A House A House DividedDivided

The Nation Breaking The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)Apart (1820-1860)

Sectionalism and Sectionalism and CompromiseCompromise

North was based on North was based on industry and small, white industry and small, white farmersfarmers

South relied on plantation South relied on plantation agriculture, slave labor as agriculture, slave labor as well as farmerswell as farmers

Compromise used to settle Compromise used to settle differencesdifferences

Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise

Created in 1820 to Created in 1820 to determine future expansion determine future expansion of slaveryof slavery

Missouri entered Union as Missouri entered Union as slave stateslave state

Maine’s statehood kept the Maine’s statehood kept the balance between free and balance between free and slave states in Senate slave states in Senate

Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise

Compromise stated that 36º Compromise stated that 36º 30’ N. latitude would be the 30’ N. latitude would be the dividing line of slavery dividing line of slavery expansion west into expansion west into territoriesterritories

Areas south of line would Areas south of line would have slavery while those have slavery while those north would notnorth would not

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Needed to organize new land Needed to organize new land

from Mexicofrom Mexico Proposed by Henry Clay and Proposed by Henry Clay and

included 4 major points:included 4 major points: Slavery not excluded from Slavery not excluded from

Utah and New Mexico Utah and New Mexico territories, voters would territories, voters would decide issuedecide issue

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free California admitted as free

statestate Strict Fugitive Slave Law Strict Fugitive Slave Law

passedpassed Slave trade abolished in Slave trade abolished in

District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia Each item passed as separate Each item passed as separate

billbill

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Included in Compromise of Included in Compromise of

18501850 Southern states wanted Southern states wanted

Northern support in returning Northern support in returning slavesslaves

Northerners had been using Northerners had been using Underground Railroad to help Underground Railroad to help escaped slaves get to Canadaescaped slaves get to Canada

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Law said all citizens had to help Law said all citizens had to help

catch and return runaway slavescatch and return runaway slaves Brutally enforced by slaveownersBrutally enforced by slaveowners Southerners saw law as Southerners saw law as

important to nationimportant to nation Hated and avoided by many in Hated and avoided by many in

NorthNorth

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct Created in 1854 to pave way Created in 1854 to pave way

for transcontinental railroadfor transcontinental railroad Repealed Missouri Repealed Missouri

Compromise and used Compromise and used popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty Idea promoted by Stephen Idea promoted by Stephen Douglas that citizens could Douglas that citizens could determine their own destinydetermine their own destiny

Passed with Southern Passed with Southern support because of support because of possibility of slaverypossibility of slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct

Northerners against act Northerners against act formed Republican Partyformed Republican Party

Settlers fought over slavery Settlers fought over slavery in Kansas causing in Kansas causing “Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Two governments struggled Two governments struggled for control of the statefor control of the state

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Scott, a slave, brought by Scott, a slave, brought by

master to Illinois and Wisconsinmaster to Illinois and Wisconsin Sued for freedom since he had Sued for freedom since he had

been in free state and territorybeen in free state and territory Supreme Court ruled in 1857 Supreme Court ruled in 1857

that Scott was not a citizen and that Scott was not a citizen and was still a slavewas still a slave

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Court also ruled that Court also ruled that

Congress could not Congress could not determine slavery in determine slavery in territoriesterritories

Republicans despised Republicans despised decision and sought to gain decision and sought to gain control of Supreme Courtcontrol of Supreme Court

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

Dred ScottDred Scott

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid Brown, who fought in Kansas, Brown, who fought in Kansas,

was an extreme abolitionistwas an extreme abolitionist Wanted to start slave rebellionWanted to start slave rebellion Attacked arsenal at Harper’s Attacked arsenal at Harper’s

Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 to gain weapons for revoltto gain weapons for revolt

Captured after no slaves Captured after no slaves joined himjoined him

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid Brown tried for treason Brown tried for treason

and hangedand hanged Many in North praised Many in North praised

him as herohim as hero Southerners were Southerners were

horrified and wondered horrified and wondered how they could share a how they could share a country with such country with such people.people. John BrownJohn Brown

Election of 1860Election of 1860 Democrats split Democrats split

over slaveryover slavery Northern Dems Northern Dems

wanted popular wanted popular sovereigntysovereignty

Southern Dems Southern Dems wanted protection wanted protection of slavery in of slavery in territoriesterritories

DouglasDouglasBreckinridgeBreckinridge

Election of 1860Election of 1860

Republicans called Republicans called for limiting spread for limiting spread of slavery; NOT of slavery; NOT ending it.ending it.

Constitutional Constitutional Union Party favored Union Party favored compromise and compromise and avoided slaveryavoided slavery

BellBell

LincolnLincoln

Election of 1860Election of 1860

What will happen What will happen now?now?

Southern states scared Lincoln Southern states scared Lincoln will outlaw slaverywill outlaw slavery

High mistrust between North and High mistrust between North and South South

ANSWER Q’s AS 9.5 - SECESSIONANSWER Q’s AS 9.5 - SECESSION If Southern states don’t like If Southern states don’t like

president, what could they do? president, what could they do? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)

Secession – removing Secession – removing from Unionfrom Union

Is secession legal?Is secession legal? Can states just up and leave Can states just up and leave

the Union when they want to?the Union when they want to? What should Lincoln do? What should Lincoln do?

Southern states claim to be new Southern states claim to be new nation (Confederate States of nation (Confederate States of Amer.)Amer.)

New president is Jefferson DavisNew president is Jefferson Davis (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)

What about North What about North Carolina?Carolina?

What should North Carolina What should North Carolina do? Should it secede too?do? Should it secede too?Yes=show support for Yes=show support for neighbor states & protect neighbor states & protect slaveryslavery

No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery not that big of a dealnot that big of a deal

(Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)

Open NC Textbook to Open NC Textbook to p. 333p. 333

Read 1Read 1stst paragraph in paragraph in Reactions in NC out loud Reactions in NC out loud as class with gesturesas class with gestures

Fort SumterFort Sumter Why did NC not secede at Why did NC not secede at

same time as SC? same time as SC? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)

April 12, 1861 – SC troops April 12, 1861 – SC troops attack Fort Sumter in attack Fort Sumter in CharlestonCharlestonRead 2Read 2ndnd paragraph as class paragraph as classRead 3Read 3rdrd paragraph as class paragraph as class

NC secedes to join NC secedes to join CSACSA

What was the final straw that What was the final straw that made NC decide to secede? made NC decide to secede? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)

How was NC unique among How was NC unique among Southern states in the way it Southern states in the way it felt about the war? felt about the war? (Write/Share/Gesture)(Write/Share/Gesture)