A New Model in the Medical Waste Management

EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM

PROCEEDINGS

14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011HALİÇ CONGRESS CENTER

ISTANBUL / TURKEY

www.eurasiasymposium.com

CommitteesHonorary CommitteeProf. Dr. Veysel Eroğlu Minister of Forest and Water Affairs, TurkeyErdoğan Bayraktar Minister of Environment and Urbanization, TurkeyProf. Dr. Adem Baştürk Member of the 22th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, General Secretary of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, TurkeyProf. Dr. Mustafa Öztürk Member of the 23th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of TurkeyProf. Dr. Lütfi Akça Undersecretary of the Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, TurkeySedat Kadıoğlu Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, TurkeyProf. Dr. İsmail Yüksek Rector of Yıldız Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Cumali Kınacı Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, General Manager of the Water Management DivisionProf. Dr. Ahmet Demir General Director of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration ISKI, TurkeyRecep Şahin Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Manager of Environmental Management Division, TurkeyProf. Dr. Hayrullah Ağaçcıoğlu Dean of Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical UniversityProf. Dr. Ferruh Ertürk Head of Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical UniversityProf. Dr. Mehmet Emin Birpınar Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Directorate of Istanbul City, Turkey

Scientific CommitteeProf. Dr. Fabrizio Adani The University of Milan, ItalyProf. Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydın Selcuk University, TurkeyProf. Dr. María Pilar Bernal CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, SpainProf. Dr. Erwin Binner University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AustriaProf. Dr. Mehmet Borat Fatih University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Alessandra Carucci The University of Cagliari, ItalyProf. Dr. Raffaello Cossu University of Padoa, ItalyProf. Dr. Luis F. Diaz CalRecovery, Inc., USAProf. Dr. Ayşen Erdinçler Bogazici University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Ayşe Filibeli Dokuz Eylül University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos Technical University of Crete, GreeceProf. Dr. M. Talha Gönüllü Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun Chungnam National University, KoreaProf. Dr. Somjai Karnchanawong Chiang Mai University, ThailandProf. Dr. Gabriel R. Kassenga Ardhi University, TanzaniaProf. Dr. Bülent Keskinler Gebze Institute of Technology, TurkeyProf. Dr. Günay Kocasoy Bogazici University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Peter Lechner University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AustriaProf. Dr. Piet N.L. Lens UNESCO-IHE Institute For Water Education, NetherlandsProf. Dr. Pier Paolo Manca The University of Cagliari, ItalyProf. Dr. İzzet Öztürk Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski Lublin University of Technology, PolandProf. Dr. Raffaella Pomi Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyProf. Dr. Marco Ritzkowski Technical University of Hamburg, GermanyProf. Dr. Ahmet Mete Saatçi Marmara University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Takayuki Shimaoka Kyushu University, JapanProf. Dr. Edward Stentiford The University of Leeds, United KingdomProf. Dr. Yücel Taşdemir Uludag University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Bülent Topkaya Akdeniz University, TurkeyProf. Dr. İsmail Toroz Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend University of Florida, USAProf. Dr. Kahraman Ünlü Middle East Technical University, TurkeyProf. Dr. Samuel T.S. Yuen University of Melbourne, Australia

Organizing CommitteeM. Sinan Bilgili Yildiz Technical UniversityEyüp Debik Yildiz Technical UniversityŞenol Yıldız ISTAC J.S.Co.Yaşar Avşar Yildiz Technical UniversityKamil B. Varınca Yildiz Technical UniversityGamze Varank Yildiz Technical University

Organized By

Sponsored By

Media Sponsor

Official Travel Agency

EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011

HALİÇ CONGRESS CENTERISTANBUL / TURKEY


Preface

PREFACE

On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to welcome to all participants and speakers to the EurAsia Waste Management Symposium (EWMS) 2011. This Symposium is organized by Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University.

Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University organizes conferences biennially since 2007. The first two conferences were organized as

National Symposiums with the name “Waste Management in Turkey Symposium (TURKAY) ” in 2007 and 2009, respectively. The Symposium is organized as an international Symposium in 2011 which is the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Yildiz Technical University.

EurAsia Waste Management Symposium will provide a comprehensive overview of effective waste management strategies across the Asian and the European regions. Also, the symposium will provide the opportunity to discuss and evaluate the current and future regional waste management strategies and recycling projects. All parties of waste management such as universities, industrial organizations, public institutions and organizations, local governments and legislators are welcome to attend to the symposium in order to share their experiences and to bring a common body of knowledge for the solution of the waste management problems in the region. The topics of the symposium will include almost all areas of waste management including legislation, collection, transport, treatment, recycle and reuse options for municipal, hazardous, medical, and other waste types.

We received around 210 abstracts from more than 30 countries and 134 of them were accepted as oral and poster presentations after a review process by the scientific committee. Now, we have 5 keynote speakers, 74 oral presentations and 60 poster presentations.

It is my pleasure to thank to supporting organizations, Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI), ISTAC J.S. Co., Istanbul Special Provincial Administration, International Waste Working Group (IWWG) and ISWA-Turkey (Turkish National Committee on Solid Waste). We have also 10 sponsor companies and I would like to thank to all sponsor companies attended to the Symposium. I would like to thank to all scientific committee members for their contribution during reviewing process of the papers.

I would also like to respectfully commemorate Prof. Dr. Ferruh ERTURK, Head of the Environmental Engineering Department, who died during the course of the Symposium.

Finally, I would like to thank to all organizing committee members of EurAsia Waste Management Symposium who made this Symposium successful.

I wish all participants to have a wonderful time in Istanbul and hope to see you again in Waste Management Symposium -2013.

Sincerely,

Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Sinan Bilgili Organizing Committee Chair Yildiz Technical University

14.11.2011 MONDAY

SADABAD HALL

Opening Program

08:30 Registration

Opening Ceramony

09:30

09:40

09:50 Opening Speeches

10:30 Coffee Break

Opening Panel : Waste management Legislations in Turkey and Europe

10:40

11:20

12:00

12:40 Lunch

EYÜP HALL FENER HALL

Session 1 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session 1 : Hazardous Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Christensen, Denmark Session Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Talha Gonullu, Turkey

14:00

14:00

14:20

14:40 14:40

15:00 15:00

15:20 15:20

15:40 Coffee Break 15:40 Coffee Break

Session 2 : Waste Management Legislations Session 2 : Landfilling

Session Chair: Dr. Senol Yildiz, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend, U.S.A.

15:50

15:50

16:10

16:30 16:30

16:50 16:50

Prof. Dr. Hayrullah AğaçcıoğluDean of Civil Engineering Faculty

Prof. Dr. İsmail YüksekRector of Yıldız Technical University

Waste Management in Istanbul Dr. Cevat Yaman, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality

Future Trends in Waste Management Strategies in IstanbulDr. Senol Yildiz, ISTAC J.S.Co.

Development of Waste Management Legislations in TurkeyDr. Mahir Erdem, The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization

Optimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing IntensityA. Khan, S. Zaheer Keynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial,

and Special WastesTimothy G. TownsendComposting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-Dewatering

M.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. Calli

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of SoilH.R. Doroudian, A. Alahverdi

Hazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in TurkeyB. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. Yetis

Management of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking AgentsM.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Solé-Mauri, A. Bonmatí, J.A. Solans, M.P Bernal

Kinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching From Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical PlantsP. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. Orrù

Stabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale StudyT. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik

Effect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing PlantV. Deniz

Keynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management ScenariosT.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. Møller

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills SitesN. Sliusar, V. Korotaev

Approaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantıng Around Solid Waste Landfill AreasU. Cosgun

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A ToolS. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. Bektas

Reclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. Meilany

Financial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste ManagementM.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

Spontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy ConsiderationS. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

15.11.2011 TUESDAY


09:00 - 17:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Session 3 : Landfilling Session 3 : Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Session Chair: Asooc. Prof. Dr. Osman A. Arikan, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Izzet Ozturk, Turkey

09:00

09:00

09:20

09:40 09:40

10:00 10:00


Session 4 : Solid Waste Collection and Transport Session 4 : Thermal Technologies for Waste Disposal

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Raffaella Pomi, Italy Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Maria Pilar Bernal, Spain

10:30 10:30

10:50 10:50

11:10 11:10

11:30 11:30

11:50 Cultural Tour + Lunch (Miniaturk Turkey Park)

Session 5 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session 5 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Borat, Turkey Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cakmakci, Turkey

15:00

15:00

15:20

15:40 15:40

16:00 16:00

16:20 16:20


Session 6 : Landfilling Session 6 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski, Poland Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasar Avsar, Turkey

16:50 16:50

17:10 17:10

17:30 17:30

17:50 17:50

18:10 18:10

Keynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing CountriesJ.-H. Hyun

Electroosmotic Dewatering of Red MudM. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. Levanti

Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli

Sampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill FacilitiesE.K. Paleologos, K Papapetridis

The Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.Kemirtlek

Landfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless KnowledgeM. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova

Heavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical MethodsF.H. Ibrahim

Cost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of IstanbulA.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. Enc

HeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara RegionJ. Theulen, E. Hepvar

Household Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, MoroccoY. El Belhouan, M. Stitou

Thermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani LigniteJ. Nisar

Evaluating People’s Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and QatarS. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.Farooqi

Modelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural ResiduesI.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. Perkoulidis

Determination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in IstanbulS. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

On the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete MixesM.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

R&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic WastesK.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. Sarac

Keynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial IssuesE. GidarakosPreliminary Studies on H

2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of

Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. Sprocati

Gasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy ProductionP. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. Stedman

European Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and RecyclingA. Martinuzzi, F. Montevecchi

The Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting PlantC. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. Bayer

Characterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, IranH. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl Hashemi

Methanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy ProductionR. Tabassum

The Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem ProtectionN. Cosgun

Slurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate Treatments

M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. Reznakova

Recycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction BlocksM.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. Shaukat

Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi

Waste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul ModelC. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur

Estimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in IstanbulO.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. Ozturk

Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuçovë Region, AlbaniaB. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. Valko

Energy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing PlantF. Di Maria

Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated CarbonsE.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.Mericboyu

Determination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill ReactorsE. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

Solidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland CementB. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

16.11.2011 WEDNESDAY


Session 7: Industrial Waste Management Session 7 : Hospital Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Ismail Toroz, Turkey Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bestamin Ozkaya, Turkey

09:00

09:00

09:20

09:40 09:40

10:00 10:00


Session 8 : Waste Management Legislations Session 8 : Hazardous Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Bulent Topkaya, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun, Korea

10:30 10:30

10:50 10:50

11:10 11:10

11:30 11:30

11:50 Lunch 11:50 Lunch

Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Yasar Nuhoglu, Turkey Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos, Greece

14:00 14:00

14:20 14:20

14:40 14:40

15:00 15:00

15:20 15:20


SADABAD HALL

16:00 Final Decleration

16:30 Issuing Certificates

18:00 Gala Dinner (Yildiz Hisar Restaurant)

Keynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid WastesL. Pawlowski

An Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical CorporationM.N. Faisal

Sustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, TurkeyA. Celebi, A.S. Erses Yay

Investigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in TanzaniaM.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N Lichtenberg

Lebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management SystemD. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. Asmar

Effect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) VierhK. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat

Don’t Mess Plastic Caps with the Household WasteS. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir

Presentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of UgandaT.D. Kasiiba , S.A. Abdulah

Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in TurkeyC. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay Urtkin

Waste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and ChallengesM.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. Taher

Investigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive IndustryB. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. Yetis

Waste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South AfricaE. Prosper

Screening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated fom Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron RemediationE.R. Chellaiah, K. Omine

Electrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in TurkeyS. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay

Recycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small ScaleT.I. Qureshi

Removal of Pesticide by Activated CarbonJ. Gulen, C. Cesmeli

The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in Wastewater C. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. Salt

Kinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating StationM. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. Djordjevic

Treatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated WastesP Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. Lens

Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir ElectrodesS. Alaca, B.K. Korbahti

Management and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in KoreaY.C. Jang, M. Kim

Studies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation TechniquesS. Cheela, G. Swaminathan

Use of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation TechnologyS. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. Khuhawar

Effect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange IIM. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova

Combining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for CottonF. Uddin

POSTER PRESENTATIONS (FOYER AREA)

P1 P31

P2 P32

P3 P33

P4 P34

P5 P35

P6 P36

P7 P37

P8 P38

P9 P39

P10 P40

P11 P41

P12 P42

P13 P43

P14 P44

P15 P45

P16 P46

P17 P47

P18 P48

P19 P49

P20 P50

P21 P51

P22 P52

P23 P53

P24 P54

P25 P55

P26 P56

P27 P57

P28 P58

P29 P59

P30 P60

Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy MetalsK.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu

Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater PollutionS. Ocak, S. Orcen

Combined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) RatsZ. Kechrid , F. Dahdouh

Microbial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile IndustryM. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. Khalid

SOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden HornE. Kocak, M.T. Gonullu

Usage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from WastewaterA. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. Emik

The Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance AnalysisM.A. Tony, A.M. Tayeb

Waste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. Guney

E-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current ConditionH. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. Mosaferi

Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible SolutionF. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli

Investigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass SpeciesH. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakıroglu, S. Yaman

Waste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling MethodA. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. Kasimoglu

Solidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains ArsenicMilena Dalmacija , Božo Dalmacija, Dejan Krčmar, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Sofija Poguberović, Jasmina Agbaba

Hydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague – Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. Sverak

Operational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical ProcessK. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-Hanafi

Fouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate CompoundsS. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. Kurt

Optimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic AlgorithmH.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. Bayat

Characterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive OilsV. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. Koroglu

Recovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming CatalystS. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. Tifouti

Recyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A UniversityO. Apaydin, M.T. Gonullu

The Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General EvaluationE. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. Dokmeci

Treatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface MethodK.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.Kurt

Spectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction MethodA.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. Uçan

Landfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and OzoneM. Korniluk, J. Ozonek

Removal of Pestiside by PerliteJ. Gulen, O. Deler

Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked PolymersZ. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. Solener

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous SolutionK. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. Aksas

Elimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption IsothermsA. Khalfaoui, A.H. Meniai

Life Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. Tairii

Bioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting MethodB. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. Cekmecelioglu

Adsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated CarbonsS.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy Mericboyu

Survey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of IranA. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. Ebrahimi

Sensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion ProcessK. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. Meniai

Performance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant's SludgesA. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. Attar

Effects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage SludgeG. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. Yildirim

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCsS. Ocak

Purification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel ProductionS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. Kesgin

Refractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile WastewaterU. Kurt, C. Dogan

The Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of TurkeyS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu

Waste Management in Public Hospitals in RomaniaC.F. Buicu

Think..... Before Using It !!!S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. Emir

Research on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and CupsO. Ucuncu, S. Doruk

Fly Ashes: Can They Be Reused?E. Marras, B. Grosso

In the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of TrabzonS. Doruk, O. Ucuncu

Assimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic LandfillR. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. Ledakowicz

Training of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, PakistanR. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. Magan

Educational Status and Disposal of Plastic WastesR. Ponnusamy, S. Arumugam

Using Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate TreatmentB. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. Ebrahimi

Determination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in TurkeyK.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu

Resource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity AnalysisT. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. Antonopoulos

A New Model in the Medical Waste ManagementK.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

Application of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping SitesM. Chomczynska

Variability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill LeachateM. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. Pawlowska

Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative AdsorbentA. Bal, I. Acar, G.Guclu

Kinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill LeachateG. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. Demir

The Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, ArdahanF. Yangilar, S. Seker

Removal of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas – Field StudiesM. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz

The Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of OilS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu

Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain CoagulationF.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi

Solid Waste Disposal StrategyA. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

Session 1-a : Biological Methods for Waste DisposalOptimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing IntensityA. Khan, S. Zaheer Composting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-DewateringM.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. CalliEffect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of SoilH.R. Doroudian, A. AlahverdiManagement of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking AgentsM.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Solé-Mauri, A. Bonmatí, J.A. Solans, M.P BernalStabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale StudyT. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik

Session 1-b : Hazardous Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial, and Special WastesT. G. TownsendHazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in TurkeyB. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. YetisKinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching from Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical PlantsP. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. OrrùEffect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing PlantV. Deniz

Session 2-a : Waste Management LegislationsKeynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management ScenariosT.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. MøllerEvaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A ToolS. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. BektasFinancial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste ManagementM.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

Session 2-b : LandfillingMunicipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills SitesN. Sliusar, V. KorotaevApproaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantıng Around Solid Waste Landfill AreasU. CosgunReclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. MeilanySpontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy ConsiderationS. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

Session 3-a : LandfillingKeynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing CountriesJ.-H. HyunSampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill FacilitiesE.K. Paleologos, K PapapetridisLandfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless KnowledgeM. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova

Session 3-b : Sludge Treatment and DisposalElectroosmotic Dewatering of Red MudM. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. LevantiExperimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. CirulliThe Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.KemirtlekHeavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical MethodsF.H. Ibrahim

Page1-402-8

9-18

19-25

26-33

34-40

41-7742-50

51-56

57-68

69-77

79-9778-84

85-89

90-97

98-13199-106

107-114

115-120

121-131

132-154133-138

139-146

147-154

155-183156-163

164-170

171-178

179-183

INDEX

Session 4-a : Solid Waste Collection and TransportCost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of IstanbulA.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. EncHousehold Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, MoroccoY. El Belhouan, M. StitouEvaluating People’s Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and QatarS. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.FarooqiDetermination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in IstanbulS. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

Session 4-b : Thermal Technologies for Waste DisposalHeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara RegionJ. Theulen, E. HepvarThermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani LigniteJ. NisarModelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural ResiduesI.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. PerkoulidisOn the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete MixesM.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

Session 5-a : Biological Methods for Waste DisposalR&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic WastesK.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. SaracPreliminary Studies on H2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. SprocatiGasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy ProductionP. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. StedmanThe Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting PlantC. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. BayerMethanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy ProductionR. Tabassum

Session 5-b : Industrial Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial IssuesE. GidarakosEuropean Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and RecyclingA. Martinuzzi, F. MontevecchiCharacterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, IranH. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl HashemiThe Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem ProtectionN. Cosgun

Session 6-a : LandfillingSlurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate TreatmentsM. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. ReznakovaAl Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al SmadiEstimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in IstanbulO.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. OzturkEnergy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing PlantF. Di MariaDetermination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill ReactorsE. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

Session 6-b : Industrial Waste ManagementRecycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction BlocksM.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. ShaukatWaste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul ModelC. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuçovë Region, AlbaniaB. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. ValkoLead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated CarbonsE.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.MericboyuSolidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland CementB. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

Page184-227185-199

200-206

207-218

219-227

228-259229-235

236-240

241-252

253-259

260-269261-267

268-276

277-283

284-288

289-296

297-324298-300

301-311

312-317

317-324

325-370326-331

332-350

351-357

358-364

365-370

371-409372-378

379-387

388-393

394-399

400-409

INDEX

Session 7-a: Industrial Waste ManagementKeynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid WastesL. PawlowskiInvestigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in TanzaniaM.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N LichtenbergEffect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) VierhK. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat

Session 7-b : Hospital Waste ManagementAn Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical CorporationM.N. FaisalSustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, TurkeyA. Celebi, A.S. Erses YayLebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management SystemD. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. AsmarDon’t Mess Plastic Caps with the Household WasteS. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir

Session 8-a : Waste Management LegislationsPresentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of UgandaT.D. Kasiiba , S.A. AbdulahWaste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and ChallengesM.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. TaherWaste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South AfricaE. ProsperElectrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in TurkeyS. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay

Session 8-b : Hazardous Waste ManagementHazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in TurkeyC. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay UrtkinInvestigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive IndustryB. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. YetisScreening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron RemediationE.R. Chellaiah, K. OmineRecycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small ScaleT.I. Qureshi

Session 9-a : Industrial Waste Management Removal of Pesticide by Activated CarbonJ. Gulen, C. CesmeliKinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating StationM. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. DjordjeElectrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir ElectrodesS. Alaca, B.K. KorbahtiStudies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation TechniquesS. Cheela, G. SwaminathanEffect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange IIM. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova

Session 9-b : Industrial Waste Management The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in WastewaterC. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. SaltTreatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated WastesP Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. LensManagement and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in KoreaY.C. Jang, M. KimUse of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation TechnologyS. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. KhuhawarCombining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for CottonF. Uddin

Page 410-437411-417

418-422

423-436

437-462438-446

447-453

454-458

459-462

463-493464-472

473-481

482-487

488-493

494-526495-502

503-508

509-518

519-526

527-560528-532

533-539

540-544

545-552

553-560

561-600562-571

572-579

580-585

586-595

596-600

INDEX

POSTER PRESENTATIONSSolidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy MetalsK.B. Varinca, M.T. GonulluCombined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) RatsZ. Kechrid , F. DahdouhSOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden HornE. Kocak, M.T. GonulluThe Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance AnalysisM.A. Tony, A.M. TayebE-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current ConditionH. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. MosaferiInvestigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass SpeciesH. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakıroglu, S. YamanSolidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains ArsenicMilena Dalmacija , Božo Dalmacija, Dejan Krčmar, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Sofija Poguberović, Jasmina AgbabOperational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical ProcessK. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-HanafiOptimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic AlgorithmH.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. BayatRecovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming CatalystS. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. TifoutiThe Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General EvaluationE. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. DokmeciSpectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction MethodA.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. UçanRemoval of Pestiside by PerliteJ. Gulen, O. DelerKinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous SolutionK. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. AksasLife Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. TairiiAdsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated CarbonsS.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy MericboyuSensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion ProcessK. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. MeniaiEffects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage SludgeG. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. YildirimPurification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel ProductionS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. KesginThe Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of TurkeyS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. TerziogluThink..... Before Using It !!!S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. EmirFly Ashes: Can They Be Reused?E. Marras, B. GrossoAssimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic LandfillR. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. LedakowiczEducational Status and Disposal of Plastic WastesR. Ponnusamy, S. ArumugamDetermination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in TurkeyK.B. Varinca, M.T. GonulluA New Model in the Medical Waste ManagementK.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. AvsarVariability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill LeachateM. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. PawlowskaKinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill LeachateG. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. DemirRemoval of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas – Field StudiesM. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. MontusiewiczAl Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain CoagulationF.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater PollutionS. Ocak, S. Orcen

Page603-606

607-611

612-618

619-623

624-631

632-637

638-643

644-649

650-657

658-663

664-666

667-674

675-679

680-687

688-692

693-699

700-704

705-707

708-713

714-720

721-723

724-733

734-740

741-749

750-757

758-766

767-772

773-778

779-784

785-799

800-803

INDEX

POSTER PRESENTATIONSMicrobial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile IndustryM. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. KhalidUsage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from WastewaterA. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. EmikWaste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. GuneyExperimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible SolutionF. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. CirulliWaste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling MethodA. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. KasimogluHydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague – Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. SverakFouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate CompoundsS. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. KurtCharacterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive OilsV. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. KorogluRecyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A UniversityO. Apaydin, M.T. GonulluTreatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface MethodK.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.KurtLandfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and OzoneM. Korniluk, J. OzonekRemoval of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked PolymersZ. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. SolenerElimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption IsothermsA. Khalfaoui, A.H. MeniaiBioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting MethodB. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. CekmeceliogluSurvey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of IranA. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. EbrahimiPerformance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant’s SludgesA. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. AttarMunicipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCsS. OcakRefractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile WastewaterU. Kurt, C. DoganWaste Management in Public Hospitals in RomaniaC.F. BuicuResearch on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and CupsO. Ucuncu, S. DorukIn the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of TrabzonS. Doruk, O. UcuncuTraining of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, PakistanR. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. MaganUsing Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate TreatmentB. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. EbrahimiResource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity AnalysisT. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. AntonopoulosApplication of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping SitesM. ChomczynskaRemoval of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative AdsorbentA. Bal, I. Acar, G.GucluThe Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, ArdahanF. Yangilar, S. SekerThe Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of OilS. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. TerziogluSolid Waste Disposal StrategyA. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

Page804-811

812-819

820-824

825-831

832-839

840-846

847-853

854-857

858-863

864-872

873-878

879-883

884-889

890-894

895-901

902-906

907-910

911-917

918-926

927-934

935-941

942-949

950-961

962-972

973-978

979-984

985-989

990-994

995-999

INDEX

758

A New Model in the Medical Waste Management

Kamil B. Varinca1, Cengiz Esmen2, Yasar Avsar3

Abstract

Increasing amount of solid wastes and as a parallel to this, increase in medical wastes, have become a serious environmental problem due to growing population and industrialization. As a result of this, collecting medical wastes separately from harmless household wastes seems to be an effective solution worth considering.

As a result of overpopulation and industrialization the increase in solid wastes, and as a derivative of this, medical wastes have become a serious environmental problem. As a solution, we claim in this paper, medical wastes must be picked up separately, not together with household wastes and eliminated in the most environmentally-friendly way. In this context, in our country, medical wastes are managed according to the regulation which was published in the government’s Official Bulletin # 25883 and went into effect on 07/22/2005, i.e., the Regulation of Medical Waste Management’.

Sterilization has become possible to accurately monitor medical waste. In addition, the system can weigh/calculate the quantity of these medical wastes, record and control them. The efficiency of the system will be measured based on the quantity of wastes picked up before and after the launch of this procedure, the change over time in the volume and quantity of wastes regularly sent to landfill after sterilization.

In this study we concentrate on the New Medical Wastes Management System (Sterilization) in the Metropolis of Bursa, Turkey. Based on these observations, we display the medical wastes elimination system in Bursa as a novel and advantageous method.

.Keywords: Medical waste, sterilization, waste management

1. INTRODUCTION Medical waste can be defined as waste generated as a result of diagnosis, treatment and immunization of humans or animals [1]. Unfortunately, there is no one common specific definition of what constitutes medical waste so each facility must determine this based on applicable federal, stat e and local regulations. Definition of medical waste in Regulation for Control of Medical Waste, waste originating from the units, as listed under Groups C (infectious waste), D (pathologic waste) and E (SHARP) in ANNEX-2 in the form of infectious or pathological waste and any all sharps [2]. World Health Organization (WHO) describes medical waste as a broad range of materials, from used needles and syringes to soiled dressings, body parts, diagnostic samples, blood, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and radioactive materials [3].

Infectious wastes contain pathogens in sufficient construction or quantity that, when exposed to it might be resulted in diseases, e.g. waste from surgeries with infectious diseases, contaminated plastic items, etc. Pathological wastes consist mainly of tissues, organs, placentas, blood, etc. (However the traditional practice is that patients remove: dispose of placentas themselves.) Sharps include needles, syringes, broken glass, blades and any other items that could cause a cut or puncture. The characteristics of waste from hospitals are almost similar in all countries except for amounts generated due to standard procedures executed in the medical field. Legislations on the safe disposal of medical wastes may vary from one country to another. In

1 Corresponding author: Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/İstanbul

[email protected] 2 Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/İstanbul [email protected] 3 Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/İstanbul [email protected]

759

EurAsia Waste Management Symposium, 14-16 November 2011, Haliç Congress Center, İstanbul/Türkiye

the USA for instance, the regulated medical wastes in US include: cultures and stocks of infectious agents, human pathological wastes, human blood and blood products, used and unused sharp implements and contaminated animal wastes [3].

1.1. Medical waste management in Turkey

In health care facility, as regards medical waste as listed under Groups C, D and E in ANNEX-2; relevant medical staff, particularly doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists and laboratory technical staff shall collect such waste at source as it is being generated and accumulate the same without mixing it with other categories of waste. When collecting medical waste from health care facility, special bags used in collecting medical waste shall be red-colored plastic bags resistant to tear, puncture, burst and impact of transport; made of original medium intensity polyethylene material, with double-thread stitch in the bottom and without bellows. They should have 100 microns of double-layer thickness and at least 10 kilograms of carrying capacity; also bearing, on both sides and in easily visible size, the “International Biohazard Symbol” and the expression “Attention Medical Waste”. Health care facility shall fill bags more than ¾ capacity; strapped in the neck securely and, where necessary, each bag shall be placed in another bag with the same properties and thus a (nearly) absolutely certain state of non-leakage shall be assured. Medical waste bags (once used as such) shall not under any circumstances be recovered or reused. The contents of medical waste bags shall not be compressed in any manner whatsoever, or emptied, or transferred to another container [2].

Medical sharps wastes shall be placed, separately from other types of medical waste, inside boxes or containers made of plastic or laminated cardboard with similar properties, bearing on them the “International Biohazard Symbol” and the expression “Attention Medical Waste”; with such boxes or containers being resistant to puncture, tear, breakage, burst, also being waterproof, leak-proof and impossible to either to open or to confuse with other boxes or containers. Such waste containers shall be filled to at most ¾ capacities, then closed securely and placed in red plastic bags. Once the sharps boxes are filled, they shall not under any circumstances be opened, emptied or recovered. Once any medical waste bag and sharps box has been filled to ¾ capacities, it shall be replaced with a new one immediately. It shall be arranged for new bags and containers to be available and ready for use at the source whereby medical waste is being generated or at a place nearest to it [2].

1.2. Sterilization of infectious waste in Turkey

In Regulation for Control of Medical Waste, infectious waste along with sharps waste may be rendered harmless by applying sterilization. Waste rendered harmless thus may then be disposed of by being deposited in domestic waste storage areas. Metropolitan municipality where it exists, or else municipality, or persons or organizations duly authorized by the same shall build and operate sterilization facilities. Units themselves shall not build or operate individual sterilization facilities [2].

At the premises of sterilization facilities, there shall be storage areas refrigerated down to +4 °C, where the waste can be held safely, without causing any harm to environmental or human health, before sterilization is applied to such waste material. Among the waste to be sterilized; any pathological waste or chemicals substances, particularly volatile or semi-volatile organic substances, mercury, any genotoxic/cytotoxic agents, radiological waste or any pressurized containers shall not be included [2].

It shall be mandatory to operate a waste shredder / crusher at sterilization facilities. The crusher shall be installed either at front or back end of the sterilization unit. In case the crusher is used before sterilization unit, the crusher also shall be sterilized after sterilization of waste material is completed [2].

1.3. Validity of sterilization operation

Chemical and biological indicators shall be used to test for whether the infectious waste that has been sterilized has indeed been rendered harmless. Chemical indicators shall be used in autoclave sterilization of infectious waste. Once sterilization is complete, the chemical indicator strip / holder that had been placed in the autoclave together with waste shall be checked for change of color [2].

Biological indicators; State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies (STAATT) met in the first STAATT meeting came up four levels of microbial inactivation and they suggested Level III, Inactivation of vegetative bacteria, fungi, lipophilic / hydrophilic viruses, parasites, mycobacteria at a 6 Log 10 reduction or greater. Inactivation of B. tearothermophilus spores and B. subtilis spores at a 4 Log 10 reduction or greater, Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning accept both Level III-IV [2-4].

Tests for sterilization validity applied by using biological indicators shall be performed on a weekly basis by examining the indicators placed in the sterilization chamber together with the waste material being sterilized on that day. Sterilized (medical) waste coming out of the sterilization process, thus having gained domestic waste characterization and the waste material is finally deposited in the waste disposal site [2].

760

A New Model in the Medical Waste Management K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

3

2. NEW MODEL OF MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT S YS TEM IN BURSA There are about 678 health care facilities to be collected medical waste in Bursa. (39 Health Care Institutions that Generate Medical Waste in Large Quantities, 304 Health Care Institutions that Generate Medical Waste in Medium Quantities and 335 Health Care Institutions that Generate Medical Waste in Small ). In Bursa, all health care facility have total of 6241 beds. The HCFs include hospitals, health centers and dispensaries that are either owned by the government and private proprietors. The city of Bursa also is the fourth largest cities in Turkey which population is 2.605.495 and total of generated medical waste amount 2500 ton/year in 2010 [5-6-7-8].

Before new medical waste management system, medical waste was collected as regulation accepts which medical waste was collected bags with special trucks by Bursa Metropolitan Municipality. After collecting medical waste from health care facility, the waste was buried landfill. There were some problems collecting medical waste in healthcare facility and during to pick up process and transfer to landfill. For example, medical sharps waste shall be placed inside bag without put in containers made of plastic or laminated cardboard with similar properties, so the sharp may cut bags that are showing Fig 1 and the waste can spread or the bags can leak in side health care facility. There was also another occupational safety problem which needle can sink or sharp can cut employer who is responsible to collecting medical waste [6].

After new medical waste management system, medical wastes are collected in lockable medical waste containers which are showing Fig 2-4-5, again for the first time in Turkey and picked up by licensed vehicles and specially trained personnel from health establishments. During this pick-up process, medical waste containers are inspected for the level of radioactivity which is showing Fig 6, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors [7].

Also, for the first time in Turkey, in order to eliminate potential problems during the pick-up process and to establish a clear medical waste elimination system, special software has been designed and used. Medical wastes are weighed on electronic scales with barcode-reader and then entered into a computerized database using this software; all these data are transmitted to concerned parties over the Internet. In order to pick up the wastes from their sources efficiently with minimum harm to the environment, to prevent undesirable consequences and to supervise the entire process efficiently, activities such as picking up and transporting with containers and in-cycle monitoring are being implemented that is like Fig 7-8 [7].

Figure 1. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 2. Collection of medical wastes by containers

*Not include October, November and December 2011 medical waste amount

Figure 3. Amount of medical waste in Bursa [6, 7]

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Figure 4. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 5. Collection of medical wastes by containers

Figure 6. Inspected for the level of radioactivity Figure 7. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 8. Weighed on electronic scales and using software

Figure 9. Disinfection of trucks

Figure 10. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant

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2.1. Facility Description

Bursa medical waste sterilization plant in Turkey is the site of the state-of-the-art autoclave biomedical waste treatment facility. When medical waste trucks receive in plant which showing Fig 10, medical waste containers transfer to waste carts. Plant employees will transfer medical waste to the autoclave work area in waste carts. Before discharging medical waste containers into autoclave bins, the containers weighed on electronic scales and they are inspected for the level of radioactivity, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors for control. Each waste cart loaded with medical waste containers are discharged into the autoclave bins. These loaded bins are transferred into the autoclave which is showing in Fig 11. Steam is generated in Boiler and it is using sterilize medical waste in autoclave unit. Fig 12 is showing steam generating unit. After sterilized medical waste, bins are sent to shredding unit which is showing in Fig 13 [7].

Trucks are sent into a special vehicle cleaning section likewise the medical waste containers are taken to another cleaning section to be disinfected with special cleaners. Fig 14 is showing cleaning section where chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is used as a disinfectant [7].

Figure 11. Sterilization unit (autoclave)

Figure 12. Sterilize Medical Waste Shredding Unit

Figure 13. Steam generation unit

Figure 14. Medical Waste Containers Disinfection Unit

All personnel must wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The PPE shall consist of the followings: impermeable gloves (all persons handling medical waste bags), heat resistant industrial grade gloves (all persons handling the autoclave bins), eye shield protection (all persons working in the autoclave processing area), clothing protection, such as aprons and long sleeves is recommended for personnel directly handling infectious waste [7].

The steam autoclave is the most popular and cost effective medical waste treatment technology. Unlike the autoclaved medical waste by product is sanitized and safe for landfill disposal. Bursa plant which is one of the best technologies in terms of productivity and management uses autoclave sterilization system in the elimination of medical wastes. In this plant, a pre-vacuum cycle removes air and then a-145 °C saturated steam is introduced to the wastes. Wastes are sterilized under high pressure (3.1 bars). After exposure, the steam is vented through a condenser and the condensate is drained to the sewer. A post-vacuum is applied to remove residual steam and protect workers, at the same time drying the waste. Total process time 45 minutes; all the processes are recorded and all the parameters are monitored by chart recorder. The plant has been monitored via security cameras 24/7. To maximize landfill space, autoclaved medical waste is safely compacted to achieve 70% volume reduction after sheared medical waste (Tab 1). Bursa plant is using post shredding system which is using more than pre shredding system in around the world. A schematic diagram of the process is presented in Fig 15 [7].

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Bursa plant monitors the decontamination performance by placing Biological Indicator (Bacillus stearothermophilus spores) into the center of a challenged waste load at least once per week and chemical indicator loads every cycle. After autoclaving, the spores are incubated and monitored for microbiological growth in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (i.e. no-growth indicates the effective waste treatment has been achieved). The ampoules are inspected and signed off by the supervisor in charge before it is discarded. And also another ampoule sent to reference laboratory for inspection. Autoclave system is equipped with a programmable controller that continuously monitors temperature and pressure. Temperature and pressure sensors provide the programmable controller with continuous data reflecting the environment within the autoclave. The plant operators do not have authorized access to the programmable controller [7]. Medical waste management system in Bursa is seen a flow chart which is presented in Fig 17.

Figure 15. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant Process Description

II QRT 2008*

III QRT 2008

I QRT 2009

II QRT 2009

III QRT 2009

I QRT 2010

II QRT 2010

III QRT 2010

I QRT 2011

II QRT 2011

III QRT 2011**

BURSA 167.29 668 737 793 789 831 826 811 860 853 205YALOVA 0.00 0 58 40 40 38 43 43 47 52 13BALIKESİR 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 213 61QUATERLY TOTAL 167.29 668 795 833 829 869 870 854 951 1,118 2801 SHIFT CAPACITY 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

1,400.00

Ster

ilize

Med

ical

Was

te(T

ons

per

qua

rter

)

* The Plant Started Running in August 2009 ** Not Include October, November and December 2011 waste amount

Figure 16. Amount of sterilize medical waste in plant

2.2. Sterilize Medical Wastes in Bursa Plant

The plant started running in August 2008. The data in Table 1 summarizes information of running of Bursa sterilization plant. Five bins fit into autoclave and total bins volume are 8.1 m3, the medical waste density is average 145 kg/m3, and capacity of autoclave unit is 1,166 kg per cycle which is 45 minutes. The plant capacity can reach 36 ton per day which means that the plant can sterilize all Bursa medical waste and the

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other cities medical waste in one shift. The volume reduction is 7%0 that are 18,328 m3 after shredding and compacting sterilize medical waste [4].

Fig 12 shows that Bursa Sterilization plant has been sterilizing medical wastes of three cities which are Bursa, Yalova and Balikesir. All Bursa cities medical waste has been sterilizing in plant since opening the plant, and Yalova’s medical waste sterilizing since January 2009 and Balikesir’s medical waste starting sterilizing recently. Running just one shift every day has been enough to sterilize all tree cities’ medical waste. The plant has been running six days every week since establishing [4].

Table 1. Amount of medical waste in Bursa,

Sterilize Waste

Amount

Mountly Autoclave Per Cycle

Autoclave Volume

First Waste

Volume

First Waste

DensityVolume

Reduction

End Waste

VolumeEnd waste

Density

Avarage Autoclave

capacity per cycle (45

min)

Mounth Tones Cycle m3 m3 kg/m3 m3 m3 kg/m3 kg

Aug-08 167.29 171 8.1 1385.1 121 969.57 415.53 402.61 997

Sep-08 162.33 178 8.1 1441.8 113 1009.26 432.54 375.29 935

Oct-08 171.11 187 8.1 1514.7 113 1060.29 454.41 376.55 923

Nov-08 170.03 196 8.1 1587.6 107 1111.32 476.28 357.00 864

Dec-08 164.40 189 8.1 1530.9 107 1071.63 459.27 357.97 869

Jan-09 220.28 214 8.1 1733.4 127 1213.38 520.02 423.60 868

Feb-09 176.29 191 8.1 1547.1 114 1082.97 464.13 379.82 896

Mar-09 194.26 206 8.1 1668.6 116 1168.02 500.58 388.06 938

Apr-09 204.19 205 8.1 1660.5 123 1162.35 498.15 409.89 995

May-09 201.01 195 8.1 1579.5 127 1105.65 473.85 424.20 1025

Jun-09 211.02 191 8.1 1547.1 136 1082.97 464.13 454.66 1101

Jul-09 214.68 192 8.1 1555.2 138 1088.64 466.56 460.13 1115

Aug-09 206.23 178 8.1 1441.8 143 1009.26 432.54 476.80 1160

Sep-09 192.24 158 8.1 1279.8 150 895.86 383.94 500.69 1220

Oct-09 217.55 175 8.1 1417.5 153 992.25 425.25 511.58 1245

Nov-09 193.06 157 8.1 1271.7 152 890.19 381.51 506.05 1229

Dec-09 225.70 183 8.1 1482.3 152 1037.61 444.69 507.55 1223

Jan-10 208.72 177 8.1 1433.7 146 1003.59 430.11 485.28 1177

Feb-10 203.32 171 8.1 1385.1 147 969.57 415.53 489.30 1185

Mar-10 232.72 194 8.1 1571.4 148 1099.98 471.42 493.65 1199

Apr-10 224.38 185 8.1 1498.5 150 1048.95 449.55 499.11 1210

May-10 210.17 167 8.1 1352.7 155 946.89 405.81 517.89 1253

Jun-10 221.32 181 8.1 1466.1 151 1026.27 439.83 503.19 1220

Jul-10 224.78 177 8.1 1433.7 157 1003.59 430.11 522.61 1267

Aug-10 213.45 167 8.1 1352.7 158 946.89 405.81 525.99 1274

Sep-10 206.01 159 8.1 1287.9 160 901.53 386.37 533.20 1296

Oct-10 213.27 164 8.1 1328.4 161 929.88 398.52 535.14 1296

Nov-10 201.22 158 8.1 1279.8 157 895.86 383.94 524.10 1272

Dec-10 233.77 188 8.1 1522.8 154 1065.96 456.84 511.71 1242

Jan-11 229.58 181 8.1 1466.1 157 1026.27 439.83 521.97 1260

Feb-11 211.91 172 8.1 1393.2 152 975.24 417.96 507.00 1228

Mar-11 243.53 190 8.1 1539 158 1077.3 461.7 527.46 1283

Apr-11 265.79 206 8.1 1668.6 159 1168.02 500.58 530.97 1291

May-11 271.88 207 8.1 1676.7 162 1173.69 503.01 540.50 1306

Jun-11 287.05 215 8.1 1741.5 165 1219.05 522.45 549.43 1333

Jul-11 286.77 207 8.1 1676.7 171 1173.69 503.01 570.10 1384

Aug-11 272.50 200 8.1 1620 168 1134 486 560.69 1361

Sep-11 279.62 203 8.1 1644.3 170 1151.01 493.29 566.84 1377

Toplam 8,233 7,035 8.1 56983.5 145 39888.45 17095.1 18328.57 1166

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3. CONCLUS ION

Before new medical waste management system, medical waste was collected as regulation accepts which medical waste were collected bags with special trucks by Bursa Metropolitan Municipality. After collecting the medical waste from health care facilities, the waste was buried landfill. After new medical waste management system, medical wastes are collected in lockable medical waste containers . In addition, the system can weigh/calculate the quantity of these medical wastes, record and control them. And it is picked up by licensed vehicles and specially trained personnel from health establishments. During this pick-up process, medical waste containers are inspected for the level of radioactivity, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors. Bursa Medical waste sterilization plant in, Turkey is the site of the state-of-the-art autoclave biomedical waste treatment facility. Sterilization has become possible to accurately be monitored. The efficiency of the system will be measured based on the quantity of wastes picked up before and after the launch of this procedure, the change over time in the volume and quantity of wastes regularly sent to landfill after sterilization.

REFERENCES [1]. Health Care Without Harm, “Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies”, August 2001. [2]. Minister for Environment and Forest, "Regulation of Control of Medical Waste ", R. G. Date: 22.05.2005, R.G. Issue:

25883. [3]. World Health Organization - WHO, [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/topics/medical_waste, [02.10.2011]. [4]. STAATT I, “Technical Assistance Manual: State Regulatory Oversight of Medical Waste Treatment Technologies”,

State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies, April 1994. [5]. Minister for Environment and Forest , General Directorate of Environmental Management, Waste Management

Department, “Medical Waste Status Report for the Year 2010”, 31.12.2010, Ankara, Turkey. [6]. Bursa Metropolitan Municipality, "Medical Waste Sterilization Facility Feasibility Report", November 2007, Bursa,

Turkey. [7]. ERA Environmental Technologies Co, http://www.eracevre.com, October 2011. [8]. Ministry of Health, “ Capacities of Hospitals by Cities and Establishments”, [Online]. Available:

http://www.saglik.gov.tr, [09/06/2010]. [9]. Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI), the Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database, [Online].

Available: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul, [11.09.2011].

BIOGRAPHY Kamil B. VARINCA works as a research assistant at Yıldız Technical University Environmental Engineering Department.

Varınca received his BSc in Environmental Engineering in 2002 from İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey, and his MSc in Environmental Engineering in 2006 from Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey. He is still PhD student on Hazardous Waste Management at Yıldız Technical University Environmental Engineering Department.

Varınca is a member of Chamber of Environmental Engineers (CEE) and Turkish National Committee on Solid Wastes (TNCSW).

He may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].

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9 Figure 17. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant Flow Chart

1000

EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011

HALİÇ CONGRESS CENTERISTANBUL / TURKEY


A New Model in the Medical Waste Management

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