voltages being 22000 V and 400 V respectively. The secondary has a

star connected balanced load at 0.8 p.f lagging.

6. (a) Discuss various power stages in induction motor

(b) A 3 – phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50 HZ system.

Calculate (i) the synchronous speed (ii) the rotor speed. When slip is 4% and (iii) rotor

frequency when rotor runs at 600 rpm.

7. (a) Discuss the working of rotor resistance starter.

(b) Discuss the speed control methods of induction motor by pole changing and

frequency changing

8. Write short notes no the following


b) Capacitor start and run 1- phase induction motor

SET - 2

Code No: 3220204







* * * * * *

1. a) Explain the Principle of operation of of single phase transformer.

b) The number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of a 1-phase transformer

are 350 and 35 respectively. If the primary is connected to a 2.2 KV, 50HZ supply,

Determine the secondary voltage on no-load.

2. a) Obtain the total equivalent circuit of a 1- phase transformer

b) In a 25KVA, 2000/200 V, 1- phase transformer the iron and load full load copper

losses are 350 and 400W respectively. Calculate the efficiency at unity p.f on

i) Full load ii) half full load.

3. a) Discuss the condition for parallel operation of 1- phase transformers.

b) Two 1- phase transformers with equal turns have impedances of (0.5+j3)ohm and

(0.6 +j 10) ohm with respect to the secondary. If they operate in parallel, determine how

they will share a total load of 100 KW at p.f 0.8 lagging.

4. Explain the Scott connection or T-T connection for 3-phase to 2-phase to transformation.

5. How does a rotating magnetic field set up in a 3- phase induction motor to rotate the

motor. Explain.

6. a) Derive the expression for torque developed in Induction motor .

b) The power input to rotor of a 440V, 50HZ, 3-phase 12pole Induction motor is 75W.

The rotor e.m.f has a frequency of 2 Hz. Calculate. i) slip ii) rotor speed iii) rotor copper

loss iv) mechanical power developed .

7. a) Explain the operation of Star Delta starter with a neat sketch .

b) How the cascade connection helps in controlling the speed of an Induction motor?

Explain.

8. Write short notes on the following.

a) Capacitor start and run 1- phase Induction motor

b) Blocked Rotor Test.

SET - 3

Code No: 3220204







* * * * * *

1. a) Obtain e.f.m. equation of a transformer from the fundamentals.

b) A 1-phase transformer has 500 primary and 1200 secondary turns . The net cross

section area the core is 75 sq.cm. If the primary winding be connected to a 400V ,50HZ

supply. Calculate

i) The peak value of flux density in the core and ii)Voltage induced in the secondary

winding

2. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a 1-phase transformer.

b) A 1-phase transformer, working at unity p.f has an efficiency of 90% at both half load

and a full-load of 500KW. Determine the efficiency at 75% of full-load.

3. Explain the O.C and S.C test for 1-phase transformers.

4. Discuss the Open-delta and Scott connections in 3-phase transformers.

5. Explain the term slip in 3 – phase induction motors and explain the torque –slip

Characteristics of induction motors

6. Explain the power stages of a 3 – phase induction motor and deduce the relationship

between copper loss, mechanical power developed and air gap power of an

Induction motor.

7. Explain the importance of NO-load test and Blocked rotor tests in 3- phase induction

motors. How they are conducted?

8. Write short notes no the following


b) Star-Delta starter

SET - 4

Code No: 3220304

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009 FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

( Mechanical Engineering )




* * * * * *

1. (a) The specific gravity of a liquid is 3.0, what are its specific weight, specific

mass and specific volume?

(b) A body weighing 45 kg with a flat surface area of 930 cm2

slides down lubricated

inclined plane making a 30° angle with the horizontal. For viscosity of 1 poise and

body speed of 3 m/sec, determine the lubricant film thickness.

2. (a) Define and distinguish between streamline, path line and streak line

(b) State and derive Bernoulli’s theorem, mentioning clearly the assumption

underlying it.

3. Derive an expression for mean velocity for laminar flow (i) through pipe; (ii) between

parallel plates.

4. (a) Define the terms: (a) Impact of jets, and (b) Jet propulsion.

(b) Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate

in the direction of the jet.

5. What are the uses of draft tube? Describe with neat sketches different types of draft

tubes.

6. (a) What is the basis of selection of a turbine at a particular place?

(b) What are unit quantities? Define the unit quantities for turbine.

7. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the

rate of 1 m3/s under a head of 270 m. the buckets deflect the jet through an angle of

170°. Calculate the power delivered to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the

turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity at 0.98.

8. Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump with

neat sketches.

SET - 1

Code No: 3220304






* * * * * *

1. (a) If 5.27 cm3 of a certain oil weighs 4482 kg, calculate the specific weight,

mass density and specific gravity of the oil.

(b) Calculate the capillary effect in millimeters in a glass tube of 4 mm diameter, when

immersed in (i) water, and (ii) mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 20° C and the

values of the surface tension of water and mercury at 20° C in contact with air are

0.073575 N/m and 0.51 N/m respectively. The angle of contact for water is zero that for

mercury 1.30°. Take density of water at 20°C as equal to 998 kg/m3.

2. (a) Define and distinguish between (a) steady and unsteady flow, (b) uniform

and non-uniform flow, (c) rotational and irrotational flow.

(b) A 30 cm X 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in vertical pipe carrying water, flowing in

the upward direction. A differential mercury manometer connected to the inlet and

throat gives a reading of 20 cm. find the discharge. Take Cd = 0.98

3. (a) An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300

mm at the rate of 500 liters/s. Find the head lost due to friction and power required to

maintain the flow for a length of 1000 m. Take ν = 0.29 stokes.

(b) What do you understand by the terms: major energy loss and minor energy losses in

pipes?

4. A bend in pipeline conveying water gradually reduces from 60 cm to 30 cm diameter

and deflects the flow through angle of 60°. At the larger end the gauge pressure is 1.75

kg/cm2. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the bend, (a)

when there is no flow, (b) when the flow is 876 liters per sec.

5. (a) How will you classify the turbines?

(b) Differentiate between turbines and pumps.

6. What do you understand by the characteristics curves of turbine? Name

the important characteristics of a turbine.

SET - 2

Code No: 3220304

7. Differentiate: (i) between a single acting and double acting reciprocating pump, (ii)

between a single cylinder and double cylinder reciprocating pump.

8. Draw and discuss the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump

SET - 2

Code No: 3220304






* * * * * *

1. (a) What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic

viscosity? State their units of measurements.

(b) A U- tube mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure of oil flowing

through a pipe whose specific gravity is 0.85. The center of the pipe is 15 cm below the

level of mercury. The mercury level difference in the manometer is 25 cm, determine

the absolute pressure of the oil flowing through the pipe. Atmospheric pressure is 750

mm of Hg.

2. (a) What is meant by one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-

dimensional flows?

(b) The water is flowing through a taper of length 100 m having diameters 600 mm at

the upper end and 300 mm at the lower end, at the rate of 50 liters/s. The pipe has a

slope of 1 in 30. Find the pressure at the lower end if the pressure at the higher level is

19.62 N/cm2.

3. (a) What do you mean by viscous flow.

(b) Water is flowing through a pipe of 5 cm diameter under a pressure of 29.43 N/cm2

(gauge) and with mean velocity of 2.0 m/s. Find the total head or total energy per unit

weight of the water at a cross section, which is 5 m above the datum line.

4. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a fixed plate

in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 60°. Find the force exerted

by the jet on the plate (i) in the direction normal to the plate, and (ii) in the direction of

the jet.

5. (a) Explain briefly the principles on which a Kaplan turbine works.

(b) Explain the different types of the efficiency of a turbine

6. (a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine.

(b) Draw a neat sketch of Pelton turbine and Francis turbine.

SET - 3

Code No: 3220304

7. (a) How will you classify the reciprocating pumps?

(b) Define slip, percentage slip and negative slip of reciprocating pump.

8. What do you mean by manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall

efficiency of centrifugal pump.

SET - 3

Code No: 3220304






* * * * * *

1. (a) What is the difference between U-tube differential manometers and

inverted U-tube differential manometers? Where are they used.

(b) A plate, 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 50 cm/s and

requires a force of 1.471 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity

between the plates in the poise.

2. (a) Differentiate between forced vortex and free vortex flow.

(b) Water flow through a pipe AB 1.2 m diameter at 3 m/s and then passes through a

pipe BC 1.5 m diameter. At C, the pipe branches. Branch CD is 0.8 m in diameter and

carries one-third of the flow in AB. The flow velocity in branch CE is 2.5 m/s. Find the

volume rate of flow in AB, the velocity in BC, the velocity in CD and diameter of CE.

3. (a) Write the assumptions made in the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation

(b) Calculate: (a) the pressure gradient along flow, (b) the average velocity, and (c) the

discharge for an oil of viscosity 0.02 Ns/m2 flowing between two stationary parallel

plates 1 m wide maintained 10 mm apart. The velocity midway between the plates is

2m/s.

4. A jet of water of diameter 100 mm moving with a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a curved

fixed symmetrical plate at the center. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the

direction of the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120° at the outlet of the

curved plate.

5. What is a surge tank and a forebay and what are their functions? Describe with neat

sketches different types of surge tanks.

6. (a) Differentiate between an inward and an outward flow reaction turbine.

(b) What is specific speed? State its significance in the study of hydraulic

machines.

SET - 4

Code No: 3220304

7. What is a reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of reciprocating

pump with a neat sketch. Why is reciprocating pump not coupled directly to the motor?

Discuss the reason in detail.

8. Define indicator diagram. How will you prove that area of indicator diagram is

proportional to the work done by the reciprocating pump.

SET - 4

Code No: 3220404

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations April/May 2009 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES

( Electronics and Communications Engineering )




* * * * * *

1. a) Derive Poisson’s and Laplace equations.

b) A point charge of 3nc is on the z-axis 2m away from the orgin.Find the result V and E

(8+8)

2. a) Define and explain the Biot- Savarts law. Hence obtain the field due to a straight

current carrying filamentary conductor of finite length.

b) Given E=Em Sin (ωt-βz)ay in free space, find D,B and H (8+8)

3. a) Derive the boundary conditions for the tangential and normal components of

Electrostatic fields at the boundary between two perfect dielectrics.

b) In a medium of µ r=2, find E, B and displacement current density if H=25 Sin(2x108

t

+6X)Y mA/m. (8+8)

4. a) Find all the relations between E and H in a uniform plane wave. Find the value of

intrinsic impedence of free space.

b) Explain the terms linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization.

(8+8)

5. a) Derive an expression for reflection when a wave is incident on a dielectric obliquely

with parallel polarization.

b) State and prove pointing theorem. (8+8)

6. For a parallel plane wave guide of 3cm separation, determine all the propagation

characteristics for a signal at 10 GHz for i)TE 10 waves ii) TEM waves (8+8)

7. a) Derive the expression for the input impedance of a loss-less line. Hence evaluate ZSC

and Z OC and sketch their variation with line length.

b) What is meant by inductive loading? What are its advantages and disadvantages.

(8+8)

8. a) Explain the significance and utility of λ/8, λ/4 and λ/2 lines.

b) Explain the principle of impedance matching with quarter wave transformer. (8+8)

SET - 1

Code No: 3220404






* * * * * *

1. a) Define and distinguish between the terms electric field, electric displacement and

electric flux density with necessary mathematical relations.

b) A charge of 8 nc is distributed uniformly along a line of length 8m. Find the field

intensity at radial distance of 2m from the centre of the line assuming air medium. (8+8)

2. a) State Ampere’s circuital law.Specify the conditions to be met for determining

magnetic field strength H, based on Ampere’s circuital law.

b) Derive an expression for magnetic field intensity at a radial distance R due to an

infinite conductor carrying a current I (8+8)

3. a) What are the transformer and motional electromotive forces (emfs)in the context of

Faraday’s law.

b) In a medium characterized by σ = 0, µ=µο,ε =ε0 and E=20 sin(108 t-βz)ay v/m.

Calculate β and H using Maxwell’s equations. (8+8)

4. a) For the wave propagation in good dielectrics, derive the expression for intrinsic

impedence of a good dielectric

b) Derive the expression for skin depth of a good conductor (10+6)

5. a) For the case of reflection by a perfect dielectric with oblique incidence, explain the two

possible polarizations with appropriate sketches and explain the snells laws.

b) Define poynting theorem (12+4)

6. a) Explain the significance of TEM waves in parallel plane guide. Derive an expression

for the attenuation factor for TEM waves

b)Explain the factors on which cut off frequency of a parallel plate wave guide depend

(8+8)

SET - 2

Code No: 3220404

7. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a two wire transmission line.

b) List out the applications of a transmission lines.

c) Define input impedance of a transmission line and derive the expression for it. (5+5+6)

8. a) What is the significance of standing wave ratio in a transmission line. Calculate the

reflection coefficient and VSWR for a 50Ω line terminated with i) Matched load ii)

short circuit

iii) +j75Ω load iv) –j75Ω load

b) Explain why short circuited stubs are preferred over open circuited stubs. (10+6)

SET - 2

Code No: 3220404






* * * * * *

1. a) State the Coulomb’s law in SI units and indicate the parameters used in the equation.

b) Three equal positive charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle with a

side of ‘d’ meters. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the point

bisecting each side of the equilateral triangle. (8+8)

2. a) Define magnetic flux density and vector magnetic potential.

b) In free space D= 5.0 sin(ωt-βz) ax. Find B using Maxwell’s equations. (8+8)

3. a) Explain the equation of continuity for time varying fields.

b)Starting from first principle derive Maxwell’s equation using Faraday’s law and show

that div B=0 (8+8)

4. a) Prove that in a uniform plane wave propagation in X-direction has no longitudinal

components of electric and magnetic fields.

b)Obtain the expression for surface impedance of conductor in terms of skin depth (8+8)

5. a)Define reflection and transmission coefficient of plane wave.

b) A plane wave travelling in free space has an average poynting vector of 5 watts/m2

Find the average energy density. (8+8)

6. What are the field components for TE waves .Derive them and draw the sketches for

TE10 mode. (16)

7. a) List out types of transmission lines and draw their schematic diagrams.

b) Determine the reflection coefficient when i) ZL =Z0 ii) Z L =Short circuit

iii) ZL= open circuit. Also find out the magnitude of reflection coefficient when ZL is

purely reactive. (8+8)

8. Write a detailed note on double stub matching on a line using smith chart (16)

SET - 3

Code No: 3220404






* * * * * *

1. a) Explain the following terms.

i) Homogeneous and isotropic medium and

ii) Line, surface and volume charge distributions

b)What is the electric field intensity at a distance of 20cm from a charge of 0.2 micro

coulombs in a vacuum (8+8)

2. a) Define Lorentz force equation and explain its significance.

b) A circular loop of 3 units radius is centered at the origin in z=0 plane and carries a D.C

current of 10 mA, along φ direction. Find the magnetic flux density at (0, 0, ± 4). (8+8)

3. a) Derive Maxwell’s equations in integral form and differential form for time varying

fields.

b) Two magnetic materials with relative permeabilities 500 and 300 are separated by a

plane boundary . The magnetic field in the first material makes an angle of 30 degrees

with a normal to the plane boundary. Find the corresponding angle in the second material.

(8+8)

4. a) What is meant by polarization of a wave? Explain.

b) Derive the expression for attenuation and phase constants of uniform plane wave

(8+8)

5. a) Define the significance and applications of poynting theorem.

b) Explain the utility of pointing vector. If the peak pointing vector in free space is

10N/m2, find the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields. (8+8)

6. a) Starting from Maxwell’s equations, derive the expressions for the E and H field

components for TE waves in a parallel plane wave guide.

b)Define and explain the significance of following terms i) wave impedence ii) Phase and

group velocities. (8+8)

SET - 4

Code No: 3220404

7. a) What are primary constants? Explain the features of primary constants.

b) Find the characteristic impedance of a line at 1600Hz, if the following measurements

have been made on the at 1600 Hz, Zoc = 650Ω and Zsc= 550Ω (8+8)

8. a) A lossless line of 300Ω is terminated by a load of ZR. If the VSWR at 200 MHz is 4.48

and the first Vmin is located at 6 cm from the load, Calculate the reflection coefficient and

ZR .

b) Derive a relation between reflection coefficient and characteristic impedance. (8+8)

SET - 4

Code No: 3220504


COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

(Common to C.S.E, I.T, E.C.C, I.C.E )




* * * * * *

1. a) Name four main components of a computer and give their functions.

b) What is the difference between binary, BCD and Gray code.

c) Show that the exclusive-OR function X=A⊕B⊕C is an even function

2. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a bus system for four registers by using

Tri-state buffers.

b) Describe the addressing mode that do not need address field at all and addressing

mode s that uses content of PC for calculating effective address.

3. a) Define the following

i) Micro operation ii) Micro instruction iii) Macro program

iv) Macro code

b) Give the circuit diagram for a micro program sequence for a control

memory

4. a) Derive an algorithm in flowchart form for fixed point binary division.

b) Give the flowchart for decimal multiplication.

5. a) Give the relative merits and demerits of three different mapping Processes for

cache organization.

b) Name some specific features of memory design that lead to superior

Performance.

c) Describe LRU algorithm for page replacement.

6. a) What is the purpose of an interface between the processor bus and peripheral

devices and what are the major differences between CPU and I/O characteristics that

are to be taken care of by the interface.

b) Describe asynchronous data transfer using handshaking.

c) Give the features of RS-232.

SET - 1

Code No: 3220504

7. a) Describe a 4- segment pipeline for floating point addition and subtraction of two

binary numbers.

b) Describe Flynn’s classification of computer system.

c) Differentiate between arithmetic pipeline and instruction pipeline.

d) Name some pipeline conflicts. (6+4+3+3)

8. Write short notes on any two of the following.

a) Inter process arbitration b) Instruction pipeline c) ROMs.

SET - 1

Code No: 3220504



(Common to C.S.E, I.T, E.C.C, I.C.E)




* * * * * *

1. a) How many different patterns could be stored in a 8-bit register? What is the largest

value that could be stored?

b) Describe an error detection circuit for transmission of a 3-bit message using odd

parity bit.

2. a) Give the circuit diagram of a 4-bit binary adder-subtractor.

b) Give the characteristics of RISC.

3. a) Explain the difference between hardwired control and micro

programmed control.

b) What is the address sequencing capabilities required in a control memory?

c) Give the block diagram of a control memory and associated hardware needed for

selecting the next microinstruction address. (4+4+8)

4. a) With the help of a block diagram, explain how single digit decimal

numbers are added.

b) Multiply the following two numbers using Booth algorithm. (-7)x(3) Show the step

by step multiplication process.

5. a) Explain direct mapping scheme for transformation of data from main memory to

cache memory.

b) How to access data on a disk memory?

c) Describe different Read Only Memories and differentiate among them.

6. a) What are the three modes of data transfer to and from I/O devices?

What are the merits and demerits?

b) Describe PCI bus structure.

SET - 2

Code No: 3220504

7. a) Draw space-time diagram for a 4-segment pipeline showing the time it takes to

process tasks.

b) A non pipeline system takes 50ns to process a task. The same task can be

processed in a 6-segmented pipeline with clock cycle of 10ns. Determine the speed up

ratio of the pipeline for 100 tasks. What is the maximum speed up that can be

achieved?


a) Cache coherence b) Arithmetic pipeline c) DMA

SET - 2

Code No: 3220504







* * * * * *

1. a) What is a stored program computer?

b) Describe a single bus structure with a suitable diagram.

c) How many different patterns could be stored in a 8-bit register? What is the largest

value that could be stored as a two’s complement signed integer in such a register?

What is the smallest value? How about the largest and smallest values that could be

stored as unsigned integers?

2. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a bus system for four registers using

multiplexers.

b) With the help of a truth table, design a full adder circuit using a suitable diagram.

3. a) Explain how the mapping from instruction code to a micro-

instruction address can be done.

b) Give the general configuration of a macro programmed control unit and explain it.

4. a) Give the Booth’s algorithm for multiplication of signed 2’s

complement numbers.

b) With the help of a block diagram, explain the working of a BCD adder.

5. a) What is the difference between static and dynamic memory calls? Which of these

calls can be non destructively read out? Which technology has higher density? Which

of these is faster?

b) What is refreshing? Which type of memory needs refreshing? How is

refreshing done?

c) Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous DRAMs. (6+6+4)

6. a) Differentiate between isolated and memory mapped I/O.

b) Describe asynchronous serial transfer between two units.

c) Describe the daisy chaining priority arrangement.

SET - 3

Code No: 3220504

7. a) Give the general structure of a four segment pipeline and explain its

operation. What is the speed up of this pipeline?

b) What are the different ways of handling branch instructions? Explain.


a) Inter process communication in multiprocessors

b) Interrupt driven data transfer c) Addressing modes

SET - 3

Code No: 3220504







* * * * * *

1. a) Describe the functional units and components that are used for

understanding of computer organization.

b) Describe the 2’s complement subtraction and explain detection of overflow

condition.

2. a) Describe the logic circuit, with suitable diagram that generates the four basic logic

micro operations: AND, OR, XOR and Complement.

b) Name at least 4 memory instructions and give the micro operations

needed to execute each of these instructions. (8+8)

3. a) Give the relative merits and demerits of micro programmed control

over hardwired control.

b) Give the 10- bit micro instruction format for control memory.

c) Differentiate between dynamic micro programming and static micro

program. Give their relative advantages and disadvantages. (5+5+6)

4. a) Show that there can no mantissa overflow after multiplication operation.

b) Prove that the multiplication of two n digit numbers gives a product no more than

2n digits in length.

c) What are the steps involved in addition / subtraction of two floating-point

numbers? Explain the operation through a flow chart.

5. a) What is memory interleaving? Describe two different memory

interleaving schemes?

b) Describe the memory mapping from virtual address to physical address in a

virtual memory organization.

c) Describe set associative mapping technique of cache memory

organization.

SET - 4

Code No: 3220504

6. a) Describe asynchronous data transfer using strobe control.

b) Describe DMA transfer scheme.

7. a) What are the advantages of pipelines? Name three major differences that cause

instruction pipeline to deviate from its normal operation. Determine the number of

clock cycles that it takes to process 200 tasks in a six segment pipeline

b) What are the applications of vector processing?

8. Write short notes on any two of the following

a) Shared memory multiprocessors b) RAMs c) Booth algorithm

SET - 4

Code No: 3220804


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

( Chemical Engineering )




* * * * * *

1. Explain Inductive and Electromeric effect with suitable examples. [16]

2. (a) write the mechanism of the following [5+5]

i) Riemer-Teimenn reaction ii) Beckmann rearrangement

b) Write short note on electrophilic reactions [6]

3. Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]

a) Aldol-Condensation b) Benzoin condensation

4. Define the term Isomerism and explain any two types of Stereo isomerism with

suitable examples [16]

5. Explain the following [8+8]

a) Addition of alkene in presence of peroxide

b) Thermal halogenation of alkane

6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4+4+4+4]

a) PVC b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyethene

7. Explain preparation, properties and uses of Pyrrole, Pyridine and give the reason for

basic character between them. [16]

8. Write preparation and properties of the following [8+8]

a) Malachite green b) Floroscien

SET - 1

Code No: 3220804


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

(Chemical Engineering)




* * * * * *

1. Explain the following with suitable examples [8+8]

a) Resonance b) Hyper conjugation

2. a) Define the term electrophile and give some examples [6]

b) Write the mechanism of the following [5+5]

i) Friedel –Craft reaction ii) Rimer –Teimenn Reaction


a) Perkin Reaction b) Aldol – Condensation

4. Explain geometrical and conformational isomerism with suitable examples [16]

5. Explain the mechanism of halogenation of alkene and alylic halogenation using

NBS [16]

6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4x4]

a) Nylon b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyester

7. Write preparation, properties and uses of Quinoline and Pyrrole [16]

8. What is Dye? Write the preparation and properties of the following [8+8]

a) Rosaniline b) Congo red

*****

SET - 2

Code No: 3220804


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY





* * * * * *

1. Explain steric inhibition of resonance with suitable examples. [16]

2. (a) Write the mechanism of the following [5+5]

i) Riemer-Teimenn reaction ii) Friedel –Craft reaction

b) Write short note on nucleophilic reactions [6]


a) Aldol-Condensation b) Perkin reaction

4. a) Define the term Isomerism and explain Stereo isomerism with

suitable examples [8]

b) Write a note on Diastereomers [8]

5. Explain the following [8+8]

a) Addition of alkene in presence of peroxide

b) Thermal halogenation of alkane

6. Write preparation, properties and uses of the following [4x4]

a) PVC b) Teflon c) Bakelite d) Polyethene

7. Explain preparation, properties and uses of Pyrrole, Pyridine and give the reason for

basic character between them. [16]

8. Write preparation and properties of the following [8+8]

a) Malachite green b) Bismark brown

*****

SET - 3

Code No: 3220804


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY





* * * * * *

1. Explain the following with suitable examples [8+8]

a) Inductive effect b) Hyper conjugation

2. a) Define the term electrophile and give some examples

b) Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]

i) Friedel –Craft reaction ii) Rimer –Teimenn Reaction

3. b) Write the mechanism of the following [8+8]

i) Perkin Reaction ii) Aldol – Condensation

4. a) Explain optical isomerism in Lactic acid and Tartaric acid [8]

b) Write the sequence rules in isomerism with examples [8]

5. Explain the mechanism of halogenation of alkene and alylic halogenation using

NBS [16]

6. a) what is vulcanization of Rubber? Explain compounding of rubber

b) Write the preparation, properties and uses of the following [8+8]

i) Thiokol ii) Polyurethene rubber

7. Write preparation, properties and uses of Furan and Thiophene [16]

8. What is Dye? Write the preparation and properties of the following [8+8]

a) Rosaniline b) Floroscien

*****

SET - 4


II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Broadly classify the integrated circuits for a wide range of applications.

(b) Derive the output voltage of an op - amp based differential amplifier. [6+10]

2. (a) Compare and contrast the performance of a BJT based op - amp and FET op- amp in detail.

(b) Define the terms: Input bias current, input offset voltage, Gain Bandwidthproduct, output offset voltage and output offset current. [6+10]

3. (a) Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequencyfrom 10 Hz to about 1KHz. If a sine wave of 1V peak at 1000 Hz is appliedto this differentiator draw the output waveforms.

(b) Why active differentiator circuits are not used in analog computer to solvedifferential equations. [10+6]

4. Design and explain a saw tooth waveform generator using operational amplifierand plot the waveforms for the given specifications frequency = 5kHz, Vsat = ±12Volts. [16]

5. (a) For the all pass filter, determine the phase shift φ between the input and outputat f = 2kHz. To obtain a phase shift φ , what modifications are necessary inthe circuit?

(b) Derive the expression for the transfer function of 2nd order High pass filter.[8+8]

6. (a) Give the functional block diagram of NE 565 PLL (DIP) and for the givencomponents values. C1 = 390PF, C2 = 680PF and R1 = 10k, Vcc = ±6V Find

i. The free running frequency

ii. The lock range and capture range

Where C1 is capacitor connected between pin number 9 and -Vcc, C2 is the ca-pacitor connected between +Vcc and ouput pin 7, and R1 is connected betweenpin number 8 and +Vcc.

(b) Give the functional block diagram of VCO NE 565 and explain its workingand necessary expression for free running or center frequency. [8+8]

7. (a) Describe the transfer characteristic of a Digital to Analog Converter.

(b) Performance specifications of a Digital to Analog converter.

(c) Mention the different types of Analog to digital converters. [4+8+4]

1 of 2


8. (a) How JFET can be used as shunt and series analog switch? Explain withdiagrams.

(b) Calculate the change in the output voltage if input changes by 5 V with feedthrough rejection ratio (FRR) for sample and hold circuit is 80 dB.

(c) What are the applications and advantages of sample and hold circuits.[6+4+6]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

2 of 2





⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Why the level translator is called as an emitter follower and explain its oper-ation.

(b) Obtain differential mode gain of different configurations of differential ampli-fier using ac equivalent circuit. [8+8]

2. (a) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linearand digital Ics

(b) Explain the Pole - Zero and Dominant pole compensation techniques for anop - amp. [6+10]

3. (a) Explain how an op - amp can be used as summing amplifier? Draw the diagramof a four input summer and obtain the expression for the output.

(b) The circuit of a inverting summing amplifier is designed with R1 = R’ =1Kohm,and R2 = 2R1, R3 = 2R2,Rn = 2Rn-1, the input voltages v1,v2,vn can be 0 to10V.

i. For n = 4, what is the smallest output voltage if at least one input isnonzero?

ii. For n = 4, what is the maximum output voltage? [8+8]

4. (a) Design a logarithmic amplifier for positive input voltages in the range 5mV to50V.

(b) With suitable circuit diagram explain the operation of a triangular wave gen-erator using a comparator and a integrator. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the advantages of active filters over passive ones?

(b) Design a second order low pass Butterworth filter for a cut off frequency of 2kHz. Assume necessary data.

(c) What is an all pass filter? Draw the circuit of the filters. [4+6+6]

6. (a) Draw and explain the functional diagram of a 555 timer.

(b) Explain the function of ‘reset’ pin. [12+4]

7. (a) In which type of Analog to Digital converter, a Digital to Analog converter isused? Explain its operation in detail.

(b) List important specifications o Analog to Digital converter and Digital toAnalog converters indicating their typical values. [8+8]

1 of 2


8. (a) Explain how multiplier can be used to modulate and demodulate an AM signal.

(b) What is meant by balanced modulator? Explain its function using neat dia-gram. [8+8]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

2 of 2




⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Explain how large open circuit voltage gain of an op - amp can be obtainedby using cascading of differential amplifier stages.

(b) Explain ac analysis of differential amplifier. [8+8]

2. (a) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linearand digital Ics

(b) Explain the Pole - Zero and Dominant pole compensation techniques for anop - amp. [6+10]

3. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a two input non-inverting type summing amplifierand derive the expression for the output voltage.

(b) Briefly explain why negative feedback is desirable in amplifier applications.

(c) How does negative feedback affect the performance of an inverting amplifier?[7+5+4]

4. (a) Design a logarithmic amplifier for positive input voltages in the range 5mV to50V.

(b) With suitable circuit diagram explain the operation of a triangular wave gen-erator using a comparator and a integrator. [8+8]

5. (a) Define Bessel, Butterworth and Chebysher filters, and compare their frequencyresponse.

(b) Sketch the circuit diagram of band elimination filter and design a wide band-reject having fH=200Hz and fL=1KHz. Assume necessary data. [8+8]

6. List one application of the PLL and then briefly describe the role of the PLL inthat application. [16]

7. (a) Explain the operation of a multiplying DAC and mention its applications.

(b) A 12 - bit D to A converter has a full - scale range of 15Volts. Its maximumdifferential linearity error is ± 1/ 2 LSB.

i. What is the percentage resolution?

ii. What are the minimum and maximum possible values of the increment inits ouput voltage? [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the use of IC 1496 as AM modulator

1 of 2

Code No: 3221004 Set No.3

(b) What is a sample and hold circuit? Draw the circuit diagram and explain itsaction. [8+8]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

2 of 2





⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Explain how large open circuit voltage gain of an op - amp can be obtainedby using cascading of differential amplifier stages.

(b) Explain ac analysis of differential amplifier. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the effect of slew rate on both open loop and closed loop op - ampcircuits.

(b) What is the major difference between the power supply requirements of linearand digital Ics.

(c) Draw and explain an ideal voltage transfer curve for an op - amp. [8+4+4]

3. (a) Derive the equations of input resistance, output resistance and closed loopgain of the non - inverting amplifier.

(b) Explain the operation of differentiator and also explain the frequency responseof differentiator. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a precision full wave rectifier with wave-forms.

(b) Give the expressions of pulse width and recovery time of a monostable multi-vibrator using op - amp. [8+8]

5. (a) Define Bessel, Butterworth and Chebysher filters, and compare their frequencyresponse.

(b) Sketch the circuit diagram of band elimination filter and design a wide band-reject having fH=200Hz and fL=1KHz. Assume necessary data. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the operation of a zero crossing detector.

(b) Briefly mention the disadvantages of using zero crossing detector and how itis overcome in Schmitt trigger. [8+8]

7. (a) Sketch and explain the transfer characteristic of a DAC with necessary equa-tions.

(b) LSB of a 9 - bit DAC is represented by 19.6mv. If an input of 9 zero bits isrepresented by 0 volts.

i. Find the output of the DAC for an input 10110 1101 and 01101 1011.

ii. What is the Full scale reading (FSR) of this DAC? [8+8]

8. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of sample and hold circuit and explain its working.

1 of 2


(b) Draw the circuit diagram IC 1496 balanced modulator circuit and explain itsoperations. Sketch the output waveform for the square wave inputs with aphase difference ‘φ’. [8+8]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

2 of 2



II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2009BASIC CLINICAL SCIENCES - I

(Bio-Medical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) What is deioniser? How is it useful for treatment of city water?

(b) What is a cetate and bicorbonate dialysis? Discuss about the advantages anddisadvantages. [16]

2. Write a note on:

(a) Diseases of nervous system

(b) Diseases of muscle. [8+8]

3. (a) What is CSF?

(b) How is it produced and what is CSF pressure moritoring. [16]

4. Sketch and explain the Cardiac Cycle. [16]

5. Describe the construction and working of dc synchronized defibrillator. [16]

6. (a) Explain the operation of DC defibrillators

(b) Discuss about the different types of waveforms used in defibrilators. [8+8]

7. Explain the principle of operation of pulse oxymeter. [16]

8. (a) Write a note on : Endoscopes.

(b) Discuss about the various types of Stomach Wash Tubes. [8+8]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1 of 1





⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Explain the process of Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. [16]

2. (a) Give few clinical applications of EEG measurements.

(b) Write a brief note on: Neuropathy. [8+8]

3. (a) Briefly describe F-response.

(b) What is meant by visual evoled potentials and describe how it can be re corded.[16]

4. Sketch and explain the operation of Heart-Lung Machine. [16]

5. (a) Distinguish between external and internal pacing.

(b) What is meant by demand pacing. [8+8]

6. (a) Discuss the applications of Ultrasound in Medicine.

(b) Compare Ultrasonic Diagnosis with X-Ray Diagnosis. [8+8]

7. Write a short notes on :

(a) Electric cautery apparatus

(b) Cold light sources. [16]

8. Write about different endoscopes used in gesteo enterology. [16]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1 of 1





⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. Discuss about the various monitoring devices required, in a dialysis machine. [16]

2. What is Myestheria glaris? Write clinical features of the disease and how it isdiagnosed. [16]

3. What are the Muscle diseases? and What are the clinical features and how theyare diagnosed? [16]

4. Sketch and explain the operation of Heart-Lung Machine. [16]

5. With a neat block diagram explain the operation of demand pacemaker. [16]

6. (a) Write about the differences between Treedmill × Bicycle Ergonmeter.

(b) What are the necessary conditions for stress testing. [16]

7. (a) Specify the instruments used for Open Heart Surgery.

(b) What do you mean by I.C.C.U and explain. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the functions of G.I.Tract.

(b) What do you mean by Parenteral Thereapy?

(c) Define Biopsy. [8+4+4]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1 of 1





⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. What are the different types of artificial kidneys draw a neat sketch of artificialkidney and label different parts. [16]

2. What are inverive investigations used in Neurological disorders. [16]

3. Write a short note on: [16]

(a) Motor Neuron Disorders

(b) Study of Reflexes

4. Draw the schematic diagram of the Heart Lung mechine and explain its working.[16]

5. With a neat ECG wave form explain the various events that occur at differentstages. [16]

6. (a) List out the diagnostic applications of ultrasound scanner.

(b) Explain the principle of operation of ultrasound scanner. [8+8]

7. (a) Write a note on : Laproscopy.

(b) Explain about the Pre-Operative Preparative Process. [8+8]

8. (a) List out the clinical significant symptoms of GI Tract.

(b) How one can estimate the Height and Weight of an individual? [8+8]

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1 of 1

Code No: 3222104


ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Aeronautical Engineering)



All questions carry equal marks * * * * * *

1. (a) Explain Ohm’s law, KCL and KVL with suitable examples.

(b) For the circuit shown in Fig. 1(b), determine the current I and source voltage V.

[8+8]

2. Explain the types of DC generators with the help of diagrams and write their

applications. [16]

3. A 300KVA, 11000/440V, 50 Hz, 1-Phase transformer gave the following results from

OC and SC tests. [16]

From the above table calculate the efficiency and regulation for full load at 0.8 p.f

lagging.

4. (a) Deduce the relation between the number of poles, the frequency, and the speed of

the alternator.

(b) State the advantages and disadvantages of using short pitched and distributed

windings in alternators.

(c) The effective resistance of a 200V, 50Hz, 440 kVA, 1-phase, and alternator is 0.5

ohm. On short circuit, a field current of 40 A gives the full load current of 200 A. The

electromotive force on open-circuits with same field excitation is 1160V. Calculate the

synchronous impedance and reactance. [5+5+6]

OC test (L.V Side) 120V 21.1A 1.3KW

SC test (HV side) 600V 15A 2.8KW

2 Ω

2

2 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω + - 6A

4A I

V

Fig. 1(b)

SET - 1

Code No: 3222104

5. (a) Explain the requirements of indicating instruments.

(b) Moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection with 15 mA and has a resistance

of 5 ohms. Calculate the resistance of the necessary components in order that the

instrument may be used as

i. a 2A- Ammeter

ii. a 100 V- Voltmeter. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the operation of a center-tap full-wave rectifier with input and output

waveforms.

(b) In a center-tap circuit having input voltage 230V using step down transformer

having turns ratio 3:1, the diodes are assumed to be ideal. Find

i. dc output voltage

ii. peak inverse voltage

iii. rectifier efficiency. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain input and output characteristics of CE configuration with necessary

diagrams.

(b) Explain transistor as an amplifier with a neat circuit diagram. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the electrostatic deflection system in a CRT with suitable diagram.

(b) Derive the expression for deflection sensitivity. [8+8]

SET - 1

Code No: 3222104







1. (a) Explain about series circuits and parallel circuits with examples.

(b) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in series with a constant voltage source

of ‘V’ volts. The voltage across R1 is 4V, power loss in R2 is 16W and the value of R3

is 6. If the current flowing through the circuit is 2A, find the source voltage ‘V’.

[8+8]

2. (a) Derive the expression of induced emf of dc generator.

(b) An 8 pole lap wound dc generator has 960 conductors, a flux of 40 milliwebers and

is driven at 400 rpm. Find induced emf. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the working principle and operation of Transformer.

(b) The voltage ratio of a single-phase, 50 Hz, transformer is 5000/500 V at no load.

Calculate the number of turns in each winging if the maximum flux in the core is 7.82

milliwebers. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the construction of Induction Motor.

(b) An 8 pole, 3-Φ alternator is coupled to a prime mover running at 750 rpm. It

supplies an induction motor which has a full load speed of 960 rpm. Find the number of

poles of induction motor and slip. [8+8]

5. (a) Give the constructional details and working of any one type of Moving Iron

instrument.

(b) What are the different types of torques required in the operating of indicating

instruments?

(c) List the different types of instruments used for making voltmeters and ammeters.

[6+4+6]

6. (a) What are the principle features of a bridge rectifier. Explain its operation with neat

circuit diagram.

(b) Draw the equivalent circuits of

i. ideal diode

ii. Simplified model of diode.

iii. piece wise linear model of diode.

Draw their characteristics. [8+8]

SET - 2

Code No: 3222104

7. (a) Sketch the input and output characteristics of CB configuration for an n-p-n

transistor and explain the shape of the curves qualitatively.

(b) Explain the working of a SCR when

i. gate is open

ii. gate is positive with respect to cathode. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the measurement of frequency by

i. using signal waveform

ii. using lissajous figures

(b) An electrostatic cathode ray tube has a final anode voltage of 600V. The deflection

plates are 5cm long and 1cm apart. The screen is at a distance of 20cm from the centre

of plates. A voltage of 30V is applied to the deflection plates. Calculate [8+8]

i. velocity of electron on reaching the field

ii. acceleration due to deflection field.

iii. deflection produced on the screen in cm and

iv. deflection sensitivity in cm/volt.

SET - 2

Code No: 3222104







1. Calculate the following for the circuit shown in Fg. 1.

(i) Total Resistance offered to the source

(ii) Current through each element

(iii) Power supplied by the source

2. Draw a detailed sketch of a dc machine and identify the different parts in it. Briefly

explain the function of each part. [16]

3. (a) Explain the principle of working of 1-Φ transformer on no-load conditions. Also

explain the nature of no-load current.

(b) Explain how the equivalent circuit parameters can be obtained from open circuit and

short circuit tests. [8+8]

4. (a) A 6 pole induction motor is fed by three phase 50 Hz supply and running with a

full load slip of 3%. Find the full load speed of induction motor and also the frequency

of rotor emf.

(b) Draw the slip-Torque characteristics of an Induction Motor. Explain it clearly. [8+8]

5. (a) How can the range of Moving Iron voltmeter be extended?

(b) A 20V Moving Iron voltmeter has a resistance of 300Ω and an inductance of 0.12

H. Assume that voltmeter reads correctly on dc. What will be the percentage error when

the instrument is placed on 15V ac supply at 100Hz. [8+8]

6. (a) Draw the V-I characteristics of p-n diode and explain.

(b) Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier having two diodes and explain its

operation.

(c) Explain how p-n junction diode act as a rectifier. [4+8+4]

Fig. 1

4 Ω

3 Ω

12 Ω

100 V

12 Ω 6 Ω

SET - 3

Code No: 3222104

7. (a) How does the CE configuration provide the large power gain when compared to that

of other configurations? Explain suitably.

(b) Explain SCR as a half wave rectifier with the help of mathematical analysis. [8+8]

8. (a) Draw the block diagram of a CRO.

(b) Explain the measurement of phase angle between two alternating voltages with the

help of a neat sketch. [8+8]

SET - 3

Code No: 3222104







* * * * * *

1. (a) What is meant by EMF of a source?

(b) Distinguish between ideal and practical voltage source? Give examples?

(c) Distinguish between ideal and practical current sources? Give example?

(d) The internal resistance of a 12 V battery is 0.9 ohms. What will be its terminal

voltage when the current drawn from the battery is 2 A? [4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Discuss the classification of d.c generators with suitable diagrams, and give the

practical applications of each generator.

(b) A 10Kw shunt generator supplies load at a terminal voltage of 200 volts. The shunt

field resistance is 100 ohms and armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. Calculate the e.m.f

induced in the generator. [8+8]

3. (a) Why is the core of the transformer laminated?

(b) What are the various losses in a transformer?

(c) A single phase 50HZ transformer has 100 turns on the primary and 400 turns on the

secondary. The cross sectional area of the core is 250 cm2. The primary winding is

connected to 230 volts. Determine

i. E.M.F induced in the secondary winding.

ii. The maximum value of the flux density in the core [4+4+8]

4. Explain with the help of suitable diagrams how rotating magnetic field is produced in a

three phase induction motor. [16]

5. With a neat sketch explain the construction and working principle of moving iron (M.I)

type instrument. Write down the torque equation. [16]

6. (a) Derive the expression for efficiency of a full-wave rectifier.

(b) A full wave rectifier using two diodes, the internal resistance of diode is 20Ω. The

transformer rms secondary voltage from center-tap to each end of secondary is 50V and

load resistance is 1k Ω, Find (i) Idc and (ii) Irms [8+8]

SET - 4

Code No: 3222104

7. (a) Explain the operation of a NPN transistor.

(b) Draw transistor in CB configuration and explain its operation. Also draw the input

and output characteristics. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain magnetic deflection system employed for deflecting the beam in CRO.

Derive the expression for magnetic deflection sensitivity.

(b) Draw the block diagram of CRO and explain the function of each block. [8+8]

SET - 4

Code No: 3222304


ENGINEERING PHYSICS

( Bio-Technology )




* * * * * *

1 a) State the principle of superposition of waves?

b) Explain the Young’s double slit experiment on the interference of light and

derive an expression for the band width of the interference pattern.

c) A plane wave of λ = 5000 AU falls normally on a long narrow slit of width

0.5mm. Compute the angles of diffraction for the first three minima.

2 a) How are ultrasonic waves produced?

b) Describe ultrasonic systems and methods used in Non-Destructive Testing.

3 a) What is ferromagnetism? What are the distinguishing features of

ferromagnetism.

b) What are Ferrites? Explain their magnetic properties and mention their

industrial applications.

4 a) Explain the significance of Miller Indices.

b) Derive an expression for the lattice constant in terms of inter-planar spacing in

orthogonal crystal systems.

5 a) Explain the need of a cavity resonator in a laser.

b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and

working of a Ruby laser.

6 a) Explain the principle of an optical fiber.

b) Explain how the optical fibers are classified.

c) Calculate and angle of acceptance of a given optical fiber, if the refractive

indices of the core and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.

7 a) Explain Clausius-Mosotti relation in dielectrics subjected to static fields.

b) What is orientational polarization? Derive an expression for the mean dipole

moment when a polar material is subjected to an external field.

c) The relative dielectric constant of sulphur is 3.75 when measured at 270C.

Assuming the internal field constant γ = 1/3 calculate the electronic polarizability

of sulphur if its density at this temperature is 2050 kg/m3. The atomic weight of

sulphur being 32.

SET - 1

Code No: 3222304

8 a) Define specific heat of a solid and thermal capacity of a body with S.I. units.

b) Explain the specific features of Einstein model of a solid and derive an

expression for the lattice specific heat of a solid using that model.

c) The specific heat at constant volume of a solid at very low temperatures varies

with absolute temperature according to the relation CV = BT3, where B is a c

constant, equal to 10-2

Jkg-1

K-4

. How much heat energy is needed to raise the

temperature of 10kg of substance from 0K to 20K?

SET - 1

Code No: 3222304


ENGINEERING PHYSICS

( Bio-Technology )




* * * * * *

1 a) Explain the concept of Coherence.

b) Give an outline of the necessary theory of Newton’s rings and describe the

method of using Newton’s rings to measure the focal length of a curved lens

having large radius of curvature.

2 a) State the acoustic requirements of a good auditorium. Explain how these

requirements can be achieved.

b) Define and explain the Sabine’s formula involved in it and describe the units of

each of them. State the limitations of the formula.

c) A classroom has dimensions 20x15x5m3. The reverberation time is 3.5 sec.

Calculate the total absorption of its surfaces and the average absorption

coefficient.

3 a) Explain the Meissner effect. Give some important applications of

superconductors.

b) Discuss the parameters that destruct the superconductivity.

c) Calculate the critical current that flow through a long thin superconducting wire

of Aluminium of diameter 10-3

meter. The critical magnetic field for

Aluminium is 7.9x103amp/metre.

4 a) Show that FCC is the most closely packed of the three cubic structures by

working out the packing factors.

b) Describe the structure of NaCl.

5 a) Explain the purpose of an active medium of a gaseous laser.

b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and

working of a Helium-Neon laser.

6 a) Explain the terms ‘Numerical Aperture’ and ‘Acceptance Angle’.

b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and

working of an optical fiber as a waveguide.

c) An optical fiber has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding

material of refractive index 1.5. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate its

numerical aperture.

SET - 2

Code No: 3222304

7 a) What is Piezo-electricity?

b) Obtain an expression for the internal field in a solid dielectric subjected to an

external field.

c) The dielectric constant of He gas at NTP is 1.000648. Calculate the electronic

polarizability of He atoms if the gas contains 2.7 x 1025

atoms per m3.

8 a) Explain how nano materials are fabricated by Up-Down methodology.

b) Explain the physical and chemical properties of nano materials.

c) Give a few applications of nano materials.

SET - 2

Code No: 3222304


ENGINEERING PHYSICS

( Bio-Technology )




* * * * * *

1 a) What are Fraunhofer and Fresnel’s concepts of diffraction?

b) Describe the theory of Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit.

c) A plane beam of light (λ = 5x10-5

cm) is incident normally on a long narrow slit

of width 0.2mm. A screen is placed at a distance of 3m from the slit. Find the

width of the central maximum taking the diffraction as that of Fraunhofer type.

2 a) What are the various steps involved in any NDT by using ultrasonic waves?

b) Discuss the different ultrasonic testing methods. Explain any one of them in

detail.

c) In the ultrasonic Doppler flow meter, the direction of blood flow is along the

direction of ultrasonic beam. Frequency of ultrasonic waves is equal to 2MHz.

the velocity of ultrasonic wave in blood is 1500ms-1

. If the Doppler shift in

frequency is 267Hz, calculate the velocity of blood flow.

3 a) Define magnetic moment. Explain the origin of magnetic moment at the atomic

level. What is a Bohr Magneton?

b) In hydrogen atom an electron ‘e’ revolves around the nucleus at a distance of

‘r’ meter with a n angular velocity ‘ω’ rad/s. Obtain expression for magnetic

moment associated with it due to its orbital motion.

4 a) Derive Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction

b) Decribe Lau’s method for determination of crystal structure.

c) A beam of X-rays is incident on a NaCl crystal with lattice spacing 0.282 nm.

Calculate the wavelength of X-rays if the first order Bragg reflection takes

place at a glancing angle of 8035’. Also calculate the maximum order of

diffraction possible.

5 a) What do you understand by population inversion? How it is achieved?

b) Derive the relation between the probabilities of spontaneous emission and

stimulated in terms of Einstein coefficients.

6 a) Explain the principle of Holography.

b) What are the distinguishing characteristics of Holograms.

SET - 3

Code No: 3222304

7 a) What are phonons? What information can be obtained by studying the phonon

spectrum of solids?

b) Obtain the expression for Debye’s frequency to estimate the specific heats of

solids.

8 a) Describe the process of Nano lithography.

b) How nano materials are prepared by sol-gel process.

SET - 3

Code No: 3222304


ENGINEERING PHYSICS

( Bio-Technology )




* * * * * *

1 Derive an expression for the intensity pattern due to the Fraunhofer diffraction

at a single slit.

2 Write in detail how ultrasonic waves are used Non Destructive Testing.

3 a) What is Bohr magnetron and derive an expression for it in terms of orbital

angular momentum of an electron

b) Briefly discuss the occurrence of superconductivity with the help of Feynmann

diagrams as cooper pairs interact with lattice through phonons.

4 a) What is primitive cell and explain whether FCC and BCC are of primitive type

or not?

b) Describe Powder diffraction method for the determination of lattice parameters

in a crystal.

5 Describe stimulated emission and derive expressions for Einstein’s transitions

coefficient.

6 a) Derive an expression for the acceptance angle for an optical fibre.

b) Write briefly the process of recording and reconstructions involved with

holography

7 Derive an expression for the specific heat of solids following the Einstein’s model

and discuss its limitations.

8 Describe the concept of Self Assembly and detail any four methods of

Characterization of nano-materials.

SET - 4

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