A Guide to Project Management

6 Basic Principles to Project Management• Define the job in detail• Get the right people involved• Estimate the time and costs• Break the job down using the 40-

hour rule• Establish a change procedure• Agree on acceptance criteria

Project Management Framework

• Introduction• Project Management Context• Project Management Process

Introduction• What is a Project?• What is Project Management?• Relationship to Other Management

Disciplines• Related Endeavors

What is a Project?

• Performed by people• Constrained by limited resources• Planned, executed and controlled

What is Project Management?• Competing demands for:

• Scope• Time• Cost• Risk• Quality

• Stakeholders with differing needs and expectations

• Identified requirements

Relationship to Other Management Disciplines

• Functional departments and supporting disciplines

• Technical elements• Management specializations• Industry groups

Related Endeavors

• Programs• Project portfolio management• Subprojects

Project Management Context• Project Phases and the Project Life

Cycle• Project Stakeholders• Organizational Influences• Key General Management Skills• Social-Economic-Environmental

Influences

Project Management Processes• Project Processes• Process Groups• Process Interaction• Customizing Process Interactions• Mapping of Project Management

Processes

Mapping of Project Management Process

Process GroupKnowledge Area

Initiating Planning Executing Controlling Closing

Project Scope Management

•Project Plan Development •Project Plan Execution •Integrated Change Control


•Initiation •Scope Planning•Scope Definition

•Scope Verification•Scope Change Control

Project Time Management •Activity Definition•Activity Sequencing•Activity Duration Estimating•Schedule Development

•Schedule Control

Project Cost Management •Resource Planning•Cost Estimating•Cost Budgeting

•Cost Control

Project Quality Management

•Quality Planning •Quality Assurance •Quality Control

Project Human Resource Management

•Organizational Planning•Staff Acquisition

•Team Development

Project Communications Management

•Communications Planning •Information Distribution •Performance Reporting •Administrative Closure

Risk Project Management •Risk Management Planning•Risk Identification•Qualitative Risk Analysis•Quantitative Risk Analysis•Risk Response Planning

•Risk Monitoring and Control

Project Procurement Management

•Procurement Planning•Solicitation Planning

•Solicitation•Source Selection•Contract Administration

•Contract Closeout

Project Management Knowledge Areas• Project Integration Management• Project Scope Management• Project Time Management• Project Cost Management• Project Quality Management• Project Human Resource Management• Project Communications Management• Project Risk Management• Project Procurement Management

Project Integration Management

• Project Plan Development• Project Plan Execution• Integrated Change Control

Project Plan Development• Inputs

• Other planning outputs• Historical information• Organizational policies• Constraints• Assumptions

• Tools and Techniques• Project planning

methodology• Stakeholders skills and

knowledge• Project management

information systems (PMIS)

• Earned value management (EVM)

• Outputs• Project plan(s)• Supporting detail

Project Plan Execution• Inputs

• Project plan• Supporting detail• Organizational policies• Preventive action• Corrective action

• Tools and Techniques• General management skills• Product skills and

knowledge• Work authorization system• Status review meetings• Project management

information system• Organizational procedures

• Outputs• Work results• Change requests

Integrated Change Control • Inputs

• Project plan• Performance reports• Change requests

• Tools and Techniques• Change control system• Configuration

management• Performance

measurement• Additional planning• Project management

information system• Output

• Project plan updates• Corrective action• Lessons learned


• Scope Initiation• Scope Planning• Scope Definition• Scope Verification• Scope Change Control

Scope Initiation• Inputs

• Product description• Strategic plan• Project selection

criteria

• Tools and Techniques• Project selection

methods• Expert judgement

• Outputs• Project charter• Project manager

identified/assigned• Constraints• Assumptions

Scope Planning• Inputs

• Product description• Project charter• Constraints• Assumptions

• Tools and Techniques• Product analysis• Benefit/cost analysis• Alternatives

identification• Expert judgement

• Outputs• Scope statement• Supporting detail• Scope management

plan

Scope Definition• Inputs

• Scope statement• Constraints• Assumptions• Other planning

outputs• Historical

information

• Tools and Techniques• Work breakdown

structure• Decomposition

• Outputs• Work breakdown

structure• Scope statement

updates

Scope Verification• Inputs

• Work results• Product

documentation• Work breakdown

structure• Scope statement• Project plan

• Tools and Techniques• Inspection

• Outputs• Formal

acceptance

Scope Change Control• Inputs

• Work breakdown structure

• Performance reports• Change requests• Scope management

plan

• Tools and Techniques• Scope change control

system• Performance

measurement• Additional planning

• Outputs• Scope changes• Corrective action• Lessons learned• Adjusted baseline

Project Time Management

• Activity Definition• Activity Sequencing• Activity Duration Estimating• Schedule Development• Schedule Control

Activity Definition• Inputs


• Scope statement• Historical

information• Constraints• Assumptions• Expert judgement

• Tools and Techniques• Decomposition• Templates

• Outputs• Activity list• Supporting detail• Work breakdown

structure updates

Activity Sequencing• Inputs

• Activity list• Product description• Mandatory

dependencies • Discretionary

dependencies• External dependencies• Milestones

• Tools and Techniques• Precedence

diagramming methods (PDM)

• Arrow diagramming method (ADM)

• Conditional diagramming methods

• Network templates• Outputs

• Project network diagram• Activity list updates

Activity Duration Estimating• Inputs

• Activity list• Constraints• Assumptions• Resource requirements• Resource capabilities• Historical information• Identified risks

• Tools and Techniques• Expert judgement• Analogous estimating• Quantitatively based

durations• Reserve time

(contingency)• Outputs

• Activity duration estimates

• Basis of estimates• Activity list updates

Schedule Development• Inputs

• Project network diagrams• Activity duration estimates• Resource requirements• Resource pool description• Calendars• Constraints• Assumptions• Leads and lags• Risk management plan• Activity attributes

• Tools and Techniques• Mathematical analysis• Duration compression• Simulation• Resource leveling heuristics• Project management

software• Coding structure

• Outputs• Project schedule• Supporting detail• Schedule management plan• Resource requirements

updates

Schedule Control• Inputs

• Project schedule• Performance reports• Change requests• Schedule management

plan

• Tools and Techniques• Schedule change control

system• Performance

measurement• Additional planning• Project management

software• Variance Analysis

• Outputs• Schedule updates• Corrective action• Lessons learned

Project Cost Management

• Resource Planning• Cost Estimating• Cost Budgeting• Cost Control

Resource Planning• Inputs


• Historical information• Scope statement• Resource pool

description• Organization policies• Activity duration

estimates

• Tools and Techniques• Expert judgement• Alternatives

identification• Project management

software• Outputs

• Resource requirements

Cost Estimating• Inputs


• Resource requirements• Resource rates• Activity duration

estimates• Estimating publications• Historical information• Chart of accounts• Risks

• Tools and Techniques• Analogous estimating• Parametric modeling• Bottom-up estimating• Computerized tools• Other cost estimating

methods• Outputs

• Cost estimates• Supporting detail• Cost management plan

Cost Budgeting • Inputs

• Cost estimates• Work breakdown

structure• Project schedule• Risk management

plan

• Tools and Techniques• Cost budgeting

tools and techniques

• Outputs• Cost baseline

Cost Control• Inputs

• Cost baseline• Performance reports• Change requests• Cost management plan

• Tools and Techniques• Cost change control system• Performance measurement • Earned value management

(EVM)• Additional planning• Computerized tools

• Outputs• Revised cost estimates• Budget updates• Corrective action• Estimate at completion• Project closeout• Lessons learned

Project Quality Management

• Quality Planning• Quality Assurance• Quality Control

Quality Planning• Inputs

• Quality policy• Scope statement• Product description• Standards and

regulations• Other process outputs

• Tools and Techniques• Benefit/cost analysis• Benchmarking• Flow-charting• Design of experiments• Cost of quality

• Outputs• Quality management

plan• Operational definitions• Checklists• Inputs to other

processes

Quality Assurance• Inputs

• Quality management plan

• Results of quality control measurements

• Operations definitions

• Tools and Techniques• Quality planning

tools and techniques

• Quality audits• Outputs

• Quality improvement

Quality Control• In puts

• Work results• Quality management

plan• Operational definitions• Checklists

• Tools and Techniques• Inspection• Control charts• Pareto Diagrams• Statistical sampling• Flow-charting• Trend analysis

• Outputs• Quality improvements• Acceptance decisions • Rework• Completed checklists• Process adjustments

Project Human Resource Management

• Organizational Planning• Staff Acquisition• Team Development

Organizational Planning• Inputs

• Project interfaces• Staffing requirements• Constraints

• Tools and Techniques• Templates• Human resource

practices• Organizational theory• Stakeholder analysis

• Outputs• Role and responsibilities

assignments• Staffing management

plan• Organization chart• Supporting detail

Staff Acquisition• Inputs

• Staffing management plan

• Staffing pool description

• Recruitment practices

• Tools and Techniques• Negotiations• Pre-assignment• Procurement

• Outputs• Project staff

assigned • Project team

directory

Team Development• Inputs

• Project staff• Project plan• Staffing management

plan• Performance reports• External feedback

• Tools and Techniques• Team-building activities• General management

skills• Reward and recognition

systems• Collocation• Training

• Outputs• Performance

improvements• Input to performance

appraisals

Project Communications Management

• Communications Planning• Information Distribution• Performance Reporting• Administrative Closure

Communications Planning• Inputs

• Communications requirements

• Communications technology

• Constraints• Assumptions

• Tools and Techniques• Stakeholder

analysis• Outputs

• Communications management plan

Information Distribution• Inputs

• Work results• Communications

management plan• Project plan

• Tools and Techniques• Communications skills• Information retrieval

systems• Information

distribution methods• Outputs

• Project records• Project reports• Project presentations

Performance Reporting• Inputs

• Project plan• Work results• Other project records

• Tools and Techniques• Performance reviews• Variance analysis• Trend analysis• Earned value analysis• Information distribution

tools and techniques• Outputs

• Performance reports• Change requests

Administrative Closure• Inputs

• Performance measurement documentation

• Product documentation

• Other project records

• Tools and Techniques• Performance reporting

tools and techniques• Project reports• Project presentations

• Outputs• Project archives• Project closure• Lessons learned

Project Risk Management

• Risk Management Planning• Risk Identification• Qualitative Risk Analysis • Quantitative Risk Analysis• Risk Response Planning• Risk Monitoring and Control

Risk Management Planning• Inputs

• Project charter• Organization’s risk

management policies• Defined roles and

responsibilities• Template for the

organization’s risk management plan


• Tools and Techniques• Planning meeting

• Outputs • Risk management

plan

Risk Identification• Tools

• Risk management plan• Project planning outputs• Risk categories• Historical information

• Tools and techniques• Documentation review• Information-gathering

techniques• Checklists• Assumptions analysis• Diagramming

techniques• Outputs

• Risks• Triggers• Inputs to other

processes

Qualitative Risk Analysis• Inputs

• Risk management plan• Identified risks• Project status• Project type • Data precision• Scales of probability and

impact• Assumptions

• Tools and Techniques• Risk probability and impact• Probability/impact risk

rating matrix• Project assumptions testing• Data precision ranking

• Outputs• Overall risk ranking for the

project• List of prioritized risks• List of risk for additional

analysis and management• Trends in qualitative risk

analysis results

Quantitative Risk Analysis• Inputs

• Risk management plan• Identified risks• List of prioritized risks• List of risks for

additional analysis and management

• Historical information• Expert judgement• Other planning outputs

• Tools and Techniques• Interviewing• Sensitivity analysis• Decision tree analysis• Simulation

• Outputs• Prioritized list of

quantified risks• Probabilistic analysis of

the project• Probability of achieving

the cost and time objectives

• Trends in quantitative risk analysis results

Risk Response Planning• Inputs

• Risk management plan• List of prioritized risks• Risk ranking of the project• Prioritized list of quantified risks• Probabilistic analysis of the

project• Probability of achieving the cost

and time objectives• List of potential responses• Risk thresholds• Risk owners• Common risk causes• Trends in qualitative and

quantitative risk analysis results

• Tools and Techniques• Avoidance• Transference• Mitigation• Acceptance

• Outputs• Risk response plan• Residual risks• Secondary risks• Contractual agreements• Contingency reserve

amounts needed• Inputs to other processes• Inputs to a revised project

plan

Risk Monitoring and Control• Inputs

• Risk management plan• Risk response plan• Project communication • Additional risk

identification and analysis

• Scope changes

• Tools and Techniques• Project risk response audits• Periodic project risk reviews• Earned value analysis• Technical performance

measurement• Additional risk response

planning• Outputs

• Workaround plans• Corrective action• Project change requests• Updates to the risk response

plan• Risk Database• Updates to risk identification

checklists

Project Procurement Management• Procurement Planning• Solicitation Planning• Solicitation• Source Selection• Contract Administration• Contract Closeout

Procurement Planning• Inputs

• Scope statement• Product description• Procurement

resources• Market conditions• Other planning

outputs• Constraints• Assumptions

• Tools and Techniques• Make-or-buy analysis

Expert judgement• Contract type

selection• Outputs

• Procurement management plan

• Statement(s) of work

Solicitation Planning• Inputs

• Procurement management plan

• Statement(s) of work• Other planning

outputs

• Tools and Techniques• Standard forms• Expert judgement

• Outputs• Procurement

documents• Evaluation criteria• Statement of work

updates

Solicitation• Inputs

• Procurement documents

• Qualified seller lists

• Tools and Techniques• Bidder

conferences• Advertising

• Outputs• Proposals

Source Selection• Inputs

• Proposals• Evaluation criteria• Organizational

policies

• Tools and Techniques• Contract negotiation• Weighting system• Screening system• Independent

estimates• Outputs

• Contract

Contract Administration• Inputs

• Contract• Work results• Change requests• Seller invoices

• Tools and Techniques• Contract change

control system • Performance reporting • Payment system

• Outputs • Correspondence• Contract changes• Payment requests

Contract Closeout• Inputs

• Contract documentation

• Tools and Techniques• Procurement

audits• Outputs

• Contract file• Formal

acceptance and closure

A Guide to Project Management

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