A HOAR ODF COINS OF TH WILLIAE CONQUEROM R BNJ/pdfs/1916_BNJ...A Hoard of Coins of William the...

A HOARD OF COINS OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

FOUND IN A TRENCH IN THE WAR AREA.

B Y RAYMOND C. CARLYON-BRITTON .

U R I N G the autumn of 1914, a party of men, whilst engaged in digging a trench, were fortunate enough to discover a hoard of 264 silver pennies.

The site of the find, being only a few feet outside the present boundary wall of a churchyard of considerable antiquity, seems to point to the original owner having hidden his treasure in holy ground as an additional precaution against discovery by unauthorised persons.

The coins were buried at a depth of between 18 inches and 2 feet. The apparent absence of remains of a receptacle of any kind, taken in conjunction with the fine state of preservation of most of the pieces, and the fact of a few of them being bent and slightly blackened, seems to bear out Mr. Andrew's suggestion, made to me, that in all probability the coins were deposited in a linen or leathern bag or wallet.

The outer and lower coins would be bent by the continuous pressure of the earth, and the close proximity to the soil of some of them would account for the blackened condition of these. With but one exception the coins are of the two stars type of William I, being Type V under my father's arrangement of the coinage of this king (Hawkins 238). The excepted piece is a mule of C.-B. IV-V (Hawkins 237-238), struck at Lincoln.

16 A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror.

The following thirty-nine mints are represented in the find :—

Bedford. Gloucester. Maldon. Stamford. Bristol. Guildford. Northampton. Thetford. Cambridge. Hereford. Norwich. Wallingford Canterbury. Hythe. Oxford. Wareham. Chester. Ilchester. Rochester. Warwick. Chichester. Ipswich. Romney. Wilton. Colchester. Launceston. Sandwich. Winchester.

Dorchester ? Lewes. Shaftesbury. Worcester. Dover. Lincoln. Shrewsbury. York. Exeter. London. Southwark.

Five of these mints are hitherto unpublished for this type, that is to say, Chester,Guildford, Hythe, Maldon, and Rochester. Fifteen mints, of which coins are known, were not represented in the find, namely :—Barnstaple, Bath, Cricklade, Derby, Hertford (?), Hunting-don, Leicester, Malmesbury, Marlborough, Pevensey, St. Edmunds-bury, Salisbury, Taunton, Winchcombe, and Yarmouth (?). Fifty-four mints are therefore now known to have issued this type.

I have attributed coins reading h m t v h , h m t i , h m t v ,

a m t , h a m t v i and a m t v h to the Northampton mint, rather than to that of Southampton, upon grounds which I hope to be able to publish at a later date.

The following is a complete list of the coins :

M U L E , T Y P E S I V - V . ( C A R L Y O N - B R I T T O N . )

(Hawkins 237-238.)

Obverse. Reverse.

Crowned, full-faced bust of the King, between sceptre, end pattee, on his right, and sceptre bottonee on his left, within a plain inner circle; legend, within a beaded circle, begins above the crown.

Over a quadrilateral ornament, having a pellet at each angle, a cross bottonee with an annulet in the centre all within a plain inner circle; legend within a beaded circle.

1 A cut halfpenny.

A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror.

Obverse. Reverse.

L I N C O L N .

* P I L E M REX ANCTL | *SI<?VERIB OK LINE

Raymond Carlyon-Britton Collection.

Plate I, 4.

T Y P E V. (CARLYON-BRITTON.)

(Hawkins 238.)

Crowned, full-faced bust of the Over a quadrilateral ornament, having a pellet King, between two stars, all at each angle, a cross bottonee with an within a plain inner circle ; annulet in the centre, all within a plain inner legend, within a beaded circle; legend within a beaded circle, circle, begins above the

The King's crown on these coins shows three varieties: No. 1 (Plate I, 1) would appear to be .the original design, and Nos. 2

(Plate I, 2) and 3 (Plate I, 3) degenerate forms of it, No. 2 omitting the tassels and No. 3 both the tassels and the cap.1 A number showing the form used is added to the description of each coin.

1 My thanks are due to Mr. F. A. Walters, who kindly made the drawings from which the blocks are reproduced.

crown.

N O . 1 . N O . 2 . N O . 3.

c


No. Obverse.1 Reverse.

B E D F O R D . I •fcPILLEM REX AN *SIBRAIID ON BED

Plate I, 2.

B R I S T O L . 2 * P I L L E M REX ANI K E R L ON BRIESI

3 Inner circle beaded. Pellet in first quarter of quadrilateral ornament.

Plate I, s.

3 From same die as No. 2. ffiONRL ON BRIESTO Innei circle beaded.

Plate I, 6.

24 • P I L L E M REX A l l J

* L F O P I N E ON BRIES

Pellet on King's r. shoulder only.

Plate I, 7.

5 * P I L L E M REX AI 2

| SOLFPINE ON BRIE

C A M B R I D G E . 6 • P I L L E M REX ANI * V L F E I L ON (TRAHT

3 Plate I, 8.

C A N T E R B U R Y . 7 • P I L L E R l REX A l l * M A I I ON E A N T

Inner circle beaded. Large pellet in place of annulet in centre.

This coin is of curious rough workmanship, having a crown of different form from any other coin in this list, and the stars on the obverse of five points only, instead of the usual six. The dies may possibly be of local workmanship.

Plate I, 9.

1 The figure following the inscription indicates the type of the King's crown which occurs on the coin.

2 No. 4 is in the Raymond Carlyon-Britton collection.


No. Obverse. Reverse.

CANTERBURY.—Contd.

8 * P I L L E M R E X A N I Q

* M M A N A O N E N

9 O

* P I L L E M R E X A N 2

* M M A N A O N C A N

IQ W I L L E M R E X A N 2

• I E L F R E D O N E N T L

11 4 - P I L L E M R E X A N 3

* I E L F R E D O N E N T L

C H E STER.

1 2 * P I L L E M R E X A N I 0

| * I E L F S I O N L E C E E E

Plate I, 10.

C H I C H E S T E R .

13 * P I L L E I I R E X A N I ^ B R V M A N O N E I E S T


Plate I, X I.

C O L C H E S T E R .

14 * P I L L E M R E X A N * D R M M A N O N E O 14 3 Inner circle beaded.

Inner circle beaded. Plate I, 12.

IS * P I L L E M R E X A I * P V L F P I N E ONTO IS 3 Inner circle beaded.

Inner circle beaded.

16 * P I L L E M R E X A I * P V L F P I N E O N E O L I 3 Inner circle beaded.

17 «I<PILLEM R E X A N I 2

M R M A K O N E O L I


1 8 • P I L L E I I R E X A N 2

* P V L F P I N E O N E O L

c 2



I L L E M R

D O R C H E S T E R (?) (Cut halfpenny.)

| I M A N O D O I Plate II, I.

D O V E R . * P I L L E M R E X A N I

i Inner circle beaded. King

wears necklace. Pellet on left shoulder only.

From same die as No. 20.

* M A N P I N E O N D O F Inner circle beaded.

* M A N P I N E O N D O V F I Inner circle beaded.

Plate I, 1.

E X E T E R . * P I L L E M R E X A N | T S E P O R D O N I E X E E I

Plate II, 2.

G L O U C E S T E R . * P I L L E M R E X A I | * S I L E P I N E O N C L E

Plate II, 3.

G U I L D F O R D . • P I L L E M R E X A N I

1 Pellets on shoulders omitted.

Plate II, 4,

" S S E R I E O N C I L D E F R I

H E R E F O R D . ^ P I L L E M R E X A N

1 Pellet on King's r. shoulder

only. Plate II, 5.

* I E ( ? E L P I N E ON-E

1 No. 21 in the Raymond Carlyon-Britton collection.

C O I N S O F W I L L I A M - T H E - C O N Q U E R O R . P L A T E II .

A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror. 2


HYTHE.

26 fcPILLEM REX A , *EADRIED ON HI 3 ' Inner circle beaded.

Plate II, 6.

27 * P I L L E M REX ANI 2

ILCHESTER.

I *IE<?ELPINE ON G1FI

Plate II, 7.

28

29

30

31

32

*33

IPSWICH.

• P I L L E M REX ANI , fcPVLFPORD ON CTPE 2 ' Inner circle beaded.

Plate II, 8.

* P I L L E M REX ANI 2


* P I I X E M REX ANI 3

* P I L L E M REX ANI 2


*P[VLF]PORD ON G*IP Inner circle beaded.

* L F S T A N ON I <?IPI

• L I F S T A N ON (?IP

LAUNCESTON.

PILLEM REX ANI


Plate II, 9.

*SAS<?TI STEFANII

34

LEWES.

• P I L L E M I REX A N A "i'PINRED ON LIEPII

Plate II, 10.

1 No. 33 is in the Raymond Carlyon-Britton collection.

No.

35

3<5

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49


Obverse. Reverse.

* P I L L E M R E A M I 2

* P I L L E M R E X A N I 2

L I N C O L N .

* V L F O N L I N E O L N E

Plate II, 11.

• A N S P A E O N L I N E

Plate 11, 12.




• P I L L E M R E X A N 2

* S V F R B O N L I N E

• S I C B P E D O N L I N E O

* S I ( ? V E P I B O N L I N

* S I ( ? V E R I B O N L I H E


• P I L L E I M J E X A N 3




• P I L L E M R E X A N

Plate III, 1.

* S I < ? I P E R B O N L K

Plate III, 2.

* P I H T R I E O N L I J E


* P f f i T R I E O N L I N E

* B O R S T A N O N L N

* B V R S T A H O N L I N E

L O N D O N .

• P I L L E M R E X A l l 1



• P I L L E M I R E X A N I 1

• C O D R I E O N L V N D E I Inner circle beaded.

Plate III, 3.

* G » O D R l E O N L V N D E I


C O I N S O F W I L L I A M - T H E - C O N Q U E R O R .

P L A T E III .

A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror. 23


LONDON—Contd.

* P I L L E M R E X A l l 2

* P I L L E M R E X A

* P I L L E M R E X A I 1

• f r P I L L E M R E X A N A


• P I L L E I M R E X A I 2

Two pellets on King's r. shoulder.


<H<<70DRIE O N L V N D E Inner circle beaded. fcG'ODPINE O N L I Large pellet in place of

centre.

* ( ? O D P I N E O N L V I

annulet in

fciTODPINE O N L V I Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* < 7 D P I N E O N L V I Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V I Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* ( ? O D P I N E O N L V E Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre. Plate III, 4.


* P I L L E M R E X A l l

Pellets on shoulders omitted.

* P I L L E M R E X A I



C O D P I N E O N L V N Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.


• C O D P I N E O N L V N Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* ( ? O D P I N E O N L V N Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

From same die as No. .

No.

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror

Obverse. Reverse.

LONDON' * P I L L E M R E X A I

3

* P I L L E M R E X A I N



* P I L L E M R E X A N I 1 2

fcPILLEM R E X A N I 1


* P I L L E M R E X A N

fcPILLEM R E X A I 2

* < P I L L E M R E X A N I 2

* P I L E L M R E X A 3

* P I L L E M R E X A N (?) a



* P I L L E M R E X A N I

4 < P I L L E M R E X A N 2

—Contd. • fr iyODPINE O N L V H Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

S X T O D P I N E O N L V H Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

* ( ? O D P I N E O N L V H Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V H ) Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V N D

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V N D Inner circle beaded.

* ( ? O D P I N E O N L V N I

• f cCODPINE ON L V N I Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V N I Inner circle beaded.

* < ? O D P I N E O N L V N I

• C O D P I O N L V N D

* G * O D P I O N L V N D

fcCODPI O N L V N D

* C Q D P I O N L V N D E Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

* ( ? O D P I O N L V N D E Large pellet in place of annulet

centre.

No.

77

73

79

8o

8i

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

9i

92

A Hoard o Coins of William the Conqueror. 2

Obverse. Reverse.

LONDON—Contd.

Same die as No. 74.


* P I L L E I M R E X A I 3


From same die as Nos. 63 and 65.

Plate III, 5.

* < ? O D P I O N L V N D E

* < ? O D P I O N L V N D E Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* C ? O D P I O N L V N D I

fcCDPI O N L V N D N I

* A I M V N I I ? O N L V N



* P I L L E M R E X A l l 2

* P I L L L M M R E X A I 2

* P I L L E I M I E X A N 2

* < P I L L E I M * E X A N 3

* P I L L E M R E X A I I I 3


W I L L E M R E X A N I 3


• P I L L E M R E X A N I 3

* E D P I O N L V N I

* E D P I O N L V N D E

«i«EDPI O N L V N D I Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre.

* E D P I O N L V N D E I

* E D P I O N L V N D I I E

| J «EDPII O N L V N D

• H E D P I O N L V N D E

* B R I H T R I E O N L V Large pellet in place of annulet in

centre. Inner circle beaded.

* B R I H T R I E O N L V

* B R H T R I E O N L V I From same die as No. .



M A L D O N .

93 * P I L L E M R E X A I 0

| M . I E E O S V N O N M I E L

Plate III, 6.

N O R T H A M P T O N .

94 * P I L L E M R E X A V H J

* S E P I N E O N H M T V N

Pellet on neck. 95 From same die as No. 94. * S E P I N E O N H M T I

96 * P H ( ? L E H R E X A I * S E P I N E O N H M T V 96 Overstruck on Carlyon-Britton I V (Hawkins 237).

97 • P I L L E M R E X A N I 2

* S E P I N E O N H M T V

Pellet on neck. 98 From same die as No. 97. * S E P I N E O N H M T V

99 From same die as No. 97. * S E P I N E O N A M T

100 * P I L L E M R E X A I * S I E P I O N H A M T V I

3 Pellet on neck. Plate I, 3.

101 * P I L L E M R E X A I O

* S E P I O N H A M T V I

102 5

HMPILLEM R E X A N 9

* S E P I O N H A M T V I

103 0

From same die as No. 102. * S E P I O N A M T V N 103 Large pellet at one corner of quadri-

lateral ornament. Cut half-pennies.

104 R E X A N I I * S E I O N I M T 104 From same dies as No. 99.

Plate III, 7.

105 * P I L A N I | * E O N A M T 105 From same dies as Nos. 99 and 104.

A Hoard of Coins of William the Conqueror. 2 7

Obverse. Reverse.

NORTHAMPTON—Contd.

I R E X A N I * S E P I T V I From same die as No. 102. I From same die as No. ioi.

Plate III, 8.

I R E X A N | H A M T V I From same dies as No. 102.

NORWICH.

* P I L L E M R E X A N I P

Pellet on neck.


* ( ? O D R A E I O N O R B P I Inner circle beaded.

Plate III, 9.

Pellet on neck. Pellet over dexter star.


* E D P O L D O N O R B

* E D P O P L D O N O B R

OXFORD.


• P I L L E M R E X A H A 1 I

Plate III, 11.

• I E L F P I O N O X S N E F I

Plate III, 10.

* I E R E ( ? O D N O X S E N

4 - P I L L E M R E X A I


* P V E F P I O N O X I E

* B R I H T R E B O N O X S E

ROCHESTER.

• f r P I L L E M R E X A N I * L I O F P I I I E H O R N O N R F Inner circle beaded. Large pellet in

place of annulet in centre. Plate III, 12.



ROMNEY.

116 • P I L L E M R E X A I I I 1

• I E L M I E R O H R V M E Inner circle beaded. Pellet in fourth

quarter of quadrilateral ornament.

Plate IV, 1.

I I 7 * P I L L E M R E X A H 2

• I E L M I E R O H R V M E Inner circle beaded. Pellet in third

quarter of quadrilateral ornament.

Plate IV, 2.

118 * P I L L E M R E X A H 2

• I E L H I E R O H R V M E

SANDWICH.

119 • I L L E L M R E X A H 3


• I E L F H H O H S A D Inner circle beaded.

120 • P I L L E M R E X A l l 3


* I E L F ( ? I E T O H S E

121 * P I L L E M R E X A I <2

fclELFGIET O H S A H

122 O

* P I L L E M R E X A H I 5

fclELFCTET O H S A H

123 0

From same die as-No. 122. fclELFCTT O H S A H D

Plate IV, 3.

124 * P I L L E M R E X A H I 2

* I E L F < ? T OH S A H D

SHAFTESBURY.

125 * P I L L E M R E X A H | * E I H T P I N E O H S F

Plate IV,

126 • P I L L E M R E X H 2

* < ? O D S B R A H D OH S

C O I N S O F W I L L I A M - T H E - C O N Q U E R O R . P L A T E I V .

No.

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140


Reverse. Obverse.

S H R E W S B U R Y .

* P I L L E M R E X A N I * S E G * R I M O N S E R V B

Plate IV, 5.

S O U T H W A R K .


• L I O I F I N E O N S V B

S T A M F O R D .

* P I L E M R E X A N I 2

* L V F P I N E O N S T A

Plate IV, 6.

From same die as No. 129. I >f<LVFPINE O N S T

T H E T F O R D .

• P I L L E M R E X A I 3

" fcPILLEM R E X A 3




# P I L L E M R E X A 3


• P I L L E M R E X A N I 2



• E I N R I E O N B E T F

* E I N R I E O N B E T F

• f rEINRIE O N B E T F

* E I N R I E O N B E T F I

< * E S B E R N O N B E O T F

* < ? O B R I E O N D E T F

<I<<70DRIE O N B E O T F

* ( ? O D R I E O N B E O T F

• C O D R I E ON B E O T F R Pellet in first quarter of quadrilateral

ornament.

* G * O D R I E O N B T F R I



W A L L I N G F O R D ,

141 • P I L L E M 3

R E X A • B R A N D O N P A L N Inner circle beaded. Large pellet

place of annulet in centre. in

142

143

• P I L L E M 2

From same

R E X

die as

A N I

No. 142.

• B R A N D O N P A L Large pellet in place of annulet

centre. • B R A N D O N P A L I < ?

in

144 • P I L L E M 3

R E X A I • S P I R T L I E O P A L I Large pellet in place of annulet

centre. in

145 • P I L L E M 2

R E X ALL • S P E R T L I E O P A L L I Large pellet in place of annulet

centre. in

W A R E H A M .

146 • P I L L E M R E X A I N I • I E C E L R I E O N P E

Plate IV, 7.

W A R W I C K .

147 • P I L L E M R E X A N I • D M I R E I L O N P I E R

Plate IV, 8.

148 • P I L L E M R E X A N I • L V F I E O N P E R N I E

Plate IV, 9.

149 • P I L L E M 1

R E X A N I • P V L F P I N E O N P E R I E

W I L T O N .

150 • P I L L E M J

R E X AHH • S I E P I O N P I L T V N E

Plate IV, 10.



W I N C H E S T E R .

151 * P I L L E M R E X A N I * A N B E R B O N P I E E S


152 • P I L L E M R E X A N I J

* > A N D R B O D O N P N E

153 * P I L L E M R E X A l l Q

* < T O D P I N E O N P I N E

154 O


* ( ? O D P N E O N P N E E I

iSS fcPILLEM R E X A N A J



Cut half-penny.

156 I L L E L M R *G»OD N E

1 5 7 * P I L L E M R E X A N I 2

• L F N E O N P I N E E S R

158 fcPILLEM R E X A N I * L I F I E O N P I N E E S T


159 - i -PILLEM R E X A N I z

* S I P I O R D O N P N E E

W O R C E S T E R .

160 " frPILLEM R E X N I • S E S T M I E R O N P I H E I

Plate IV, 11.

161 • f rPILLEM R E X A l l •5 -BALDRIE O N P I I

Pellets on shoulders omitted. Plate IV, 12.

Overstruck on Carlyon-Britton IV (Hawkins 237).



-Y O R K .

162 * P I L L E M 2

R E X A N • A L E F ON E F R P N E

163 • P I L L E M 2

R E X A I From same die as No. 162.

164 From same die as No. 163. * A L B V R O L F ON E F R

165 From same die as No. 163. * H A R B V L F ON I F 165 No. 163. Inner circle beaded.

166 * P I L L E M 2

R E X A I • O T B E R H ON E F E R

167 From same die as No. 162. From same die as No. 166.

U N C E R T A I N .

168 * P I L L E M R E X A I * P H F ( E ) R I E ( T ) ON I 3 I R E I '

(In three fragments.)

The following list shows the principal varieties noticed :—

OBVERSE.

Inner circle beaded : Nop. 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 47, 119, 120. King wearing necklace : Nos. 20, 21. Pellet on King's neck : Nos. 94, 95, 97-99, 100, 108-110. Pellet on King's left shoulder only: Nos. 20, 21. Pellet on King's right shoulder only: Nos. 4, 13, 25, 33, 151, 155. Pellet over dexter star: Nos. 109, n o . Pellets on shoulders omitted: Nos. 24, 58, 73, 158, 161. Two pellets on King's right shoulder: Nos. 55—57. Stars of five points, instead of six : No. 7. Unusual style of crown : No. 7.

REVERSE.

Inner circle beaded : Nos. 2, 3, 7, 14-16, 20, 21, 26, 28-30, 47, 50, 67, 70, 89, 108, 115-117, 119, 141, 165.

Large pellet at one corner of quadrilateral ornament: No. 103. Large pellet in place of annulet in centre: Nos. 7, 51, 53—65, 69, 75, 76, 78,

84, 89, 115, 141, 142, 144, 145. Pellet in first quarter of quadrilateral ornament: Nos. 2, 139. Pellet in third quarter of quadrilateral ornament: No. 117. Pellet in fourth quarter of quadrilateral ornament: No. 116.

A HOAR ODF COINS OF TH WILLIAE CONQUEROM R BNJ/pdfs/1916_BNJ...A Hoard of Coins of William the...

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