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TITLE DE”IuNATION REACTION ZONE STUDIES (’JN TATB EXPLOSIVES

A(JTH(XI(S) ki. L. SeitzH. 1. StacyJerry Wackerle V

. ..’ ..

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SIJCL41T1ED10 The Eighth Symposium (International) on Dctmdon

DISCLAIMER

llk rwprt wu prsprd u m mccwrrtd work qnnrtoml by wr spcy of tk United SlmaCkvornmwnt.NoithlkUnltdW~la~mmnlwanympwytkd,wan)dlklrem- mmh my wmr~lYmoRP m imd~- ~ ~u~ ●nY W ll~bilily ~ n~A-blllly fof Ihc nammcy, COMPMH, or uodulrrm d my Irrfomrdknhqqmrdus, pmdwt, w~ dlAmccl, or rcpwmNmthd its WI would nd lnfrin~ pdvwdy uwrrcdrinhtn,Mer-CIICOharwirr10●y wsifk cmmtiml pmdIIcLmm w mw~ b lr~ n~~g fr*fil~*lmmwhdurwr, w dhorwk - nd nmamrlly CWIIUNC w Imply III erdrmwncrrl, rwbnm.

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DE’IK)NAI’1ONRRAC’I’l[)N ZONK S’t’lJl)ltU3 ON TA’1’11I;X1’M)SIVIIW

W. L. Selt>., Il. l,. Stnny, mIIl Jerry WflakcrleIIOE! A1.cImon NnLlnn~l I,nhoratory

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w I LII PMMA w Itult}wn. .Iuil , “ f’ IFW! I’IIX I)II[);l(II ) nml 1 .H dt:m 1 nunI*rl’1 IIV ‘1’A’I’11(1) w I Lh 1,1IF

w. L. scltz, et al (a-loEl)

‘rAnLlt 1Initial rlcnelty and cnnnt,flnta ror LIN2 cmplrical rlt, V - iLC-bt - ct + d, ror tllc CX-

plonlve conrlguratlona wlttl PF4MAwlndown. ,

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u) I ‘h 1

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J

Flfq. 7. lmpcdnnct?-mnLcl) nolutlotm rorJ.IIL(.rracc vcLocltles.

dl’vl?lupf:(l Iln I 11~ t}l(? II(IM Cqu:lkl.ull ornLIttr [lJ], wlIl cl] nr :IIIIIIOrr the II IIrnnct, nIl

~xplnflivv 111111 pro~luctri nL,ntc I?lluilt lonlltll!ncrl 11{.(1 l~:lpLlor, I (If?:ll ml XIIIK () rnpf?cI rl{: VCJ]Ilmf!iltlll llltl”l’llill l!ll(!l,~y 01”Lt)[* I,WU colln LLtlll?llt:l , rlII(l Ll];lt LII(! I,wopllfllll!u :lro 111 I]rcn[iuru :111[1 I, f?lll]l(:l’:ltllllc1?11111I I.hrl.llnl. #r! 11111:(1 hoLII N Nf!wLoII ‘nll,f:f~:ll,l.~~fl ill~f!l’ll,lwn I IJI I illltl II i!lwnlllltol’nIIIIr~)IIklIIO II(:vI :1(1(1 I)y Ullnrlon l~[Jri!JIL I’orLIIt* Illlllll?l’l(:fll (,:IIcII L:ILIoIII1.

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fl rrlll!t,ll)ll I’f!:l(!l.l!(l. l)..

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Il!llll llllt; lt)llll. !:lrrwlluLl{]llw WILII l.llltll,~(!l)llrll,:llll:ll 111111l!rltio!l :1 ;) 1-111’:1 I.llpllt, Illlllck1111[11111111.oxlllllll,? sly n 1+111111,1111{Illll,llll(:l! 1,()

dctormtton, which in collflletent withthnt ohscrvctl ror 1.fl-g/c,n3 TATR [6].‘1’tm detonation Iflcldent on the winrtowwan thufl rully lnLtLated andnel r-supporting ror al,l tl~lcknesses or‘rA’l’11.

me nilmcr~cnl n Lmul:.Llolwr {. rlnterl%ce velocltlcrr were pcrrormcd I’or13- nnll 2~-mm thlckrmlluf:fl Or ‘l’A’l’Ii, I’orboth PMMA nn(l I,LI? w lllllt~wn. The rcnllltnarc compared wltll [Int:l nnd Line omp.lrtcfi Lrtttlng runcblons .ln Fig. fl. The llllmnr-lcnl cnlculnLlonFr Iwlrlnctu{i Lhe nlllmlnlwurOLL, and tll(? plotl; f:ll vnlllf~rr arm I’rum

the rlrnt J?l)mplitnt I 0!1:11 CI?lL Ill Lll(?w~n{h~wn. llci~ctl.on Illrrtorlcfr calcIIlnLntlin hhe lfIHt neLl, nr Lhc f!xI)Loslvc :lr’i?shown flfl dnnllcd LLncn in Plht. 8, nll:lnerve I]ett!:r Ln lrtmlltll.y tllr ciLlclllnLf:llrenctLorl ZOIW- {Iurntl.nrln. A~recmcnt nlcomplltcd ,nlld f>l!rrnrvf!(l pnrLlclovclncLtlcH !lur.111~ Llllrr rvni:klon time In~n:mrally I\(MIIl; illrrrr~~l’l?l!mnllt nt lnLcr*tlmn could hc LIIC rnflu I.t f)r nur r~ll I 11110to Ilrnpcrly r’r])rcuulll; LlI17 ~11’tver oyllL[*m

or Lhc pro~luctll t!quntl.nu Or rrtntf’, orlIOLII. S onw! I;f:u ti (::1 Lclllnl; lolln f:llowl!:l

tlmk tllc vclf)clty lIlnLorl.cn wcro ,I{Ih 17x-t rcmnly UCIIII [t lvc to I,l)c clInl cc Or rrltocolintnrltH; howcvor, I:ulr:lllmt. loll:l W1Lll z,,mulklplicfl nr IJIvIIII!(I II,V “3/? WPI’I-! IlldLncurlllhLy IMMJ[’CI- ilt~r~~t?mctl~ LI]uI1 Llloooolluwrl.

I)[W;II:;S1ON

‘J’lw? IWIIIOI III. LIIII 01. our I+:ll)r’y-l’r’rok

J :lfl I!l’ V(! 10(! l.lIIf?t I!I’ JIIIIIC!:l I.11 L,) I)I? :IIII!IIIIIll, I!Lo rw!flol. vf! LIIr rnlnt, lvi! Iy wt. Ilf: I’I::II:LIII IIY.OIIr! lrl TA’I’11-I):lIII!II I!xlll.l)nlvf!:l. An W:IJI1!, )11(: 111(16?(1 I II II prl, v 101111 Iltll(ly 011 0111! or

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Lllr’oll~ll LIII: I. I*: IcI; t I}rl Y.III II! II. ‘1’llln v Il?win 111 KIIOII 111:”’f!l~ml~llt Ifl lll!:lrly I!vf*l’yI::IIIC w I tll I,llo Illllll!llll ll(:l!-ln:ll, (!ll II(II Ill. I 1)1111

I’or LIII! VN nl~lkt! II L: ILO; WII1! rl~ :lKI’I!!!IIIPIILI n IMIL :1:1 KIIIIII, LhIS 111111ISPI: I:1 IIIH {Jr l.hf?I!XIIILIIII: llll~ollll)l, fl:ll,il w 1 I 1 Illlml.k t{) nll-,11111LIIK’IIL .

‘l’lIf! l~xllr!l,l llll.111,11 I pf.llrlII*III’(II”LIIt*

II I! VI*II I! XI) II IJIIVI!:I 111’f~ 1“:11.llvr nlml.lnr lfI1!:1:11”:1(:1,1!1”, l’~!rII!I: LIIIK1,111! I’:ICL tllll L 1.111!I llLl*rrn{!l! VI* I 1){!Ll,y Illl!ll:l lll.lillll!lll.:1 111”1!11111.IllKtlly !1(!1111I L I Vf! 1.() Inlltlc-llt. I! II: II II:I’11 tllI“(?:l{!t, 1o11 rlll,f!n . ‘I’ll I II W: Ill 11I !111 Ilril,f!li I II

1.1111 11111111*1’I 1!11 I rllilllll;ll,lf)rlll. :: IIIIL 11! ,

Iiflk!lf)wn III I’I” I* ITII I! I!II III f’l SJll!t. 1.[)11 r’lll, (!

III II KIIItlllll~n 111111 f.l)l,m , ~ql*flf~lW i i ,V :I:l:lol!l -

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‘f

W. L. Salts, ●t al (G-108)

TAIII,E 3Rxploalve Cormtalitn and Inteifaoe VclnoltLcn

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mrnct I ml rnto h lntor h~n nrc n Ino nlmwn rOi’ fmuh cr. rm wI W n durrlmd f:urvu.

8

.

.

W. L. Seitz, et al (Q-108)

(the one TATB-baaed explosive ror whichwe have a reaction rate calibration).The prevloue correlation wan umed with-out modlrioatlon, deepite belnu cali-brated at presauree lesn than half thoneencountered with the de%onatlon Incidenton a LIF window. In rlttlng the lndl-vldual velocity hlatorlea at dlf’rerentrun dlr3tancee numerical calculntloneBucceedetl In emulating the non-eteacly:character of’ the detonation.

In part, the eucceeerul emulationactually may reeult from the propertlemor the DAOMARrorm. In particular, thinrate correlation comblnea multiplicativeractore In depletion, shock strength,and current etate. Such a rorm hne beenrepeatedly demonstrated to be erl%ctiveIn r31mulRtl~g a variety Or shockInitiation problcme, and Ie beglnninu tobe oharacterlatlc of’ more phyelcally-based rate forme, euch an Krakatoa [18]and the explicit hutapot model ofJohnson, Tang, and Forest [14].

In elmulatlng detonation collidingwith Inert wlndow~, DA(lMAR ante the p~ractor with the nearly conetant VN spikepreaaure bel%re the colllalon, ~nd thuedlf’rera rrom a olmplt?-depletlon rateonly in the modlftcatlon due to tht?temperature dependence. With our IIC)Mrepreeentntlon for 1.8-g/cm3 TAT13, the2050 K VN aplke temperature Increaneaabout. 12% throuf;h a cletonatlon reactionzone, Increasea 15Z with the shockrerlected rrom a I,IF window, and

dncreaaefl 10Z with the rarefactlon rrom

PMMA. Thcae condltione lead to llttlcril.frerencc In the nha~m Or the ratehlntoriea ror PMMA and l,LF windows aecnIn Fig. 8, with the higher Inittnl rntcvnluo rrom the hlghcr Impedance-rnntchtcmperaturt? ror the lJtF windows bclngthe mont prom~rmnt renture. The reac-tlofi rate hlntories ror each Or the cal-

culated caaen have about the rinme 150-IIadurnt ion. Wlttl the lmpedancs-mat.chmr)lutlonfi lndtcattng n 37-(lPa lnltinlprcneure ror the lJiF window llrld n 22-flPalrlltlal preeoure ror the PMMA window,onc would not expect to obtain so smalln fllrr’crencc Ln ratea ;lnd in acalcdIntnrracn vnloclty hlntorlce wl.th n rnteform fltrongly dependent on ourrcntpreot3ure.

The DAfiMAR nnr.1 IIOM rcpreeentntLorirrnlno have propcrtlra l~rdlng to rlumnrl.-cnl nlmulatlono without :L difltlnut C,Jpolllt in thu vmlnelty pl’OrLh nnd nnlnf!rnanlng l.rlt~!l’r:m vcloalty w.lth ruIl(11.ntnncn, mm nre connlmtently obnr?rvcd.Ilnxll nnd I)avlfl have rondo a (Ictnllnd

thnnrotlcnl n tudy unnt(!mly,unrltyrdt-lvcti dctormtt.on [~~J. They uoll-aldored an nxplonivo which lri drlvmn hy

a two-ntep heat-relemee rate. About 90~or the energy relenme In rast; theremainder Ie E1OW. Their analyeio ehowothat the release or the last 10S or theenergy la what controln the tranaientmthat precede the eetablinliment o!’ eteadydetonation. The phymlcal baela ror

their results can be tre.ced to a simpleproperty or ZND detonation; the tanE$encYor the ,layleigh line find totally reactedllugonlot curve. Becfiuac or the tangencycondltlon, the rlnal 10% or the enerKfreleaae controls about 50$ Or the

prefmure prOrlle ~n the reaction Bone.ln add~tlo~, the rlow la aonlc Rt thepoint Or tnngency. As n connequencr?,the enel”gy relenaed nnar the end or thereaction zone la transported towarda thenhock very slowly. The reuult la anunsteady detonfltlon wave ror run dta-tnrlcea Or many tens Or rcfictlcn zonethlckl)emnea, with a building up or thuvelocity hlstorlen much aa we observeRnd eimulnte numerical.ly. In our cqne,the DAoMAR rlrat-order depletion rilc:ornpproachea run renctlon asymptotlcnl.1.y.In dctonattng 1.3-g/cm3 1’A’J’11, IIOM lndt-catea that ovefi 80Z or the reactLorloccurs In leao tl)an 50% Or the atntechnnge rrom the VN to tho CJ a~ate,char~cterlatlc or moat aolld exploatvcn.Otir numeljlcal simulntlon Or unntefldy

detona:iona in thus n rmtural collaO-quencc st” the propcrtlr?a or our rate aude,{untl.On-nr-9tate rorm and thm gencrnlcllarmcterlaticH or an almoot ZNII dctonn-tlorl.

The vclncity prorllnfl ohrrcrved Lnthe other aix cxploflt.vcfr nrc nl.1 nlml.1.nrto thl)flc ror 1.11-g/c;n3 flupnr’rlne ‘l’A’l’l\.‘1’hrry could probnbly bc ulmulatcd wltll mrate rorm hnvlnR n pcnk vnlue nr a rcwtcnn Or reclpro:nl mlcroflccorlda, arirnt-ortlcr dcl)lctlon rnctor, am] veryIILLLC other (h!pcll(lr?llcrr u n curr”cllt

fltatc. ‘po t:xbcrl[l tllc rvlte to treatln~.lnltiatton pl”oblmma tllc r’ntc rrholl ldhllvo , like l)AtlMAll, more current-atatodepondcllco ua preanureo nrc rcduccd.

ACKNOWLttDUliMiiN’1’S

UC Rrc.ltly npprcclntc the tcchnlcnlnrlnl.ntn~lce o r l’. J. Illibnrrl, (). l).Ilarkleroad, ~rld S. l?. Snln%nr. Wo nlnf]Lhnrlk J. Il. lhixi~ nnd [;. A. Porcot rorvnlunble dlncunnlunrr.

1. Runfif?ll K. nurr ml Ihlwlrl Ilr)unkon,

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10