A GREEN ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ECUADOR

Sustainable Development in ChinaTongji University

Fall 2014Student: Luis Reinoso

• Official name: Republic of Ecuador

• Area: 256.370 km2

• Form of government: Democratic

• Language: Spanish• Religion: Catholic is the

dominant religion• Population: 16 million

Basic Information

• Ecuador is draped across the equator in the north western corner of south America.

• The country can be divided into four regions: the western coastal lowlands, the Andean backbone, the eastern jungles of the Amazonian basin and the Galapagos Islands

Social Development action plan

• Poverty reduction 75% in 1992 to 39.9% in 2011.

• Reduction of illiteracy: 11.7% of illiterate people in 1990 to 8.03% goes for 2011.

• Basic education: 84% in 2005 to 94.9% in 2009.

• Drinking water: 57% of households in 1990 to 70% in 2011.

• Infant mortality rate: 379.1 per 10,000 live births in 1990 to 151.9 per 10,000 live births in 2010

Economic perspective Development action plan

• From 1990-2006: emphasis on macroeconomic stability, fiscal consolidation, payment of external debt, reducing exchange rate volatility and inflation control.

• Since 2007, economic policy oriented to domestic growth and the consolidation of sovereignty: recovery of oil revenues to the public budget, improving tax policy, increased public investment, controlling the entry of imports.

• Defining a transition path from the exploitation of natural resources to the construction of a bio-knowledge and service economy: investing in science and formulation of a new financial architecture.

AMBIENTAL Development action plan

• Organic new to Rights of Nature. • Recovery of natural heritage. • Advances to change the energy matrix: boost to hydropower

projects. • Biodiversity conservation: protected areas increased from 16 in

1996 to 45 in 2012; Regulation on Access to Genetic Resources. • Increased plant cover: Socio Bosque(forest plans). • Formulation and implementation of environmental laws: Code of

the Environment.• Strengthening environmental institutions linked to: Ministry

Coordinator of Heritage, Ministry of Environment, SENAGUA, National Secretariat for Risk.

GREEN ECONOMY action plan

• A "new economic paradigm" by which the economy must be "dominated and directed by the demand and supply of products and friendly services that improve the environment" is proposed

• "System related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services resulting in improvements in human welfare in the long run, without at the same time exposing future generations to significant environmental risks and ecological scarcity economic activities.”

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• Give priority to the most "green" sectors through subsidies or tax incentives so that private investments are directed to them.

• Establish rules prohibiting the exercise of certain practices or activities harmful to the environment

• Adopt a regulatory framework for certain market instruments that help to conserve the natural environment, among them taxes and allowances.

• Suppression of so-called perverse subsidies

Important sectors for the development of a green economy in Ecuador

Agriculture

Buildings

Cities

EnergyFishingForestIndustryTourismTransportW

asteW

ater

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 1. Agriculture: Sustainable agricultural practices increase productivity in developing countries and create sustainable jobs in the supply chain after harvest.

• 2. Buildings: They are responsible for 40% of energy consumption. Adapt existing buildings and construct new buildings 'smart' drastically reduce energy use and pollution in the air, while it would create new jobs

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 3. Cities: They concentrated more than half of the country population, and the trend is to continue to increase. A green economy, provider of transport systems and energy efficient, it will be vital to improve conditions in cities and prevent pollution, congestion, slums and unemployment.

• 4. Energy: Renewable energy sources are a key to reducing global dependence on fossil fuels element, lower pollution and provide energy security. Its need to opt for alternatives such as solar energy, water (rivers), tidal (seas and oceans), geothermal (heat from the earth) and Eolic (wind), among others.

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 5. Fishing: Sustainable fishing practices are essential to conserve marine resources. The protection of fishing communities teras cost in developing countries, can only be achieved through a reform in that industry in developed countries.

• 6. Forest: They are vital to the fight against climate change because the CO2 stored is expelled into the environment. But conservation is at constant risk due to unsustainable and illegal logging, and the pressure to have land for plowing and cultivation. A solution to these troubling events, for example, reward to promote the conservation of forests instead of cutting them down. The REDD + (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation project sustainable forest management, conservation and increasing reserves) is an example of a good measure that provides funding for the protection and conservation of forests.

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 7. Industry: It is responsible for one third of global energy consumption and generates a quarter of total of global greenhouse gases. Improving the efficiency of industries (especially iron, steel and cement) and reduce pollution impacts are key to stopping climate change and conserve natural resources.

• 8. Tourism: The key to the economies of many countries field can be enhanced to create more jobs, ensuring care environment.

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 9. Transport: Whether by land, air or sea, is crucial for economic development. But involves high levels of pollution and congestion. It is important to adopt green policies to maximize the use of clean and affordable public transportation that can help improve access to jobs, schools and health services.

• 10. Waste: Generate economic and social costs to considered, particularly in the health sector. Recycling is key to turning waste in resources, creating value and creating sustainable jobs.

Main points for GREEN ECONOMY action plan in Ecuador

• 11. Water: We know is vital for humans. But the pressures of population growth and the impact of climate change, threatening the safe and sustainable supply of this resource. A green economy is committed to reducing the excessive use of water in agriculture and improve rural and urban water networks. It also seeks to reward those who are interested in preserving wetlands and forests.

Thank you!