A Great Civil War Why did the North fight? Secession did not necessarily entail Civil War; some advised Let the wayward sisters depart in peace. Lincoln believed he had to preserve the Union. Northerners believed it was their patriotic and moral [religious] duty. Lincolns first days Fort Sumter Crisis Struggles with Seward Fort Sumter shelledApril 12, 1861 Lincolns call for 75,000 volunteers Secession of the Upper South L. holds the border L. suspends writ of Habeas Corpus Ex parte Merryman The Balance Sheet: Advantages/Disadvantages North 3x military population Food Railroad mileage over 3x the CSA Productive capacity Industrial capacity finance South Defensive wara win or a tie Interior Lines Slavery Rifle Knowledge of landscape Questions historians consider Is God on the side of the strongest battalions? Vietnam experience Did the North win or the South loose? Opening SalvoBull Run Union Commander Irwin McDowell Southern Commanders Joseph Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard Stonewall Jackson Confederacy was disorganized by victory as much as the Union was disorganized by victory. Battle at Bull Run Naval Action--Blockade War in the East Lincoln Searches for a General Peninsular Campaign Closest to Richmond that A of P came until 1865 Showed flaws in McClellan and in L.s relationship with his generals Battle of Fair Oaks brought Lee to the fore Robert Edward Lee Road to Antietam L. brings John Pope from west and Pope looses 2d Manassas Lee Invades Maryland L. relies on McClellan Battle is stalemate L. issues preliminary EP on 9/22 and fires McClellan in November Emancipation Crittenden-Johnson Resolution Contrabands of War Confiscation Acts/abolition of slavery in areas under federal control/Militia Act Preliminary EP Permanent EP 13 th Amendment Lincolns Search for a General McClellan had the slows and wouldnt go where Lee seemed to go. L. tried McClellan, Pope, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant Burnside blundered at Fredericksburg Fredericksburg Hooker Failed at Chancellorsville Lee and Jackson executed brilliant flanking maneuver Hooker lost his nerve L. backed Hooker until the end of June Lee lost his best generalJackson died on May 10: Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees. Lee, Jackson, and Hooker Gettysburg Overdone in memory, but it really mattered Picketts charge on July 3, 1863 was dramatic Lincoln though was more concerned with the west and thought that Meade had not pursued Lee vigorously enough. Pickett and Meade Lincolns Answers Lay in the West Union was largely successful in opening up the western Rivers. Tennessee was liberated by 1862 Forts Henry and Donelson Shiloh Rise of Grant U. S. Grant Campaign for Vicksburg Unconventional tactics Vicksburg taken after a 47 day siege The father of waters now flows unvexed to the Sea. Vicksburg Siege Vicksburg Battlefield and Pemberton Grant to the East Grant oversaw the conquest of CSA rail center at ChattanoogaArthur MacArthur, father of Doug, won Medal of Honor Sherman left in charge of Army of the Tennessee Grant made Lt. General and camped with Army of Potomac War in West: Atlanta and march to the Sea Why did this matter? Weakened CSA morale in Ga. Homefront Helped L. win 1864 election Demonstrated power of total war. Overland Campaign/Siege of Petersburg Wilderness to Cold Harbor Grant the Butcher Lee the King of Spades End Run to Petersburg Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-April 1865) Siege of Petersburg Appomattox Grant was magnanimous Damn me if I ever love another country. Lincoln knew thing had been pressed. Lincoln toured burned out Richmond Richmond, 1865