A Introduction to Caodaism

8/14/2019 A Introduction to Caodaism

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INTRODUCTIONAN

CAODAISMTO

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SMITHB.RALPHPROFESSOR



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ProfessorSMITHB.RALPH

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5SMITHB.RALPHPROFESSORCAODAISMTOINTRODUCTIONAN4

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19702,PartXXXIIIVol.BULLETIN

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SMITHB.R.By

IPARTofhistorymoderntheinphenomenaFew

bymisunderstoodcompletelyso beenhavecanAsia

political)(andreligionsVietnamesetheasWesterners

Caoda-aslanguagesEuropeaninknownmovement

inreligion,toapproachsyncreticauponBasedism.

hasitspirit-seances, byplayedisrolekeyawhich

withwritersChristian byregarded beeninevitably

occidentalascontempt)not(ifsuspicionsamethecom-issympathyoflackinitialthisandspiritualism;

havewhospiritsthethatfactthe bypounded

suchincludeseancesCaodaistatthemselvesrevealed

d’Arc. JeanneandHugoVictorasfiguresfamiliar

Caodaiststheoftempleshow-piecetheisthereThen

Tat ˆ Greene´sGrahamMr.forthdrewwhichay-Ninh,

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periodthetorelate branchesMinhthetoreferencessuggesttoseemneverthelessthey1919:aboutafter

alreadythereemergedfirstCaodaismwhenthat

doc-itsofsomewhichinsectsofnumberaexisted

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direction.thatinpointtoseemswhichuNgˆ ChiMinho ˆ inSaigontoreturnhisfollowingeu,

intempleaattimeofdealgoodaspent1924, -Da-Kao

Ngthecalledcity)theofsuburb(a .oc-Hoang--Di .en

in built beenhadtempleThatPalace.Emperor Jade

called businessmanChinesea by1900-6,yearsthe

L˛

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Caodaism?ofrootsreal

NOTES:

(PenguinAmericanquietTheGreene,Graham[1]

81.1962),Books,Viet-ofsectspolitical-religiousTheFall,B.B.[2]

235-53]1955,3,XXVIII,Affairs,PacificNam,

Gobron,G.isworkstheseof best-knownThe[3]

transla-(English1948Paris,Caodasme,duHistoire

stated,otherwisewhereexcept1950);Saigon?,tion,

whichversion,Englishtheto bewillherereferences

importantanomits butmaterialadditionalincludes

NguyalsoSeechapter] ˆ HTrungen . Lau,˛

u˛

. soc˛

˛

u -D .aoCao -D` Vietnamese,(inCaodaismofhistoryshortAai:

1956]Tourane,English),andFrench,

[4] -Dˆ Tong ˆ Lan, .ich-s˛

˛

Caou -D` Ph1.ai, ˆ Van ˆ Vi,o

aspagessubsequentintoreferred[1967,Saigon,

L.ich-s˛

˛

TiAnon],u; ˆ˛

seu˛

˛

u -D˛´ Giuc ´ Tao ˆ Nguyong, ˆen

Ng . Toc˛

u˛

subsequentlytoreferred1958,Saigon,ong,

NNT]as

dAn.,IIIeCaodaque,Revue[5] ´ this1950;ecembrefromdistinguishedcarefully beshouldperiodical

1930]aroundyearstheinpublishedCaodaste,Revue

citedisit butlatter,theofcopiesanyseennothaveI

6n.(seeVIIContribution,inandcit.,op]Gobron,in

below).

Gouvernement-G[6] en´ Con-l’Indochine,deeral

tribution ` depolitiquesmouvementsdesl’histoirea

1934,Hanoi,Caodasme,LeVII]francaise,l’Indochine

VII]Contribution,assubsequentlytoreferred

1964,Yale,Vietnam,inVillageHickey,C.G.[7]

290-4.66-73,

[8] ´ Gobron,1926;November19Annamite,Echo

29.cit.,op.

33-4.VII,Contribution,[9]

DLa[10] epˆ August30and28d’Indochine,eche1930.


inlifehisofaccountfullveryaisThere[12]-Dˆong-Tˆ Lan, .ich-s

˛

˛

u]

L[13] .ich-s˛

˛

ff.53u,

mentionedalsoisepisodethisff.;66ibid.,[14]

Nguyin briefly ˆ HTrungen . 7-8.cit.,op]au,




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˛

Nguy82-92;u, ˆ Ngen . Toc˛

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notisongis1925inlateconversionhis butthere,mentioned

13]NNT, byindicated

5-6.NNT,[16]

13.ibid.,[17]

L[18] .ich-s˛

˛

thistorefers20-1,Gobron,ff.;88u,

names]mentioningwithoutgroup

PhofaccountfullestThe[19] . Cam ˆ Tong ˘ earlyac´s

87-90]VII,Contribution,iniscareerLOn[20] ˆ Ve ˘ also27-32;ibid.,seeTrung,an

ff.26Gobron,

L[21] .ich-s˛

˛

91.u,

26-7;Gobron,and29-31,VII,Contribution,[22]

inmaterialonpoint,thisat based,seemwouldit both

315.p.3,no]Caodaste,Revue

L[23].ich-s

˛

˛

91.u,

81.VII,Contribution,[24]

L[25] .ich-s˛

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theresignatories;actualtheoflistfullaandletterthis

nothaveI butadepts,247oflistadditionalanwas

VII,Contribution,Cf]names,theirofrecordandseen

ofrecognitionformalnothatnotedisitwhere81,32,

Caodaistdespitetime,thisatgivenwasCaodaism

claims]349.p.infra,cf.151;Gobron,[26]

27.Gobron,[27]

L[28] .ich-s˛

˛

ff.129u,

[29] ´ Indo-PresseLa1927; June13Annamite,Echo

Monri-editorthe by(comment1928 June9chinoise,

L’Opinion)]inarticleanon bot

T80-1.VII,Contribution,[30] ˆ controlleday-Ninh

th100 anh-thˆ notisit but1932,in128and1931,inataretimethatatoratoriesdissidentwhetherclear

totals]thesefromexcluded

28.Gobron,[31]


sec-wholeaff.:98edition),(FrenchGobron[33]

thewithinschismstorelatingedition,thisoftion

inomittedwas1928-31,periodtheduringmovement

beonlycanwhichreasonsforversion,Englishthe20]NNT,alsoCf.guessed]

aciting1928, June9Indochinoise,PresseLa[34]

referredFrenchmenTheL’Opinion]inarticlerecent

whoLesage,Lieut.andLarclauzedeCaptainwereto

Tonattackaninkilledwere ˆ Cambo-2,000 byay-Ninh

AbrSchreiner,A]1866; Juneindians eg´ l’histoiredee

277.1906,Saigon,d’Annam,

35-7.VII,Contribution.[35]

lasousL’IndochineVanlande,R. bye.g.[36]

anFor118-19]1930,Paris,communiste,menace

betweenCochinchina,indisturbancestheofaccount

Gouvernement-see1931,Marchand1930May

Gen´ Contributionl’Indochine,deeral ` desl’histoirea

IV,francaise,l’Indochinedepolitiquesmouvements

1934]Hanoi,[37] ´ 1930.May23Annamite,Echo

slightlyaisThereff.98ed.),(FrenchGobron[38]

sayswhich292-3,cit.,op]Hickey,inaccountdifferent

TleftCathat ˆ spirit-areceivingafter[1931inay-Ninh

wenthethatandsodotohiminstructingmessage

Rtofirst .ach-Gi´ Matsettling beforea ˜ 1932]iny-Tho

fromcamepresumablyinformationHickey´s




KhatinterviewedheCaodaists anh-H . (Tau ˆ pro-an-AnMthewherevince), ˜ inmemberssomehadsecty-Tho

1958]

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September1datedreproduced,thereisdirection

1931]


90-1.86-7,ibid.,[41]Cao-Revuecf.ff.;101ed.),(FrenchGobron[42]

dAn.,IIIedaque, ´ 93-107]1950,ecembre


dAn.,IIIeCaodaque,Revue92;ibid.,[44] ecembre

67-92.1950,

31.NNT,93;VII,Contribution,[45]

100.94,VII,Contribution,[46]

32-4.NNT,[47]

37.34,ibid.,[48]

41-5.ibid.,[49]

48.ibid.,[50]

71-2.Gobron,[51]

74.ibid.,[52]

TitheofaccountonlyThe[53] en-Thiˆ secten

theisexistenceitsnotemerelythanmoredoeswhichNguyonnotice biographical ˆ Ben

˛

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Gia-nay, -D. 196-9]1965,inh,

Nguy[54] ˆ HTrungen . 20.cit.,op.au,

TiThe293-4.cit.,op.Hickey,[55] en-Thiˆ secten

thewithcloselyco-operatedhavetoappears

members,leadingitsofone1960:sinceCommunistsNguyˆ Ven ˘ Ngan ˆ ofCommitteeCentraltheonsatoi,

ViSouthofLiberationtheforFrontNationalthe .et-

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429.1966,Mass],Cambridge,Cong,

Nguy[56] ˆ HTrungen . Cao-Revue20;cit.,op.au,

dAn.,IIIedaque, ´ 67-92]1950,ecembre

122Coulet,(e.g.sourcessometoAccording[57]

isthisinfra),cf.ff., -D .ao-L` meanwouldwhichanh,a(e.g]otherstoaccording butGood;theofReligion

SofAdministrateurthe byreport oc-Tr˘ it1883)inang

beshould -D .ao-L˜ theofWaymeanmightwhichanh,

Leader]

LesCoulet,G.315;cit.,op.Schreiner,A.[58]

soci´ secrete´s ` 1221926,Saigon,dAnnam,terreenetes

ff]

TrPhan[59]˛

u˛` Mong . Cao-salutduvoieLaanh,

[48-9]1950,Saigon,daque,

48.ibid.,[60]

L[61] .ich-s˛

˛

339.p.supra,cf.57.;u,

151.Gobron,[62]

35.n.340,p.supra,[63]

ff.108Gobron,[64]

V[65]˛

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Hong ˆ Song ˆ

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l’EmpereurdePagodeLaen, Jadede ` de(Bull.DocumentsetNotesDakao,a

Part26.1963, janvierFrance),Viet-Naml’Association

col-was basedisarticlethiswhichonmaterialtheof

the byfinanced1967,inSaigontovisitaduringlected

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19703,PartXXXIIIVol.BULLETIN

THEOF

ORIENTALOFSCHOOL

STUDIESAFRICANAND

LONDONOFUNIVERSITY

byPublished

OFSCHOOLTHE

STUDIESAFRICANANDORIENTAL

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theofproductdirectathereforenotwasIt[56]south.Nam-Tiˆ which byVietnamese,theofmovementen

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innotIfnumbers.considerableincomingwerethey

itdatelatersomeatthencentury,seventeenththe

syncretictheintroducedChinesethethatseemwould

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GLOSSARY

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NOTES:

335-49.1970,2,XXXIII,BSOAS,seeIpartFor[1]

conversationstoindebtedmuchveryamI[2]forSasoMichaelMr.andTopleyMarjorieDr.with

article;presenttheinupfollowedideastheofseveral

responsibleheld beshouldhowever,them,ofneither

wheresaveherein,statementparticularanyfor

errors.anyforlessstillacknowledged;directly

merelyhereused bewillspiritismwordThe[3]

withspiritists,Frenchthe bypreferredwasit because

(andcontactsclosermuchhadCaodaiststhewhom

spiritualists.AngloSagonwiththancommon)inmore

OeuvresRivail),D.H.(L.KardecAllancf.[4]

biographicalaincludeswhich1912,Paris,posthumes,

and1869;maiSpirite,Revuefromreprintedmemoir

book,spirits’TheRivail),D.H.(L.KardecAllan

Blackwell,Anna byintroductionanwithtranslated

1875.London,

ofsystemreligiousTheGroot,deM. J. J.[5]

1310.VI,1964,Taipei,repr.,China,

incultsspirit-mediumChineseElliott,A. J.A.[6]

140-5.1955,London,Singapore,

transla-Englishscholars,TheChing-tzu,Wu[7]

ff.1261964,Peking,tion,

sUneGrootaers,A.W.[8] ´ spiritismedeeance

secrreligionunedans ete ` Pa ´ M1948eneking elanges92-8.1948-51,IX,Bouddhiques,etChinois

e.g.see,terms,VietnamesetheseallFor[9]-Dông-Tˆ Lan, .ich-s

˛

˛

Cao-u -D` PhI.ai, ˆ Van ˆ Saigon,o-vi,

Lassubsequentlytoreferred1967, .ich-s˛

˛

ff.53u,

ff.12953,ibid.,[10]

Hu[11] ` Cynh-Minh, ân-Th˛

xo˛

vua ` Gia-nay,a -D.inh,

222.1966,

TrPhan[12]˛

u˛

` Mong . cao-salutduvoieLaanh,48.1950,Saigon,daque,

L[13] .ich-s˛

˛

57.u,

Cao-ofphilosophyandHistoryGobron,G.[14]

124.135,1950,Saigon,daism,

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˛

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Contributionl’Indochine, ` mouve-desl’histoirea

Hanoi,VII,francaise,l’Indochinedepolitiquesments

VII,Contribution,assubsequentlytoreferred1934,

54-5.

VII,Contribution,ff.;5146,cit.,op.Gobron,[16]

58-9.

576.p.supra,cf.[17]

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ff.3126,cit.,op.Gobron,[19]

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PoLiofcareerandpoetryTheWaley,Arthur[21]

29-31.7,1950,London,(701-762),

TrPhan[22]˛

u˛` Mong . 101-4.salut,duvoieLaanh,

L[23] . sich˛

˛

58.43,u,


19.cit.,op.Gobron,[25]

L[26] .ich-s˛

˛

ff.59u,21.cit.,op.Gobron,[27]

Nguy[28] ˆ HTrungen . Lau,˛

u˛

. soc˛

˛

u -D . Caoao -D` Aai:

The8.1956,Tourane,Caodaism,ofhistoryshort

viword ˆ ChinesetheofformVietnamesethehereiset

namely.say,tomeaningyueh,

L[29] .ich-s˛

˛

349.1970,2,XXXIII,BSOAS,cf.81-2;u,

341.1970,2,XXXIII,BSOAS,cf.[30]

TrPhan[31]˛

u˛

` Mong . it50-8;salut,duvoieLaanh,ofpatternthefoundTopleyDr.thatnoticingworthis

Singapore,instudiedshesectstheinBuddhasthree

BSOAS,Amitabha,ofplaceinDipankarawith but

371.1963,2,XXVI,

NewVietnam,inVillageHickey,C.G.[32]

71.69,1964,Haven,

aboutinformationandcomparison,thisFor[33]

toindebtedamI(Tam-Thanh),Ch’ingSanTaoistthe

Saso.Mr.

dAn.,eIIICaodaque,Revue[34] ´ 1950,ecembre

67-92.

Nguy[35] ˆ HTrungen . 10-11.cit.,op.au,

socialandorganizationTheTopley,D.M.[36]

Singaporeinchai-tangwomen’sChineseoffunction

London,ofUniversitythesis,Ph.D.(unpublished

131.1958),

Nguy[37] ˆ HTrungen . 17-19.cit.,op.au,

ff.153cit.,op.Gobron,[38]

Ti[39] ˆ˛

eu-s˛

˛

u -D˛´ Giuc ao-Tˆ Nguyong ˆ Ngen .oc

T˛

u˛

assubsequentlytoreferred1958,Saigon,ong,

ff.19NNT,

1961,4,CXX,Magazine,GeographicNational[40]

464-5.Nguy[41] ˆ HTrungen . 18.cit.,op.au,

154.cit.,op.Gobron,[42]

Ngtheto belongedhe19;NNT,[43] . division.oc


156-7.cit.,op.Gobron,[45]

157-8.ibid.,[46]


71.cit.,op.Gobron,[48]31.NNT,[49]

TaoofpointsImportantShuang,SuHou[50]

Dr.togratefulamI1932;Singapore,glance,aatYuan

source.thistoattentionmydrawingforTopley

FormerofWayGreatTheTopley,Marjorie[51]

sects,religioussecretChineseofgroupaHeaven:

treatedissubjectthe362-92;1963,2,XXVI,BSOAS,

p.above,citedthesisunpublishedherinfullymore

36.n.581,

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religiousandSectarianismGroot,deM. J.J.[53]

vi-vii.ch.I,1963,Taipei,repr.,China,inpersecution

rebelChineseinthemesSomeMuramatsu,Y.[54]

ConfucianThe(ed.),WrightF.A.inideologies,




246-8.1960,Stanford,persuasion,

ideo-rebelChineseSomeShih,C.Y.Vincent[55]

150-226.1956,1-3,XLIV,T’oung-Pao,logies,

Nguy[56] ˆ HTrungen . atdealsff.,21cit.,op.au,

Caodaismestablishtomissionthewithlengthsome

Vicentralin . wereThereonwards.1937fromet-Nam

HinCaodaistsfewaalso˛

Phai ` Hpossiblyandong a

N .oi.

panthetTechniqueDurand,M.[57] ´ deseonm´ 1959.Paris,vietnamiennes,ediums

348-9.1970,2,XXXIII,BSOAS,cf.[58]

relative.atoAccording[59]

A Introduction to Caodaism

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