A LLIANCES D ISSOLVE W HAT DISAGREEMENTS OR CONFLICTS DID THE A LLIES HAVE WITH ONE ANOTHER ? What does each poster depict? What is the main message of each poster? Do you think these posters accurately depict the relations among the Allies? In what ways did the Allies work together in World War II? What disagreements or conflicts did the Allies have with one another? Summarize the conflict in the video segment. Why did the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unravel? How did President Truman and future US presidents respond to Soviet domination of Eastern Europe? What events brought an end the Cold War? Questions to answer as you learn more about the Cold War W HAT WAS THE C OLD W AR ? Write your definitions:Illustrations T HE C OLD W AR E CONOMIES US USSR Rival Nations read Despite their alliance during World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union had little in common. The United States Goal Govt Economy - The Soviet Union Goal Govt Economy - Y ALTA F EBRUARY 1945 Although many of the details were left undecided (and as a result became cause for tension between the former allies), the Big Three, as they were come to be known, agreed to the following: The Soviet Union wanted to keep control of Eastern European countries (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria buffer against invasion US/UK wanted free elections in Eastern Europe hoped for democracy The Soviet Union agreed to hold free elections and set up democracies in Eastern Europe Germany Allies agreed to break up Germanys military, punish war criminals, help people, split country into 4 zones President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Secretary General Joseph Stalin, met at the Black Sea resort city of Yalta to make plans both for the defeat of Germany and world order after WWII. Last meeting of the Potsdam Conference in Potsdam, Germany. Source: Truman Presidential Library, National Archives,m.htmm.htm Potsdam In April 1945, the Allied Powers met once again in Germany. After Yalta, the Soviets had consolidated their control over Eastern Europe and had not lived up to their promises of free elections in Eastern Europe. Plus, they had invaded new countries. At Potsdam, the Allies agreed to the following: An Allied Control Commission to run Germany until a final decision could be reached on the nature and powers of a new German government. Germany would be demilitarized until a final decision could be made about a German government, divided into four occupation zones, each run by one of the Allied powers and France (the French were given a zone carved out of the British and US sections). The capital, Berlin, was also divided between the four powers. _____________________________ When the Big Three met at Yalta in February 1945, Stalin agreed to allow free elections in Eastern Europe, yet free elections were not held. When the Big Three met again at Potsdam in the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain pressed Stalin to confirm his commitment to free elections; Stalin refused. T HE I RON C URTAIN A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive tendencies It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position of Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, March 5, 1946 The nations of Eastern Europe and the eastern part of Germany became ______________of the Soviet Union, separated from the free world by an ______________________. Cold War Europe, 1949 E UROPE D IVIDED Europe had been divided The USSR formed their own alliance Europe divided: Capitalist and Communist satellite state country that is technically ????? but is controlled by another country domino theory countries will spread ????? to their neighbors; they will fall one at a time like dominos containment contain ????? where it already is dont let it ????? to anyplace new Truman Doctrine US would send ????? ($$) to countries to stop the spread of communism would support noncommunist govts, spread ????? EX gave $400 million to rebels fighting communists in Greece and Turkey Marshall Plan example of ????? - help European countries rebuild after WWII gave $13 ?????; wanted to encourage countries to be democratic, follow ????? not ????? North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance between US and non-????? countries in Europe Warsaw Pact alliance between ????? and communist countries in Europe Warsaw Pact Terms and People T HE M ARSHALL P LAN, 1947 A map showing how the plans $20B was distributed by country Photo shows a delivery of wheat from the U.S. being unloaded in Rotterdam, Netherlands Record your first hypothesis: Who/what was primarily responsible for the Cold War - the United States or the Soviet Union? Record your second hypothesis: Who/what was primarily responsible for the Cold War - the United States or the Soviet Union? T HE B EGINNINGS OF THE C OLD W AR & C ONTAINMENT Fill in The Cold War Begins: Comparison Chart Read sections and and then watch 2 Video Segments, take notes and report to class: H OW DOES THE U NITED S TATES RESPOND ? & Write the headline for a newspaper article in 1951 that announces the Marshall Plan. Write two short headlines for the Berlin Airliftone from the U.S. point of view and the other from the Soviet point of view. VIDEO SEGMENT T HE B ERLIN C RISIS, 1948T HE B ERLIN C RISIS, 1948 How did the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union change from 1942 to 1948? Why do you think these changes occurred? Watch the Communism BrainPop and write 5 sentences about your beliefs as a citizen in the USSR. Watch the Cold War BrainPop and use that information to answer who/what caused the Cold War Guiding Questions Iron Curtain Speech 1. Sourcing: Who was Winston Churchill? Why would Americans trust what he has to say about the Soviet Union? 2. Close reading: What does Churchill claim that the Soviet Union wanted? Truman Doctrine 1. Close reading: Why did Truman believe Greece needed American aid in 1947? 2. Context: What does Truman mean when he claims, Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching to the West as well as to the East? 3. Close reading: Does Truman present American policy as offensive or defensive? What words or phrases does Truman use to present policy this way? TIMELINE MAP -The Cold War Begins How did the Cold War affect the world from 1945 to 1960? Your mission is to study the events that took place during the first 15 years of the Cold War and examine how these events affected the world during this time. T HE C RISIS IN B ERLIN T HE B ERLIN A IRLIFT Read The Korean War and Outcome sections 10 Take notes and explain these two images. The Nuclear Threat and the Space Race readings How do you think this rivalry affected life in the United States? What were the positive consequences? What were the negative consequences? N IKITA K HRUSHCHEV Josef Stalin died in 1953 after almost 30 years in power as ruler of the USSR. Khrushchev sought to de- Stalinize the Soviet Union. He openly stated the atrocities that Stalin had committed and had numerous monuments to Stalin destroyed. However, Khrushchev was still a communist and sought to lead his country to victory in the Cold War. Khrushchev wanted to move the USSR away from Stalins brutality CUBA US relations and The Bay of Pigs = 9.3.3 Cuban Missile Crisis C UBA In 1959 under a revolution led by Bay of Pigs M ISSILE S ITES A U-2 spy plane identified the missile sites The Berlin Wall 9.3.6 B ERLIN W ALL In 1961 The US was prepared to defend W. Berlins freedom but did not destroy the barrier. Why not? How long did the wall last? The Vietnam War The end of Cold War RESEARCH TOPICS Berlin Airlift, Korean War, CIA operations, Cold War Spies, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, NATO and Warsaw Pact, Sputnik, Arms Race, Reagans foreign policy, Gorbachevs policies, Germany re-united. Cold War websites: ndex.php