A half yearly Magazine for Computer Science and ...microchip. He created the chip by putting...

A half yearly Magazine for Computer Scienceand Engineering Department.

July-Dec 2010

Vol-1 Issue 1

The Echelon Institute of Technology is promotedby the Echelon Educational and Welfare Society.The Society is managed by a committee of officebearers and executive members. EIT is approvedby AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India;Director of Technical Education Govt ofDirector of Technical Education, Govt. ofHaryana. & Affiliated to M.D. University,Rohtak. The members of the Society comprise ofIndustrialists, Academicians, Entrepreneurs and, A , pProfessionals who have achieved much success intheir respective fields.

Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

The Computer Science and Engineering Department aims to produce bestsoftware professionals at global level. The department has excellentinfrastructure and centrally air‐conditioned Labs, Computer Centre and Classrooms with state of the art Information Technology to mould the studentsrooms with state‐of‐the‐art Information Technology, to mould the studentsinto technically competent software professionals. Apart from exposing thestudents to core computer subjects like Compiler Design, Design & Analysis ofAlgorithms, OOPS, DBMS, Microprocessors, Computer Networking, InformationSecurity, Genetic Algorithms, Data Mining, which make the curriculum moreinteresting and industry oriented.

There are well‐equipped labs with more than 500 computers in client servertechnology. Facilities exist for all labs courses given in the curriculum as well asfor R&D activities. The Department has MULTIMEDIA LAB, COMPUTERGRAPHICS LAB, AI LAB, DATA STRUCTURE LAB, COMPILER DESIGN LAB,PROJECT LAB, INTERNET LAB, OS LAB, DBMS LAB, ADVANCE JAVA LAB, C++ LAB,VISUAL PROGRAMMING LAB, RESEARCH LAB and SNA / HARDWARE LAB with HPand Acer Desktops with latest software C++, Visual Studio, Oracle, Rational Rose,SQL Server, Adobe and Red Hat Linux. Project work is developed by finalyear students. Classes pertaining to Value Added Courses like Advanced Javaand .NET are also conducted here. System & Network Administration lab is fullyfunctional and equipped with Routers, Managed switches and HP server.q pp , gThe ultimate aim of supplementing theory classes with practical andexposure to real time environment has always been possible at Echeloncampus.

Duration:‐B Tech Program – 4 years Full time approved by AICTE Ministry of HRD Govt ofB.Tech. Program 4 years, Full time approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. ofIndia and affiliated to M D University, Rohtak.


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Mr. Kidar Nath Bansal


Echelon Institute Of Technology is an institution that aims at thecomplete development of the student and our staff are hand pickedcomplete development of the student and our staff are hand-pickedand trained to ensure that the students are given every possiblesupport in all their endeavors, academic or otherwise. It is amultidisciplinary institution and this also ensures that thestudents have ready access to a wide range of academic material.

Technical activities related to Computer Science are encouraged andthe students are given every form of support to develop their talents.Our brand of education does not have narrow horizons, we believe inexposure. Our students are encouraged to widen their knowledgebase and study beyond the confines of the syllabus. This isbase and study beyond the confines of the syllabus. This isevidenced by the extensive workshops and seminars conducted inthe college. In this age of technology, knowledge is just a clickaway and we ensure that every student of the college has only thebest of technology at his/her disposal.

We aim to lend a gentle guiding hand so that our studentsrecognize their inner potential and grow of their own accord intostalwarts of tomorrow’s society. An alumni of Echelon Institute Oftechnology is sure to be knowledgeable, confident and fullyequipped to deal with the real world and excel.q pp

Mr. S.K. Aggarwal

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Prof. S. GhoshDepartment Of Computer Science and Engineering

•• History of Computer……...…….................1History of Computer……...…….................1

••Faculty…………………………………6Faculty…………………………………6

•• Robots Get a Feel Of The World………….7Robots Get a Feel Of The World………….7

•• Computer Science 9Computer Science 9Computer Science...........................................9Computer Science...........................................9

••Best Gaming ComputersBest Gaming Computers.………………...11.………………...11


As man evolved into a more intelligent being, the storage of informationbecame more important to him in order for this life to be more rewarding.

Modern Information Technology would be just a coined phase if it were not forModern Information Technology would be just a coined phase if it were not forthe invention of the computer. The computer as we know it is an electronicmachine that processes data via a set of instructions, to perform a specific taskand store and recall information at the touch of a button. It can be fun,especially with all the exciting features and games on it. It also helps, in manyways, to solve complex problems on its own. It is used in almost everything wed f i l di l i d ldo, for commercial, medical, science, arts and personal uses.

The Abacus was the most popular manual calculating device in the world. It is amechanized pebble counter, the square like structure has on beads strung onwires, and the beads are slid along the wires when counting or adding. TheAbacus dates back over two thousand years. And it is still being used in someparts of the world till date. The storage of information in that era was evolvinginto a more efficient system as the business world was growing rapidly.

In 1944 the first computer hardware was born, which was known as the Mark I.It consisted of powerful vacuum tubes and consumed a lot of energy, especiallybeing very large in size.g y g

The second generation of computers was ushered in by the invention of thetransistor. This was from 1959 to 1964. The development of the integratedcircuits in 1963 "ruled the roost" until 1975 where they made furtheradvancement by placing the entire circuit on Silicon Chip along with othercomputer componentscomputer components.

Department Of Computer Science and Engineering1

Advancement in computer technology•Micro ChipRobert Noyce, a scientist who found Intel Corporation, developed themicrochip. He created the chip by putting thousands of integrated circuits on aminute silicon chip. The chip is actually a microelectronic "system" capable ofperforming various tasks. It is not only the computer that uses the microchipbut also pocket calculators, radio, television and cell‐phones.

The improvement in the integrated circuits has made it possible for scientiststo pack a large number of computer components on a single chip. Thecomplexity that this combination produces on the digital circuit is due to thenumber of transistors or logic gates that are installed on the tiny chip. Thismakes it possible for large‐scale integration. This allows multiple processing ofjobs at the same time. For example, you can be playing music CD, whilerunning excel or word.

Micro Chips are very small computer parts, they are not larger than the size ofa baby's fingernail, are extremely powerful. It carries the main processingpower in the computer hardware and is referred to as the microprocessor orthe Central Processing Unit. The CPU is made up of the control unit, thearithmetic/logic unit and the register. These elements are held on theintegrated circuit or the silicon chip Because of the microchip more complexintegrated circuit or the silicon chip. Because of the microchip, more complexmathematical and very large amount of data can be processed. Since theadvent of the silicon chip, science and technology has grown by leaps andbounds. No other advancement has made such a significant contribution to theindustry.

Personal Comp ter•Personal ComputerThe personal computers have become very popular all over the world. Thesecomputers can be seen in offices, homes and entertainment centers. The firstpersonal computer was available to the public in 1974 by MicroInstrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Thepersonal computer was called the Altair 8800 and was retailed for $400. It hadno keyboard and no permanent storage space, in fact it was a built‐it yourselfkit.

The personal computer kit had a tremendous demand and so smallmanufacturing computer companies started to pop up to satisfy this demand.One such company that improved on the personal computer by addingcomputer parts such as a keyboard and display terminal was TandyCorporation (Radio Shack), Tandy's model computer in 1977 could beprogrammed and stored information by using cassette tapes.


Today personal computers are more complex in its computer software architecture,in which you have multiprocessing jobs. That means you can listen to a CD whileworking in Excel or word, as I had mentioned earlier. Thanks to the computercomponent known as the microchip.

Intel, who is the developer of the microchip, has dominated the PC market, in termof computer hardware, and has launched their new low‐price Poulson chips. It has aspeed of 10 GHz. Computer companies such as Dell and Compaq have alreadybegun to offer the new chip on their processors. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)who is a computer supplier of integrated circuits and communications softwarewith their home page provides links to product and information, is saying that AMDAthlon 3D now! Chip is needed on the Pentium to run some application properly.But they also believe that Intel, who is the trailblazer, will continue to "rule theroost ", because, before the year‐ends, they will be coming out with the chip withprocessing speed up to 1THz. This new advancement is expected to roll out IntelPentium. This move will send the price of personal computers further down. Intel isPentium. This move will send the price of personal computers further down. Intel ishoping that Microsoft new Windows Operating System; Windows 7 will spurdemand for their new Pentium.

Throughout the world more people and businesses are buying computers andcomputer parts to do their day to day routines. The development of the silicon chipreduced the size of the personal computer so it can hold on a desk and also in areduced the size of the personal computer so it can hold on a desk and also in ashirt pocket. It has become more powerful and more affordable for the averageperson.

Computers are categorized in three categories, main frame, micro andminicomputers. Mainframe computers were with us since the first computer butth i ti f th i hi d it ibl f t t h ld i hi tthe inception of the microchip made it possible for a computer to hold in a shirtpocket and 100,000 times faster than the first generation of computers!

Information systems developmentComputers are helping to teach handicaps, disadvantaged and gifted children. Italso uses voice synthesizers to talk to them. Space travel, weather prediction anddesigning productions for the market, also construction of skyscrapers, would beimpossible without supercomputer. You can be a thousand miles away andcommunicate information to a computer system, via a small device attached toyour computer known as modem. Networking of computers makes it possible formanagement to make on the spot decisions. All these things are possible throughsystems known as the expert system and artificial intelligence. Softwareinformation system development in areas like transaction processing systems,Management information systems and decision support system are used in thecommercial arena.


The Internet can make information that is found in a library, be available to you atthe push of a button, when your computer is connected to it. In addition, it hasrevolutionized the communication industry. Advancement in computer technologyallows for larger storage system by using honeycomb structure, which can store upto 40 petabyte of data and can be available in less than a second. Laser technologyhas further expanded the storage capacity making the computer possible to storeup to a 1 million terabytes of data in a space the size of a post stamp. Furthermore,scientists have predicted that the beam of the laser has the potential of carrying allthe conversation going on at once on the earth!In addition to storage capacity, the flash drive can store up to 256 gigabytes or anequivalent of 1,000,000 textbooks. All this information on a stick 1/4 the size of apencil, that is Incredible!

The futureThe only intelligent computers that we have experienced are what we see inscience fiction movies. Yet what you are seeing is what scientists have in mind. Thatscience fiction movies. Yet what you are seeing is what scientists have in mind. Thatis why the Americans and the Japanese are in a "rat race" to see who can first comeup with the first thinking computers. If this breakthrough occurs, it will requiremajor changes in construction and programming of the computer.

Scientists have just scratched the surface with virtual reality. What they hope toachieve is for the computer to reason to learn from experiences to reflect and toachieve is for the computer to reason, to learn from experiences, to reflect, and tomake its own choices. Although computers have been programmed to learn fromexperience, such as playing games, it cannot think on its own. Scientist first has tounderstand and fully define the thinking process before they can make abreakthrough in common sense reasoning.

C l iConclusionComputers have become a vital tool in the business world, because it allows fasterprocessing of information, therefore greater productivity at the work place.Whether we like it or not, computers are here to stay, it's what we call thecomputer age. The speed at which information is processed frightens manyworkers, fearing it will put them out of jobs. Rest assures that computers are nothere to take over. They are here to assist man to get ahead faster.

Computers have helped us tremendously in every facet of life, for example doctorsuse computers in term of AI, to help disabled patients to walk and hear better andperform operation when he is 4000 miles away from the patient! It also helps in theeducation of emotionally impaired and both gifted and disadvantaged students.


It is a vital tool to scientific research and advancement. The results are all aroundus. You just have to stop and think where all those wonders of technology camefrom.

The industry that has benefited tremendously from computer technology is thebusiness industry. It has revolutionized how business activities are conducted allover the world. The computers have become a part of the business structure andoperation procedure. In fact, it has become second best to the human resources.

Vidya P.V.yCSE 1st Sem


S.No Employee Name1 Manoj Wadhwa

2 Parimal Sudas2 Parimal Sudas

3 Surender Dargan

4 Neeraj Goel

5 Seema Verma

6 S.K.Ghosh

7 Arti Ginotra

8 Nidhi Kataria

9 Priyanka Tyagi

11 Youddha Beer Singh

12 Neeta Wadhwa

13 Rosy Madaan

14 Prashant Gupta

15 Sheelu Sharma

16 Swati Gupta

17 Amit Yadav

18 Anita Chauhan18

19 Kanika Goel

20 Manpreet Singh

21 Divya Arora

22 Preeti Pawar22 Preeti Pawar

23 Shikha Taneja

24 Bhawna Srivastava

Department Of Computer Science and Engineering 6

What does a robot feel when it touches something? Little or nothing until now.But with the right sensors, actuators and software, robots can be given thesense of feel ‐‐ or at least the ability to identify different materials by touch.

R h t th U i it f S th C lif i ' Vit bi S h l fResearchers at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School ofEngineering published a study on June 18 in Frontiers in Neuro‐roboticsshowing that a specially designed robot can outperform humans in identifying awide range of natural materials according to their textures, paving the way foradvancements in prostheses, personal assistive robots and consumer producttesting.

The robot was equipped with a new type of tactile sensor built to mimic thehuman fingertip. It also used a newly designed algorithm to make decisionsabout how to explore the outside world by imitating human strategies. Capableof other human sensations, the sensor can also tell where and in whichdirection forces are applied to the fingertip and even the thermal properties ofan object being touched.

Like the human finger, the group's BioTac® sensor has a soft, flexible skin over aliquid filling. The skin even has fingerprints on its surface, greatly enhancing itssensitivity to vibration. As the finger slides over a textured surface, the skinvibrates in characteristic ways. These vibrations are detected by a hydrophonevibrates in characteristic ways. These vibrations are detected by a hydrophoneinside the bone‐like core of the finger. The human finger uses similar vibrationsto identify textures, but the robot finger is even more sensitive.

When humans try to identify an object by touch, they use a wide range ofexploratory movements based on their prior experience with similar objects. Afamous theorem by 18th century mathematician Thomas Bayes describesfamous theorem by 18 century mathematician Thomas Bayes describeshow decisions might be made from the information obtained during these


movements. Until now, however, there was no way to decide which exploratorymovement to make next.

Built by Jeremy Fishel, a recently graduated doctoral student, the specializedy y , y g , probot was trained on 117 common materials gathered from fabric, stationery andhardware stores. When confronted with one material at random, the robot couldcorrectly identify the material 95% of the time, after intelligently selecting andmaking an average of five exploratory movements. It was only rarely confused bypairs of similar textures that human subjects making their own exploratorymovements could not distinguish at allmovements could not distinguish at all.

So, is touch another task that humans will outsource to robots? Fishel and GeraldLoeb, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, point out that while their robot is verygood at identifying which textures are similar to each other, it has no way to tellwhat textures people will prefer. Instead, they say this robot touch technologycould be used in human prostheses or to assist companies who employ experts tocould be used in human prostheses or to assist companies who employ experts toassess the feel of consumer products and even human skin.

Subrato DasCSE‐5th Sem


Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS or CompSci) is thescientific and mathematical approach to computation, and specifically to the designof computing machines and processes. Its subfields can be divided into practicalt h i f it i l t ti d li ti i t t d ltechniques for its implementation and application in computer systems and purelytheoretical areas. Some, such as computational complexity theory, which studiesfundamental properties of computational problems, are highly abstract, whileothers, such as computer graphics, emphasize real‐world applications. Still othersfocus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programminglanguage theory, computer programming, human‐computer interaction.

The term "computer science" was first coined by the numerical analyst GeorgeForsythe in 1961.”Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations ofinformation and computation, together with practical techniques for theimplementation and application of these foundations”.

Areas of computer science:As a discipline, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies ofalgorithms and the limits of computation to the practical issues of implementingcomputing systems in hardware and software.

Theoretical computer science:Theoretical computer science:Theory of computation is focused on answering fundamental questions about whatcan be computed and what amount of resources are required to perform thosecomputations.

Information and Coding Theory:Information theory is related to the quantification of information This wasInformation theory is related to the quantification of information. This wasdeveloped by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing


Operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicatingdata Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes (systems for convertingdata. Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes (systems for convertinginformation from one form to another) and their fitness for a specific application.Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection andcorrection.

Algorithms and data structures:I d l i h h d i i l i l i h i i dIt deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, andclassification of programming languages.

Applied computer science:Artificial intelligence, Computer architecture and engineering, Computergraphics and visualization, Computer security and cryptography, Computationalscience.

Adarsh AroraCSE‐7th Sem


It's not a secret that laptops have become the favorite choice for personalcomputers. They're as affordable, if not more‐so, than normal desktop sorts, andyou can take them with you anywhere you go. In the past, they could not offeranywhere close to the same level of power, but that is no longer the case. In fact,anywhere close to the same level of power, but that is no longer the case. In fact,you can play modern games on them.

You will need to get a gaming laptop to be able to do this, but that isn't a problemsince there are some pretty impressive models available. They are so powerful andfast that they will have no problem handling whatever you throw at them, makingthem the ideal solution for anyone that ever wants to gamethem the ideal solution for anyone that ever wants to game.

Have you ever considered buying a gaming laptop for your next computer? You maynot consider yourself a gamer but even if you ever play a single game you will beglad you picked the model you needed. Plus, the laptops are created with very fastprocessors and a large amount of memory, making them ideal for almost any task.

If you think you might ever play one game, go with a computer that can handle it.They are not much more expensive than the cheap models designed purely forbrowsing the internet, and they can do a lot more. They're the kind of computerthat you will want to keep using for many years.

There are many considerations to take into account when you're getting ready toinvest in a gaming laptop. You have to look at the screen size and transportability. Ifyou plan on moving around all the time, then you might not want to get one with ahuge screen. You will also want to pay attention to the battery capacity. Usually,smaller screens have longer battery lives.


If you feel that you will rarely need to move around your computer, then you cango for one of the stunning, large 17 inch screen models that are essentiallydesktop replacements. Because of their intense power and processing speed,you won't enjoy a long battery life but that should not be a problem if you'reyou won t enjoy a long battery life, but that should not be a problem if you renot always on the go.

Anyone who plans on doing more than surfing around the Internet on theirlaptop must the importance of a powerful processor. The faster, better qualityones will let you have multiple programs and applications open at the sametime They'll allow you to play modern games without even a little slowdowntime. They ll allow you to play modern games without even a little slowdown.

You'd probably expect to spend thousands of dollars for a gaming laptop thathad so much power. In the past, that was true, but now it is no longer thecase. There are several fairly affordable options which will allow you to hangwith any person you're playing against online and do whatever you want offline

llas well.

Kailash D AggarwalCSE‐ 3rd Sem


Editorial Board 1. Bhawana Shrivastava (Asst. professor) 2. Subroto Das (CSE 5th Sem) 3. Sakshi Gadodia (CSE 5th Sem) 4. Kailash D. Agarwal (CSE 3rd Sem) 5. Vidhi Arora (CSE 3rd Sem) 6. Vidhya P.V. (CSE 1st Sem)

Echelon Institute of Technology

Kabulpur, Jasana-Manjawali Road,

12 k.m. from Badkal Chowk,

Faridabad - 121101 Haryana

Phone : 0129-2201040, 2201060, 9718312584

Email : [email protected]

A half yearly Magazine for Computer Science and ...microchip. He created the chip by putting...

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