A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 5 The Motherboard.
-
Upload
daniel-booker -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
5
Transcript of A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 5 The Motherboard.
2 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
You Will Learn…
About the types of motherboards
About components on the motherboard
A basic procedure for building a computer
How to install a motherboard
How to troubleshoot a motherboard
3 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Motherboards House the CPU Allow devices to communicate with it and
each other Most popular: AT and ATX
ATX• More power-management features• Support faster systems• Easier to install
Selection of motherboard determines capabilities and limitations of the system
6 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Motherboard Components CPU and accompanying chip set ROM BIOS RAM Buses and expansion slots Components used to change hardware
configuration settings Jumpers DIP switches CMOS configuration chip
7 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Basic Components of a CPU
Input/output (I/O) unit
Arithmetic logic unit(s) (ALU)
Control unit
9 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Attributes Used to Rate CPUs
Processor core speed (measured in gigahertz)
Word size and data path
Efficiency/special functionality of programming code
System bus speeds the processor supports
10 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Attributes Used to Rate CPUs (continued)
Amount of memory included with the CPU (internal and external cache)
Type of RAM, motherboard, and chip set the processor supports
Multiprocessor ability
11 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Pentiums Two ALUs (a true multiprocessor)
64-bit external path size and two 32-bit internal paths (one for each ALU)
Terminology Bus speed
Processor speed
Multiplier
Memory cache
17 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
64-Bit Processors
Intel Itaniums
AMD 64-bit processors
21 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Combination Heat Sink and Cooling Fan
22 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CPU Package Types
SECC
SECC2
SEP
PPGA
PGA
OOI/OLGA
FC-PGA
FC-PGA2
PAC
CPGA
OPGA
μPGA
23 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CPU Slots and Sockets
Motherboard and processor must match
Slots 1 and 2 are proprietary Intel slots
Slot A and Socket A are proprietary AMD connectors
27 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CPU Voltage Regulator
Dual-voltage CPUs
Single-voltage CPUs
Voltage regulator module (VRM) controls amount of voltage to the CPU
30 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Configuring and Updating ROM BIOS Update BIOS only if you’re having a problem
with your motherboard or there’s a new feature you want to use
Flash ROM BIOS upgrades for most BIOS manufacturers can be downloaded from www.unicore.com
31 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Buses and Expansion Slots
Buses evolved around data path and speed
Local bus (system) and expansion bus (ISA)
Buses carry electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and data
On-board ports, connectors, and riser slots
33 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
On-Board Ports, Connectors, and Riser Slots
34 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Hardware Configuration
Setup data stored by DIP switches
Setup data stored by jumpers
Setup data stored in CMOS memory
37 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Setup Data Stored by Jumpers (continued)
38 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Setup Data Stored in CMOS Memory
Also called real-time clock/nonvolatile RAM (RTC/NVRAM) chip
Retains data even when computer is turned off
Setup cannot be changed unintentionally, but disk drive must be working before you can change the setup
43 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Battery Power to CMOS Memory Types of CMOS batteries
3.6V lithium battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip
4.5V alkaline battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip
3.6V barrel-style battery with a two-pin connector; soldered on
3V lithium coin-cell battery (most common)
44 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CMOS Setting startup passwords in CMOS Categories of CMOS settings
Standard BIOS Features Menu Advanced Chip Set Setup Power Management Menu IDE HDD Auto-detect Hardware Device Settings
45 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Protecting Documentation and Configuration Settings Keep up-to-date written records of CMOS
settings, hardware and software installed, and network settings
Keep well-labeled documentation in a safe place
Can also save and restore CMOS settings using third-party utility software
46 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Building a Computer
1. Verify that you have all parts you plan to install
2. Prepare computer case
3. Install drives
4. Determine proper configuration settings for motherboard
5. Set jumpers or switches on motherboard
6. Install CPU and CPU cooler
47 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Building a Computer (continued)
7. Install RAM
8. Install motherboard and attach cabling
9. Install video card
10. Plug computer into power source; attach monitor and keyboard
11. Boot system and enter CMOS setup
12. Make sure settings are set to the default
48 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Building a Computer (continued)
13. If booting from a floppy disk, insert a bootable setup disk
14. Observe POST
15. Prepare hard drive for the OS
16. Reboot system and run ScanDisk on drive C
17. Connect mouse
49 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Building a Computer (continued)
18. Install the OS from CD or floppy
19. Change boot order in CMOS
20. Check for conflicts with system resources
21. Install any other expansion cards, and/or drives
22. Verify that all is operating properly; make final OS and/or CMOS adjustments
50 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing the Motherboard
Prepare motherboard to go in case
Set jumpers
Add CPU, fan, and heat sink
• Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1
• Installing a Pentium 4 in Socket 478
54 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 (continued)
55 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 (continued)
56 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 (continued)
58 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing a Pentium 4 inSocket 478 (continued)
59 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Installing Motherboard in Case
1. Install faceplate
2. Install standoffs
3. Attach motherboard inside case with screws
4. Connect power cord from power supply to P1 power connection on motherboard
5. Connect wire leads from front panel of case to motherboard (reset switch, HDD LED, speaker, power LED, remote switch)
64 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Troubleshooting the Motherboard and CPU
Look for clues from POST
Reports errors as beep codes
Cautiously substitute good hardware components for those you suspect are bad