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![Page 1: A measure for the creative economy Andy C Pratt Culture, Media and Creative Industries Andy.pratt@kcl.ac.uk .](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514a36f550346d36e8b5b08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A measure for the creative economy
Andy C PrattCulture, Media and Creative Industries
[email protected]://web.me.com/andycpratt/andy_c_pratt/
Welcome.htm
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• Policy making based upon transparency• Critical in policy process, terms of evaluation
considered at the start.• Possibility of learning• Key is identification of processes, not indicators
– Understand what is happening
Evidence Based Policy
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Which term: Culture industry Cultural industries Creative industries Creative and cultural industries Creative economy
Is it: For profit/ not Public subsidy/not Art/culture / not Formal/ informal
What’s in a name?
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• In the past– Data was collected for advocacy purposes
– It was not used for evaluation
• What we need– Core concepts and theories
– Information (quantitative and qualitative)
– Comparative information
– Policy development
Data for the creative economy
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What we don’t know In the dark
Invisible We don’t know how much of what We don’t know what causes what
What we do know Data on the sector – external analysis (usually collected for other
purposes) Data of the sector – internal needs Data for governance of the sector (collected for purpose)
Why we don’t know Concepts and definitions
Unstable, or inappropriate Rapidity of change It’s new It’s in the informal economy How it’s organised
Creative economy data: characteristics
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• Descriptive models of relationship of creative economy to the rest– Or
• Value chain – maximising value
• Production chain – organisation of cultural production– Or,
• No concept, but various indicators
Concepts
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The creative economy production cycle
Particular characteristics need attention
The production chain Inter-relationship of production processes (vertically and horizontally)
Scale(s) of operation
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• Definitions– Concept driven– Search for data to describe the process– Necessarily, absences and presences– Some data does not exist– Definitions can be refined, or locally
specific• But concept is stable
Definitions
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• Employment– Occupation
– Industry
– Location
• Time Use• Spending/ Consumption• Trade
What to measure?
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E.g. Employment Which industries (use of SIC codes) Which occupations (use of SOC codes)
Trade Which classifications (product classification CPC, EBOPS)
Fix other parameters (firm sizes, turnover etc.)
Spatial units Time periods
Operationalise the concept
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References
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Cultural Trade
• Ideal• Material/Goods
– By weight and value– Traditional goods
• Services• Immaterial
– Value?– Royalties?
• Pragmatism– Disaggregation of
classification– Missing
• New goods• Non discernable
– Missing
– Value to whom?– Disaggregate– Still invisible– Reliability
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Cultural goods: a pragmatic solution used by UNCTAD
Organization of production
Organization of
Original Mass Distribution Exclusive 1 2 7a
Use of Materials Dual 3 4 7b Multi 5 6 8
1 - A fine art painting2 - A newspaper or book3 - Designer furniture4 - Designed furniture (high design content, mass produced)5 - Industrial design6 - Mass production of most other products7a/7b - Distribution of cultural products (distinction not possible 7a-7b
with current industrial taxonomies)8 - Distribution of all other products
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Understanding processes, and organisation Different business models/ objectives
Resources (new collection, survey instruments, analytic skills, interpretive)
Legitimacy (no estimates, public data)
Comparative data/ benchmarking Observatories/ Laboratories
Next steps?
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Role of intelligent agents Knowledge brokers Information dissemination Cultural practice mentors Management / organisational skills Strategic development Third sector (beyond ‘Silo’ mentality) Governance, not simply regulation nor policy
objectives
Possibilities: for policy making and governance
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Creative economy audits are simply a start They must be more differentiated
They must be adaptable to change
They must to comparable
We need to examine process, and context
The future may not be like the past Business models
Policy based on ‘how it is’, not ‘how it should be’, nor ‘is supposed to be’.
Governance actually about governing (and transforming/ developing)
Beyond the creative economy audit
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Resources for institution building Collection/Distribution of royalties
Development of audiences/markets Alliances between Northern markets and South
‘Correspondences’ between (regional) government agencies in measurement Data for different purposes : not ONE definition
Capacity building