A new approach for mapping soil indicators at national...

SIAS Project – EIONET Workshop on Soil – JRC/Ispra 10-12 December 2012

A new approach for mapping soil indicators at national level A new approach for mapping soil indicators at national level by upby up--scaling and scaling and harmonisingharmonising local soil data local soil data

SIAS project SIAS project -- ItalyItaly


SIAS ProjectSIAS Project

Sviluppo di Indicatori Ambientali sul Suolo

Development of Environmental Indicators for Soil

Pilot project aimed at determining two soil indicators:

• Organic Carbon content (OC)

• Soil Loss by water Erosion (SL)

Scope: set up an operational tool at national level for soil protection policy, following the recommendations of Soil Thematic Strategy (COM (2006) 231) and the Proposal for a Framework Directive (COM (2006) 232)The project focused on soil erosion and loss of organic matter, as these are two of the main threats identified by the European Commission


• ISPRA (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research in Italy) - Financing body and project coordinator

• ARPAV (Environmental Protection Agency of the Veneto Region) - technical-scientific coordinator

• Regional Soil Survey Services - contributor for methodology defining, soil data elaboration and soil indicator assessment

• JRC (Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit) - contributor for implementing the methodology of upscaling data, ensuring consistency with European standards and procedures

• CRA-ABP (Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology) - support in defining soil erosion methodology

• CRA-RPS (Research Centre for Soil-Plant System studies) – contributor for Lazio and Umbria regions.

SIAS Project SIAS Project -- PARTNERSPARTNERS


Bottom up approachBottom up approachHarmonization of soil data at national level up-scaling information

available at regional level (Regional Soil Survey Services )

Soil profiles and

augerings

Soil Organic Carbon stock

TOTAL 15 REGIONS (out of 20)243.621 km2

total soil observations: around 140,000

Around 28,000 of soil profiles60,000 of analysed soil sites

13 soil profiles/100 km2

29 analysed sites/100 km2


SoilSoil OrganicOrganic CarbonCarbon (t/ha)(t/ha)

0-30cm SOC

Different methods used:soil map for mountain areas and geostatistics for plain areas (kriging with varying local means calibrated on SMUs )


INSPIRE INSPIRE DirectiveDirectiveThe reference grid has been built following the recommendations of the Eurogrid/INSPIRE Directive, that promotes the availability of harmonized geographic information and provides European standard reference grids and projection systems (ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection)

SIAS Project:1km2 cell resolution


EXCHANGE FORMATEXCHANGE FORMATTo collect pixel data and meta-information, an exchange format has been set up jointly by the working group.The format has four tables:• PX_TABLE (one record per pixel): contains data about soil organic carbon stock,

soil loss, pixel coverage and some quality information indexes (number of available observations, number of analyzed observations, scale of available soil maps and confidence levels for each indicator)

• META_LC, META_OC and META_SL: store meta-information (i.e. information on procedures and raw data used) on land cover, organic carbon stock and soil loss.

PX_TABLE PX_ID AREA_ID LC_ID OC_ID SL_ID NO_SOIL OUT_REG OUT_CTRY SS_CFL SS_AVLB SS_SCALE SS_NOBS SS_NPROF SS_NANA OC_CFL SL_CFL OC_H OC_30 OC_100 SL_POT SL_ACT

4384_2505 ITD3 1 1 1 2,13 0 0 L 3 250 0 0 0 L L 11,2 65,23 88,34 120,57 45,564384_2506 ITD3 1 1 1 0 0 0 L 3 250 1 1 1 L L 5,62 54,25 79,65 92,45 35,674384_2507 ITD3 1 1 1 0 0 0 L 3 250 0 0 1 L L 13,58 78,56 93,72 105,57 54,564390_2511 ITD3 1 1 1 7,54 0 28,98 L 3 250 2 0 0 L L 15,25 45,54 63,93 71,25 32,234394_2457 ITD3 1 2 1 0 33,19 0 L 2 250 0 0 0 L L 0 55,12 63,23 0,34 0,094471_2497 ITD3 1 2 1 2,56 0 0 M 3 050 5 1 1 M L 0 45,35 51,78 0,45 0,14471_2498 ITD3 1 2 1 0 0 0 M 3 050 3 0 0 M L 0 48,56 58,45 0,33 0,094471_2499 ITD3 1 2 1 11,15 0 0 M 3 050 0 0 0 M L 0 42,34 47 0,27 0,084471_2500 ITD3 1 2 1 0 0 0 L 3 250 1 1 2 L L 0 48,56 58,45 0,33 0,09

META_LC AREA_ID LC_ID LC_O LC_SC LC_Y LC_D ITD3 1 C 100 2000 Per il codice 333 "aree a vegetazione rada" è stato utilizzato un coefficiente di copertura di 0,3 sia per il calcolo del Carbonio Organico che per la st ima dell'erosioneITD5 1 R 025 2003 Carta dell'uso reale del suolo in scala 1:25.000. Codifica f ino al IV livello CORINE. Sono rappresentati poligoni di area >= 1 ha

META_OC AREA_ID OC_ID BD_O BD_M BD_PTF OC_M OC_ISO_D OC_YF OC_YL OC_SP OC_D ITD3 1 B 1 08 1 Utilizzo della regress ione ISO =

1,0288 * M.U. + 0,0763 ( R2 = 0.9763), ottenuto dalle prove di 8 lab. pubblici italiani x 4 campioni x 3 ripetizioni = 96 dati

1993 2007 A1 Metodo usato per le aree montane, dove ci sono pochi dati a disposizione; i valori % di C.O. usati per le STU sono i valori modali dei singoli orizzont i derivat i da quelli delle osservazioni con alto grado di ricollegamento all'UTS (profili tipici e rappresentat ivi); le densità apparenti utilizzate sono s timate con pedofunzioni tarate sui dat i regionali misurati, a partire dai dati di argilla, sabbia e C.O., modali dell'UTS

ITD3 2 B 1 08 1 Utilizzo della regress ione ISO = 1,0288 * M.U. + 0,0763 ( R2 = 0.9763), ottenuto dalle prove di 8 lab. pubblici italiani x 4 campioni x 3 ripetizioni = 96 dati

1993 2007 C3 Metodo usato per la pianura dove i dati consentono un appropriato uso della geostatistica; sono s tati usat i i valori % di C.O. delle singole osservazioni, e i dati di densità apparente, misurati, dove disponibili, o stimati con pedofunzioni (tarate sui dati regionali misurat i), a partire dai dati di argilla, sabbia e C.O.; la geostat ist ica è stata calibrata, nelle UC, sui valori modali di C.O. di gruppi funzionali di STU, gruppi creati sulla base di scheletro, tessitura superficiale, drenaggio, presenza di orizzonti mollici/organici

META_SL

AREA_ID SL_ID SL_O SL_CL_YF SL_CL_YL SL_CL_O SL_CL_SP SL_CL_D SL_S_O SL_S_SP SL_S_D SL_DEM

SL_TP_O SL_TP_D SL_COV_O SL_COV_D SL_PX_UP SL_D

ITD3 1 03 1992 2004 03 A3 Intensità dei dati di precipitazione: 5 minuti

02 A1 per i parametri sono stat i usati i valori modali dei singoli orizzont i dell'UTS (derivati dalle osservazioni con alto grado di ricollegamento: prof ili tipici e rappresentat ivi)

2 07 Lunghezza max del versante imposta a 450m

07 Valori di C presi da fonti diverse (Suri et al. 2002, ecc.), adattati a giudizio di esperto alla realtà locale

A2 Controllo dei risultati a giudizio d'esperto per assenza di dati sperimentali

SIAS database


OC_30OC_30

ORGANIC CARBON 0-30 cm - mean values

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

SICILIA CALABRIA MARCHE TOSCANA EMILIAROMAGNA

PIEMONTE LOMBARDIA VENETO TRENTO BOLZANO

t/ha

TotalMountainPlain

Soil organic carbon content from 0 to 30 cm (t/ha)


OC_30OC_30


OC_100OC_100

ORGANIC CARBON 0-100 cm - mean values

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

SICILIA CALABRIA MARCHE TOSCANA EMILIAROMAGNA


t/ha

TotalMountainPlain

Soil organic carbon content from 0 to 100 cm (t/ha)


OC_HOC_H

Soil organic carbon content (t/ha) of HUMUS LAYERS(surface organic layers never saturated with water, litter excluded)


SL_ACTSL_ACT –– ActualActual SoilSoil Loss (t/ha Loss (t/ha yearyear))

ACTUAL SOIL LOSS mean values

0

5

10

15

20

25

CALABRIA MARCHE TOSCANA EMILIAROMAGNA


t/ha

year

TotalMountainPlain

USLE universal soil loss equation

SL_ACT = R · K · L · S · CR: rainfall erosivityK: soil erodibilityL: slope lengthS: slopeC: cover


SOIL INFORMATION QUALITY SOIL INFORMATION QUALITY -- 11


SS_CFL CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF SOIL DESCRIPTION

CODE DESCRIPTION DATA AVAILABILITY MAP SCALE

Hhigh confidence levelthe local soil-landscape model is well known and, within the pixel, it has been

examined in the fieldsoil maps and point observations 1:50,000 or more detailed

M

moderate confidence level: -either the local soil-landscape model is well known in similar environments and

in the pixel it has been derived by means of similarity of soil forming factors (morphology, geology, etc.);

or the local soil-landscape model is moderately known and it has been examined in the field, within the pixel

soil maps and point observations 1:250,000 or more detailed

L

low confidence level:-either the local soil-landscape model is moderately known in similar

environments and in the pixel it has been derived by means of similarity of soil forming factors (morphology, geology, etc.);

-or the local soil-landscape model is poorly known and it has been examined in the field, within the pixel

soil maps or point observations 1:250,000 or more detailed

V

very low confidence level:the local soil-landscape model is poorly known in similar environments and in

the pixel it has been derived by means of similarity of soil forming factors (morphology, geology, etc.);

soil maps or point observations 1:1,000,000 or more detailed

N no information (no knowledge of soil-landscape model of the pixel) no data no data

W not applicable (e.g. 100% water or no_soil) not applicable not applicable

ConfidenceConfidence levellevel of of soilsoil descriptiondescription


Confidence level of OC indicatorConfidence level of OC indicatorOC_CFL with soil map

CODE DESCRIPTIONN. OF

ANALYZED SITES/100KM2

SOIL MAP SCALE SPATIALIZATION METHOD ORGANIC CARBON ANALYSIS DATA

H high confidence level >40 1:50,000

or more detailed

differentiation within soil map units according to main land uses and land management practices (at scale 1:50,000, or more detailed)and/or geostatistics within soil map units

Laboratory of analysis accredited according to EN ISO 17025andISO or National official method of analysis with regression to ISO method

M moderate confidence level >10 1:250,000

or more detailed

differentiation within soil map units according to main land uses (at scale 1:100,000, or more detailed)and/or geostatistics within soil map units

ISO or National official method of analysis

L low confidence level >2.5 1:250,000

or more detailed spatialization based on soil map units ISO or National official method of analysis

V very low confidence level >1.25 1:250,000

or more detailedexpert judgementspatialization based on soil map units/polygon ISO or National official method of analysis

N no adequate information

no adequate information

no adequate information no adequate information no adequate information

Wnot applicable (e.g. 100% water or no_soil)

not applicable not applicable not applicable not applicable


Strength points

• exploit the most accurate, detailed and up-to-date soil data, worked out directly by institutions and experts involved in soil survey at local level

• implementation of the Multi-Scale European Soil Information System (MEUSIS)

• setting up a partner network, able to update soil related information and to assess soil indicators, required both at national and European level

Weakness points

• different situations of regional soil services in term of institutions involved, data availability and expertise (difficulties in enrolling in the project, different timing)

• different methods used: comparability of results (often a good chance to check estimates at borders)

ProsPros and and ConsCons


CONCLUSIONS SIASCONCLUSIONS SIAS

Organic Carbon• Correlation difficulties due to soil bulk density assessment (PTFs used): percentage values would help comparability of results

a semi-automated system to calculate OC has been set up, that uses Hollis PTFs for soil bulk density• Few regions have analytical data on organic carbon of humus layers• Data concentrated in the plain agricultural areas, few in mountains

Soil Loss• Differences in evaluation of some USLE factors, specially rainfall and cover• Some regions have used qualitative models (CORINE erosion) that evaluate soil loss in classes, difficult to be transformed in values (t/ha)


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