A list of highly inﬂuential biomedical researchers, 2011 · We have generated a list of highly...

A list of highly influential biomedical researchers,1996–2011Kevin W. Boyack*, Richard Klavans†, Aaron A. Sorensen‡ and John P.A. Ioannidis§

*SciTech Strategies Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA, †SciTech Strategies Inc., Berwyn, PA 19312, USA, ‡TempleUniversity School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA, §Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305,USA

ABSTRACTWe have generated a list of highly influential biomedical researchers based on Scopus citation data from theperiod 1996-2011. Of the 15,153,100 author identifiers in Scopus, approximately 1% (n=149,655) have an h-index >=20. Of those, we selected 532 authors who belonged to the 400 with highest total citation count(>=25,142 citations) and/or the 400 with highest h-index (>=76). Of those, we selected the top-400 living corebiomedical researchers based on a normalized score combining total citations and h-index. Another 62 authorswhose focus is outside biomedicine had a normalized score that was at least as high as the score of the 400thcore biomedical researcher. We provide information on the profile of these most influential authors, includingthe most common Medical Subject Heading terms in their articles that are also specific to their work, mostcommon journals where they publish, number of papers with over 100 citations that they have published asfirst/single, last, or middle authors, and impact score adjusted for authorship positions, given that crude citationindices and authorship positions are almost totally orthogonal. We also show for each researcher the distributionof their papers across 4 main levels (basic-to-applied) of research. We discuss technical issues, limitations andcaveats, comparisons against other lists of highly-cited researchers, and potential uses of this resource.

Keywords Bibliometrics, biomedical researchers, citation counts, h-index, scientific impact, scientometrics.

Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43 (12): 1339–1365

Introduction

The world of modern science has become increasingly com-

petitive in recent years. Literature-based metrics are playing a

greater role in decision-making than in the past [1]. Many

researchers are highly aware of their so-called status, and check

diverse metrics related to the impact of their work on a regular

basis. The differing dimensions of impact and reasons for citing

are receiving renewed discussion and analysis [2–6]. Although

citation counts and related metrics (e.g. journal impact factor,

h-index for individual researchers) are typically considered as

proxy for impact [7], the nature of that impact is rarely, if ever,

specified.

It is within this context of creating a better understanding of

impact(s) that we have created a list of highly influential bio-

medical researchers. Ranking of scientists is explicitly not the

main purpose of this list. Rather, we wanted to identify a pool

of researchers who have had sustained success in highly

influential work and who would thus presumably have sub-

stantial insight into differing features that could be associated

with high impact. This list is being used in an ongoing survey

where highly cited researchers are asked about the features of

their most-cited articles. However, the list may be of use for

many other purposes, as we discuss below.

Method and construction of database

We created a list of 400 highly influential biomedical scientists

using an XML copy of the entire Scopus database obtained

from Elsevier in June 2012. Scopus data contain author identi-

fiers for each individual researcher (http://www.info.sciverse.

com/scopus/scopus-in-detail/tools/authoridentifier). We

used these Scopus author identifiers rather than attempting

to solve the author identity or disambiguation problem [8]

independently. Scopus author identifiers do suffer to some

extent from the two main problems associated with the author

identity problem – polysemy (multiple authors merged in a

single identifier) and synonymy (multiple identifiers for a sin-

gle author). Based on our experience, as many as 10% of prolific

authors have more than one Scopus author identifier (unpub-

lished observation). However, in the majority of these cases, the

papers are split between one very large profile that is weighted

European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1339

DOI: 10.1111/eci.12171

PERSPECTIVE

towards older publications and one that is much smaller con-

taining a few newer publications. Thus, few cases of synonymy

have a large or deleterious effect on metrics. Polysemy occurs

far less often, but is much more problematic from a metrics

point of view because the works of multiple authors are

counted together. Polysemy is most often associated with

common names. Many of the cases are easy to identify due to

an unnaturally large number of papers associated with an

author identifier.

The method we used to identify highly influential research-

ers assumes that the Scopus author identifiers have been cor-

rectly assigned to individual papers, and that each Scopus

author profile contains only papers authored by that researcher.

The method used was as follows. For each of the 15 153 100

Scopus author identifiers:

1 The number of articles published between 1996–2011, along

with all citations to those articles as of the end of 2011, was

counted.

2 These articles and citations to them were used to calculate an

h-index [9] as of the end of 2011.

3 Using a local copy of the PubMed database covering the

same time period, and for which we had previously linked

Scopus records with PubMed records [10], we determined

the fraction of publications from (1) that also appear in

PubMed.

Of the over 15 million author identifiers, 149 655 (corre-

sponding to 1% of the total) had an h-index of at least 20. These

authors were ranked by total citation counts and by h-index.

The number of authors with an h-index of at least 30, 40, 50, 60,

70 and 80, was 45 752; 15 385; 5185; 1773; 717, and 281,

respectively. We focused on those authors who were ranked in

the top 400 by either h-index or by total citation count, that is,

those that had either h-index of at least 76 or total citation count

of at least 25 142. This resulted in a list of 532 authors. 268

authors were ranked in the top 400 using both metrics, while

264 were ranked in the top 400 using one metric or the other.

Sorting of the 532 researchers was accomplished by first

normalizing their total citation counts and h-index values to the

top such values (100 939 citations for Shizuo Akira; h-index of

156 for Walter Willett), and then averaging these two normal-

ized values. There are many ways of measuring impact. Rather

than choosing a single value upon which to sort, we chose to

include both total citation counts and h-index in our process.

There are obviously highly influential researchers across all

scientific fields. We chose to generate a focused list of 400

researchers who publish primarily in biomedicine. Upon

inspection,we found that all highly cited researcherswith at least

80% of their publications linked to PubMed could be clearly

classified as core biomedical researchers. In addition, for those

with PubMed linked fractions between 60–80%, roughly half

could be considered as core biomedical researcherswhile the rest

have a focus outside biomedicine. The proportion of PubMed

linkage of the articles of these authorswas apparently lower than

the true values, because of potential inaccuracies in the linkage

process or uneven coverage in one source or the other. For these

cases, biomedical researchers were definitively separated from

nonbiomedical researchers by inspection of Medical Subject

Heading (MeSH) terms associated with their work and the jour-

nals inwhich theymainly publish. Thosewith PubMed fractions

below 60% were clearly nonbiomedical researchers.

The disposition of the 532 authors was as follows. The top

407 core biomedical researchers (seven deceased, 400 living)

form our list of highly influential biomedical researchers. These

are listed in Table 1 along with numbers of articles, total cita-

tion counts, h-index and the normalized score. Institutions in

Table 1 are best estimates of the authors’ primary affiliations,

but may not be completely accurate due to mobility or joint

appointments. Table 2 lists the 62 nonbiomedical researchers

whose normalized score is higher than the lowest normalized

score of the researchers listed in Table 1. These authors would

have appeared on the list if we were making no distinction

between biomedical and nonbiomedical subject areas.

The remaining 63 authors are not included in either list for

the following reasons: 12 were removed from the list because

the numbers of articles associated with those author names,

combined with them having common names, made us suspi-

cious that these were cases of polysemy; seven had fewer than

three papers cited at least 100 times for which they were first,

single or last authors, likely indicating that others were prin-

cipal investigators on the vast majority of the work associated

with their publications; and 44 had normalized scores less than

those of the biomedical authors in Table 1.

Tables 1 and 2 also list the dominant specialty journal

(excluding the multidisciplinary journals Science, Nature, PNAS

and PLoS One) for the articles of each highly cited scientist. This

information may offer insight for the main field(s) where each

scientist is working. To offer some further information, we have

also selected differentiating MeSH terms from their publica-

tions. To do this, we first remove a list of the most common

terms (e.g. human, male, female, etc.), check terms and geo-

graphical terms; after this step, the top remaining terms for

each scientists may still be too generic (a common issue with

any thesaurus); therefore, we use the following formula to rank

MeSH terms: log(1 + n/nptot)*n/nkwd where n = #times the

MeSH term occurs (for an author), nptot=number of papers by

the author, nkwd = #times the MeSH term occurs across all of

PubMed. The formula thus rewards a MeSH term that is

dominant for the author, but penalizes that term if it is com-

mon. To avoid selecting MeSH terms that are highly specific to

the author but represent only a tiny proportion of his/her

1340 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com

Table

1Highly

influentialbiomedicalrese

archers

(Sco

pus1996–2

011)

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Abeca

sis,

Gonc �a

loR.

UniversityofMichigan

Nature

Genetics

184

26910

69

0�35

47

12

39

0�11

6

Aebersold,Ruedi

ETH

Zurich

Molecu

larandCellular

Proteomics

443

40713

92

0�49

72

49

37

0�28

8

Aggarw

al,BharatB.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

433

27004

93

0�43

216

61

10

0�38

2

Akira,Shizuo

Osa

kaUniversity

JournalofIm

munology

915

100939

153

0�99

015

92

119

0�46

9

Alitalo,Kari

UniversityofHelsinki

Blood

358

34461

104

0�50

42

51

53

0�25

2

Allis,C.David

Rock

efellerUniversity

Cell

221

39449

98

0�51

01

46

49

0�24

9

Alnemri,EmadS.

ThomasJefferson

University

JournalofBiologicalChemistry

137

24523

77

0�36

82

22

36

0�14

7

Alt,Frederick

W.

Harvard

University

JournalofExperimentalMedicine

276

23173

91

0�40

60

44

40

0�21

3

Altman,DouglasG.

UniversityofOxford

British

MedicalJournal

474

33049

86

0�43

911

31

33

0�24

6

Altsh

uler,David

Harvard

University

Nature

Genetics

204

35366

84

0�44

45

21

51

0�15

0

Amann,Rudolf

MaxPlanck

Institute

for

MarineMicrobiology

AppliedandEnvironmental

Microbiology

240

19173

78

0�34

55

30

28

0�19

2

Anderson,David

J.

Abbott

Laboratories

Neuron

332

21743

78

0�35

83

36

26

0�21

5

Anderson,Kenneth

C.

Harvard

University

Blood

773

37405

96

0�49

30

69

24

0�36

6

Antm

an,ElliottM.

Harvard

University

Circu

lation

416

46810

103

0�56

216

981

0�13

3

Appelbaum,Frederick

R.

UniversityofWash

ington

Blood

368

22428

79

0�36

43

15

40

0�11

3

Aravind,L.

USNIH

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

263

30970

84

0�42

325

14

29

0�24

2

Auwerx,Johan

Eco

lePolytech

nique

Federale

deLausa

nne


292

25278

83

0�39

15

40

28

0�24

1

Bake

r,David

MarquetteUniversity

JournalofMolecu

larBiology

392

23191

83

0�38

14

44

16

0�28

6

Banch

ereau,

Jacq

ues

BaylorInstitute

for

ImmunologyRese

arch

JournalofExperimental

Medicine

261

32867

82

0�42

68

22

37

0�19

1

Barnes,

PeterJ.

ImperialCollegeLondon

America

nJournalof

Resp

iratory

andCritica

l

Care

Medicine

829

52532

115

0�62

939

60

40

0�44

8

Barrett-Connor,

Elizabeth

UniversityofCalifornia

at

SanDiego

JournalofClinical

EndocrinologyandMetabolism

507

29924

79

0�40

113

14

32

0�18

4

Bartel,David

P.

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Cell

128

35572

70

0�40

13

35

26

0�23

8

Base

lga,Jos� e

MemorialSloan-

KetteringCance

rCenter

JournalofClinicalOnco

logy

259

31813

79

0�41

120

22

28

0�24

6


INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS

Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Bates,

David

W.

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

MedicalInform

atics

Ass

ociation

565

26741

79

0�38

612

28

20

0�25

7

Bax,JeroenJ.

LeidenUniversity

America

nJournalof

Cardiology

1200

31253

78

0�40

512

15

42

0�15

8

Baylin,StephenB.

JohnsHopkins

University

Cance

rRese

arch

234

40100

93

0�49

77

25

56

0�18

1

Beal,M.Flint

CornellUniversity

JournalofNeuroch

emistry

345

25140

87

0�40

313

28

30

0�23

3

Biederm

an,Jose

ph

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

Aca

demy

ofChildandAdolesc

ent

Psy

chiatry

611

31702

92

0�45

226

850

0�18

3

Birney,Ewan

Wellco

meTrust

Sanger

Institute

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

161

32627

61

0�35

77

836

0�10

5

Bluestone,JeffreyA.


at

SanFrancisco

JournalofIm

munology

262

21905

78

0�35

95

38

21

0�24

1

Bork,Peer

EuropeanMolecu

lar

BiologyLaboratory

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

353

50431

100

0�57

09

39

54

0�26

8

Botstein,David

Prince

tonUniversity

Molecu

larBiologyoftheCell

201

61941

88

0�58

92

19

62

0�14

9

Bousq

uet,Jean

HopitalArnaudde

Villeneuve

Allergy:EuropeanJournalof

AllergyandClinical

Immunology

632

25175

77

0�37

112

11

30

0�16

1

Bouter,LexM.

Vrije

Universiteit

Spine

467

26533

88

0�41

30

26

45

0�15

1

Braunwald,Eugene

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

CollegeofCardiology

515

56306

109

0�62

89

82

26

0�48

9

Breedveld,

FerdinandC.

LeidenUniversity

Annals

oftheRheumatic

Disease

s

423

25391

76

0�36

94

148

0�03

5

Brennan,MurrayF.

MemorialSloan-

KetteringCance

rCenter

Annals

ofSurgicalOnco

logy

471

25388

84

0�39

52

33

34

0�20

0

Breteler,

MoniqueM.B.

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

Neurology

410

26011

89

0�41

42

41

34

0�23

1

Brooks

,David

J.


Brain

338

20502

78

0�35

20

24

36

0�14

1

Brown,PatrickO.

Stanford

University

GenomeBiology

224

64210

100

0�63

91

33

66

0�21

7

Buch

ler,MarkusW

.UniversityofHeidelberg

DigestiveSurgery

1329

28091

76

0�38

34

25

16

0�24

7

Bullmore,Edward

T.

UniversityofCambridge

NeuroIm

age

358

21691

80

0�36

46

15

37

0�13

2

Buring,JulieE.

Harvard

University

Circu

lation

469

32896

83

0�42

90

18

52

0�11

0



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Califf,Robert

M.

Duke

University

America

nHeart

Journal

893

53030

114

0�62

84

31

103

0�15

9

Cameron,JohnL.

JohnsHopkins

University

Annals

ofSurgery

264

17393

76

0�33

01

12

50

0�06

8

Cannon,

ChristopherP.

Harvard

University

America

nJournalofCardiology

609

30710

81

0�41

214

450

0�10

9

Cantley,Lewis

C.

Harvard

University

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

278

38075

101

0�51

22

42

57

0�22

3

Cardon,LonR.

GlaxoSmithKline

America

nJournalofHuman

Genetics

178

29968

71

0�37

63

940

0�08

7

Carm

eliet,Peter

Katholieke

Universiteit

Leuven

JournalofClinicalInvestigation

464

38240

88

0�47

123

23

33

0�27

5

Caron,Marc

G.

Duke

University


272

24052

82

0�38

20

44

22

0�25

5

Chambon,Pierre

UniversitedeStrasb

ourg

Development

410

31519

99

0�47

31

26

72

0�12

9

Charney,Dennis

S.

MountSinaiSch

oolof

Medicine

BiologicalPsy

chiatry

376

25079

88

0�40

65

35

36

0�21

4

Chrouso

s,GeorgeP.

UniversityofAthens

JournalofClinicalEndocrinology

andMetabolism

637

28746

86

0�41

85

42

26

0�26

9

Clarke,Mike*

Queen’s

University

Belfast

Lance

t325

29503

65

0�35

44

12

30

0�12

3

Clevers,Hans

Utrech

tUniversity

Cell

273

31626

82

0�41

93

55

21

0�30

8

Cohen,Philip*

UniversityofDundee

Bioch

emicalJournal

231

29040

83

0�41

012

32

32

0�23

7

Colditz,

Graham

A.

Wash

ingtonUniversity

St.Louis

Cance

rEpidemiology

Biomarkers

andPrevention

725

60962

132

0�72

58

44

117

0�22

3

Collen,D� esir� e

Katholieke

Universiteit

Leuven

ThrombosisandHaemostasis

375

25706

80

0�38

41

15

45

0�10

1

Collins,

FrancisS.

USNIH

Nature

Genetics

504

63972

107

0�66

012

31

73

0�24

5

Collins,

Rory

UniversityofOxford

Lance

t201

41715

63

0�40

96

639

0�09

6

Colombo,Antonio

UniversitaVita-Salute

SanRaffaele

Catheterizationand

CardiovascularInterventions

632

29351

84

0�41

55

33

35

0�21

6

Cook,

DeborahJ.

McM

asterUniversity

Critica

lCare

Medicine

481

29612

86

0�42

29

10

54

0�11

0

Cooper,Cyrus

Universityof

Southampton

OsteoporosisInternational

630

24663

82

0�38

57

18

34

0�16

3

Copeland,NealG.

HoustonMethodist

Genomics

430

29695

92

0�44

21

13

70

0�07

4



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Cordon-Cardo,Carlos

MountSinaiSch

ool

ofMedicine

ClinicalCance

rRese

arch

339

27297

84

0�40

42

12

57

0�08

0

Corey,Lawrence

UniversityofWash

ington

JournalofInfectious

Disease

s

429

23236

87

0�39

43

34

33

0�20

8

Cortes,

Jorge


at

SanDiego

Cance

r683

25045

81

0�38

47

648

0�08

2

Cox,Nancy

J.

USCDC

America

nJournalofHuman

Genetics

371

30723

84

0�42

14

17

57

0�11

3

Croce

,CarloM.

Ohio

State

University

Cance

rRese

arch

533

42304

104

0�54

34

44

61

0�23

9

Cummings,

JeffreyL.

ClevelandClinic

Foundation

Neurology

416

27099

83

0�40

012

18

45

0�16

0

Cummings,

StevenR.

California

PacificMedical

Center

JournalofBoneand

MineralRese

arch

404

30805

83

0�41

910

38

23

0�28

3

D’Agostino,RalphB.

BostonUniversity

Circu

lation

405

38148

97

0�50

04

13

76

0�09

1

Dahlof,Bj€ orn

Goteborg

University

JournalofHypertension

280

27647

61

0�33

24

632

0�07

9

Daly,Mark

J.

Harvard

University

Nature

Genetics

285

54112

96

0�57

61

883

0�05

6

Davis,RogerJ.

Universityof

Mass

ach

use

tts


275

33725

93

0�46

52

32

54

0�18

0

Davis,Ronald

W.

Stanford

University

Nature

Genetics

284

39327

69

0�41

60

15

41

0�11

1

Dawso

n,TedM.

JohnsHopkinsUniversity

JournalofNeuroscience

256

22141

80

0�36

63

27

39

0�15

9

Dawso

n,ValinaL.

JohnsHopkins

University


216

20136

77

0�34

75

22

38

0�14

4

DeClercq,Erik

Katholieke

Universiteit

Leuven

JournalofMedicinalChemistry

1215

34184

86

0�44

522

16

30

0�24

9

Delm

as,

PierreD.

DECEASED

(Universite

ClaudeBernard

Lyon1)

JournalofBoneand

Mineral

Rese

arch

469

31469

89

0�44

111

29

41

0�21

8

Delouka

s,Panos

Wellco

meTrust

Sanger

Institute

Nature

Genetics

213

34323

64

0�37

52

746

0�06

1

DePinho,Ronald

A.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

GenesandDevelopment

287

31217

93

0�45

31

52

39

0�26

1

Devereux,Richard

B.

CornellUniversity

Hypertension

506

26782

73

0�36

77

15

31

0�15

2

DiMarzo,Vince

nzo

CNR,Italy

British

JournalofPharm

aco

logy

410

24185

82

0�38

316

31

18

0�27

7

Dickson,Dennis

W.

MayoClinic

Neurology

481

29615

86

0�42

26

854

0�08

7

Dietz,W

illiam

H.

USCDC

Pediatrics

160

28958

61

0�33

98

22

13

0�23

6



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Dim

meler,Stefanie

UniversityofFrankfurt

Circu

lationRese

arch

308

30558

94

0�45

318

50

20

0�35

0

Dinarello,CharlesA.

UniversityofColorado

HealthScience

sCenter

JournalofIm

munology

373

23324

78

0�36

621

17

26

0�21

7

Dixit,VishvaM.

Genentech

Inco

rporated

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

178

34069

82

0�43

21

51

24

0�29

5

Dobso

n,

ChristopherM.


JournalofMolecu

larBiology

398

27923

82

0�40

18

34

26

0�24

8

Dolan,RaymondJ.

UniversityCollege

London

NeuroIm

age

395

33800

102

0�49

46

85

17

0�41

7

Dougados,

Maxim

eUniversiteParis5

Annals

oftheRheumatic

Disease

s

545

21471

76

0�35

05

12

37

0�11

0

Druke

r,BrianJ.

OregonHealthand

Science

University

Blood

274

34451

76

0�41

49

17

32

0�18

6

Durbin,Richard

Wellco

meTrust

Sanger

Institute

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

118

29940

59

0�33

70

10

36

0�07

3

Easton,DouglasF.


Nature

Genetics

417

31935

82

0�42

15

20

46

0�14

8

Egger,Matthias

UniversityofBern

British

MedicalJournal

444

28142

75

0�38

014

14

33

0�17

4

Eisen,MichaelB.


at

Berkeley

GenomeBiology

107

32960

50

0�32

42

325

0�05

4

Elledge,StephenJ.

Harvard

University

GenesandDevelopment

195

30511

86

0�42

71

47

30

0�26

3

Ellis,LeeM.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

Cance

rRese

arch

305

18544

76

0�33

56

24

25

0�18

3

Emery,Paul

UniversityofLeeds

Annals

oftheRheumatic

Disease

s

657

30096

82

0�41

26

16

46

0�13

3

Eng,Charis

ClevelandClinic

Foundation

JournalofClinical

Endocrinologyand

Metabolism

380

20202

80

0�35

69

33

17

0�25

4

Esteller,Manel

L’Hosp

italetdeLlobregat

Cance

rRese

arch

311

24473

79

0�37

426

13

24

0�23

2

Evans,

AlanC.

McG

illUniversity

NeuroIm

age

415

26005

89

0�41

40

45

34

0�23

6

Evans,

Ronald

M.

Salk

Institute

for

BiologicalStudies

GenesandDevelopment

237

34544

96

0�47

91

55

37

0�28

8

Faraone,StephenV.

SUNYUpstate

Medical

University

America

nJournalof

MedicalGenetics,Part

B:

Neuropsy

chiatric

Genetics

739

32388

93

0�45

917

14

53

0�16

9

Ferrara,Napoleone

Genentech

Inco

rporated


201

40117

88

0�48

123

27

29

0�30

4



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Fisch

er,Alain

INSERM

Blood

464

25265

79

0�37

81

10

47

0�07

2

Flavell,Richard

A.

Yale

University

JournalofIm

munology

716

63686

133

0�74

20

83

87

0�36

2

Flegal,KatherineM.

USCDC

America

nJournalofClinical

Nutrition

119

39164

49

0�35

19

923

0�15

4

Flier,

JeffreyS.

Harvard

University

Endocrinology

147

28939

83

0�40

95

39

33

0�23

4

Folkman,Judah

DECEASED

(Harvard

University)

Cance

rRese

arch

234

31292

78

0�40

518

23

26

0�24

8

Folsom,AaronR.

UniversityofMinneso

taAmerica

nJournalof

Epidemiology

573

32240

88

0�44

214

17

50

0�16

9

Ford,Earl

S.

USCDC

DiabetesCare

287

25979

70

0�35

328

325

0�19

5

Frack

owiak,

Richard

S.J.

UniversityofLausa

nne

NeuroIm

age

273

25379

92

0�42

10

23

67

0�10

7

France

schi,Silvia

InternationalAgency

for

Rese

archonCance

r

InternationalJournalofCance

r768

24825

76

0�36

79

13

26

0�16

8

Frase

r,ClaireM.

UniversityofMaryland

Sch

oolofMedicine

Trendsin

Microbiology

145

30637

71

0�37

92

28

34

0�17

8

Friston,KarlJ.

UniversityCollege

London

NeuroIm

age

474

40991

100

0�52

422

39

39

0�31

9

Frith,ChristopherD.

UniversityofAarhus

NeuroIm

age

371

32266

103

0�49

07

43

56

0�23

1

Froguel,Philippe


Diabetes

422

26602

75

0�37

20

23

30

0�16

2

Fruch

art,Jean-Charles

FondationCoeuretArteres


393

26891

82

0�39

65

660

0�06

1

Furberg,Curt

D.

Wake

Forest

University

Circu

lation

307

25824

75

0�36

84

18

33

0�14

7

Fuster,Valentin

MountSinaiHosp

ital

Circu

lation

580

36142

97

0�49

012

14

68

0�13

6

Gage,FredH.

Salk

Institute

for

BiologicalStudies


341

49283

105

0�58

15

72

32

0�41

0

Gazd

ar,AdiF.

UniversityofTexas

Southwestern

Cance

rRese

arch

398

25640

83

0�39

33

28

37

0�17

9

Genant,HarryK.


at

SanFrancisc

o


387

28788

79

0�39

65

15

41

0�13

0

Gerstein,Mark

Yale

University

GenomeRese

arch

396

26961

79

0�38

75

25

32

0�18

7

Gibbons,

RaymondJ.

MayoClinic

JournaloftheAmerica

n

CollegeofCardiology

292

25405

72

0�35

710

051

0�05

8

Gibbs,

Richard

A.

BaylorCollegeof

Medicine

GenomeRese

arch

283

39431

61

0�39

12

536

0�06

4



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Gilliland,D.Gary

Merck

Blood

229

20764

80

0�35

93

25

39

0�15

0

Giovannucc

i,Edward

Harvard

University

Cance

rEpidemiology

Biomarkers

andPrevention

634

36696

102

0�50

923

20

60

0�21

2

Glass

,ChristopherK.


at

SanDiego

Cell

208

31227

82

0�41

85

25

43

0�17

2

Goldberg,AlfredL.

Harvard

University


155

19049

77

0�34

13

37

17

0�23

9

Golub,ToddR.

BroadInstitute

Cance

rCell

172

40526

77

0�44

82

18

45

0�13

8

Gonzalez,

FrankJ.

USNIH

(NCI)


579

31844

90

0�44

63

21

59

0�12

9

Gores,

Gregory

J.

MayoClinic

Hepatology

386

18979

78

0�34

41

40

17

0�24

3

Green,DouglasR.

St.JudeChildren

Rese

archHosp

ital

CellDeath

andDifferentiation

294

43806

97

0�52

813

44

40

0�31

0

Greenberg,MichaelE.

Harvard

University

Neuron

135

33402

76

0�40

94

48

13

0�32

7

Greengard,Paul

Rock

efellerUniversity

JournalofNeurosc

ience

345

23405

83

0�38

22

26

38

0�16

2

Grobbee,Diederick

E.

Utrech

tUniversity

NederlandsTijdschrift

voorGeneesk

unde

922

38653

95

0�49

60

22

65

0�12

5

Grundy,Sco

ttM.

UniversityofTexas

Southwestern

Circu

lation

341

41893

93

0�50

632

12

46

0�24

7

Guralnik,Jack

M.


Sch

oolofMedicine

JournaloftheAmerica

n

GeriatricsSociety

543

23254

78

0�36

54

15

46

0�10

7

Gustafsso

n,Jan-� A

keUniversityofHouston


672

44613

95

0�52

52

41

45

0�25

7

Guyatt,GordonH.

McM

asterUniversity

JournalofClinical

Epidemiology

736

31472

96

0�46

412

31

50

0�21

4

Gygi,StevenP.

Harvard

University


272

29429

82

0�40

96

23

44

0�16

2

Haffner,StevenM.

BaylorCollegeof

Medicine

DiabetesCare

413

34609

89

0�45

721

25

38

0�25

0

Hallett,Mark

USNIH

(NIN

DS)

Neurology

550

27250

92

0�43

04

54

29

0�28

7

Halliw

ell,Barry

NationalUniversity

ofSingapore

FreeRadicalBiologyand

Medicine

314

21787

76

0�35

226

16

15

0�25

9

Hannon,Gregory

J.

Cold

SpringHarbor

Laboratory

GenesandDevelopment

217

33783

89

0�45

32

37

42

0�21

8

Hardy,John

UniversityCollege

London

MovementDisorders

472

34308

80

0�42

68

551

0�08

7

Harris,AdrianL.

UniversityofOxford

British

JournalofCance

r643

38604

98

0�50

52

43

48

0�24

5

Harris,Curtis

C.

USNIH

(NCI)

Cance

rRese

arch

280

19940

77

0�34

62

39

14

0�25

8



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Harris,Tamara

B.

USNIH

(NIA)

JournaloftheAmerica

n

GeriatricsSociety

513

24011

82

0�38

21

17

46

0�10

7

Hauss

ler,David


atSanta

Cruz

GenomeRese

arch

157

30846

62

0�35

20

17

30

0�12

7

Hayash

izaki,Yosh

ihide

Riken

GenomeRese

arch

489

30611

61

0�34

70

13

28

0�11

0

Hayden,MichaelR.

UniversityofBritish

Columbia

HumanMolecu

larGenetics

410

21649

78

0�35

70

30

31

0�17

6

Henneke

ns,

CharlesH.

FloridaAtlanticUniversity

Circu

lation

375

48100

102

0�56

56

32

65

0�20

9

Herm

an,JamesG.


Cance

rRese

arch

256

35757

92

0�47

26

33

46

0�21

7

Hicklin,DanielJ.

Merck

Cance

rRese

arch

179

22134

77

0�35

62

648

0�05

1

Hodges,

JohnR.

UniversityofNew

South

Wales

Brain

368

19081

80

0�35

17

29

16

0�24

3

Hofm

an,Albert

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

Stroke

1146

53285

118

0�64

23

13

135

0�06

8

Holgate,StephenT.

Universityof

Southampton

JournalofAllergyandClinical

Immunology

641

27448

84

0�40

515

12

38

0�16

8

Holm

an,Rury

R.

UniversityofOxford

Diabetologia

180

26788

59

0�32

26

20

23

0�17

1

Holm

es,

David

R.

MayoClinic

JournaloftheAmerica

n

CollegeofCardiology

745

28049

86

0�41

55

15

40

0�13

8

Holsboer,Florian

MaxPlanck

Institute

of

Psy

chiatry

JournalofPsy

chiatric

Rese

arch

529

23660

79

0�37

05

21

34

0�16

1

Holst,JensJ.

Universityof

Copenhagen

JournalofClinical

Endocrinologyand

Metabolism

604

25502

85

0�39

96

23

41

0�16

5

Honjo,Tasu

kuKyoto

University


Medicine

275

22127

77

0�35

63

38

21

0�23

6

Hood,Leroy

Institute

forSystems

Biology

GenomeRese

arch

272

29070

71

0�37

24

17

35

0�13

9

Hori,Masa

tsugu

Osa

kaMedicalCenter

Circu

lation

760

27584

74

0�37

40

23

27

0�17

2

Hortobagyi,GabrielN.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center


logy

715

28642

88

0�42

47

23

43

0�17

4

Howard,Barbara

V.

MedStarHealthRese

arch

Institute

Circu

lation

347

27249

68

0�35

35

932

0�10

7

Hruban,RalphH.

JohnsHopkins

University

Cance

rRese

arch

484

32988

94

0�46

56

19

67

0�12

6



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Hu,FrankB.

Harvard

University

America

nJournalof

ClinicalNutrition

617

38625

104

0�52

529

41

38

0�34

0

Huber,

Robert

MaxPlanck

Institute

for

Bioch

emistry

JournalofMolecu

larBiology

447

22470

77

0�35

81

938

0�07

5

Hunter,David

J.

Harvard

University

Cance

rEpidemiology

Biomarkers

and

Prevention

786

39716

97

0�50

810

25

61

0�18

5

Hunter,Tony

Salk

Institute

for

BiologicalStudies


209

25890

83

0�39

45

33

36

0�20

2

Hyman,BradleyT.

Harvard

University

JournalofNeuropathology

andExperimentalNeurology

416

27948

92

0�43

32

33

49

0�18

1

Ioannidis,JohnP.A.

Stanford

University

JournalofClinicalEpidemiology

579

23639

78

0�36

726

11

27

0�21

2

Isner,JeffreyM.

DECEASED

(Tufts

University)

Circu

lation

191

30667

82

0�41

56

44

25

0�27

6

Jack

s,Tyler

Massach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

GenesandDevelopment

207

23236

80

0�37

22

44

20

0�25

9

Jaco

bs,

Alice

K.

BostonUniversity

Circu

lation

226

27109

78

0�38

42

162

0�01

8

Jaenisch

,Rudolf

Massach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Cell

299

36848

100

0�50

33

70

28

0�36

4

Jaffe,ElaineS.

USNIH

(NCI)

Blood

334

23680

78

0�36

74

651

0�06

0

Jain,Rake

shK.

Harvard

University

Cance

rRese

arch

591

36745

88

0�46

419

49

13

0�39

0

Jemal,Ahmedin

America

nCance

rSociety

Ca-A

Cance

rJournalfor

Clinicians

100

38198

43

0�32

716

112

0�19

2

Jenkins,

Nancy

A.

HoustonMethodist

Genomics

433

30078

92

0�44

40

778

0�03

7

Jolesz,FerencA.

Harvard

University

JournalofMagnetic

Reso

nance

Imaging

376

19415

78

0�34

61

20

37

0�12

5

Jones,

Ronald

N.

JMILaboratories

Diagnostic

Microbiology

andInfectiousDisease

750

24785

77

0�37

09

12

31

0�14

9

Kadowaki,Taka

shi

UniversityofToky

oNipponrinsh

o.Japanese

journalofclinicalmedicine

590

28468

80

0�39

74

31

30

0�21

4

Kahn,C.Ronald

Harvard

University

JournalofClinical

Investigation

311

24531

85

0�39

41

37

31

0�21

7

Kaibuch

i,Kozo

NagoyaUniversity

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

297

22245

78

0�36

02

37

28

0�21

0

Kandel,EricR.

Columbia

University

Neuron

236

22374

83

0�37

74

41

29

0�22

9



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Kangawa,Kenji

JapanNational

CardiovascularCenter

ResInst

Bioch

emicaland

Biophysica

lRese

arch

Communications

638

36336

87

0�45

90

23

50

0�14

5

Kantarjian,Hagop

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

Cance

r1086

51458

103

0�58

523

27

57

0�27

3

Karin,Michael


at

SanDiego

Cell

335

64619

125

0�72

120

89

31

0�56

1

Kastelein,JohnJ.P.

UniversityofAmsterdam

Atherosc

lerosis

591

25792

76

0�37

14

17

39

0�13

0

Keating,MichaelJ.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

Blood

492

24218

77

0�36

75

11

37

0�11

1

Kendler,Kenneth

S.

Virginia

Commonwealth

University

Psy

chologicalMedicine

538

23992

84

0�38

836

21

11

0�32

5

Kess

ler,Ronald

C.

Harvard

University

Psy

chologicalMedicine

463

49095

110

0�59

652

35

37

0�41

8

Kinzler,Kenneth

W.


Cance

rRese

arch

232

58855

105

0�62

84

23

82

0�15

6

Kishim

oto,Tadamitsu

Osa

kaUniversity

Blood

329

24156

88

0�40

22

30

44

0�16

9

Klein,Ronald

UniversityofWisco

nsin

Ophthalm

ology

645

23759

84

0�38

714

743

0�12

7

Koob,GeorgeF.

ScrippsRese

archInstitute

Psy

chopharm

aco

logy

356

22135

77

0�35

621

20

20

0�24

0

Koonin,EugeneV.

USNIH

BiologyDirect

493

49287

112

0�60

317

59

43

0�38

5

Korsmeyer,

StanleyJ.

DECEASED

(Dana-Farber

Cance

rInstitute)


197

41891

97

0�51

82

56

34

0�32

7

Krammer,PeterH.

Germ

anCance

rRese

arch

Center

CellDeath

andDifferentiation

301

27243

77

0�38

23

20

38

0�14

4

Kroemer,Guido

UniversiteParis5

CellDeath

andDifferentiation

576

55431

119

0�65

613

105

25

0�54

1

Krumholz,HarlanM.

Yale

University

Circu

lation

673

34174

98

0�48

312

44

38

0�28

8

Kuch

erlapati,Raju

Harvard

University

Cance

rRese

arch

206

27100

62

0�33

30

735

0�05

5

Kuller,Lewis

H.

UniversityofPittsburgh

America

nJournalofEpidemiology

636

32615

91

0�45

36

19

59

0�13

5

Kupfer,David

J.


America

nJournalofPsy

chiatry

395

20221

76

0�34

43

29

22

0�20

4

Laaks

o,Markku

UniversityofEastern

Finland

DiabetesCare

483

28397

77

0�38

76

17

33

0�15

9

Lander,EricS.

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Nature

Genetics

332

94950

127

0�87

73

44

102

0�27

7

Lang,AnthonyE.

UniversityofToronto

MovementDisorders

486

24327

78

0�37

15

14

40

0�11

9

Langer,Robert

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Biomaterials

771

46095

112

0�58

76

75

55

0�35

0



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Lanier,Lewis

L.


at

SanFrancisco

JournalofIm

munology

235

22035

81

0�36

914

23

31

0�20

1

Lanzavecc

hia,Antonio

Institute

forRese

archin

Biomedicine

EuropeanJournalof

Immunology

168

31279

74

0�39

29

29

27

0�22

9

Lee,Virginia

M.-Y.

Universityof

Pennsy

lvania

JournalofNeurosc

ience

485

38793

103

0�52

22

38

68

0�19

3

Lefkowitz,

Robert

J.

Duke

University

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

287

31621

100

0�47

77

56

37

0�30

1

Lehrach

,Hans

MaxPlanck

Institute

forMolecu

larGenetics

Genomics

400

28235

67

0�35

50

636

0�05

1

Leon,Martin

B.

Columbia

University

America

nJournalof

Cardiology

561

33719

89

0�45

23

37

37

0�23

5

Levey,Andrew

S.

TuftsUniversity

America

nJournalofKidney

Disease

s

300

35188

79

0�42

811

21

31

0�21

7

Levine,Arnold

J.

Institute

forAdvance

d

Studies

Cance

rEpidemiologyBiomarkers

andPrevention

206

32889

70

0�38

74

35

19

0�26

0

Levy,Daniel

USNIH

(NHLBI)

Circu

lation

415

44402

104

0�55

34

49

54

0�27

4

Libby,Peter

Harvard

University

Circu

lation

413

47206

113

0�59

619

52

55

0�33

6

Lieberm

an,JeffreyA.

Columbia

University

America

nJournalofPsy

chiatry

448

24834

81

0�38

312

32

19

0�26

7

Liotta,Lance

A.

GeorgeMaso

nUniversity

Cance

rRese

arch

369

25721

81

0�38

78

16

43

0�13

9

Lipman,David

J.

USNIH

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

54

41821

38

0�32

90

325

0�03

5

Lipton,Richard

B.

Yesh

ivaUniversity

Headach

e489

23621

81

0�37

715

19

31

0�19

7

Lisanti,MichaelP.

ThomasJefferson

University


370

25271

88

0�40

70

57

19

0�30

5

Littm

an,DanR.

New

York

University


184

26533

78

0�38

12

25

41

0�15

1

Liu,Yong-Jun

BaylorInstitute

for

ImmunologyRese

arch


176

25683

70

0�35

28

27

19

0�22

8

Mak,

TakW

.UniversityofToronto

JournalofIm

munology

488

43447

106

0�55

51

50

66

0�24

2

Mancia,Giuse

ppe

UniversityofMilan

JournalofHypertension

730

32426

77

0�40

714

17

32

0�20

0

Mann,Matthias

MaxPlanck

Institute

for

Bioch

emistry

Molecu

larandCellularProteomics

452

63527

122

0�70

65

66

68

0�36

0

Manns,

MichaelP.

HannoverMedical

Sch

ool

Hepatology

1069

33022

82

0�42

64

14

37

0�14

0

Manso

n,JoannE.

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

nMedical

Ass

ociation

710

64300

134

0�74

87

37

132

0�18

7



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Mantovani,Alberto

UniversityofMilan

JournalofIm

munology

593

33040

91

0�45

512

34

33

0�26

5

Marm

ot,Michael

UniversityCollege

London

JournalofEpidemiologyand

CommunityHealth

553

21251

78

0�35

511

29

12

0�27

3

Marra,MarcoA.

British

Columbia

Cance

r

Agency

GenomeRese

arch

219

28156

60

0�33

22

10

24

0�11

1

Masliah,Eliezer


at

SanDiego

JournalofNeurosc

ience

485

23447

80

0�37

311

18

35

0�16

9

Mass

ague,Joan

MemorialSloan-Kettering

Cance

rCenter


163

35069

94

0�47

512

56

21

0�36

3

Matsuzawa,Yuji

SumitomoHosp

ital

Bioch

emicalandBiophysica

l

Rese

archCommunications

601

46768

96

0�53

97

42

39

0�30

0

Mattso

n,Mark

P.

USNIH

(NIA)

JournalofNeuroch

emistry

689

42354

111

0�56

634

80

15

0�50

0

McE

wen,Bruce

S.

Rock

efellerUniversity

Brain

Rese

arch

431

35597

99

0�49

427

33

39

0�29

9

McM

ahon,Andrew

P.

UniversityofSouthern

California

Development

223

26620

92

0�42

72

42

43

0�21

6

McM

ichael,Andrew

J.

UniversityofOxford

EuropeanJournalofIm

munology

339

25540

80

0�38

37

20

40

0�15

4

McM

urray,JohnJ.V.

UniversityofGlasg

ow

EuropeanJournalofHeart

Failure

585

30200

81

0�40

96

17

41

0�14

7

Medzh

itov,Ruslan

Yale

University

Nature

Immunology

155

34925

74

0�41

013

38

13

0�32

7

Meijer,ChrisJ.L.M.

Vrije

Universiteit

InternationalJournalofCance

r606

34452

83

0�43

70

22

41

0�15

2

MeltonIII,L.Jose

ph

MayoClinic


381

26800

88

0�41

59

34

33

0�23

5

Miller,David

H.

UniversityCollege

London

Neurology

467

26155

82

0�39

27

27

33

0�19

9

Miller,W

ebb

Pennsy

lvania

State

University

GenomeRese

arch

176

51184

58

0�43

90

10

25

0�12

6

Mills,GordonB.

MD

AndersonCance

r

Center

Cance

rRese

arch

378

21240

77

0�35

22

13

42

0�09

3

Minna,JohnD.

UniversityofTexas

Southwestern

Cance

rRese

arch

384

22511

85

0�38

41

19

47

0�11

5

Moffitt,Terrie

E.

Duke

University

ArchivesofGeneralPsy

chiatry

206

20339

76

0�34

48

10

35

0�11

7

Moher,David

OttawaHosp

ital

JournalofClinicalEpidemiology

356

25369

66

0�33

716

14

20

0�20

2

Murray,Robin

M.

King’s

CollegeLondon

British

JournalofPsy

chiatry

637

25490

78

0�37

61

23

34

0�15

6

Nagai,Ryozo

UniversityofToky

oJournalofBiologicalChemistry

842

30172

77

0�39

60

10

43

0�07

5

Narod,StevenA.

UniversityofToronto

Breast

Cance

rRese

archand

Treatm

ent

499

22549

76

0�35

56

15

33

0�13

8



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Narumiya,Shuh

Kyoto

University


317

25077

78

0�37

45

28

30

0�19

6

Nemeroff,CharlesB.

UniversityofMiami

BiologicalPsy

chiatry

400

23507

78

0�36

611

31

23

0�23

7

Nestler,EricJ.

MountSinaiSch

oolof

Medicine


315

28100

89

0�42

415

47

18

0�32

9

Nicoll,RogerA.


at

SanFrancisc

o

Neuron

168

18217

76

0�33

43

31

25

0�19

2

Norton,Larry

MemorialSloan-

KetteringCance

rCenter


logy

213

27866

65

0�34

61

14

36

0�10

2

Nunez,

Gabriel



228

23505

79

0�37

01

40

20

0�24

8

O’Brien,Susa

nMD

AndersonCance

r

Center

Cance

r557

24533

76

0�36

54

052

0�02

6

Oku

mura,Ko

JuntendoUniversity

JournalofIm

munology

636

23371

79

0�36

92

22

36

0�14

8

Olson,EricN.

UniversityofTexas

Southwestern

DevelopmentalBiology

446

36788

107

0�52

57

78

31

0�38

5

Oparil,Suzanne

UniversityofAlabamaat

Birmingham

BloodPress

ure

366

30355

55

0�32

74

326

0�06

9

Orkin,Stuart

H.

Harvard

University

Blood

238

19687

84

0�36

73

42

24

0�23

9

Osterhaus,

AlbertusD.M.E.

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

Vacc

ine

695

27303

74

0�37

20

19

33

0�13

6

Owen,MichaelJ.

CardiffUniversity

America

nJournalof

MedicalGenetics

-

Neuropsy

chiatric

Genetics

632

28067

86

0�41

53

23

46

0�15

0

Pandolfi,PierPaolo

Harvard

University

Onco

gene

294

24397

85

0�39

31

41

26

0�24

3

Paulsen,IanT.

Macq

uarieUniversity

JournalofBacteriology

164

25576

73

0�36

111

151

0�06

9

Pawso

n,Tony

MountSinaiHosp

ital,

Toronto

Molecu

larandCellularBiology

247

22486

82

0�37

48

21

34

0�17

2

Peltonen,Leena

DECEASED

(Universityof

Helsinki)

Nature

Genetics

582

26750

85

0�40

53

21

49

0�13

3

Penninger,Jose

fM.

AustrianAca

demyof

Science

s

JournalofIm

munology

342

29989

81

0�40

83

32

33

0�21

0

Petersen,Ronald

C.

MayoClinic

Neurology

409

28458

77

0�38

811

17

32

0�18

1

Peterson,EricD.

Duke

University

America

nHeart

Journal

698

22896

77

0�36

06

13

34

0�12

9

Peto,Richard*

UniversityofOxford

Lance

t221

34930

61

0�36

96

22

22

0�20

6

Pfaller,MichaelA.

UniversityofIowa

JournalofClinicalMicrobiology

502

27074

86

0�41

035

12

25

0�26

7



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Pfeffer,

Marc

A.

Harvard

University

Circu

lation

341

40572

89

0�48

66

19

54

0�15

4

Pols,Huibert

A.P.

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

JournalofBoneand

MineralRese

arch

360

21975

80

0�36

51

14

48

0�08

7

Ponting,ChrisP.

UniversityofOxford

GenomeRese

arch

204

29557

66

0�35

816

823

0�18

3

Popma,JeffreyJ.

Harvard

University

America


337

29601

78

0�39

72

360

0�03

1

Poynard,Thierry

UniversiteParis6

Gastroenterologie

CliniqueetBiologique

369

26015

76

0�37

217

21

23

0�23

2

Priori,Silvia

G.

New

York

University

Circu

lation

323

24925

78

0�37

317

347

0�11

1

Prusiner,StanleyB.


at

SanFrancisc

o

JournalofMolecu

lar

Biology

243

22129

79

0�36

36

22

32

0�16

9

Rajewsky,Klaus

Harvard

University


Medicine

234

20213

80

0�35

73

26

39

0�15

2

Raoult,Didier

Universitedela

Mediterranee

EmergingInfectiousDisease

s1252

29091

78

0�39

411

42

70�34

8

Reed,JohnC.

Roch

ePharm

aRese

arch


755

76185

131

0�79

720

63

92

0�37

8

Reiser,Maxim

ilian

UniversityofMunich

Radiologe

1237

25834

72

0�35

90

18

20

0�17

0

Reiter,Russ

elJ.

UniversityofTexas

HealthScience

Center

JournalofPinealRese

arch

445

21703

76

0�35

118

14

20

0�21

6

Remuzzi,Giuse

ppe

LaboratoriNegri

Bergamo

JournaloftheAmerica

n

Society

ofNephrology

687

31651

82

0�42

010

37

22

0�28

6

Richman,DouglasD.


at

SanDiego

JournalofVirology

283

27577

80

0�39

34

29

35

0�19

1

Ridke

r,PaulM.

Harvard

University

Circu

lation

587

63099

112

0�67

247

45

34

0�49

0

Rifai,Nader

Harvard

University

ClinicalChemistry

367

41460

93

0�50

36

10

70

0�09

4

Rim

m,EricB.

Harvard

University

America

nJournal

ofClinicalNutrition

415

33727

102

0�49

45

15

83

0�09

6

Robbins,

TrevorW

.UniversityofCambridge

Psy

chopharm

aco

logy

480

35032

104

0�50

79

56

43

0�30

5

Rose

n,Bruce

R.

Harvard

University

NeuroIm

age

245

23528

82

0�37

91

21

49

0�11

8

Rose

nberg,StevenA.

USNIH

(NCI)

JournalofIm

munotherapy

485

38040

104

0�52

218

42

49

0�28

7

Rose

nfeld,MichaelG.


at

SanDiego

Cell

223

30548

90

0�44

02

49

32

0�27

0

Rubenstein,

JohnL.R.


at

SanFrancisc

o

Development

192

17899

76

0�33

24

34

27

0�19

4



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Rubin,Gerald

M.

Howard

HughesMedical

Institute

Genomebiology

125

25548

70

0�35

12

21

29

0�15

5

Rush

,A.John

NationalUniversityof

Singapore

JournalofClinicalPsy

chiatry

453

23041

77

0�36

112

11

33

0�14

8

Rutgeerts,

Paul

Katholieke

Universiteit

Leuven

Inflammatory

BowelDisease

s521

31303

84

0�42

49

33

31

0�24

4

Rutter,Michael

King’s

CollegeLondon

JournalofChild

Psy

chologyandPsy

chiatry

andAlliedDisciplines

253

17016

79

0�33

718

16

24

0�19

8

Salvese

n,GuyS.

Sanford-Burnham

MedicalRese

arch

Institute


188

26386

73

0�36

54

24

35

0�16

2

Salzberg,StevenL.

JohnsHopkins

University

GenomeBiology

182

33745

73

0�40

15

14

43

0�12

3

Sandborn,W

illiam

J.


at

SanDiego

Gastroenterology

406

22848

82

0�37

622

23

23

0�24

9

Sawyers,CharlesL.

MemorialSloan-

KetteringCance

rCenter

Cance

rCell

170

29490

73

0�38

06

27

27

0�20

9

Sca

rdino,PeterT.

MemorialSloan-

KetteringCance

rCenter

JournalofUrology

427

19543

76

0�34

00

19

30

0�13

2

Sch

erer,StephenW.

CentreforApplied

Genomics

Genomics

473

41573

84

0�47

53

15

53

0�12

0

Sch

omig,Albert

Tech

nisch

eUniversitat

Munch

en

JournaloftheAmerica

nCollege

ofCardiology

560

25121

79

0�37

84

41

18

0�27

0

Sch

reiber,Stefan

Christian-A

lbrech

ts-

Universit€ at

Gut

625

24816

77

0�37

08

14

38

0�13

6

Sch

reiber,Stuart

L.

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

267

27729

84

0�40

74

50

20

0�29

7

Sch

ulten,Klaus

UniversityofIllinois

at

Urbana-Champaign

Biophysica

lJournal

334

25505

70

0�35

10

34

60�29

8

Sch

ultz,

PeterG.

ScrippsRese

arch

Institute

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

385

23786

82

0�38

10

28

28

0�19

0

Sch

wartz,

Joel

Harvard

University

EnvironmentalHealth

Perspectives

409

19148

76

0�33

812

11

29

0�15

0

Sch

wartz,

MichaelW

.*UniversityofW

ash

ington

Diabetes

403

28236

88

0�42

213

47

18

0�32

5

Selkoe,Dennis

J.

Harvard

University


246

40915

97

0�51

421

42

30

0�34

8



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Semenza,GreggL.

JohnsHopkins

University


257

34870

96

0�48

030

34

28

0�33

4

Serruys,

PatrickW

.Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

Circu

lation

1135

43076

99

0�53

112

37

49

0�26

5

Sette,Aless

andro

LaJollaInstitute

for

Allergyand

Immunology

JournalofIm

munology

365

18219

77

0�33

72

13

36

0�09

9

Shay,JerryW

.UniversityofTexas

Southwestern

Cance

rRese

arch

292

23550

79

0�37

010

22

28

0�19

7

Sheng,Morgan

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Neuron

177

18860

76

0�33

79

37

18

0�24

2

Shim

izu,Nobuyosh

iKeio

University

Bioch

emicalandBiophysica

l

Rese

archCommunications

595

30266

66

0�36

10

932

0�07

9

Shinozaki,Kazu

oRiken

PlantandCellPhysiology

377

24409

82

0�38

46

31

27

0�22

2

Shulm

an,Gerald

I.Yale

University

Diabetes

286

29243

85

0�41

71

48

27

0�26

9

Sidransky,David

JohnsHopkins

University

Cance

rRese

arch

392

26891

84

0�40

23

39

25

0�25

2

Silman,AlanJ.

ArthritisRese

archUK

Annals

oftheRheumaticDisease

s444

21920

84

0�37

81

24

34

0�16

0

Smith,SidneyC.

UniversityofNorth

Carolina

Circu

lation

334

47306

103

0�56

47

23

73

0�16

4

Smith,GeorgeDavey

UniversityofBristol

British

MedicalJournal

725

29936

77

0�39

58

17

28

0�18

6

Smith,Mark

A.

DECEASED

(Case

Western)

JournalofAlzheim

er’sDisease

662

27956

81

0�39

89

25

28

0�21

8

Snyder,SolomonH.

JohnsHopkins

University


274

21992

84

0�37

85

42

21

0�26

1

Sonenberg,Nahum

McG

illUniversity

Molecu

larandCellularBiology

310

25899

87

0�40

73

43

34

0�23

4

Speizer,FrankE.

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

nMedical

Ass

ociation

229

29021

94

0�44

50

10

77

0�05

1

Spiegelm

an,Bruce

M.

Harvard

University

Novartis

FoundationSymposium

212

37789

95

0�49

25

62

27

0�35

0

Spiegelm

an,Donna

Harvard

University

America

nJournalofEpidemiology

426

24237

81

0�38

01

262

0�01

8

Springer,Tim

othyA.

Harvard

University


225

20539

77

0�34

92

36

19

0�23

2

Stampfer,MeirJ.

Harvard

University

Cance

rEpidemiologyBiomarkers

andPrevention

704

73673

138

0�80

73

33

153

0�15

4

Steinman,RalphM.

DECEASED

(Rockefeller

University)


242

39233

91

0�48

615

32

38

0�26

9

Stone,GreggW

.Columbia

University

America


593

26736

80

0�38

928

529

0�20

7



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Storb,Rainer

UniversityofW

ash

ington

Blood

461

21912

78

0�35

93

15

44

0�10

4

Strieter,Robert

M.

UniversityofVirginia

JournalofIm

munology

389

22624

84

0�38

14

26

40

0�16

3

Sudhof,ThomasC.

Stanford

University


310

26766

90

0�42

16

46

29

0�27

0

Szabo,Csa

ba

UniversityofTexas

MedicalBranch

Shock

552

23800

78

0�36

816

29

15

0�27

6

Take

da,Kiyosh

iOsa

kaUniversity

JournalofIm

munology

292

43547

89

0�50

112

267

0�08

7

Take

uch

i,Osa

mu

Osa

kaUniversity

JournalofIm

munology

231

30690

73

0�38

612

148

0�08

2

Talley,NicholasJ.

UniversityofNewca

stle

America

nJournalof

Gastroenterology

718

24704

83

0�38

816

18

23

0�23

2

Tempst,Paul


Cance

rCenter


242

28635

95

0�44

60

582

0�02

6

Tess

ier-Lavigne,Marc

Rock

efellerUniversity

Neuron

195

22475

82

0�37

41

30

42

0�15

9

Thase

,MichaelE.

UniversityofPennsy

lvania

JournalofClinicalPsy

chiatry

505

23264

78

0�36

510

743

0�10

3

Thompso

n,AlanJ.

UniversityCollegeLondon

Multiple

Sclerosis

451

25142

79

0�37

82

16

36

0�12

6

Thompso

n,Craig

B.


Cance

rCenter

JournalofIm

munology

286

36350

108

0�52

61

74

40

0�34

3

Thun,MichaelJ.

America

nCance

rSociety

Cance

rEpidemiology

Biomarkers

andPrevention

392

59460

79

0�54

85

30

29

0�30

0

Tibsh

irani,Robert

Stanford

University

Biostatistics

178

31660

56

0�33

65

12

20

0�15

5

Topol,EricJ.

ScrippsRese

archInstitute

Circu

lation

814

55903

116

0�64

915

77

51

0�41

7

Tracy

,Russ

ellP.

UniversityofVerm

ont

Circu

lation

341

32637

85

0�43

44

17

56

0�11

8

Trojanowski,JohnQ.

UniversityofPennsy

lvania

ActaNeuropathologica

580

43793

107

0�56

03

34

83

0�17

3

Tsc

hopp,J€ urg

DECEASED

(Universityof

Lausa

nne)

JournalofIm

munology

278

36035

102

0�50

53

61

39

0�31

4

Tsien,RogerY.


at

SanDiego

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

159

28335

79

0�39

44

37

30

0�22

7

Tuomilehto,Jaakko

UniversityofHelsinki

DiabetesCare

752

51658

103

0�58

68

24

79

0�16

9

Tusc

hl,Thomas

Rock

efellerUniversity

RNA

105

29271

61

0�34

14

26

24

0�18

9

VanDeW

erf,Frans

Katholieke

Universiteit

Leuven

EuropeanHeart

Journal

468

25765

76

0�37

17

12

39

0�12

2

Verkman,AlanS.


at

SanFrancisc

o


370

19883

76

0�34

26

38

70�29

5

Verw

eij,Jaap

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

EuropeanJournalof

Cance

r

471

26107

67

0�34

42

11

30

0�10

4



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Vince

nt,Jean-Louis

UniversiteLibre

de

Bruxelles

Critica

lCare

Medicine

728

31536

77

0�40

316

25

23

0�25

8

Virmani,Renu

CVPath

Institute,Inc.

Circu

lation

448

25557

77

0�37

311

33

24

0�24

2

Vogelstein,Bert


Cance

rRese

arch

256

62808

108

0�65

73

46

65

0�28

3

Volkow,Nora

D.

USNIH

(NIDA)

Synapse

448

21038

78

0�35

436

515

0�25

9

Walker,Bruce

D.

Howard

HughesMedical

Institute

JournalofVirology

421

27250

84

0�40

42

29

38

0�18

2

Walsh,ThomasJ.

CornellUniversity

AntimicrobialAgents

and

Chemotherapy

527

28878

81

0�40

318

23

23

0�25

8

Watkins,

Sim

onC.


JournalofIm

munology

439

20579

82

0�36

51

251

0�02

0

Webster,Robert

G.

St.JudeChildren

Rese

archHosp

ital

JournalofVirology

365

21306

79

0�35

96

25

30

0�18

2

Wedel,Hans

Nordic

Sch

oolofPublic

Health

EuropeanHeart

Journal

169

30025

55

0�32

50

12

29

0�09

5

Weinberg,Robert

A.

Mass

ach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Cell

166

35681

83

0�44

33

58

14

0�36

0

Weinberger,

DanielR.

USNIH

(NIM

H)

BiologicalPsy

chiatry

508

34086

94

0�47

05

58

25

0�33

7

Weiss,

Sco

ttT.

Harvard

University

America

nJournalofResp

iratory

andCritica

lCare

Medicine

457

20295

80

0�35

71

17

36

0�11

9

Weisse

nbach

,Jean

Genosc

ope

HumanMolecu

larGenetics

260

37989

72

0�41

90

547

0�04

0

Weissleder,Ralph

Harvard

University

Bioco

njugate

Chemistry

583

33113

89

0�44

912

38

31

0�27

7

Weissm

an,IrvingL.

Stanford

University

Blood

340

34864

89

0�45

83

47

32

0�27

9

Wells,

GeorgeA.

UniversityofOttawa

JournalofRheumatology

485

20883

79

0�35

72

10

47

0�07

3

Werb,Zena


at

SanFrancisc

o

Development

232

30962

83

0�41

94

37

30

0�24

2

White,HarveyD.

AucklandCityHosp

ital

EuropeanHeart

Journal

596

30472

78

0�40

19

16

42

0�15

0

White,NicholasJ.

UniversityofOxford

Transa

ctionsoftheRoyal

Society

ofTropical

MedicineandHygiene

668

25253

78

0�37

513

19

24

0�21

4

White,Owen


Sch

oolofMedicine

Nucleic

AcidsRese

arch

120

30328

69

0�37

11

551

0�03

9

Wichmann,H.-Erich

Helm

holtzZentrum

M€ unch

en

Nature

Genetics

618

22715

77

0�35

91

747

0�05

2

Willett,W

alterC.

Harvard

University

America

nJournalofClinical

Nutrition

1142

88386

156

0�93

88

79

161

0�32

9



Table

1Continued

Researcher

Institution

Main

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Willson,Tim

othyM.

GlaxoSmithKline

JournalofMedicinalChemistry

164

29140

80

0�40

15

14

49

0�11

2

Wilso

n,JamesM.

Universityof

Pennsy

lvania

HumanGeneTherapy

435

23611

86

0�39

32

47

21

0�27

5

Wilso

n,PeterW

.F.

Emory

University

Circu

lation

504

39736

104

0�53

09

22

79

0�14

9

Wilso

n,Richard

K.

Wash

ingtonUniversity

St.Louis

GenomeRese

arch

137

33836

58

0�35

40

631

0�05

7

Winblad,Bengt

KarolinskaInstitutet

InternationalJournalof

Geriatric

Psy

chiatry

634

24911

78

0�37

35

10

37

0�10

8

Wittchen,

Hans-Ulrich

Tech

nisch

eUniversitat

Dresd

en

InternationalJournalof

Methods

inPsy

chiatric

Rese

arch

429

18381

76

0�33

512

12

27

0�15

7

Witteman,

Jacq

uelineC.M.

Erasm

usUniversity

Rotterdam

Stroke

472

21973

79

0�36

20

21

40

0�12

5

Wolm

ark,Norm

an

AlleghenyGeneral

Hosp

ital


logy

170

28612

65

0�35

03

29

19

0�22

0

Yagita,Hideo

JuntendoUniversity

JournalofIm

munology

473

23341

84

0�38

51

856

0�05

3

Yamamoto,

Masa

yuki

Tohoku

University

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

717

28311

83

0�40

60

26

37

0�16

8

Yanco

poulos,

GeorgeD.

Regeneron

Pharm

ace

utica

ls,Inc.

Cell

247

34335

94

0�47

12

25

65

0�13

8

YatesIII,JohnR.

ScrippsRese

arch

Institute

Analytica

lChemistry

667

41576

102

0�53

37

38

61

0�22

6

Yazaki,Yosh

ioInternationalMedical

CenterofJapan

JournalofBiological

Chemistry

415

20847

83

0�36

90

16

44

0�09

8

Yeo,CharlesJ.

ThomasJefferson

University

Journalof

GastrointestinalSurgery

358

24549

84

0�39

16

664

0�06

2

Yusu

f,Salim

McM

asterUniversity

Circu

lation

630

60475

110

0�65

222

54

41

0�42

4

Zanch

etti,Alberto

UniversityofMilan

Journalof

Hypertension

378

26130

63

0�33

15

19

12

0�22

1

Zeiher,AndreasM.

UniversityofFrankfurt

Circu

lation

318

32801

92

0�45

70

34

52

0�18

1

Zim

met,PaulZ.

Bake

rHeart

Rese

arch

Institute

DiabetesCare

443

26640

64

0�33

712

521

0�15

1

#papers:numberofpapers

in1996–2

011;#cites:

numberoftotalcitationsofpapers

publish

edin

1996–2

011asofend-2011;H:Hirschh-index;Sco

re:norm

alizedscore;#FS100:number

ofpapers

withatleast

100citationsauthoredassingle

orfirstauthor;#L100:numberofpapers

withatleast

100citationsauthoredaslast

author;#M100:numberofpapers

withatleast

100citationsauthoredasmiddle

author;

AAS:authorship-adjustedscore.

*Someerrors

notedfortheresp

ectiveSco

pusauthoridentifier,

base

donco

mmunicationfrom

theauthor.



Table

2Highly

influentialrese

archers

withafocu

soutsidebiomedicine(Sco

pus1996-2011)

Researcher

Institution

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Alivisatos,

A.Paul


at

Berkeley

NanoLetters

225

45610

87

0�50

56

57

17

0�39

8

Antonietti,Markus

MaxPlanck

Institute

of

ColloidsandInterface

s

ChemistryofMaterials

453

22468

83

0�37

78

38

18

0�27

1

Barabasi,Albert-L� aszl� o

Northeastern

University

Physica

lReview

Letters

173

37064

67

0�39

810

31

13

0�30

2

Bawendi,MoungiG.

Massach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Physica

lReview

B223

25008

78

0�37

40

40

20

0�24

9

Brinkm

ann,JonathanV.

Apach

ePoint

Obse

rvatory

AstronomicalJournal

319

37540

104

0�51

90

14

92

0�06

9

Buch

wald,StephenL.

Massach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

280

27886

96

0�44

62

91

10�44

1

Caruso

,Frank

UniversityofMelbourne

Langmuir

337

22775

78

0�36

322

34

60�32

8

Cirac,

JuanIgnacio

MaxPlanck

Institute

of

Quantum

Optics

Physica

lReview

Letters

345

23034

77

0�36

16

16

38

0�13

2

Corm

a,Avelino

UniversidadPolitecn

ica

deValencia

JournalofCatalysis

697

27360

76

0�37

927

717

0�25

3

Dai,Hongjie

Stanford

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

232

47567

97

0�54

77

69

17

0�44

7

Dress

elhaus,

MildredS.

Massach

use

ttsInstitute

ofTech

nology

Physica

lReview

B621

31045

84

0�42

312

33

22

0�28

4

Ellis,Richard

S.

California

Institute

of

Tech

nology

Astrophysica

lJournalLetters

292

29354

83

0�41

14

565

0�05

0

El-Sayed,Mostafa

A.

Georgia

Institute

of

Tech

nology

JournalofPhysica

l

ChemistryB

270

25850

68

0�34

62

50

20�33

3

Fabian,Andrew

C.

Institute

ofAstronomy

Monthly

Notice

softheRoyal

AstronomicalSociety

566

20316

78

0�35

110

14

28

0�16

2

Filippenko

,AlexeiV.


at

Berkeley

Astrophysica

lJournalLetters

410

33824

70

0�39

22

141

0�02

7

Forrest,StephenR.


AppliedPhysics

Letters

421

36148

90

0�46

87

55

22

0�34

5

Frech

et,JeanM.J.


at

Berkeley

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

499

30320

93

0�44

83

59

23

0�32

7

Frenk,

CarlosS.

UniversityofDurham

Monthly

Notice

softheRoyal

AstronomicalSociety

237

27510

74

0�37

31

751

0�05

1

Friend,Richard

H.


SyntheticMetals

512

36277

87

0�45

91

40

38

0�23

8

Fuku

gita,Masa

taka

UniversityofToky

oNuclearPhysics

B326

38807

80

0�44

94

169

0�03

0



Table

2Continued

Researcher

Institution

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Geim

,Andre

K.

UniversityofManch

ester

Physica

lReview

B170

33560

50

0�32

67

17

14

0�20

6

Gratzel,Michael

Eco

lePolytech

nique

Federale

deLausa

nne

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

516

46641

109

0�58

011

77

31

0�42

9

Grubbs,

Robert

H.

California

Institute

of

Tech

nology

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

314

30947

82

0�41

63

56

80�36

6

Gunn,JamesE.

Prince

tonUniversity

AstronomicalJournal

191

28182

83

0�40

61

172

0�01

1

Hartwig,JohnF.

UniversityofIllinois

at

Urbana-Champaign

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

255

20003

81

0�35

910

47

70�31

9

Hawke

r,Craig

J.


at

Santa

Barbara

Macromolecu

les

360

22013

80

0�36

511

27

30

0�20

4

Heeger,AlanJ.


at

Santa

Barbara

SyntheticMetals

432

26444

79

0�38

45

41

16

0�28

5

Ivezic,

� Zeljko

UniversityofWash

ington

AstronomicalJournal

245

27959

87

0�41

76

270

0�04

3

Jain,AnilK.

MichiganState

University

Lecture

Notesin

Computer

Science

616

25607

73

0�36

122

20

12

0�28

1

Knapp,GillianR.

Prince

tonUniversity

AstronomicalJournal

185

22254

76

0�35

41

262

0�01

6

Kresse,Georg

UniversityofVienna

Physica

lReview

B247

38561

62

0�39

07

715

0�18

8

Lieber,CharlesM.

Harvard

University

NanoLetters

242

55770

106

0�61

62

99

90�56

6

Lupton,Robert

H.

Prince

tonUniversity

AstronomicalJournal

191

26451

83

0�39

71

273

0�01

6

Marks,

Tobin

J.

Northwestern

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

535

22803

82

0�37

60

55

10

0�31

8

Matyjaszewsk

i,Krzysztof

Carnegie

Mellon

University

Macromolecu

les

728

41357

106

0�54

530

68

10

0�49

4

Meijer,

E.W

.(Bert)

EindhovenUniversityof

Tech

nology

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

485

25229

77

0�37

20

37

14

0�27

0

Mirkin,ChadA.

Northwestern

University

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

437

41590

90

0�49

43

57

21

0�36

6

Mohwald,Helm

uth

MaxPlanck

Institute

of

ColloidsandInterface

s

Langmuir

602

23077

77

0�36

10

40

14

0�26

7

Mullen,Klaus

MaxPlanck

Institute

for

PolymerRese

arch

JournaloftheAmerica

n

ChemicalSociety

1082

33757

82

0�43

00

35

27

0�24

3

Sch

legel,David

J.

Lawrence

Berkeley

NationalLaboratory

AstronomicalJournal

153

29112

73

0�37

81

262

0�01

7

Sch

neider,Donald

P.

Pennsy

lvania

State

University

AstronomicalJournal

543

39877

104

0�53

14

799

0�05

3



Table

2Continued

Researcher

Institution

Journal

#papers

#cites

hscore

#FS100

#L100

#M100

AAS

Sch

wartz,

StephenM.

Yesh

ivaUniversity

JournalofAgricu

lturalandFood

Chemistry

754

22126

76

0�35

311

10

26

0�15

8

Smalley,Richard

E.

DECEASED

(Rice

University)

ChemicalPhysics

Letters

198

42029

86

0�48

40

52

31

0�30

3

Spek,

AnthonyL.

Utrech

tUniversity

Organometallics

821

29539

58

0�33

22

413

0�10

5

Stanley,H.Eugene

BostonUniversity

Physica

lReview

E538

24989

77

0�37

12

43

10

0�30

3

Stoddart,J.Frase

rNorthwestern

University

JournaloftheAmerica

nChemical

Society

532

32499

90

0�44

93

37

38

0�23

0

Strauss

,MichaelA.

Prince

tonUniversity

AstronomicalJournal

248

26376

81

0�39

02

463

0�03

4

Stucky,GalenD.


at

Santa

Barbara


405

36208

88

0�46

10

46

30

0�27

9

Tanaka

,Keiji

HokkaidoUniversity

PolymerPreprints

839

25320

75

0�36

64

11

36

0�10

8

Toku

ra,Yosh

inori

UniversityofToky

oPhysica

lReview

B726

35352

89

0�46

06

57

16

0�36

7

Tour,JamesM.

RiceUniversity

JournaloftheAmerica

nChemical

Society

368

25654

71

0�35

54

30

15

0�24

6

Truhlar,Donald

G.

UniversityofMinneso

taJournalofChemicalPhysics

482

24567

78

0�37

23

52

10�36

5

Wang,Jose

ph

Arizo

naState

University

Electroanalysis

305

19374

79

0�34

940

24

0�31

9

Wang,ZhongLin

Georgia

Institute

of

Tech

nology

NanoLetters

482

35057

97

0�48

520

57

17

0�39

7

White,Sim

onD.M.

MaxPlanck

Institute

for

Astrophysics

Monthly

Notice

softheRoyal

AstronomicalSociety

263

30300

76

0�39

40

25

36

0�16

1

Whitesides,

GeorgeM.

Harvard

University

JournaloftheAmerica

nChemical

Society

668

64091

123

0�71

28

123

23

0�60

5

Willner,Itamar

Hebrew

Universityof

Jerusa

lem

JournaloftheAmerica

nChemical

Society

426

23424

81

0�37

614

40

60�33

8

Xia,Younan

Wash

ingtonUniversity

St.Louis

Advance

dMaterials

493

48473

115

0�60

917

96

17

0�52

9

Yaghi,OmarM.


at

LosAngeles

JournaloftheAmerica

nChemical

Society

168

36705

79

0�43

56

54

50�40

2

Yang,Peidong


at

Berkeley

NanoLetters

258

44363

96

0�52

711

58

25

0�38

7

York,Donald

G.

UniversityofChicago

Astrophysica

lJournalLetters

321

29079

85

0�41

60

55

22

0�29

7

Zhao,Dongyuan

FudanUniversity


435

27229

74

0�37

28

31

16

0�26

4

AbbreviationsasperTable

1.



work, we limit this exercise to MeSH terms that appear in at

least 10% of the author’s articles. MeSH terms for the

researchers of Table 1 appear in the longer online version of

Table 1 (http://www.mapofscience.com/?page_id=761) for

the whole period 1996–2011 and also limited to 2005–2011.

MeSH terms are not provided for the researchers in Table 2,

because MeSH coverage of nonbiomedical sciences is relatively

sparse and most researchers would not be adequately repre-

sented by the minority of their papers indexed also in PubMed.

Limitations and caveats

Due to the above-mentioned issues associated with the author

identity problem, we are well aware that not all of the author

records for those listed in Tables 1 and 2 are completely accu-

rate. Scopus author profiles are also subject to change over time

as Elsevier improves assignment algorithms and responds to

author requests for changes. Despite the lack of total accuracy,

the methodology used is sufficient for our purposes of identi-

fying a set of highly influential biomedical authors. By choosing

researchers with the highest total citation counts and/or

h-indexes, even if some of those researcher profiles contain a

few papers from other researchers with the same name, this

does not diminish the fact that these are highly influential

researchers.

We are also well aware that many researchers have pub-

lished highly significant works prior to 1996. This is an inherent

limitation to Scopus data. However, using this common time

window of 1996–2011 reduces the effect of age and offers a

more level ground for comparing productivity and impact over

a similar period of time. Scientists whose key work was pub-

lished exclusively or predominantly before 1996 are not cap-

tured in our list. Relatively, young scientists may also be at a

disadvantage because they may not have reached full produc-

tivity by 1996 and very young scientists who started publishing

late in the 1996–2011 window are at a major disadvantage.

Nevertheless, the selected window captures highly influential

scientists with a wide range of ages, most of whom are still

highly active and relevant for the current evolution of science.

The total citation counts and h-indexes listed in Tables 1 and 2

are of course lower than those that can be calculated from

sources that include materials from before 1996, such as Google

Scholar or the Web of Science. Table 3 shows comparatively

data on the h-index of a sample of highly cited authors from

Scopus including papers published before 1996 and Google

Scholar – the h-indices have been updated to August 2013. As

shown, when all years are considered Scopus h-indices increase

modestly, while Google Scholar h-indices can be substantially

higher. However, the relative ranking of scientists is not

affected substantially (rank correlation coefficients 0�89 for

Scopus 1996–2011 vs. Scopus all years, 0�80 for Scopus 1996–

2011 vs. Google Scholar, and 0�96 for Scopus all years vs.

Google Scholar, P < 0�001 for all).

We also note that while both total citation counts and h-index

were used in the normalized score, total citation counts are

more highly skewed than h-index values. Thus, the h-index

typically accounted for greater than 50% of the normalized

score for a researcher.

Finally, the normalized scores that we used did not account

for multiple authorship of papers and for author position and

relative contributions in each paper. The final columns in

Tables 1 and 2 provide some additional insight into authorship

aspects. Three columns show the numbers of papers with at

least 100 citations split by author position. First and single

authored papers are counted together (#FS100), while last and

middle authored papers are considered separately (#L100 and

#M100, respectively). Exact contributions are not listed in many

Table 3 Comparative data on h-index for a sample of highlyinfluential researchers calculated with different databases

Name

h-index per

Table 1

h-index per

Scopus

(all years)

h-index

per Google

Scholar

Braunwald, Eugene 109 142 214

Croce, Carlo M. 104 130 168

Grundy, Scott M. 93 123 154

Ferrara, Napoleone 88 120 139

Mantovani, Alberto 91 119 144

Miller, Webb 58 67 81

Schwartz, Michael W. 88* 84* 95

Bouter, Lex M. 88 104 130

Holgate, Stephen T. 84 107 127

Kadowaki, Takashi 80 96 120

Gibbs, Richard A. 61 78 86

Buchler, Markus W. 76 83 102

Schomig, Albert 79 89 105

Hood, Leroy 71 96 146

Ioannidis, John P. A. 78 90 105

Paulsen, Ian T. 73 84 90

Hicklin, Daniel J. 77 83 85

Wolmark, Norman 65 88 107

Durbin, Richard 59 77 88

Holman, Rury R. 59 60 73

*Some problems noted with attribution of papers in the Scopus author

identifier (communication with author).



papers and are difficult to quantify with a single simple metric.

To attempt to account for authorship patterns and to show how

different metrics can change relative rankings, the final column

in Tables 1 and 2 shows an authorship-adjusted score (AAS)

calculated as the normalized score times the proportion of

papers cited 100 times or more that are first, single or last

authored papers (pFSL). The rank correlation coefficient is

0�106 (P = 0�033) between total citations and pFSL, 0�012(P = 0�81) between h-index and pFLS, suggesting that citation

indices and authorship positions are almost totally orthogonal.

Eventually, the rank correlation coefficient is 0�42 (P < 0�001)between the normalized score and AAS.

The sortable online version of Table 1 (http://www.mapof-

science.com/?page_id=761) also contains information on the

proportion of papers of each author that is categorized in each

of 4 levels of research (applied to basic), as well as the dominant

type for each scientist. Research levels were first used in 1976

by Narin et al. [11] when they classified biomedical journals

into four types: (i) clinical observation, (ii) clinical mix, (iii)

clinical observation and (iv) basic research. Machine learning

was recently used to train a classifier on title and abstract words

using journal research level data. This classifier was then used

to assign research levels to individual articles [12]. It is those

research level assignments that are used to populate Table 1.

All metrics and descriptors in Tables 1 and 2 are based on the

time period 1996–2011.

Comparison with other lists of highly citedscientists

Thomson Reuters generates lists of the top 1% highly cited

scientists for 21 different fields based on total citation counts

for articles belonging to each field (in the module Essential

Science Indicators) and it also used to generate lists of the 300

most-cited scientists in each of these fields, but the latter option

is no longer updated. Other focused lists have been published

from time-to-time in various fields [13,14]. While division per

field causes more granularity and adjusts for potential differ-

ences in citation density per field, scientists who work in sev-

eral of these more granular fields are at a major disadvantage

vs. scientists concentrated in a more narrow focus. Moreover,

the Thomson Reuters classification uses only total citations,

while our score incorporates also the h-index that may be more

appropriate.

Microsoft Academic Search also allows generating of lists of

scientists in distinct fields and also in even more narrow sub-

fields based on total citations or h-index, but not on a combined

score. Moreover, the inclusion of papers and the respective

citation data for biomedical sciences are still more limited in

Microsoft Academic Search than in Scopus.

None of the previously developed lists has accounted for

multiple authorship and author contributions. Moreover, they

have not provided information on dominant/specific MeSH

terms that may provide more accurate information on the focus

of each scientist’s work.

Potential uses

The list of highly influential researchers was developed so as to

identify a reproducible set of researchers with high citation

metrics. We are currently using this list in an ongoing survey of

these scientists regarding what features of scientific papers

define major impact. The list may be used in additional surveys

pertaining to issues where these scientists are likely to offer a

highly knowledgeable viewpoint, for example issues of fund-

ing, conduct and reporting of scientific research. Lists of influ-

ential researchers may also be a resource for identifying

suitable scientists for leadership, advisory and reviewer posi-

tions. Finally, impact metrics may be used for funding deci-

sions based on appraisal of investigator excellence instead of or

in addition to specific grant proposals [15]. We see the gener-

ated list as a resource that can be used creatively by other

interested investigators for very diverse purposes and we

welcome suggestions for improvements.

AddressSciTech Strategies, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA

(K. W. Boyack); SciTech Strategies, Inc., Berwyn, PA 19312,

USA (R. Klavans); Temple University School of Medicine,

Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA (A. A. Sorensen); Stanford

University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

(J. P. A. Ioannidis).

Correspondence to: John P.A. Ioannidis, MD, DSc, 1265 Welch

Road, Medical School Office Building, Room X306, Stanford,

CA 94305, USA. Tel.: 650-7236147; fax: 650-7256247;

e-mail: [email protected]

Received 29 August 2013; accepted 29 August 2013

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