A New Industrial A New Industrial AgeAge

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization

• Oil– Edwin Drake– Rise of the Refining

Industry

• Bessemer Steel – Iron: Plentiful yet not

flexible– Steel: Expensive – Bessemer Process

• Cheaper, faster, stronger, BETTER!

New uses for New uses for steel:steel:

• RailroadsRailroads

• Barbed wireBarbed wire

• Construction- skyscrapers, bridgesConstruction- skyscrapers, bridges

Inventions• Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

– light bulblight bulb

• Christopher SholesChristopher Sholes– TypewriterTypewriter

• Alexander Graham Alexander Graham BellBell– telephonetelephone

Furthering Industrialization:

• development of the airplane

• expansion of the railroads

• mass production of automobiles

• widespread use of steamboats

Importance of the Importance of the RailroadsRailroads

• Aided Westward Expansion Aided Westward Expansion • Made movement in the West easier, faster, Made movement in the West easier, faster,

and saferand safer• Employed thousands of immigrantsEmployed thousands of immigrants• Destroyed BuffaloDestroyed Buffalo• Pushed Native Americans to reservationsPushed Native Americans to reservations• Developed Time ZonesDeveloped Time Zones• Munn V. Illinois Munn V. Illinois • Interstate Commerce ActInterstate Commerce Act

Philosophies of the late 1800s• Laissez faire- government should not regulate

business; common practice

• Social Darwinism- applied “natural selection” to evolution of human society

• “Success and failure in business and society are governed by natural law—no one has the right not intervene”

(6.a)

Andrew Carnegie• Captain of Steel IndustryCaptain of Steel Industry

• Manufactured more steel than all of Great Manufactured more steel than all of Great BritainBritain

• Organized business- Organized business- vertical integrationvertical integration

Gospel of Wealth

Fewer Control More• Monopolies

– J.P. Morgan (Carnegie Steel)– John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Trust)

• Standard Oil Company– Controlled 90% of refineries – Robber Barons– Philanthropists– Horizontal Integration

• Sherman Antitrust Act- 1890 law passed to outlaw trusts/ monopolies that interfered with free trade

• Why did women join the workforce?

• What impact did women have on the workforce?

• How were they treated differently from men?

• What impact did children have on the What impact did children have on the workforce? Why would company owners workforce? Why would company owners want to use child labor?want to use child labor?

• What role did immigrants play in What role did immigrants play in industrialization?industrialization?

Labor Unions Emerge• Issues Workers Faced Daily:

– 12 hr. Workday– 6 days a week– No Time off (Vacation or Sick)– No unemployment or Workers’ Comp– Unsafe Working Conditions– Children forced to work – Tenements—(Horrible Living Conditions)

How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis

• Read quote pg. 245

• What was the topic of Riis’ book?

• As a result of this book, how did the city govt improve the lives of the people?

Labor Union Strikes

• Great Strike of 1877:– Protested Pay Cut– 50,000 miles of RR work came to halt – Federal Troops ended it…WHY??

• Haymarket Riot of 1886:– Workers Protested treatment– Bomb went off, killing many– How did this affect the KofL?

Labor Union Strikes

• Homestead Strike of 1892:– Steel workers/Pay Cuts– Pinkertons– Shootouts!

• Pullman Strike of 1894:– RR Workers/Wage Cuts– Arbitration– Federal Troops

A Fight for the Women– Equal Pay for Equal Work– Better Working Conditions– End of Child Labor

• Mary Harris Jones

• ILGWU – International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union– All Women

• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)