A New Single Phase PV fed Five Level Inverter Topology connected to the Grid 2010 IEEE International...

A New Single Phase PV fed Five Level InverterTopology connected to the Grid

2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies

OCTOBER 08, 2010

Presentation By

Mr. M.Kaliamoorthy, Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringPSNA College of Engineering and Technology

Dindigul, Tamilnadu-624622Tel: 9865065166

E-Mail: [email protected],[email protected]:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com

Paper Number : 370

The Journey of Thousand Miles Begins with a single step


Objectives of This Paper

Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE

To design a new Multilevel Inverter Topology for Photovoltaic Applications with minimum number of Switches

To Design a Control algorithm for New Topology with minimum carrier signals

To suggest a Novel Carrier for Multilevel inverters

To compare the novel carrier with Conventional Triangular Carrier (Comparison based on Ma and Mf with THD)

Low aim is a crime- Diode-John Ambrose Fleming-1904

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WORKING PRINCIPLE



Model a Drop, To know the power of the OCEAN- Zener Diode –Clarence Melvin Zener-1915

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING

)1( DL IIIFrom the figure

Where I=Output Current In Amps Il=light Current Or Photo Generated Current In Amps ID= Diode Current in amps



Workship the creator not his creation- Edmond Becquerel ,1889 Electricity From Sun

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…

By Shockley equation, current diverted through diode is

1

/exp

qnkT

IRUII soD

Where Io= Reverse Saturation Current n= Diode Ideality Factor K=Boltzmann’s Constant T= Absolute Temperature q= Elementary Charge

For silicon of 250C nkT/q=0.0259 volts=α

1exp

soD

IRUII



Reading is an adventure that never ends- Photo Voltaic Cell- Russell Ohl-1903


Substituting above equation in equation (1) we get

)2(1exp

soL

IRUIII

Where α=nkT/q is known as Thermal Voltage Timing Completion Factor

The four Parameters IL,Io,Rs and α need to be determined toStudy the I-U characteristics of PV cells



Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Lead Acid Battery- Raymond Gaston Plante-1859


LIGHT CURRENT IL determination

refccSCIrefLref

L TTII ,,,

sheet dataer manufactur from obtained becan andIBoth

)(A/current circuit short theoft coefficien eTemperatur

here) used is (25 eTemperatur Reference T

re temperatucell PV T

) 25 and W/m(1000condition referenceat current Light I

study) in this used is W/m(1000irradiance reference

)(W/mirradiance

SCI, refL,

0,

0refc,

c

02refL,

2ref

2

C

C

c

Where

SCI



Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses- SCR-General Electric (GE)-1958


SATURATION CURRENT IO determination

273

2731exp

273

273 ,

3

,,

c

refc

ref

sgap

c

refcrefoo T

T

q

Ne

T

TII

condition reference at the of valueThe

)10 x 3(1.6021773electron theof Charge q

module PV theof seriesin cells ofNumber N

materials) Sifor (1.17eV material theof gap Band e

(A)condition reference at thecurrent Saturation I

ref

19-

s

gap

refo,

C

Where

ref

refoc,,,

U exp

refLrefo II

ers)manufacturby provided be (Will V)condition( reference at the

module PV theof ltagecircuit voopen The , refocU



Success is a journey, Which has no Destination- Alternator-Nikola Tesla-1891


Calculation of α

(A)condition reference at thecurrent circuit Short I

(A) condition reference at thecurrent point power Maximum I

(V)condition reference at the agepoint voltpower Maximum

1ln

2

refsc,

refmp,

,

,

,

,,

,

,,

refmp

refsc

refmp

refmprefsc

refsc

refocrefmpref

U

Where

I

I

II

I

UU

refrefcT

273

273T

as expressed is which re, temperatuoffunction a is

,

c



There is no age bar for learning- Electric Chair-Harold P.Brown-1888


Calculation of Series Resistance Rs

Some manufactures provide value of Rs, if they do not provideIt can be calculated as follows

hereconstant as taken is

1ln

,

,,,

,

s

refmp

refmprefocrefsc

refmpref

s

R

I

UUI

I

R

Thermal Model of Photovoltaic cell

)Module(mPVcell/ theof area Effective

)mperature(Ambient te

)]. W/(t[coefficien lossheat Overall k

cells PV ofproduct absorbtion nceTransmitta

)].[J/( ecell/Modul PV theof areaunit per capacity heat oveall The

A

I x

2

0

20loss

,

20

,

A

cT

mc

K

mcC

TTKU

kdt

dTC

a

pvin

pv

aclosspvinc

pv



Knowledge is the antidote to fear – Electric Distribution System –Thomas Alva Edison - 1882

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL PARAMETERS

IL,ref(ISC,ref) 2.664 A

αref 5.472 V

Rs 1.324 Ω

Uoc,ref 87.72 V

Ump,ref 70.731 V

Imp,ref 2.448 A

Φref 1000 W/m2

Tc,ref 250c

CPV 5 X 104 J/ (0c.m2)

A 1.5m2

Kin,pv 0.9

Kloss 30 W/ (0c.m2)



Present life is better than life coming in future – Robot- Jacques de Vaucanson-1738

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK



Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement –Dynamo-Michael Faraday-1832

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK



Better safe than sorry –Analog Storage Oscilloscope- Hughes-1957

CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTCELL TEMPERATURE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

50

100

150

200

250

Voltage in Volts

Pow

er in

Wat

ts

Voltage Vs Power Characteristics

1400 W/Sq.M

1600 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature 25 deg Centigrade

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Voltage in Volts

Curr

ent i

n se

cs

Voltage Vs Current Characteristics

1600 W/Sq.M

1400 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature of 25 deg Cent



Distance lends enchantment to the view –CRO- Karl Ferdinand Braun- 1897

CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTIRRADIANCE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Voltage in Volts

Pow

er In

Wat

ts

Voltage Vs Power Characteristics

50 deg c

75 deg c

100 deg c125 deg c

150 deg c

Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Voltage in Volts

Cur

rent

In A

mps

Voltage Vs Current Characteristics

50 deg C

75 deg C

100 deg C125 deg C

150 deg C

Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M



Everyone wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die - Megger – Evershed - 1905

New PV fed Multilevel Inverter



Everything comes to him who waits -Ammeter – Edward Weston -1886

S6S4

S5S3

S2

D5

D4

D3

D2

2dcV

2dcV


Operation of Five Level Inverter with Auxiliary Switch


S6S4

S5S3

S2

D5

D4

D3

D2

2dcV

2dcV

Fish and guests smell after three days - Digital Multimeter –Fluke Electronics- 1969


Operation of Five Level Inverter with Auxiliary Switch

S6S4

S5S3

S2

D5

D4

D3

D2

2dcV

2dcV

Load

S6S4

S5S3

S2

D5

D4

D3

D2

2dcV

2dcV

2PVV pvV 2PVV pvV


History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-1928



Comparison of Different Carrier Waves

One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar – Electromagnetism –Maxwell-1865


New Five Level Inverter with Auxiliary Switch-A dual Reference Modulation Technique


Don’t sit like a rock work like a clock- Fluorescent Lamp –Edmund Germer - 1926


PWM Strategy and Operating Principle


Modulation index Ma for five-level PWM inverter is given as

2 cA

mAaM

Where Ac is the peak-to-peak value of carrier and Am is the peak value of voltage reference Vref. Since in this work two reference signals identical to each other areused, above equation can be expressed in terms of amplitude of carrier signal Vc

by replacing Ac with Vc and Am=Vref1=Vref2=Vref

2 c

ref

V

VM

One today is worth than two tomorrows- Fuel Cell- Francis Thomas Bacon -1932


PWM Strategy and Operating Principle


Switches S2–S4 will be switching at the rate of the carrier signal frequency, while S5 and S6 will operate at a frequency equivalent to the fundamental frequency.

A great talker is a great liar - Hall Effect- Edwin Hall -1879


CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM


A man is as old as he feels - Hybrid Vehicle –Ferdinand Porsche-1899

Maximum Power Point Algorithm



Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement- Logic gates-Charles Babbage -1837


SIMULATION RESULTS


Dual Reference and Carrier Comparison

Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Neon Lamp –Georges Claude-1910


SIMULATION RESULTS


Switching Signals to S2 and S3

A hungry man is an angry man -Pager-Al Gross-1949


SIMULATION RESULTS


Switching Signals to S4 and S5

Discretion is the better part of valor -Piezoelectricity-Pierre Curie-1880


SIMULATION RESULTS


Switching Signals to S6

Lightning never strikes twice in the same place -Relay-Joseph Henry-1835


SIMULATION RESULTS


OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH M ,D < 0.5 INVETER CURRENT WITH M ,D < 0.5

Money makes the world go round - Thermo Electricity –Thomson Johann Seebeck-1821


SIMULATION RESULTS


OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ITSFUNDAMENTAL WITH M ,D > 1.0

INVETER CURRENT WITH M ,D > 1.0

Never judge a book by its cover - Radio Guglielmo-1901


SIMULATION RESULTS


OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ITSFUNDAMENTAL WITH 0.5 <M ,D > 1.0

INVETER CURRENT WITH M ,D > 1.0

Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today - Remote Control –Nikola Tesla-1898


SIMULATION RESULTS


Harmonic Spectrum of Voltage With 0.5 <M ,D > 1.0With out filters

1.34 1.36 1.38 1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.5-200

0

200Selected signal: 75 cycles. FFT window (in red): 9 cycles

Time (s)

0 5 10 15 200

1

2

3

4

Harmonic order

Fundamental (50Hz) = 193.7 , THD= 8.28%

Mag

(% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l)

Harmonic Spectrum of Current With 0.5 <M ,D > 1.0Without filters

0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4-2

0

2Selected signal: 20.7 cycles. FFT window (in red): 8 cycles

Time (s)

0 200 400 600 800 10000

1

2

3

4

5

6

Frequency (Hz)

Fundamental (50Hz) = 1.997 , THD= 7.01%

Mag (

% o

f F

undam

enta

l)

No one can make you feel inferior without your consent –Regenerative Circuit-Edwin Armstrong-1914


CONCLUSION


This paper presented a single-phase five-level inverter with a dual referencemodulation technique for PV application. The dual reference modulation technique involves comparing two reference signals identical to each other except for an offset equivalent to its carrier signal, with a rectified inverted sine carrier signal to generate PWM switching signals for the switches. The circuit topology, control algorithm and operational principle of the proposed inverter were analyzed in detail. The results show that the THD of the five-level inverter is much less than that of the conventional three-level inverter. Furthermore, both the grid voltage and the grid current are in phase at near unity power factor.

Opportunity never knocks twice at any man's door - Electron –Joseph John –Thomson-1897.

Success is a journey, Which has no Destination



A New Single Phase PV fed Five Level Inverter Topology connected to the Grid 2010 IEEE International...

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