A Parametric Study of the Electroslag Welding Process

Heat input and HAZ size are found to be principally dependent on the same process variable—namely, plate gap width

BY W. S. RICCI AND T. VV. EAGAR

ABSTRACT. Screening experiments were conducted on electroslag welds to statis­tically evaluate the effect of independent process variables upon dependent pro­cess responses consisting of heat af­fected zone size, dilution, form factor, welding speed and heat input. The results of multiple electrode electroslag welds made with and without the use of a supplementary filler material are pre­sented as well. Methods of reducing the size of the heat affected zone while maintaining an acceptable form factor were determined.

It can be concluded that significant reductions in heat affected zone size, with resultant improvements in weld­ment impact properties, are not to be expected when the heat input to the process is reduced by as much as a factor of five.

Introduction

Electroslag welding (ESW) has been of interest for many years, because it pro­vides one of the highest rates of weld metal deposition. Unfortunately, the high heat input and the long thermal cycle inherent in the process produce a large heat affected zone (HAZ) which is subject to grain coarsening and a loss of fracture toughness. It is possible to improve the properties of an electroslag weld joint by normalization or quenching and temper­ing; however, this is generally impractical due to the large size of the structures fabricated by ESW.

Most previous studies of ESW have emphasized the mechanical properties or the metallurgical structure of the joint (Ref. 1-6). A few investigators have attempted to define a range of accept-

Based on a paper presented at the 62nd Annual AWS Convention held in Cleveland, Ohio, during April 5-10, 1981.

W. S. Ricci is with the U. S. Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, Watertown, Massachusetts. T. W. Eagar is Associate Profes­sor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technolo­gy, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

able operating parameters (Ref. 7-9), but none has correlated the process parame­ters with the size of the HAZ.

The structure of the HAZ limits the usefulness of the process, and the struc­ture is at least partially dependent upon the size of the region and its thermal history. For these reasons, it is desirable to develop an understanding of how the process parameters affect the HAZ size. It is hoped in this way to define a set of operating conditions which will minimize the size of the HAZ, thereby optimizing the mechanical properties of the joint.

A screening experiment was con­ducted to evaluate the effect of indepen­dent variables consisting of voltage, cur­rent, electrode diameter, flux composi­tion, initial plate gap width and slag depth upon the dependent responses consist­ing of HAZ size, dilution, form factor, welding speed and heat input.

Experimental

The initial series of welds consisted of a Plackett-Burman experimental design (Ref. 10), which is capable of statistically evaluating the significance of each pro­cess variable. All six independent vari­ables were tested in a series of twelve welds consisting of two values for each variable. These values are listed in Ta­ble 1.

A second series of welds were made using closely spaced multiple electrodes. Three electrodes were spaced 8.5 mm (0.33 in.) apart across the plate thickness. The plate gap was 15 mm (0.59 in.), and the plate was 50 mm (2 in.) thick. A previous model of heat generation pat­terns in the slag phase (Ref. 11) suggested that this electrode configuration might have a number of advantages over the common practice.

The first series of welds was made with a non-consumable electrode holder, while the second series was performed with a consumable electrode guide tube. All welds were made on 50 mm (2 in.) thick steel plate with water-cooled cop­per shoes bridging the plate gap. The first series of welds was performed with A516 Grade 70 steel, while the second series used A36 plate. Each plate was approxi­

mately 305 mm (12 in.) square. The initial gap between the plates was greater at the top than at the bottom in order to allow for shrinkage during the process and to provide a uniform gap width during welding. The chemical composi­tions of the electrodes, base metal plates and fluxes are given in Table 2.

Slag depth was the most difficult inde­pendent parameter to control. It was observed that a vigorous motion of the slag pool represented a shallow slag and that a quiescent slag pool represented a deeper slag. With experience the opera­tor was able to control the slag depth within reasonable limits.

All weldments were sectioned both transversely and laterally. Cut surfaces were ground, polished and etched. Per­cent dilution, form factor, and HAZ size were measured from macrographs. Per­cent dilution was defined as (Af — Ag) / Af X 100 where Af and Ag were the fused and gap areas respectively. Form factor values, which are defined as the ratio of the width of the weld pool to its height, were measured from the solidifi­cation profiles. The HAZ was interpreted as being the innermost zone of coarse grained structure adjacent to the fusion boundary. HAZ area was measured by point counting techniques for each side of the weld, normalized to unit magnifica­tion, averaged and represented in units of square centimeters.

Results

Values of the five measured responses for each of the twelve trials of the Plackett-Burman screening design are

Table 1—Values of Factors Used in Plackett-Burman Screening Design

High Low

Voltage, V Current, A Electrode

diameter, mm Plate gap width,

mm Slag depth, mm Flux

50 450

3.18

38

12.5 A

40 400

2.38

19

2.5 B

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT 1397-s

Table 2—Chemical Compositions of Base Plates, Electrodes and Fluxes Used in this Study

A516 Grade 70 A36 Electrode

Flux A Flux B Flux C

0.23 0.23 0.14

Si02

44 36 35

Mn

0.93 1.10 2.00

MnO

10 0.14 5

0.009 0.01

0.017

CaO

20 46.3 20

Cu

0.020 0.025 0.024

MgO

10 0.36

10

0.21 0.02

AI2O3

15 3.2

20

0.20 0.10

0.03

T i0 2

0 4.4 0

Mo

0.04

CaF2

5 9.8

20

Other

Ni 0.03

Fe203

0 0.20 0

Table 3—Response Values for First Series Screening Experiment

Trial

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12

HAZ size, cm2

4.69 4.17 3.57 4.28 3.28 4.46 2.61 3.33 3.60 3.75 4.37 3.68

Dilu­tion, %

37.4 50.2 63.0 49.7 62.5 45.1 43.8 31.3 25.2 68.4 31.3 50.9

Form factor

2.20 5.26 1.52 2.23 1.44 4.21 0.71 2.64 3.84 3.44 2.87 2.57

Welding speed, m/h

0.73 0.47 1.22 1.12 1.42 0.75 1.29 0.62 0.63 1.41 0.70 1.09

Heat input,

k) /m X 103

6.31 8.72 3.04 4.11 3.27 5.47 2.56 5.31 5.88 2.91 5.23 3.04

s h o w n in Table 3. Here it can be seen that the d i f ference b e t w e e n the max imum and the m in imum response values varies by a factor o f 2 for HAZ size, 2.5 fo r percent di lut ion, 7 for f o r m factor and 3 for we ld ing speed and heat input.

A summary of the statistical ef fect and the min imum significant ef fect for each response o f the screening exper iment is shown in Table 4. If the absolute value of an effect is greater than the min imum significant ef fect , then the factor is c o n ­sidered to be significant. Responses w i t h less than the min imum significance depend only weak ly o n the independent variable or else the measured values are w i th in the exper imental scatter. The mag­nitude and algebraic sign of the effects are impor tant , because they determine

the conf idence level and the slope o f the linear relationship b e t w e e n the response and the factor .

From Table 4 it can be seen that: 1. HAZ size increases w i t h increasing

vol tage a n d / o r gap w id th . 2. Percent di lut ion increases w i th

decreasing gap w id th a n d / o r increasing vol tage.

3. Form factor increases w i t h increas­ing gap w id th a n d / o r slag dep th .

4. We ld ing speed increases w i t h decreasing gap w i d t h a n d / o r slag dep th .

5. Heat input increases w i t h increasing gap w id th .

An analysis o f the corre lat ion coef f i ­cients among the f ive responses is s h o w n in Table 5. There is:

1. A posit ive relationship b e t w e e n HAZ size and f o r m factor.

2. A negligible correlat ion b e t w e e n percent di lut ion and either HAZ size or f o r m factor .

3. A negat ive relationship b e t w e e n we ld ing speed and either HAZ size or f o r m factor.

4. A strong posit ive relationship b e t w e e n we ld ing speed and di lut ion as wel l as b e t w e e n heat input and f o r m factor.

5. A relationship b e t w e e n heat input and HAZ size, al though the ef fect is not as direct as pred ic ted by current theories of heat f l o w in fusion weld ing.

Data f r o m the f ive mult iple e lect rode exper iments are tabulated in Table 6. The independent variables fo r these trials are shown in Table 7. It wi l l be no ted f r o m Table 6 that, a l though the heat input var ied by more than a factor of t w o , the HAZ size is essentially unchanged. The we ld travel speed was nearly constant for all four combinat ions o f current and vol tage, yet the heat input changed markedly. The addi t ion of a " c o l d w i r e " (electrically neutral) feed almost doub led the we ld ing speed w i th little change in di lut ion or HAZ size, bu t p roduced a sharp reduct ion in the f o r m factor .

Discussion

The purpose o f the w o r k descr ibed in this paper has been t o study those factors wh ich w o u l d permit a reduct ion in the size of the HAZ in ESW. It is generally

Table 4—Summary of the Statistical Effect and Minimum Significant Effect for Each Response with Each Independent Variable

Independent variables'2'

Response

HAZ Size Percent dilution Form factor Welding speed Heat input

(a) The significant factors (b) 90% confidence leve

Voltage

0.578 11.32

0.568

0.059

0.095

are underlined.

Current

0.298 -3.45

-0.802

0.032

-0.005

Electrode diameter

0.192 4.82

0.485

-0.062

0.045

Flux

-0.168 2.87

0.182

0.008

0.048

Plate gap width

0.575 -19.64

1.505

-0 .606

0.298

Slag depth

-0 .288 -1 .57

-1.042

0.149

-0.078

Minimum significant factor effects(b)

0.575 10.15

0.942

0.129

0.105

398-s I DECEMBER 1982

Table 5—Values of Correlation Coefficients Among Responses

Responses compared

Form factor to HAZ size Dilution to form factor Dilution to HAZ size Welding speed to form factor Welding speed to HAZ size Welding speed to dilution Heat input to form factor Heat input to HAZ size Heat input to welding speed

Correlation coefficient

0.5185 -0.1796 -0.1540 -0.6606 -0.4908

0.7537<a)

0.7434<a)

0.5710 -0.8995(a)

(a) 95"o probability of significance.

accepted that reducing the total heat input is the primary means of reducing the size of the HAZ. However, results for trials 2 and 4 of the screening experiment (Table 3) and trials 1 and 4 of the multiple electrode welds (Table 6) show that, as heat input is reduced by a factor of two, HAZ size may actually increase. This indi­cates that other factors control HAZ size and that heat input, while generally corre­lated to HAZ size (especially in arc weld­ing), is not the primary variable to be considered in ESW.

Heat input was found to be principally dependent on plate gap width, while HAZ size was found to be dependent on plate gap width and welding voltage. Accordingly, a correlation between heat input and HAZ size is expected, but other factors must be considered as well.

The variation of HAZ size with welding voltage may be related to the degree of convection in the slag pool. As shown in Tables 4 and 6, increased voltage increases the dilution, suggesting a great­er degree of convection and better heat transfer to the base plate.

The results in Table 5 show that there is an extremely low correlation between percent dilution and HAZ size, as well as between percent dilution and form fac­tor. These results contradict many com­monly held beliefs concerning the ESW process. HAZ size is not determined by the net heat input nor is the form factor controlled by the extent of dilution. It would appear that, by proper manipula­tion of the process variables, both the HAZ size and the form factor may be controlled without sacrificing dilution.

Increasing the welding voltage de­creases the depth of electrode immersion within the molten slag. At constant elec­trode feed speeds, this requires the elec­

trode to melt within a shorter distance, thereby creating a slag which is hotter locally and more turbulent. This increased turbulence creates a washing effect of the hot slag against the base plate walls. Hence, higher voltages promote melting of the base plates, thereby improving fusion.

The reduction in dilution associated with an increase in plate gap contradicts the work of Paton (Ref. 5) and Boag and Marshall (Ref. 7). The reduction in dilution is believed to be due to a reduction in the convection forces at the slag/base plate interface. This reduced turbulence causes a reduction in the washing effect on the base plate walls and thus a reduction in dilution. Hence, when increased dilution is necessary as in narrow gap welding, higher voltages are preferable; but when dilution is adequate, a reduction in weld­ing voltage may decrease the size of the HAZ.

Figure 1 is a plot of percent dilution vs. heat input. For the single electrode exper­iments the slope of this curve is negative, but for the multiple electrode experi­ments the slope appears to be positive. This correlates well with data obtained by Paton and indicates that the same amount of dilution and a more uniform dilution may be attained at lower heat inputs using multiple electrodes rather than a single electrode. It appears that the use of multiple electrodes, which are closely spaced, may significantly improve the ESW process.

The observation that dilution is not affected by welding current may be due to operation within an intermediate region of electrode feed rates. Both Liby (Ref. 1) and Paton (Ref. 5) found that the dilution reaches a maximum for interme­diate values of electrode feed speed. It is

/ O lo*" vol tage D Mgh vol tape

-i A multiple electrode

.20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70

HEAT INPUT x IO KJ/m

Fig. 1 — Percent dilution as a function of the heat input for all welds made in this study

likely that the experiments reported here were within the flat region of Liby and Paton's electrode feed speed curves.

Welding speed is an important factor in ESW, because increased welding speeds are expected to significantly affect both the form factor and the size of the HAZ. Welding speeds are found to be most significantly affected by plate gap width and to a lesser extent by slag depth — Table 4. The increase in welding speed caused by a decrease in plate gap width can be derived from the definition of welding speed:

Vw = Ve (Ae/Ag)

where V w and Ve are the weld travel speed and electrode feed rate, respec­tively, and Ae and Ag are the cross sectional areas of the electrode and the plate gap.

The form factor is an indicator of the resistance of the weld to centerline cracking. Increasing the voltage and/or reducing the current are believed to be major factors in improving the form fac­tor. However, the results in Table 4 show that increasing the plate gap width and/ or the slag depth reduces the welding speed and produces a more favorable solidification pattern in the weld pool, thus increasing the form factor.

Table 6-

Trial

1 2 3 4 5

-Results of Multiple

HAZ size, cm2

3.68 4.13 3.19 3.94 3.71

Electrode Experiments

0 /

Dilution

77.32 68.34 51.32 13.71 66.65

Form factor

3.58 2.35 3.55 2.57 1.54

Welding speed, m/h

1.11 1.25 1.05 1.17 2.10

Heat input,

k|/m X 103

5.02 3.18 3.54 2.25 2.65

Feed rate of supplementary

filler material, kg/h

0 0 0 0

1.54

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT 1399-s

Table 7—Values of Independent Variables Used in Multiple Electrode Experiments'*'

Trial

1 2 3 4 5

Voltage, V

45 32 45 32 45

Current, A

600 600 400 400 600

Electrode diameter, mm

2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38

2.38, 1.59<b>

(a) Flux C and a 15 mm plate gap were used for all welds. (b) The smaller diameter electrode was used as a cold wire feed into the slag bath.

I 0

HEAT INPUT X 10 KJ/m

Fig. 2-Form factor as a function of heat input

Figure 2 is a p lot of heat input vs. f o r m factor. It is seen that f o r m factor values increase w i t h increasing heat input and that higher f o r m factor values at lower heat inputs may be attained by using mult iple electrodes. This is most likely due to the bet ter distr ibut ion of heat w h e n using mult iple electrodes.

From the forego ing data, it is seen that the size o f the HAZ in ESW can be minimized by using a min imum plate gap and a m in imum vol tage. The use of l ower voltages, h o w e v e r , results in l ower levels o f di lut ion and the possibility of lack fusion defects. Figure 1 suggests that this p rob lem may be ove rcome by the use of mult iple or oscillating electrodes.

Decreasing the plate gap w i d t h requires the use o f less viscous slags w i t h mult ip le a n d / o r oscillating electrodes to gain a un i fo rm penetrat ion across the face o f the base plate. Unfor tunate ly , decreasing plate gap w i d t h has a detr i ­mental ef fect o n the f o r m factor . Clearly, plate gap wid ths should be reduced as long as the f o r m factor is kept w i th in acceptable limits if one is to minimize the HAZ size. Further increases in the f o r m factor may be gained by using deeper slag pools.

Improvements in the ESW process may be made wh ich wil l result in large reduc­tions in the total heat input. Howeve r , these improvements must be made at the cost o f greater process con t ro l . Reduc­t ions in heat input f r o m standard pract ice

o f a factor of three t o f ive are deemed practical w i t h present techniques and equ ipment . Howeve r , the resulting bene­fits of decreased HAZ size and improved impact propert ies wil l p robab ly not be great. Indeed, the present study has shown that variations in the operat ing parameters may p roduce large changes in the di lut ion, the f o r m factor , the w e l d ­ing speed and the heat input, whi le changes in the HAZ size are relatively small. It has fur ther been s h o w n that the HAZ size of ESW is not a simple funct ion of the heat input as previous theories pred ic ted.

The use o f closely spaced mult iple electrodes prov ides several advantages. Perhaps the most impor tant is the ability t o reduce the plate gap w i d t h w i thou t sacrificing di lut ion.

Conclus ions

From the results o f some seventeen trials o f the ESW process, it may be conc luded that:

1. Heat input should not be consid­e red the pr imary factor af fect ing the size o f the HAZ.

2. Di lut ion is primarily inf luenced by we ld ing vol tage and plate gap w id th . The effect o f slag dep th on di lut ion is of lesser significance. A t intermediate values o f e lect rode feed speed the di lut ion is not inf luenced by we ld ing current .

3. There is a weak correlat ion b e t w e e n percent di lut ion and HAZ size and b e t w e e n percent d i lut ion and the f o r m factor.

4. The same amount of di lut ion and a more un i fo rm di lut ion may be obta ined at l ower heat inputs by use of mult iple electrodes.

5. Di lut ion increases w i t h increasing we ld ing speed at a faster rate w h e n using mult iple electrodes rather than a single e lect rode. This is beneficial w h e n we ld ing w i th na r row plate gaps.

6. The addi t ion of supplementary filler material was f ound to increase we ld ing speed by a factor of t w o and reduce the f o r m factor by a factor of t w o . The size o f the HAZ remained constant.

7. W e l d i n g speed is most significantly af fected by plate gap w i d t h and to a lesser extent by slag dep th .

8. The f o r m factor increases w i th increasing heat input. Higher f o r m factor values may be attained at l ower heat

inputs by using mult iple electrodes rather than a single e lect rode.

9. The f o r m factor is most significantly a f fected by plate gap w i d t h and slag dep th . The effects of current and vol tage o n the f o r m factor are o f lesser signifi­cance.

9. Heat input and HAZ size w e r e found to be principally dependen t o n the same process variable, plate gap w id th . HAZ size is also dependen t o n the w e l d ­ing vol tage.

10. In a t tempt ing to reduce the size o f the HAZ, plate gap wid ths should be reduced as long as the f o r m factor is kept wi th in acceptable limits. Further improve­ments in the process may be gained by using m in imum weld ing vol tages, more exact joint f i tup, deeper and less viscous slags, and mult ip le a n d / o r oscillating elec­trodes.

11 . Significant reduct ions in the HAZ size w i t h resultant improvements in the impact propert ies are not expected w h e n the heat input t o the ESW process is reduced by as much as a factor o f f ive.

A ckno wledgments

The authors are grateful for suppor t o f this w o r k under Depar tmen t o f Energy contract N o . DE-AC02-78ER 94799-A 0 0 1 .

References

1. Liby, A. L., and Olson, D. L. 1974. Metal­lurgical aspects of electroslag welding: a review. Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines 69:41-73.

2. Benter, S. P. |r.; Konkol, P.).; Kapadia, B. M.; Shoemaker, A. K.; and Sovak, |. F. 1977 (April 1). Acceptance criteria for electroslag weldments in bridges, phase 1. Transportation Research Board final report NCHRP 10-10.

3. Vaidya, V.; Coulter, W.; and Graville, B. A. 1976 (lune). Metals to improve the impact properties of electroslag welds. Welding and Metal Fabrication 44(5):345-349.

4. Frost, R. H., Edwards, G. R.; and Reinlan-der, D. 1981. A constitutive equation for the critical energy input during electroslag weld­ing. Welding lournal 60(1):1-s to 6-s.

5. Paton, B. E. 1962. Electroslag welding, 2nd ed., (translated from the Russion edition of 1959). New York: American Welding Society.

6. Santilhano, P. O., and Hamilton, I. G., 1964. Experience in electroslag welding. British Welding lournal 11(6):256-275.

7. Boag, D. ). W., and Marshall, W. K. P. 1959. A new electroslag welding process. British Welding journal 6(11):507-513.

8. Matsouka, T.; Araki, M.; Suzuki, H.; and Murai, N. 1967. Electroslag welding with coated consumable nozzles. British Welding lournal 14(6):287-298.

9. Nolan, M. V., and Apps, R. L. 1969. Investigation in consumable guide welding. Welding and Metal Fabrication 37(11):464-470.

10. Plackett, R. L. and Burman, ]. P. 1946. The design of optimum multifactorial experi­ments. Biometrika 33:305.

11. Deb Roy, T.; Szekely, ).; and Eagar, T. W. 1980 (Dec). Heat generation patterns and temperature profiles in electroslag welding. Met. Trans. 11B(4):593-605.

400-s | DECEMBER 1 9 8 2

WELDING JOURNAL INDEX VOLUME 61 —1982

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135

Part 1—WELDING JOURNAL

SUBJECT INDEX

•Abrasive Wear, Selective Surfacing Takes the Brunt of High — 56 (Nov.).

Adaptive Feed-Forward Digital Control of CTA Welding — ). J. Scott and H. Brandt, 36 to 41 (Mar.).

Aerospace Industry, Selected Furnace Brazed Components for t h e - W . T. Hooven, III, 15 to 20 (Oct.).

Alcohol on a Manual Arc Welding Task, The Effect of — D. L. Price and R. ). Liddle, 15 to 19 (July).

*Aluminum Extrusion Triples Mast Inventory — 54, (Feb.). •Aluminum Radiator Tubes at 600 FPM, Mill Welds Thin-

W a l l - 5 2 (Oct.). Arc Blow, Remanent Magnetism —A Cause of —E. Halmoy, 43

to 47 (Sept.). Arc Welding, Some Aspects of Bead Deposition in Underwater

Gas Metal —D. Chandiramani, 35 to 38 (May). Arc Welding Control, Infrared Temperature Sensing of Cooling

Rates f o r - W . E. Lukens and R. A. Morris, 27 to 33 (Jan.).

*Arc Welding Robot Senses, Corrects for Fit-up Errors —53 (Sept.).

Aspects of Bead Deposition in Underwater Cas Metal Arc Welding, Some —D. Chandiramani, 35 to 38 (May).

Attachments of Thermocouple Instrumentation to Test Compo­nents by All-Position Percussion Welding —E. C. Thomp­son, 31 to 33 ()une).

*Automated Welding System Turns Out Radiator Supports at 10 /Minu te-57 to 58 (Sept.).

Automatic Brazing Systems — C. Henschel and D. Evans, 29 to 32 (Oct.).

•Automatic GMAW Speeds Transmission Part Production — 54 to 55 (Sept.).

*Auto Wheels an Hour, Welding Line Assembles 9 0 0 - 4 4 to 45 (Aug.).

*Axle Welding, Programmable System Automates-56 (Sept.). •Baggage Carts Built to Take It — 43 ()une). •Barge Builder Refines Weld-Assembly Methods, Minnesota —J.

Weber, 44 to 45 (Dec). Bead Deposition in Underwater Gas Metal Arc Welding, Some

Aspects of —D. Chandiramani, 35 to 38 (May). •Bent Welded Industrial Rings Draw Interest, Lower Cost —40

*A Practical Welder article

to 41 (May). Brazed Components for the Aerospace Industry, Selected

Furnace-W. T. Hooven, III, 15 to 20 (Oct.). Brazing Filler Metals for Titanium Assemblies, Laminating —S. W.

Lan, 23 to 28 (Oct.). Brazing Systems, Automatic — C. Henschel and D. Evans, 29 to

32 (Oct.). •Buckling in Weld Repair of Thin-Gauge Stainless, Compound

Stops - 42 (May). Butt Welds Using Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducers, Ultra­

sonic Nondestructive Evaluation of — C. M. Fortunko and R. E. Schramm, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

Ceramic Weld Backing Evaluation —R. E. Cantrell, 27 to 34, (March).

Challenge to Inspection Know-How — A Case History — R. Hud­son, 21 to 26 (Feb.).

*Clad Plate Cuts Costs, Maintenance of EB Welding Uni ts -43 (Aug.).

•Compact Plasma Torch Solves Surfacing Problem —44 (May). •Compound Stops Buckling in Weld Repair of Thin-Gauge

Stainless-42 (May). •Consultants — More than Troubleshooters, Welding —O.

McWayne, 63 to 64 (April). •Convertible, Welding Helps Bring Back the Classic American —

50 to 51 (Oct.). Cooling Rates for Arc Welding Control, Infrared Temperature

Sensing of —W. E. Lukens and R. A. Morris, 27 to 33 (Ian.).

Copper-Nickel for Ship Hull Constructions —Welding and Eco­nomics-L. W. Sandor, 23 to 30 (Dec).

Curtains, Transparent Welding —D. H Sliney, C. E. Moss, C. G. Miller and J. B. Stephens, 17 to 24 (May).

Design of Welding Examination —P. D. Watson, 32 to 35 (Feb.).

Development of Stainless Steel Sealing Washers for LNG Tanker Repairs-W. R. Schick, 15 to 21 (Dec).

Diffusion of Welding for Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Applica­t i ons -D . R. Spriggs and M. C. Muth, 41 to 48 (Nov.).

Digital Control of GTA Welding, Adaptive Feed-Forward —JJ. Scott and H. Brandt, 36 to 41 (Mar.).

•Do's and Dont's of Electrode Wire Selection —51 to 52 (Mar.).

Dragline, Electroslag Welding Used to Fabricate World's Largest Crawler Driven —J. S. Noruk, 15 to 19 (Aug.).

Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection — R. Seiner, 28 to 31 (Feb.).

*EB Welding Units, Clad Plate Cuts Costs, Maintenance-43 (Aug.).

Effect of Alcohol on a Manual Arc Welding Task —D. L. Price and R. J. Liddle, 15 to 19 (July).

Effects of Welding Health: Evidence, Problems, Future Research Suggestions, The —R. S. Anderson, 40 to 44 (April).

Effects of Wind on Radiographic Quality of Weld Deposition in Low-Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes — K. W. Henrie and R. E. Long, 47 to 50 (April).

Efficiency and Economy of the Oxyacetylene Process —H. A. Sosnin, 46 to 48 (Oct.).

Electrodeposition to Provide Coatings for Solid State Bonding, Use o f - J . W. Dini, 33 to 39 (Nov.).

•Electrode Wire Selection, Do's and Dont's of —51 to 52 (Mar.).

Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducers, Ultrasonic Nondestruc­tive Evaluation of Butt Welds Using — C. M. Fortunko and R. E. Schramm, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

Electron Beam Gun Operation in the Soft Vacuum Environment, Mobile —G. A. Goeppner, 33 to 38 (April).

Electron Beam Welding in India, Nuclear Applications of —S. Challappa, R. S. Alekal and M. G. Shrinivasan, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

Electroslag Welding Used to Fabricate World's Largest Crawler Driven Dragline-J. S. Noruk, 15 to 19 (Aug.).

•Energy Costs, Shipbuilder Beats the Elements While Cutting — 46 to 47 (Dec).

Equipment Applications for Robots —R. J. Keag, Jr., 37 to 40 (Sept.).

Examination, Design for Weld ing-P. D. Watson, 32 to 35 (Feb.).

•Extra Operation Speeds Production — 46 (May). Failures: They Could Be the Result of Violating Simple Design

Principles, Part I, W e l d - O . W. Blodgett, 16 to 23 (Mar.). Failures: They Could Be the Result of Violating Simple Design

Principles, Part II, W e l d - O . W. Blodgett, 25 to 31 (April).

Filler Metals for Titanium Assemblies, Laminating Brazing —S. W. Lan, 23 to 28 (Oct.).

•Fit-up Errors, Arc Welding Robot Senses, Corrects for —53 (Sept.).

Flame Cutting of Beveled Mitre Joints, Mechanized — L. J. Privoznik and S. C. Light, Jr., 37 to 40 (Aug.).

Flash Butt Welding of Marine Pipeline Materials —D. L. Turner, Jr., B. E. Paton, V. K. Lebedev and S. I. Kutchuk-Yatsenko, 17 to 22 (April).

•'Flexible Manufacturing Speeds Tank Assembly —54 to 55 (Feb.).

Flux Practices in the Lamp Industry, Soldering and — I . S. Good­man, 34 to 37 (Oct.).

•Flux Recovery System, Wheel Maker Cuts Cost with Vacu­um—50 (Jan.).

Flux Technology, Some Recent Advances In —W. Rubin, 39 to 44 (Oct.).

•Fume Removal System Cuts Costs, Recirculates Air, Welding — 53 to 54 (Nov.).

Galvalume Sheet Steel, Resistance Welding of — J. C. Baker and C. F. Meitzner, 21 to 28 (June).

Gas Turbine Applications, Diffusion Welding for Water-C o o l e d - D . R. Spriggs and M. C. Muth, 41 to 48 (Nov.).

•Giant X-ray Source Checks Nuclear Reactor Vessels —49 (Feb.).

*A Practical Welder article

•GMAW a Plus for Midwestern Metalworker, Pulsed —J. Weber, 51 to 52 (Nov.).

GMAW Means Understanding Wire Quality, Equipment and Process Variables, Reliable-K. A. Lyttle, 43 to 48 (Mar.).

•GMAW Speeds Transmission Part Production, Automatic —54 to 55 (Sept.).

GTA Welding, Adaptive Feed-Forward Digital Control of —J. J. Scott and H. Brandt, 36 to 41 (Mar.).

GTA Welding, The Improvement of Efficiency in Out-of-Position —Y. Ogata, I. Aida, M. Nagashima and K. Shibuya, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

Hardfacing Alloys, Selection and Use of —R. J. Dawson, S. Shewchuk and J. E. Pritchard, 15 to 23 (Nov.).

•Hardfacing Technology— Fighting the Battle Against Wear —R. Lee Baker, 42 to 44 (July).

Health: Evidence, Problems, Future Research Suggestions, The Effects of Welding on — R.S. Anderson, 40 to 44 (April).

•Heavy Equipment Welding Systems Go Beyond Robotics —J. Weber, 50 to 51 (Sept.).

High Current Resistance Welding of Nuclear Waste Contain­e rs -B . J. Eberhard and J. W. Kelker, Jr., 15 to 19 (June).

•Home Study Course Educates Distributor Salesforce, Welding Technology —42 to 43 (Aug.).

•How to Avoid Regulator Burnout — 48 (Dec). Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes, Effects of Wind on Radiographic

Quality of Weld Deposited with Low — K. W. Henrie and R. E. Long, 47 to 50 (April).

Improved Method for the Determination of Water in Welding Electrode Coatings —E. L. Montgomery, 39 to 42 (Dec).

Improvement of Efficiency in Out-of-Position GTA Welding —Y. Ogata, I. Aida, M. Nagashima and K. Shibuya, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

India, Nuclear Applications of Electron Beam Welding in —S. Challapa, R. S. Alekal and M. G. Shrinivasan, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

Infrared Temperature Sensing and Cooling Rates for Arc Weld­ing Control —W. E. Lukens and R. A. Morris, 27 to 33 (Jan.).

Inspection Know-How —A Case History, A Challenge to —R. Hudson, 21 to 26 (Feb.).

Integration of a Robotic Welding System with Existing Manufac­turing Processes-R. C. Wolke, 23 to 28 (Sept.).

Laminating Brazing Filler Metals for Titanium Assemblies —S. W. Lan, 23 to 28 (Oct.).

Lamp Industry, Soldering and Flux Practices — I . S. Goodman, 34 to 37 (Oct.).

•Largest Tube Weld Line Delivered - 53 (Oct.).

Magnetic Particle Inspection, Dye Penetrant and —R. Seiner, 28 to 31 (Feb.).

Magnetism —A Cause of Arc Blow, Remanent —E. Halmoy, 43 to 47 (Sept.).

Manual Arc Welding Task, The Effect of Alcohol on a — D. L. Price and R. J. Liddle, 15 to 19 (July).

Marine Pipeline Materials, Flash Butt Welding of —D. L. Turner, Jr., B. E. Paton, V. K. Lebedev and S. I. Kutchuk-Yatsenko, 17 to 22 (April).

Mechanized Flame Cutting of Beveled Mitre Joints —L. J. Privoz­nik and S. C. Light, Jr., 37 to 40 (Aug.).

•Mechanized Welding Revives Shipyard Productivity — 43 to 45 (Jan.).

Metallurgy Superalloys, A New Approach to the Weldability of Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder —M. H. Haafkens and J. H. G. Matthey, 25 to 30 (Nov.).

•Mill Welds Thin-Wall Aluminum Radiator Tubes at 600 F P M -52 (Oct.).

•Minnesota Barge Builder Refines Weld-Assembly Methods —J. Weber, 44 to 45 (Dec).

Mobile Electron Beam Gun Operation in the Soft Vacuum Environment — G. A. Goeppner, 33 to 38 (April).

Multi-Electrodes in SAW with Square Wave AC Power —T. A. Bunker, 36 to 40 (July).

Narrow-Gap Welding of Thick-Walled Components, Sub­merged Arc —H. Hantsch, K. Million and H. Zimmerman, 27 to 34 (July).

•Navy Saves Millions Surfacing New and Worn Equipment — 44 to 46 (June).

NDT: Profit, Not Cost in Weld ing-J . K. Aman, 16 to 18 (Feb.).

New Approach to the Weldability of Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder Metallurgy Superalloys —M. H. Haafkens and J. H. G. Matthey, 25 to 30 (Nov.).

Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder Metallurgy Superalloys, A New Approach to the Weldability of — M. H. Haafkens and J. H. C. Matthey, 25 to 30 (Nov.).

•Nickel Stainless Tanks Boost Brewer's Yield, W e l d e d - 4 6 (Aug.).

North Sea Oil, Unique Structure to T a p - J . Weber, 21 to 25 (July).

Nuclear Applications of Electron Beam Welding in India — S. Challappa, R. S. Alekal and M. C. Shrinivasan, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

•Nuclear Reactor Vessels, Giant X-Ray Source Checks —49 (Feb.).

Nuclear Waste Containers, High Current Resistance Welding o f - B . J. Eberhard and J. W. Kelker, Jr., 15 to 19 (June).

Out-of-Position GTA Welding, The Improvement of Efficiency i n - Y . Ogata, I. Aida, M. Nagashima and K. Shibuya, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

Oxyacetylene Process, Efficiency and Economy of the — H. A. Sosnin, 46 to 48 (Oct.).

Percussion Welding, Attachment of Thermocouple Instrumenta­tion to Test Components by All-Position —E. G. Thompson, 31 to 33 (June).

Pipeline Materials, Flash Butt Welding of Marine —D. L. Turner, Jr., B. E. Paton, V. K. Lebedev and S. I. Kutchuk-Yatsenko, 17 to 22 (April).

•Piping, Socket Welds —Inexpensive Design for Small Diame­ter—J. Laskonis and G. Lycan, 50 to 51 (Feb.).

Planning the Total Plasma Arc Cutting System —S. A. Maguire, 33 to 37 (Dec).

Plasma Arc Cutting System, Planning the Total —S.A. Maguire, 33 to 37 (Dec).

•Plasma Spray System Hikes Fan Disc Output —53 to 54 (Mar.).

•Plasma Torch Solves Surfacing Problem, Compact —44 (May).

•Pollution Control Pays for Shock Absorber Manufacturer —46 (Jan.).

•Portable Welding Unit, Shipbuilder Hikes Production with —39 to 40 (June).

•Productivity; Welding, Robots a n d - K . E. McKee, 30 to 35 (Sept.).

•Programmable Machine GMA Welds Wide Range of Parts — 48 (July).

•Programmable Machine Makes Eight Welds Per Hour —58 (Nov.).

•Programmable System Automates Axle Welding —56 (Sept.). •Pulsed GMAW a Plus for Midwestern Metalworker —J.

Weber, 51 to 52 (Nov.). •Radiator Supports at 10/Minute, Automated Welding System

Turns O u t - 5 7 to 58 (Sept.).

*A Practical Welder article

•Radiator Tubes at 600 FPM, Mill Welds Thin-Wall Aluminum -52 (Oct.).

•Regulator Burnout, How to Avoid —48 (Dec). Reliable GMAW Means Understanding Wire Quality, Equipment

and Process Variables - K . A. Lyttle, 43 to 48 (Mar.). Remanent Magnetism — A Cause of Arc Blow — E. Halmoy, 43 to

47 (Sept.). Resistance Welding of Galvalume Sheet Steel —J. C. Baker and

C. Meitzner, 21 to 28 (June). Resistance Welding of Nuclear Waste Containers, High Cur­

ren t -B . J. Eberhard and J. W. Kelker, Jr., 15 to 19 (June). •Rings Draw Interest, Lower Costs; Bent/Welded Industrial — 40

to 41 (May). •Robot Senses, Corrects for Fit-up Errors; Arc Welding —53

(Sept.). Robotic Arc Welding —What Makes a System? —D. P. Soroka

and R. D. Sigman, 15 to 21 (Sept.). •Robotics, Heavy Equipment Welding Systems Go Beyond —J.

Weber, 50 to 51 (Sept.). Robotic Welding System with Existing Manufacturing Processes,

Integration of a - R . C Wolke, 23 to 28 (Sept.). Robots, Equipment Applications for —R. J. Keag, Jr., 37 to 40

(Sept.). Robots and Productivity; Welding - K . E. McKee, 30 to 35

(Sept.).

SAW with Square Wave AC Power, Multi-Electrodes i n - T . A. Bunker, 36 to 40 (July).

•Scrap Pile Welder Training — D. Ragsdale, 57 (April). •Sculptor Welds Himself a Studio-52 to 53 (Feb.). Selected Furnace Brazed Components for the Aerospace Indus­

t r y - W . T. Hooven, III, 15 to 20 (Oct.). Selection and Use of Hardfacing Alloys —R. J. Dawson, S.

Shewchuk, J. E. Pritchard, 15 to 23 (Nov.). •Selective Surfacing Takes the Brunt of High Abrasive Wear —

56 (Nov.). Ship Hull Constructions —Welding and Economics, Copper-

Nickel f o r - L . W. Sandor, 23 to 30 (Dec). Ship Machinery Components, Thermal Spraying Naval —M. D.

Schmeller and S. W. Vittori, 21 to 25 (Aug.). •Shipbuilder Beats the Elements While Cutting Energy Costs, 46

to 47 (Dec). •Shipbuilder Hikes Production with Portable Welding Unit —39

to 40 (June). •Shipyard Productivity, Mechanized Welding Revives — 43 to 45

(Jan.). •Shock Absorber Manufacturer, Pollution Control Pays for —46

(Jan.). SMAW Electrodes, Effects of Wind on Radiographic Quality of

Weld Deposited with Low-Hydrogen —K. W. Henrie and R. E. Long, 47 to 50 (April).

•Socket Welds — Inexpensive Design for Small Diameter Pip­ing—J. Laskonis and G. Lycan, 50 to 51 (Feb.).

Soldering and Flux Practices in the Lamp Industry — I . S. Good­man, 34 to 37 (Oct.).

Solid State Bonding, Use of Electrodeposition to Provide Coat­ings f o r - J . W. Dini, 33 to 39 (Nov.).

Some Recent Advances in Flux Technology — W. Rubin, 39 to 44 (Oct.).

•South Carolina Gets a Peach of a Tank —60 to 61 (April). Square Wave AC Power, Multi-Electrodes in SAW with —T. A.

Bunker, 36 to 40 (July). •Stainless, Compound Stops Buckling in Weld-Repair of Thin-

Gauge—42 (May). Stainless Steel Sealing Washers for LNG Tanker Repairs, The

Development o f - W . R. Schick, 15 to 21 (Dec). •Stainless Tanks Boost Brewer's Yield, Welded Nickel —46

(Aug.).

Steel, Resistance Welding of Galvalume Sheet —J. C. Baker and C. F. Meitzner, 21 to 28 (June).

Submerged Arc Narrow-Gap Welding of Thick-Walled Compo­nents—H. Hantsch, K. Million, and H. Zimmerman, 27 to 34 (July).

•Surfacing Alloy Doubles the Service Life of Drill Stabilizer Blades - 49 (Dec).

•Surfacing New and Worn Equipment, Navy Saves Millions —44 to 46 (June).

•Surfacing Takes the Brunt of High Abrasive Wear, Selective — 56 (Nov.).

•Tank, South Carolina Gets a Peach of a —60 to 61 (April). •Tank Assembly, Flexible Manufacturing Speeds —54 to 55

(Feb.). Tanker Repairs, The Development of Stainless Steel Sealing

Washers for L N G - W . R. Schick, 15 to 21 (Dec). •Teaching Techniques, Welding Instructors Trained in Latest —

48 (Jan.). Teaching Welding to Management - E. G. Hornberger and W.

B. Flowers, 27 to 32 (May). Temperature Sensing of Cooling Rates for Arc Welding Control,

Infrared —W. E. Lukens and R. A. Morris, 27 to 33 (Jan.). Test Components by All-Position Percussion Welding, Attach­

ment of Thermocouple Instrumentation to — E. G. Thomp­son, 31 to 33 (June.).

Thermocouple Instrumentation to Test Components by All-Position Percussion Welding, Attachment of —E. G. Thompson, 31 to 33 (June).

Thick-Walled Components, Submerged Arc Narrow-Gap Weld­ing of — H. Hantsch, K. Million and H. Zimmerman, 27 to 34 (July).

Titanium Assemblies, Laminating Brazing Filler Metals for —S. W. Lan, 23 to 28 (Oct.).

•Torch Solves Surfacing Problem, Compact Plasma —44 (May).

•Trainees Start at the Very Beginning — an Interview, Welder — 53 to 55 (April).

•Training, Scrap Pile Welder —D. Ragsdale, 57 (April). •Training Program Moves Workers into Well-Paying Welder,

Machinist Jobs —35 to 36 (June). Transducers, Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Butt

Welds Using Electromagnetic-Acoustic —C. M. Fortunko and R. E. Schramm, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

•Transmission Part Production, Automatic GMAW Speeds —54 to 55 (Sept.).

Transparent Welding Curtains —D. H. Sliney, C. E. Moss, C. G. Miller and J. B. Stephens, 17 to 24 (May).

•Tube Weld Line Delivered, Largest-53 (Oct.). Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Butt Welds Using Elec­

tromagnetic-Acoustic Transducers —C. M. Fortunko and R. E. Schramm, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

Unique Structure to Tap North Sea Oil —J. Weber, 21 to 25 (July).

Use of Electrodeposition to Provide Coatings for Solid State Bonding-J. W. Dini, 33 to 39 (Nov.).

Vacuum Environment, Mobile Electron Beam Gun Operation in the Soft —G. A. Goeppner, 33 to 38 (April).

•Vacuum Flux Recovery System, Wheel Maker Cuts Costs w i t h - 5 0 (Jan.).

Weld Failures: They Could be the Result of Violating Simple Design Principles, Part l - O . W. Blodgett, 16 to 23 (Mar.).

Weld Failures: They Could be the Result of Violating Simple Design Principles, Part I I - O . W. Blodgett, 25 to 31 (April).

Weldability of Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder Metallurgy Superalloys, A New Approach to the —M. H. Haafkens, and J. H. G. Matthey, 25 to 30 (Nov.).

•Welded Nickel Stainless Tanks Boost Brewer's Yield —46 (Aug.).

Welding Consultants —More Than Troubleshooters — O. McWane, 63 to 64 (April).

Welding Electrode Coatings — Improved Method for the Deter­mination of Water in —E. L. Montgomery, 39 to 42 (Dec).

•Welding Instructors Trained in Latest Teaching Techniques — 48 (Jan.).

Welding Journal —Six Decades of Reporting, The —T. P. Schoonmaker, 17 to 23 (Jan.).

•Welding Students Burn Midnight O i l - 4 9 (Mar.). Welding for Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Applications, Diffu­

s i o n - D . R. Spriggs and M. C. Muth, 41 to 48 (Nov.). •Welding Fume Removal System Cuts Costs, Recirculates Air —

53 to 54 (Nov.). •Welding Helps Bring Back the Classic American Convertible —

50 to 51 (Oct.). •Welding Line Assembles 900 Auto Wheels an Hour —44 to 45

(Aug.). Welding, Robots, and Productivity-K. E. McKee, 30 to 35

(Sept.). •Welding Technology Home Study Course Educates Distributor

Salesforce —42 to 43 (Aug.). •Welds at 200 Parts per Hour, Programmable Machine Makes

Eight-58 (Nov.). Wheel Maker Cuts Costs with Vacuum Flux Recovery System —

50 (Jan.). •X-ray Source Checks Nuclear Reactor Vessels, Giant —49

(Feb.).

*A Practical Welder article

IV

AUTHOR INDEX

Aida, I., Ogata, Y., Nagashima, M. and Shibuya, K. — The Improvement of Efficiency in Out-of-Position GTA Weld­ing, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

Alekal, R. S., Shrinivasan, M. G. and Challappa, S. — Nuclear Applications of Electron Beam Welding in India, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

Aman, J. K . -NDT: Profit, Not Cost in Welding, 16 to 18 (Feb.).

Anderson, R. S. — The Effects of Welding on Health: Evidence, Problems, Future Research Suggestions, 40 to 44 (April).

Baker, J. C. and Meitzner, C. F. — Resistance Welding of Galva­lume Sheet Steel, 21 to 28 (June).

•Baker, R. Lee — Hardfacing Technology — Fighting the Battle Against Wear, 36 to 40 (July).

Blodgett, O. W . - W e l d Failures: They Could Be the Result of Violating Simple Design Principles — Part I, 16 to 23 (Mar.).

Blodgett, O. W . - W e l d Failures: They Could Be the Result of Violating Simple Design Principles — Part II, 25 to 31 (April).

Brandt, H. and Scott, J. J. —Adaptive Feed-Forward Digital Control of GTA Welding, 36 to 41 (Mar.).

Bunker, T. A. — Multi-Electrodes in SAW with Square Wave AC Power, 36 to 40 (July).

Cantrell, R. E. — Ceramic Weld Backing Evaluation, 27 to 34 (Mar.).

Challappa, S., Alekal, R. S. and Shrinivasan, M. G. — Nuclear Applications of Electron Beam Welding in India, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

Chandiramani, D. — Some Aspects of Bead Deposition in Under­water Gas Metal Arc Welding, 35 to 38 (May).

Dawson, R. J., Shewchuk, S. and Pritchard, J. E. — Selection and Use of Hardfacing Alloys, 15 to 23 (Nov.).

Dini, J. W. — Use of Electrodeposition to Provide Coatings for Solid State Bonding, 33 to 39 (Nov.).

Eberhard, B. J. and Kelker, J. W., Jr.-High Current Resistance Welding of Nuclear Waste Containers, 15 to 19 (June).

Evans, D. and Henschel, C —Automatic Brazing Systems, 26 to 32 (Oct.).

Flowers, W. B. and Hornberger, E. G. — Teaching Welding to Management, 27 to 32 (May).

Fortunko, C. M. and Schramm, R. E. — Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Butt Welds Using Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducers, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

Goeppner, G. A.— Mobile Electron Beam Gun Operation in the Soft Vacuum Environment, 33 to 38 (April).

Goodman, I. S. — Soldering and Flux Practices in the Lamp Industry, 34 to 37 (Oct.).

Haafkens, M. H. and Matthey, J. H. G. — A New Approach to the Weldability of Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder Metallurgy Superalloys, 25 to 30 (Nov.).

Halmoy, E. — Remanent Magnetism —A Cause of Arc Blow, 43 to 47 (Sept.).

Hantsch, H , Million, K. and Zimmerman, H. — Submerged Arc Narrow-Gap Welding of Thick-Walled Components, 27 to 34 (July).

Henrie, K. W. and Long, R. E. — Effects of Wind on Radiographic Quality of Weld Deposited with Low-Hydrogen SMAW

*A Practical Welder article

Electrodes, 47 to 50 (April). Henschel, C. and Evans, D. — Automatic Brazing Systems, 29 to

32 (Oct.). Hooven, W. T., Ill —Selected Furnace Brazed Components for

the Aerospace Industry, 15 to 20 (Oct.). Hornberger, E. G. and Flowers, W. B. — Teaching Welding to

Management, 27 to 32 (May). Hudson, R . - A Challenge to Inspection Know-How —A Case

History, 21 to 26 (Feb.). Keag, R. J., Jr.— Equipment Applications for Robots, 37 to 40

(Sept.). Kelker, J. W., Jr. and Eberhard, B. J. —High Current Resistance

Welding of Nuclear Waste Containers, 15 to 19 (June). Kutchuk-Yatsenko, S. I., Turner, D. L., Jr., Paton, B. E. and

Lebedev, V. K. —Flash Butt Welding of Marine Pipeline Materials, 17 to 22 (April).

Lan, S. W. — Laminating Brazing Filler Metals for Titanium Assem­blies, 23 to 28 (Oct.).

•Laskonis, J. and Lycan, G. — Socket Welds — Inexpensive Design for Small Diameter Piping, 50 to 51 (Feb.).

Lebedev, V. K., Kutchuk-Yatsenko, S. I., Turner, D. L., Jr. and Paton, B. E. —Flash Butt Welding of Marine Pipeline Materials, 17 to 22 (April).

Liddle, R. J. and Price, D. L. - The Effect of Alcohol on a Manual Arc Welding Task, 15 to 19 (July).

Light, S. C , Jr. and Privoznik, L. J. — Mechanized Flame Cutting of Beveled Mitre Joints, 37 to 40 (Aug.).

Long, R. E. and Henrie, K. W. — Effects of Wind on Radiographic Quality of Weld Deposited with Low-Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes, 47 to 50 (April).

Lukens, W. E. and Morris, R. A. — Infrared Temperature Sensing of Cooling Rates for Arc Welding Control, 27 to 33 (Jan.).

•Lycan, G. and Laskonis, J. —Socket Welds —Inexpensive Design for Small Diameter Piping, 50 to 51 (Feb.).

Lyttle, K. A.— Reliable GMAW Means Understanding Wire Quality, Equipment and Process Variables, 43 to 48 (Mar.).

Maguire, S. A. — Planning the Total Plasma Arc Cutting System, 33 to 37 (Dec).

Matthey, J. H. G. and Haafkens, M. H. — A New Approach to the Weldability of Nickel-Base As-Cast and Powder Metallurgy Superalloys 25 to 30 (Nov.).

McKee, K. E. — Welding, Robots, and Productivity, 30 to 35 (Sept.).

•McWane, O. — Welding Consultants —More Than Trouble-shooters, 63 to 64 (April).

Meitzner, C. F. and Baker, J. C. — Resistance Welding of Galva­lume Sheet Steel, 21 to 28 (June).

Miller, C. C , Stephens, J. B., Sliney, D. H. and Moss, C. E. — Transparent Welding Curtains, 17 to 24 (May).

Million, K., Hantsch, H. and Zimmerman, H. — Submerged Arc Narrow-Gap Welding of Thick-Walled Components, 27 to 34 (July).

Montgomery, E. L. — Improved Method for the Determination of Water in Welding Electrode Coatings, 39 to 42 (Dec).

Morris, R. A. and Lukens, W. E. — Infrared Temperature Sensing of Cooling Rates for Arc Welding Control, 27 to 33 (Jan.).

Moss, C. E., Miller, C. G., Stephens, J. B. and Sliney, D. H. — Transparent Welding Curtains, 17 to 24 (May).

Muth, M. C. and Spriggs, D. R. — Diffusion Welding for Water-

Cooled Gas Turbine Applications, 41 to 48 (Nov.). Nagashima, M., Ogata, Y., Aida, I. and Shibuya, K. —The

Improvement of Efficiency in Out-of-Position GTA Welding, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

Noruk, J. S. - Electroslag Welding Used to Fabricate World's Largest Crawler Driven Dragline, 15 to 19 (Aug.).

Ogata, Y., Aida, I., Nagashima, M. and Shibuya, K. — The Improvement of Efficiency in Out-of-Position GTA Weld­ing, 27 to 34 (Aug.).

Paton, B. E., Lebedev, V. K., Kutchuk-Yatsenko, S. I. and Turner, D. L., Jr. — Flash Butt Welding of Marine Pipeline Materials, 17 to 22 (April).

Price, D. L. and Liddle, R. J. - T h e Effect of Alcohol on a Manual Arc Welding Task, 15 to 19 (July).

Pritchard, J. E., Dawson, R. J. and Shewchuk, S. —Selection and Use of Hardfacing Alloys, 15 to 23 (Nov.).

Privoznik, L. J. and Light, S. C , Jr. — Mechanized Flame Cutting of Beveled Mitre Joints, 37 to 40 (Aug.).

•Ragsdale, D. — Scrap Pile Welder Training, 57 (April). Rubin, W. —Some Recent Advances in Flux Technology, 39 to

44 (Oct.). Sandor, L. W. — Copper-Nickel for Ship Hull Constructions —

Welding and Economics, 23 to 30 (Dec). Schick, W. R. — Development of Stainless Steel Sealing Washers

for LNG Tanker Repairs, 15 to 21 (Dec). Schmeller, M. D. and Vittori, S. W. — Thermal Spraying Naval

Ship Machinery Components, 21 to 25 (Aug.). Schoonmaker, T. P. — The Welding Journal — Six Decades of

Reporting, 17 to 23 (Jan.). Schramm, R. E. and Fortunko, C. M. — Ultrasonic Nondestructive

Evaluation of Butt Welds Using Electromagnetic-Acoustic Transducers, 39 to 46 (Feb.).

Scott, J. J. and Brandt, H. —Adaptive Feed-Forward Digital Control of GTA Welding, 36 to 41 (Mar.).

Seiner, R. — Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Inspection, 28 to 31 (Feb.).

Shewchuk, S., Dawson, R. J. and Pritchard, J. E. — Selection and Use of Hardfacing Alloys, 15 to 23 (Nov.).

Shibuya, K., Ogata, Y., Aida, I. and Nagashima, M. — The Improvement of Efficiency on Out-of-Position GTA Weld­

ing, 27 to 34 (Aug.). Shrinivasan, M. C , Challappa, S. and Alekal, R. S. — Nuclear

Applications of Electron Beam Welding in India, 35 to 39 (Jan.).

Sigman, R. D. and Soroka, D. P.-Robotic Arc Weld ing-What Makes a System ? 15 to 21 (Sept.).

Sliney, D. H., Moss, C. E., Miller, C. G. and Stephens, J. B. — Transparent Welding Curtains, 17 to 24 (May).

Soroka, D. P. and Sigman, R. D. — Robotic Arc Welding —What Makes a System? 15 to 21 (Sept.).

Sosnin, H. A. — Efficiency and Economy of the Oxyacetylene Process, 46 to 48 (Oct.).

Spriggs, D. R. and Muth, M. C. - Diffusion Welding for Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Applications, 41 to 48 (Nov.).

Stephens, J. B., Sliney, D. H., Moss, C. E. and Miller, C. G. — Transparent Welding Curtains, 17 to 24 (May).

Thompson, E. G. — Attachment of Thermocouple Instrumenta­tion Test Components by All-Position Percussion Welding, 31 to 33 (June).

Turner, D. L, Jr., Paton, B. E., Lebedev, V. K. and Kutchuk-Yatsenko, S. I. — Flash Butt Welding of Marine Pipeline Materials, 17 to 22 (April).

Vittori, S. W. and Schmeller, M. D. — Thermal Spraying Naval Ship Machinery Components, 21 to 25 (Aug.).

Watson, P. D. — Design for Welding Examination, 32 to 35 (Feb.).

•Weber, J. — Heavy Equipment Welding Systems Go Beyond Robotics, 50 to 51 (Sept.).

•Weber, J. —Minnesota Barge Builder Refines Weld-Assembly Methods, 44 to 45 (Dec).

•Weber, J. — Pulsed GMAW a Plus for Midwestern Metalwork­er, 51 to 52 (Nov.).

Weber, J. —Unique Structure to Tap North Sea Oil, 21 to 25 (July).

Wolke, R. C —Integration of a Robotic Welding System with Existing Manufacturing Processes, 23 to 28 (Sept.).

Zimmerman, H., Hantsch, H. and Million, K. —Submerged Arc Narrow-Gap Welding of Thick-Walled Components, 27 to 34 (July).

Part 2—WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

SUBJECT INDEX

Acoustic Emission Techniques, In-Process Quality Detection of Friction Welds Using - K . K. Wang, G. R. Rief and S. K. Oh, 312-s to 316-s (Sept.).

AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, Thermal and Metallurgical Influ­ences on — E. Lugscheider, K.-D. Partz and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys, Technical Note: Evaluation of Tri­plex Post-Weld Heat Treatments f o r - W . A. Baeslack, III, 197-s to 199-s (June).

*A Practical Welder article

Aluminum, Tests of Fillet Welds i n - M . L. Sharp, R. L. Rolf, G. E. Nordmark and J. W. Clark, 117-s to 124-s (April).

Aluminum Alloy, Pitting Corrosion Property of Vacuum Brazed 7072 C lad -T . Hattori and A. T. Kuhn, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis, Welding Thin Plates o f - S . Kou, T. Kanevsky and S. Fyfitch, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Arc Weld Pools, Behavior of Hydrogen in —D. G. Howden, 103-s to 108-s (April).

Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped Iridium Alloys, High-Power Laser a n d - S . A. David and C. T. Liu, 157-s to 163-s (May).

Austenite Transformation in Stainless Steels, The Ferrite to — G. L. Leone and H. W. Kerr, 13-s to 22-s (Jan.).

VI

Austenitic Stainless Steel-Ferrite Steel Weld Joint Failures —R. L. Klueh and J. F. King, 302-s to 311-s (Sept.).

Austenitic Stainless Steels, Hot Cracking Susceptibility of —T. Ogawa and E. Tsunetomi, 82-s to 93-s (Mar.).

Austenitic Stainless Steels Weld Metals, Solidification Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of — M. J. Cieslak, A. M. Ritter and W. F. Savage, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part 111 —The Effect of Solidification Behavior on Hot Cracking Susceptibility — J. C. Lippold and W. F. Savage, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Effects of Ferrite Content in —D. Hauser and J. A. VanEcho, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Behavior of Hydrogen in Arc Weld Pools —D. C. Howden, 103-s to 108-s (April).

Beryllium to Monel, Vacuum Brazing —T. G. Glenn, V. K. Grotsky and D. L. Miller, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Brazed 7072 Clad Aluminum Alloy, Pitting Corrosion Property of Vacuum-T. Hattori and A. T. Kuhn, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Brazing Alloy, The Tensile Strength of Stainless Steel Wire and Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the — R. M. Trimmer and A. T. Kuhn, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Brazing Beryllium to Monel, Vacuum —T. G. Glenn, V. K. Grotsky and D. L. Miller, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Brazing of Inconel Alloy MA 754 for High Temperature Applica­t i ons -T . J. Kelly, 317-s to 319-s (Oct.).

Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Tempera­ture—E. Lugscheider, K. -D. Partz and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Calcium and Magnesium Treatment on Steel Weldability, Effect o f - R . K. Wilson, 182-s to 188-s (June).

"Chevron Cracking" —A New Form of Hydrogen Cracking in Steel Weld Metals-J. M. F. Mota and R. L. Apps, 222-s to 228-s (July).

Chevron Cracks in Submerged Arc Weld Metal, The Formation o f - D . J. Allen, B. Chew and P. Harris, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Chi and Sigma Phases Formation in Aged 16-8-2 Weld Metal, Prevention of — J. M. Leitnaker, 9-s to 12-s (Jan.).

Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, The Weldability of Nitro­gen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I — T. Ogawa, S. Aoki, T. Sakamoto and T. Zaizen, 139-s to 148-s (May).

C-Mn All-Weld-Metal Deposits, The Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Properties of — G. M. Evans, 125-s to 132-s (April).

Copper-Contamination Cracking: Cracking Mechanism and Crack Inhibitors-E. F. Nippes and D. J. Ball, 75-s to 81-s (Mar.).

Corrosion Characteristics of Soft Solder Fluxes, T h e - L . P. Costas, 320-s to 326-s (Oct.).

Corrosion Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, Fractographic and Microstructural Analysis of Stress —F. W. Fraser and E. A. Metzbower, 112-s to 116-s (April).

Corrosion Resistance, The Weldability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I —Chloride Pitting —T. Oga­wa, S. Aoki, T. Sakamoto and T. Zaizen, 139-s to 148-s (May).

Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks, Discussion on the Measurement of — 94-s to 96-s (Mar.).

Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness of a Structural Steel (A36) —E. J. Ripling and P. B. Crosley, 65-s to 74-s (Mar.).

Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals, Solidification —M. J. Cieslak, A.

M. Ritter and W. F. Savage, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.). Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, Hydrogen-Assisted-W. F.

Savage, E. F. Nippes and E. I. Husa, 233-s to 242-s (Aug.). Cracking Mechanism and Crack Inhibitors, Copper-Contamina­

tion Cracking-E. F. Nippes and D. J. Ball, 75-s to 81-s (Mar.).

Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steels, Hot —T. Ogawa and W. Tsunetomi, 82-s to 93-s (Mar.).

Creep-Rupture Behavior of Weldments - M . J. Mangione, 50-s to 57-s (Feb.).

Cryogenic Applications, Weldability of Grain Refined Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti Steel f o r - D . E. Williams and J. W. Morris, Jr., 133-s to 138-s (May).

Cryogenic Storage Tanks", Discussion on "The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Steels Used in -94-s to 96-s (Mar.).

Development of a SMAW Procedure for Cast Iron, The —B. Appelt and R. E. Long, 109-s to 111-s (April).

Discussion on "Ferrite Morphology in High Molybdenum Stain­less Steels"- 164-s to 165-s (May).

Discussion on "The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks"-95-s to 96-s (Mar.).

Dissimilar Metal Welds - Transition Joints Literature Review — C. D. Lundin, 58-s to 63-s (Feb.).

Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Treatment on Steel Weldabil­i t y - R . K. Wilson, 182-s to 188-s (June).

Effect of Electrical Resistance and Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, The —J. G. Kaiser, G. J. Dunn and T. W. Eagar, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Effects of Ferrite Content in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds — D. Hauser and J. A. VanEcho, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Properties of C-Mn All-Weld-Metal Deposits, T h e - G . M. Evans, 125-s to 132-s (April).

Effect of Nickel Plating on Fe-BCu-Mo and -W —T. Yoshida and H. Ohmura, 363-s to 372-s (Nov.).

Effects of Titanium on Submerged Arc Weld Metal, The —J. P. Snyder, III, and A. W. Pense, 201-s to 211-s (July).

Electrical Resistance on Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, The Effect o f - J . G. Kaiser, G. J. Dunn and T. W. Eagar, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Electron Beam Welding of the Nickel Base Superalloy IN-738 LC, High Temperature-B. Jahnke, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

Electron Microscopy, Substructure Characterization of 16-8-2 GTA Weld through Transmission —J. R. Foulds and J. Moteff, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Electroslag Welding Process, A Parametric Study of the —W. S. Ricci and T. W. Eagar, 397-s to 400-s (Dec).

Electroslag Welding Process —Part II, Fabricating Steel Safety Using t h e - D . N. Shackleton, 23-s to 32-s (Jan.).

Eutectic Weld Metal Microstructure, Modification of —C. E. Cross and D. L. Olson, 381-s to 387-s (Dec).

Extension of the WRC Ferrite Number System —D. J. Kotecki, 352-s to 361-s, (Nov.).

Fabricating Steel Safety Using the Electroslag Welding Process — Part II - D . N. Shackleton, 23-s to 32-s (Jan.).

Failures, Austenitic Stainless Steel-Ferritic Steel Weld Joint Fail­ures-R. L. Klueh and J. F. King, 302-s to 311-s (Sept.).

Fe-BCu-Mo and -W, Effect of Nickel Plating on — T. Yoshida and H. Ohmura, 363-s to 372-s (Nov.).

Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti Steel for Cryogenic Applications, Weldability of Grain Refined — D. E. Williams and J. W. Morris, Jr., 133-s to 138-s (May).

Ferrite to Austenite Transformation in Stainless Steels, The — G. L. Leone and H. W. Kerr, 13-s to 32-s (Jan.).

Ferrite Content in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Effects

VII

o f - D . Hauser and J. A. VanEcho, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.). Ferrite Number System, Extension of the WRC —D. J. Kotecki,

352-s to 361-s (Nov.). Fillet Welds in Aluminum, Tests o f - M . L. Sharp, R. L. Rolf, G. E.

Nordmark and J. W. Clark, 117-s to 124-s (April). Fitup Tolerances for Mechanized Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Large Diameter Pipe —P. W. Turner and G. D. Eichenber-ger, 283-s to 292-s (Sept.).

Fluxes, Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Metal Oxide Weld­i n g - C . S. Chai and T. W. Eagar, 229-s to 232-s (July).

Formation of Chevron Cracks in Submerged Arc Weld Metal, T h e - D . J. Allen, B. Chew and P. Harris, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Fractographic and Microstructural Analysis of Stress Corrosion Cracking in HY-130 Weldments-F. W. Fraser and E. A. Metzbower, 112-s to 116-s (April).

Fracture Toughness of a Structural Steel (A36), Crack Arrest — E. J. Ripling and P. B. Crosley, 65-s to 74-s (Mar.).

Friction Welds Using Acoustic Emission Techniques, In-Process Quality Detection of - K. K. Wang, G. R. Reif, and S. K. Oh, 312-s to 316-s, (Sept.).

Fusion Zone Geometry, Mechanism for Minor Element Effect on G T A - C . R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 97-s to 102-s (April).

Geometry, Mechanism for Minor Element Effect on GTA Fusion Z o n e - C . R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 97-s to 102-s (April).

GMA Welding, Heat Generation and Heat Flow in the Filler Metal i n - J . H. Waszink and G. J. P. M. Van Den Heuvel, 269-s to 282-s (Aug.).

GTA Fusion Zone Geometry, Mechanism for Minor Element Effect o n - C . R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 97-s to 102-s (April).

GTA Welds through Transmission Elecron Microscopy, Sub­structure Characterization of 16-8-2 —J. R. Foulds and J. Moteff, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Heat-Flow Analysis, Welding Thin Plates of Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative —S. Kou, T. Kanevsky and S. Fyfitch, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Heat Flow in the Filler Metal in GMA Welding, Heat Generation and - J. H. Waszink and G. J. P. M. Van Den Heuvel, 269-s to 282-s (Aug.).

Heat Generation and Heat Flow in the Filler Metal in GMA Weld ing-J. H. Waszink and G. J. P. M. Van Den Heuvel, 269-s to 282-s (Aug.).

Heat Treatments for Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys, Technical Note: Evaluation of Triplex Postweld —W. A. Baeslack, III, 197-s to 199-s (June).

High-Power Laser and Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped Iridium Al loys-S. A. David and C. T. Liu, 157-s to 163-s (May).

High Strength Line Pipe Steel, Weldability o f - T . H. North, A. B. Rothwell, A. G. Glover and R. J. Pick, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

High-Temperature Electron Beam Welding of the Nickel Base Superalloy IN-738 L C - B . Jahnke, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

History and Accomplishments of WRC/PVRC and Recognition of William Spraragen, the First Director of WRC, The — K. H. Koopman, 33-s to 36-s (Jan.).

Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steels —T. Ogawa and E. Tsunetomi, 82-s to 93-s (Mar.).

Hot Cracking Susceptibility, Solidification of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part I I I -The Effect of Solidification Behavior-J. C. Lippold and W. F. Savage, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

HSLA Steels, New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for — R. Kohno, T. Takami, N. Mori and K. Nagano, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

HY-130 Weldments, Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in —W. F. Savage, E. F. Nippes and E. I. Husa, 233-s to 242-s (Aug.).

Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing,

Ontar io-R. B. Dooley, G. G. Stephenson, M. J. Tinkler, M. D. C. Moles and H. J. Westwood, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HY-130 Weldments —W. F. Savage, E. F. Nippes and E. I. Husa, 233-s to 242-s, (Aug.).

Hydrogen Cracking in Steel Weld Metals, "Chevron Crack­ing" - A New Form of — J. M. F. Mota and R. L. Apps, 222-s to 228-s (July).

Hydrogen in Arc Weld Pools, Behavior of —D. G. Howden, 103-s to 108-s (April).

Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C —A. Koren, M. Roman, I. Weisshaus and A. Kaufman, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

IN-738 LC, High Temperature Electron Beam Welding of the Nickel Base Superalloy — B. Jahnke, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

Inconel Alloy MA 754 for High Temperature Applications, Brazing o f - T . J. Kelly, 317-s to 319-s (Oct.).

Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and-E . Lugscheider, K. -D. Partz and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

In-Process Quality Detection of Friction Welds Using Acoustic Emission Techniques — K. K. Wang, G. R. Reif and S. K. Oh, 312-s to 316-s (Sept.).

Iridium Alloys, High-Power Laser and Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped-S.A. David and C. T. Liu, 157-s to 163-s (May).

Iron, The Development of a SMAW Procedure for Cast —B. Appelt and R. E. Long, 109-s to 111-s (April).

Joints Literature Review, Dissimilar Metal Welds —Transition — C. D. Lundin, 58-s to 63-s (Feb.).

Laser and Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped Iridium Alloys, High-Power - S. A. David and C. T. Liu, 157-s to 163-s (May).

Magnesium Treatment on Steel Weldability, Effects of Calcium and -R . K. Wilson, 182-s to 188-s (June).

Mechanism for Minor Elements Effect on GTA Fusion Zone Geometry - C . R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, 97-s to 102-s (April).

Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, Thermal and -E . Lugscheider, K. -D. Partz and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Microscopy, Substructure Characterization of 16-8-2 CTA Weld through Transmission Electron —J. R. Foulds and J. Moteff, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals, Solidifica­tion Cracking and Analytical Electron —M. J. Cieslak, A. M. Ritter and W. F. Savage, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Microstructural Analyses of Stress Corrosion Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, Fractographic and —F. W. Fraser and E. A. Metzbower, 112-s to 116-s (April).

Modification of Eutectic Weld Metal Microstructure — C. E. Cross and D. L. Olson, 381-s to 387-s (Dec).

Molybdenum Stainless Steels", Discussion on "Ferrite Morphol­ogy in H i g h - 164-s to 165-s (May).

Monel, Vacuum Brazing Beryllium to —T. G. Glenn, V. K. Grotsky and D. L. Miller, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Morphology in High Molybdenum Stainless Steels", Discussion on "Ferr i te- 164-s to 165-s (May).

New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels —R. Kohno, T. Takami, N. Mori and K. Nagano, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, Improving the Weldability of —A. Koren, M. Roman, I. Weisshaus and A. Kaufman, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Nickel Base Filler Metals, Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing

VIII

w i t h - E . Lugscheider, K. -D. Partz and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Nickel Base Superalloy IN-738 LC, High-Temperature Electron Beam Welding of t h e - B . Jahnke, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

Nickel Plating on Fe-BCu-Mo and -W. Effect o f - T . Yoshida and H. Ohmura, 363-s to 372-s (Nov.).

Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage Tanks", Discussion on "The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9%-94-s to 96-s (Mar.).

Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I —Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, The Weldability of — T. Oga­wa, S. Aoki, T. Sakamoto and T. Zaizen, 139-s to 148-s (May).

Nitrogen-Strengthened Stainless Steels, Weldability of —R. H. Espy, 149-s to 156-s (May).

Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, The Effect of Electrical Resistance on —J. G. Kaiser, G. J. Dunn and T. W. Eagar — 167-s to 174-s (June).

Ontario Hydro Experience With Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing —R. B. Dooley, G.G. Stephenson, M. J. Tinkler, M. D. C. Moles, and H. J. Westwood, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Parametric Study of the Electroslag Welding Process, A —W. S. Ricci and T. W. Eagar, 397-s to 400-s (Dec).

Pipe, Fitup Tolerances for Mechanized Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Large Diameter —P. W. Turner and G. D. Eichen-berger, 283-s to 292-s (Sept.).

Pipe Steels, Weldability of High Strength L ine-T. H. North, A. B. Rothwell, A. G. Glover and R. J. Pick, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Pitting Corrosion Property of Vacuum Brazed 7072 Clad Alumi­num A l l oy -T . Hattori and A. T. Kuhn, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Plates of Aluminum Alloys — A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis, Welding Thin — S. Kou, T. Kanevsky and S. Fyfitch, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Prevention of Chi and Sigma Phases Formation in Aged 16-8-2 Weld Meta l -J . M. Leitnaker, 9-s to 12-s (Jan.).

Rails, Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in —J. Myers, G. H. Geiger and D. R. Poirier, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Resistance on Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, The Effect of Electrical — J. G. Kaiser, G. J. Dunn and T. W. Eagar, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the Brasing Alloy, The Tensile Strength of Stainless Steel Wire and — R. M. Trimmer and A. T. Kuhn, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Sigma Phases Formation in Aged 16-8-2 Weld Metal, Prevention of Chi and -J . M. Leitnaker, 9-s to 12-s (Jan.).

Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Metal Oxide Welding Fumes-C. S. Chai and T. W. Eagar, 229-s to 232-s (July).

SMAW Procedure for Cast Iron, The Development of a —B. Appelt and R. E. Long, 109-s to 111-s (April).

Solder Fluxes, The Corrosion Characteristics of Soft —L. P. Costas 320-s to 326-s (Oct.).

Solidification Behavior on Hot Cracking Susceptibility —Solidifi­cation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part III — The Effect o f - J . C. Lippold and W. F. Savage, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

Solidification Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals —M. J. Cieslak, A. M. Ritter and W. F. Savage, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Solidification of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part III — The Effect of Solidification Behavior on Hot Cracking Susceptibility —J. C. Lippold and W. F. Savage, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

Spot Welding, The Effect of Electrical Resistance on Nugget Formation During —J. G. Kaiser, G.). Dunn and T. W. Eagar,

167-s to 174-s (June). Spraragen, the First Director of WRC, The History and Accom­

plishments of WRC/PVRC and Recognition of William - K . H. Koopman, 33-s to 36-s (Jan.).

Stainless Steels, The Ferrite to Austenite Transformation in —G. L. Leone and H. W. Kerr, 13-s to 22-s (Jan.).

Stainless Steels, Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic — T. Ogawa and E. Tsunetomi, 82-s to 93-s (Mar.).

Stainless Steels, Weldability of Nitrogen-Strengthened — R. H. Espy, 149-s to 156-s (May).

Stainless Steel-Ferritic Steel Weld Joint Failures, Austenitic —R. L. Klueh and J. F. King, 302-s to 311-s (Sept.).

Stainless Steel Weld Metal, The Thermal Expansion Characteris­tics o f - J . W. Elmer, D. L. Olson and D. K. Matlock, 293-s to 301-s (Sept.).

Stainless Steel Weld Metals, Solidification Cracking and Analyti­cal Electron Microscopy of Austenitic —M. J. Cieslak, A. M. Ritter and W. F. Savage, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Stainless Steel Welds, Effects of Ferrite Content in Austenitic — D. Hauser and J. A. VanEcho, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Stainless Wire and Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the Brazing Alloy, The Tensile Strength of —R. M. Trimmer and A. T. Kuhn, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Steel Weldability, Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Treatment o n - R . K. Wilson, 182-s to 188-s (June).

Structural Steel (A36), Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness of a — E. J. Ripling and P. B. Crosley, 65-s to 74-s (Mar.).

Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Rails —J. Myers, G. H. Geiger and D. R. Poirier, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Submerged Arc Weld Metal, The Effects of Titanium o n - J . P. Snyder II and A. W. Pense, 201-s to 211-s (July).

Submerged Arc Weld Metal, The Formation of Chevron Cracks i n - D . J. Allen, B. Chew and P. Harris, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Substructure Characterization of 16-8-2 GTA Weld through Transmission Electron Microscopy— J. R. Foulds and J. Moteff, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Superalloy 713 C, Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base —A. Koren, M. Roman, I. Weisshaus and A. Kaufman, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Tanks", Discussion on "The Measurement of Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness in Welded 9% Nickel Steels Used in Cryogenic Storage — 94-s to 96-s (Mar.).

Technical Note: Evaluation of Triplex Postweld Heat Treatment for Alpha-Beta Titanium A l l oys -W. A. Baeslack, 111, 197-s to 199-s (June).

Tensile Strength of Stainless Steel Wire and Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the Brazing Alloy —R. M. Trimmer and A. T. Kuhn, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Tests of Fillet Welds in A luminum-M. L. Sharp, R. L. Rolf, G. E. Nordmark and J. W. Clark, 117-s to 124-s (April).

Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals —E. Lugscheider, K. -D. Partz, and R. Lison, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stainless Steel Weld Met­a l - J . W. Elmer, D. L. Olson and D. K. Matlock, 293-s to 301-s (Sept.).

Thermite Welds in Rails, Structure and Properties of — J. Myers, G. H. Geiger and D. R. Poirier, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Thorium-Doped Iridium Alloys, High-Power Laser and Arc Welding o f - S . A. David and C. T. Liu, 157-s to 163-s (May).

Titanium Alloys, Technical Note: Evaluation of Triplex Postweld Heat Treatments for Alpha-Beta - W. A. Baeslack, III, 193-s to 199-s (June).

Titanium on Submerged Arc Weld Metal, The Effects o f - J . P. Snyder, II, and A. W. Pense, 201-s to 211-s (July).

IX

Transmission Electron Microscopy, Substructure Characteriza­tion of 16-8-2 GTA Weld through-J. R. Foulds and J. Moteff, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Tubing, Ontario Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler —R. B. Dooley, G. G. Stephenson, M. J. Tinkler, M. D. C. Moles and H. J. Westwood, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Vacuum Brazed 7072 Clad Aluminum Alloy, Pitting Corrosion Property o f - T . Hattori and A. T. Kuhn, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Vacuum Brazing Beryllium to Monel —T. G. Glenn, V. K. Grotsky and D. L. Miller, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Weld Metal Microstructure, Modification of Eutectic —C. E. Cross and D. L. Olson, 381-s to 387-s (Dec).

Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels, New Fluxes of Improved —R. Kohno, T. Takami, N. Mori and K. Nagano, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Weldability of Grain Refined Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti Steel for Cryogenic Applications —D. E. Williams and J. W. Morris, Jr., 133-s to 138-s (May).

Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels-T. H. North, A. B.

Rothwell, A. G. Glover and R. J. Pick, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, Improving the —A. Koren, M. Roman, I. Weisshaus and A. Kaufman, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Weldability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I —Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance — T. Ogawa, S. Aoki, T. Sakamoto and T. Zaizen, 139-s to 148-s (May).

Weldability of Nitrogen-Strengthened Stainless Steels —R. H. Espy, 149-s to 156-s (May).

Welding of the Nickel Base Superalloy IN-738 LC, High-Temper­ature Electron Beam —B. Jahnke, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

Welding Thin Plates of Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis —S. Kou, T. Kanevsky and S. Fyfitch, 175-s to 181-s (June).

WRC Ferrite Number System, Extension of — D. J. Kotecki, 352-s to 361-s (Nov.).

WRC/PVRC and Recognition of William Spraragen, The First Director of WRC, The History and Accomplishments of — K. H. Koopman, 33-s to 36-s (Jan.).

AUTHOR INDEX

Allen, D. J., Chew, B. and Harris, P. — The Formation of Chevron Cracks in Submerged Arc Weld Metal, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Aoki, S., Sakamoto, T., Zaizen, T. and Ogawa, T. — The Weld­ability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I —Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, 139-s to 148-s (May).

Appelt, B. and Long, R. E. — The Development of a SMAW Procedure for Cast Iron, 109-s to 111-s (April).

Apps, R. L. and Mota, J. M. F. — "Chevron Cracking" —A New Form of Hydrogen Cracking in Steel Weld Metals, 222-s to 228-s (July).

Ball, D. J. and Nippes, E. F. — Copper-Containing Cracking: Mechanism and Crack Inhibitors, 75-s to 81-s (Mar.).

Baeslack, W. A. Ill — Technical Note: Evaluation of Triplex Postweld Heat Treatments for Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys, 197-s to 199-s (June).

Chai, C. S. and Eagar, T. W. — Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Metal Oxide Welding Fluxes, 229-s to 232-s (July).

Chew, B., Allen, D. J. and Harris, P. — The Formation of Chevron Cracks in Submerged Arc Weld Metal, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Cieslak, M. J., Ritter, A. M. and Savage, W. F. — Solidification Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Clark, J. W., Sharp, M. L, Rolf, R. L. and Nordmark, G. E. - Tests of Fillet Welds in Aluminum, 117-s to 124-s (April).

Costas, L. P. —The Corrosion Characteristics of Soft Solder Fluxes, 320-s to 326-s (Oct.).

Crosley, P. B. and Ripling, E. J. —Crack Arrest Fracture Tough­ness of a Structural Steel (A36), 65-s to 74-s (Mar.).

Cross, C. E. and Olson, D. L. — Modification of Eutectic Weld Metal Microstructure, 381-s to 387-s (Dec).

David, S. A. and Liu, C. T. - High-Power Laser and Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped Iridium Alloys, 157-s to 163-s, (May).

Dooley, R. B., Stephenson, G. G., Tinkler, M. J., Moles, M. D. C.

and Westwood, H. J. —Ontario Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing, 45-s to 49-s, (Feb.).

Dunn, G. J., Eagar, T. W. and Kaiser, J. G . - T h e Effect of Electrical Resistance on Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Eagar, T. W. and Chai, C. S. — Slag Metal Reactions in Binary CaF2-Oxide Welding Fluxes, 229-s to 232-s (July).

Eagar, T. W. and Ricci, W. S. — A Parametric Study of the Electroslag Welding Process, 397-s to 400-s (Dec).

Eagar, T. W., Kaiser, J. G. and Dunn, G. J . -The Effect of Electrical Resistance on Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Eichenberger, G. D. and Turner, P. W. — Fitup Tolerances for Mechanized Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Large Diameter Pipe, 283-s to 292-s (Sept.).

Elmer, J. W., Olson, D. L. and Matlock, D. K . -The Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 293-s to 301-s (Sept.).

Espy, R. H. — Weldability of Nitrogen-Strengthened Stainless Steels, 149-s to 156-s (May).

Evans, C. M. — The Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Properties of C-Mn All-Weld-Metal Deposits, 125-s to 132-s (April).

Foulds, J. R. and Moteff, J.— Substructure Characterization of 16-8-2 CTA Weld through Transmission Electron Microsco­py, 189-s to 196-s (June).

Fraser, F. W. and Metzbower, E. A. — Fractographic and Micro-structural Analyses of Stress Corrosion Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, 112-s to 116-s (April).

Fyfitch, S., Kou, S. and Kanevsky, T. — Welding Thin Plates of Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Geiger, G. H., Myers, J. and Poirier, D. R. — Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Rails, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Glenn, T. G., Grotsky, V. K. and Miller, D. L. — Vacuum Brazing Beryllium to Monel, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Glover, A. G , North, T. H., Rothwell, A. B. and Pick, R. J.-Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Grotsky, V. K., Glenn, T. G. and Miller, D. L. — Vacuum Brazing Beryllium to Monel, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Harris, P., Allen, D. J. and Chew, B. — The Formation of Chevron Cracks in Submerged Arc Weld Metal, 212-s to 221-s (July).

Hattori, T. and Kuhn, A. T. — Pitting Corrosion Property of Vacuum Brazed 7072 Clad Aluminum Alloy, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Hauser, D. and VanEcho, J. A.— Effects of Ferrite Content in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Heiple, C. R. and Roper, J. R. — Mechanism for Minor Element Effect on GTA Fusion Zone Geometry, 97-s to 102-s (April).

Howden, D. G. — Behavior of Hydrogen in Arc Weld Pools, 103-s to 108-s (April).

Husa, E. I., Savage, W. F. and Nippes, E. F. — Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, 233-s to 242-s (Aug.).

Jahnke, B. — High-Temperature Electron Beam Welding of the Nickel Base Superalloy IN-738 LC, 343-s to 347-s (Nov.).

Kaiser, J. G., Dunn, G. J. and Eagar, T. W. — The Effect of Electrical Resistance on Nugget Formation During Spot Welding, 167-s to 174-s (June).

Kanevsky, T., Fyfitch, S. and Kou, S. — Welding Thin Plates of Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Kaufman, A., Koren, A., Roman, M. and Weisshaus, I.— Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Kelly, T. J. - Brazing of Inconel Alloy MA 754 for High Temper­ature Applications, 317-s to 319-s (Oct.).

King, J. F. and Klueh, R. L. — Austenitic Stainless Steel-Ferritic Steel Weld Joint Failures, 302-s to 311-s (Sept.).

Kerr, H. W. and Leone, G. L. — The Ferrite to Austenite Trans­formation in Stainless Steels, 13-s to 22-s (Jan.).

Klueh, R. L. and King, J. F. — Austenitic Stainless Steel-Ferritic Steel Weld Joint Failures, 302-s to 311-s (Sept.).

Kohno, R., Takami, T., Mori, N. and Nagano, K. — New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Koopman, K. H. — The History and Accomplishments of WRC/ PVRC Recognition of William Spraragen, The First Director of WRC, 33-s to 36-s, (Jan.).

Koren, A., Roman, M., Weisshaus, I. and Kaufman, A. — Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Kotecki, D. J. —Extension of the WRC Ferrite Number System, 352-s to 361-s (Nov.).

Kou, S., Kanevsky, T. and Fyfitch, S. — Welding Thin Plates of Aluminum Alloys —A Quantitative Heat-Flow Analysis, 175-s to 181-s (June).

Kuhn, A. T. and Hattori, T. — Pitting Corrosion Property of Vacuum Brazed 7072 Clad Aluminum Alloy, 339-s to 342-s (Oct.).

Kuhn, A. T. and Trimmer, R. M. — The Tensile Strength of Stainless Steel Wire and Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the Brazing Alloy, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Leitnaker, J. M. — Prevention of Chi and Sigma Phases Formation in Aged 16-8-2 Weld Metal, 9-s to 12-s (Jan.).

Leone, G. L. and Kerr, H. W. — The Ferrite to Austenite Trans­formation in Stainless Steels, 13-s to 22-s (Jan.).

Lippold, J. C. and Savage, W. F. —Solidification of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part 111-The Effect of Solidifica­

tion Behavior on Hot Cracking Susceptibility, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

Lison, R., Lugscheider, E. and Partz, K. -D. — Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Liu, C. T. and David, S. A. — High-Power Laser and Arc Welding of Thorium-Doped Iridium Alloys, 157-s to 163-s (May).

Long, R. E. and Appelt, B. — The Development of a SMAW Procedure for Cast Iron, 109-s to 111-s (April).

Lugscheider, E., Partz, K. -D., and Lison, R. — Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by HighTemperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Lundin, C. D. — Dissimilar Metal Welds-Transition Joints Litera­ture Review, 58-s to 63-s (Feb.).

Mangione, M. J. —Creep-Rupture Behavior of Weldments, 50-s to 57-s (Feb.).

Matlock, D. K., Elmer, J. W. and Olson, D. L . -The Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 293-s to 301-s (Sept.).

Metzbower, E. A. and Fraser, F. W. — Fractographic and Micro-structural Analyses of Stress Corrosion Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, 112-s to 116-s (April).

Miller, D. L., Glenn, T. G. and Grotsky, V. K. — Vacuum Brazing Beryllium to Monel, 334-s to 338-s (Oct.).

Moles, M. D. C , Westwood, H. J., Dooley, R. B., Stephenson, G. G. and Tinkler, M. J. —Ontario Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Mori, N., Kohno, R., Takami, T. and Nagano, K. - New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Morris, J. W., Jr. and Williams, D. E.— Weldability of Grain Refined Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti Steel for Cryogenic Applications, 133-s to 138-s (May).

Mota, J. M. F. and Apps, R. L. — "Chevron Cracking" —A New Form of Hydrogen Cracking in Steel Weld Metals, 222-s to 228-s (July).

Moteff, J. and Foulds, J. R. — Substructure Characterization of 16-8-2 GTA Weld through Transmission Electron Microsco­py 189-s to 196-s (June).

Myers, J., Geiger, G. H. and Poirier, D. R. — Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Rails, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Nagano, K., Kohno, R., Takami, T. and Mori, N. — New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Nippes, E. F. and Ball, D. J. —Copper-Contamination Cracking: Cracking Mechanism and Crack Inhibitors, 75-s to 81-s (Mar.).

Nippes, E. F., Savage, W. F. and Husa, E. I. - Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, 233-s to 242-s (Aug.).

Nordmark, G. E., Clark, J. W., Sharp, M. L. and Rolf, R. L - Tests of Fillet Welds in Aluminum, 117-s to 124-s (April).

North, T. H., Rothwell, A. B., Glover, A. G. and Pick, R. J. —Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Ogawa, T. and Tsunetomi, E. — Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steel, 82-s to 93-s (Mar.).

Ogawa, T., Aoki, S., Sakamoto, T. and Zaizen, T. — The Weld­ability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I-Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, 138-s to 139-s (May).

Oh, S. K., Wang, K. K. and Reif, G. R. - In-Process Quality

XI

Detection of Friction Welds Using Acoustic Emission Tech­niques, 312-s to 316-s (Sept.).

Ohmura, H. and Yoshida, T. — Effect of Nickel Plating on Fe-BCu-Mo and -W, 363-s to 372-s (Nov.).

Olson, D. L. and Cross, C. E—Modification of Eutectic Weld Metal Microstructure, 381-s to 387-s (Dec).

Olson, D. L., Elmer, J. W. and Matlock, D. K.-Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stainless Steel Weld Metal, 293-s to 301-s (Sept.).

Partz, K. -D., Lugscheider, E. and Lison, R.-Thermal and Metallurgical Influences on AISI 316 and Inconel 625 by High Temperature Brazing with Nickel Base Filler Metals, 329-s to 333-s (Oct.).

Pense, A. W. and Snyder, J. P., II —The Effects of Titanium on Submerged Arc Weld Metal, 201-s to 211-s (July).

Pick, R. J. North, T. H., Rothwell, A. B. and Glover, A. G. —Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Poirier, D. R., Myers, J. and Geiger, G. H. — Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Rails, 258-s to 268-s (Aug.).

Reif, G. R„ Wang, K. K. and Oh, S. K. - In-Process Quality Detection of Friction Welds Using Acoustic Emission Tech­niques, 312-s to 316-s (Sept.).

Ricci, VV. S. and Eagar, T. VV. — A Parametric Study of the Electroslag Welding Process, 397-s to 400-s (Dec).

Ripling, E. J. and Crosley, P. B. — Crack Arrest Fracture Tough­ness of a Structural Steel (A36), 65-s to 74-s (Mar.).

Ritter, A. M., Savage, W. F. and Cieslak, M. J.-Solidification Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Rolf, R. L, Nordmark, G. E., Clark, J. W. and Sharp, M. L. -Tests of Fillet Welds in Aluminum, 117-s to 124-s (April).

Roman, M., Koren, A., Weisshaus, I. and Kaufman, A. — Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Roper, J. R. and Heiple, C. R. — Mechanism for Minor Element Effect on GTA Fusion Zone Geometry, 97-s to 102-s (April).

Rothwell, A. B., North, T. H., Glover, A. G. and Pick, R. J.-Weldability of High Strength Line Pipe Steels, 243-s to 257-s (Aug.).

Sakamoto, T., Zaizen, T., Ogawa, T. and Aoki, S. — The Weld­ability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I —Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, 139-s to 148-s (May).

Savage, W. F. and Lippold, J. C —Solidification of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments: Part III - The Effect of Solidifica­tion Behavior on Hot Cracking Susceptibility, 388-s to 396-s (Dec).

Savage, W. F., Cieslak, M. J. and Ritter, A. M. — Solidification Cracking and Analytical Electron Microscopy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals, 1-s to 8-s (Jan.).

Savage, W. F., Nippes, E. F. and Husa, E. I. —Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking in HY-130 Weldments, 233-s to 242-s (Aug.).

Shackleton, D. N. — Fabricating Steel Safely Using the Electroslag Welding Process-Part II, 23-s to 32-s (Jan.).

Sharp, M. L, Rolf, R. L, Nordmark, G. E. and Clark, J. W. -Tests of Fillet Welds in Aluminum, 117-s to 124-s (April).

Snyder, J. P., II, and Pense, A. W . - T h e Effects of Titanium on Submerged Arc Weld Metal, 201-s to 211-s (July).

Stephenson, G. G., Tinkler, M. J., Moles, M. D. C , Westwood, H. J. and Dooley, R. B.-Ontar io Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Takami, T., Kohno, R., Mori, N. and Nagano, K. — New Fluxes of Improved Weld Metal Toughness for HSLA Steels, 373-s to 380-s (Dec).

Tinkler, M. J., Moles, M. D. C , Westwood, H. J., Dooley, R. B. and Stephenson, G. G. —Ontario Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Trimmer, R. M. and Kuhn, A. T . - T h e Tensile Strength of Stainless Steel Wire and Rod Butt Joints as a Function of the Brazing Alloy, 327-s to 328-s (Oct.).

Tsunetomi, E. and Ogawa, T . - H o t Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Turner, P. W. and Eichenberger, G. D. —Fitup Tolerances for Mechanized Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Large Diameter Pipe, 283-s to 292-s (Sept.).

Van Den Heuvel, G. J. P. M. and Waszink, J. H. -Heat Generation and Heat Flow in the Filler Metal in GMA Welding, 269-s to 282-s (Aug.).

VanEcho, J. A. and Hauser, D. — Effects of Ferrite Content in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, 37-s to 44-s (Feb.).

Wang, K. K., Reif, G. R. and Oh, S. K. - In-Process Quality Detection of Friction Welds Using Acoustic Emission Tech­niques, 312-s to 316-s (Sept.).

Waszink, J. H. and Van Den Heuvel, G. J. P. M . -Hea t Generation and Heat Flow in the Filler Metal In GMA Welding, 269-s to 282-s (Aug.).

Weisshaus, I., Koren, A., Roman, M. and Kaufman, A. — Improving the Weldability of Ni-Base Superalloy 713 C, 348-s to 351-s (Nov.).

Westwood, H. J., Dooley, R. B., Stephenson, G. G., Tinkler, M. J. and Moles, M. D. C. — Ontario Hydro Experience with Dissimilar Metal Welds in Boiler Tubing, 45-s to 49-s (Feb.).

Williams, D. E. and Morris, J. W., Jr.-Weldability of Grain Refined Fe-12Ni-0.25Ti Steel for Cryogenic Applications, 133-s to 138-s (May).

Wilson, R. K. — Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Treatment on Steel Weldability, 182-s to 188-s (June).

Yoshida, T. and Ohmura, H. — Effect of Nickel Plating on Fe-Bcu-Mo and -W, 363-s to 372-s (Nov.).

Zaizen, T., Ogawa, T., Aoki, S. and Sakamoto, T. — The Weld­ability of Nitrogen-Containing Austenitic Steel: Part I — Chloride Pitting Corrosion Resistance, 138-s to 139-s (May).

XII