A Global Roadmap for Mainstreaming Biofortification into CGIAR Breeding Programs

Copyright: Micronutrient InitiativeWhy are Mineral and Vitamin Deficiencies Such A Significant Public Health Problem?

Dietary Diversity

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dia

Paki

stan

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Dev

elop

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Indi

a

Paki

stan

Ban

glad

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Percent Changes in Cereal and Pulse Production and in Population Between 1965 and 1999

Cereals Pulses Population

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

CerealsMaximum During Time Period

Minimum During Time Period

Figure 2. Price Indices By Food Group for India, 1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index

Source: PersonalCommunication,JV Meenakshi, DelhiSchool of EconomicsThree-Year Averages

Pric

e In

dice

s

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200 Pulses

Vegetables

Fruits

Eggs,Meat &Fish

Maximum During Time Period

Minimum During Time Period

Figure 2. Price Indices By Food Group for India, 1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index

Source: PersonalCommunication,JV Meenakshi, DelhiSchool of EconomicsThree-Year Averages

Pric

e In

dice

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Share of Energy Source & Food Budget in Rural Bangladesh

Non-Staple plants

Animal and Fish

Energy Source Food Budget

Staple foods

Consequences Mineral & Vitamin Deficiencies

Vitamin A deficiency• Supplements reduced child mortality by 23%• 375,000 children go blind each year

7

Zinc deficiency• increased incidence/severity diarrhea/pneumonia; stunting• 2 billion people at risk; 450,000 deaths per year

Iron deficiency• Impaired cognitive abilities that cannot be reversed• 82% of children < 2 years in India are anemic

Supply of Nutrients

From Agriculture

Present

A Primary Role of Agriculture Is To ProvideNutrients for Healthy Populations

Nutrient Gap

SupplementationAnd Fortification

Unreached Populations

Excerpt From Recent UNICEF Brochure

Cost Per Vitamin A Capsule $US 0.50-1.25 World Bank (2007)

Cost-effective: central one time investment

Photo: ICRISAT

Future

Supply of Nutrients

From Agriculture

Present

A Primary Role of Agriculture Is To ProvideNutrients for Healthy Populations

Nutrient Gap

SupplementationAnd FortificationSupplementation

And Fortification

Unreached Populations

Unreached Populations

Lentil

Rice Wheat Maize Pearl Millet

Sorghum

Cassava Orange Sweetpotato Potato

Banana Plantain

Beans Cowpea

Biofortified crops released in 30 countries In-testing in another 30 countries

>150 Varieties Released Across 12 crops

Nutritious crops released in 30 countries; in testing in another 30

Functional Outcomes

• Efficacy trials with provitamin A, iron, and zinc biofortified crops have also shown improved functional outcomes:–Improved cognitive function (iron)–Better work performance (iron)–Better sight adaptation to darkness

(provitamin A)–Reduced morbidity (zinc)

HarvestPlus Delivery Goals

Globally By 2030• One billion people will be benefitting from

biofortified nutritious foods.Short-Term Goal By 2020• 100 million people in farm households will be

growing and consuming biofortified nutritious food crops

By the End of 2016• 20 million people in farm households

Severity of Micronutrient Deficiencies:Vitamin A, Iron, and Zinc

Source: World Health Organization (WHO) children under 5 prevalence data

Crop Africa South Asia TOTAL

Rice 125,124 1,130,648 2,006,869Wheat 107,419 987,887 1,547,872Maize 256,286 67,481 581,532Cassava 174,719 16,263 259,271Groundnut 49,335 6,595 227,864Millet 82,889 81,977 167,885Sorghum 104,694 59,129 164,842Potato 13,464 46,465 122,764Beans, dry 39,258 26,384 116,246Barley 14,771 7,037 100,192Plantain 36,424 19 92,109Banana 6,751 11,345 57,811Yam 42,787 0 42,966Sweetpotato 23,789 3,008 36,478Lentils 603 11,589 12,999

Average Total Consumption (Million Calories Per Day)

Note: Total = All Developing Countries; Source = FAO, 2002-2004

Consumption

Average Calories/day from 2002-04

('000,000)

CropAfricaLatin AmericaSouth AsiaCentral AsiaSoutheast AsiaTOTAL

Banana6,75127,47811,34590211,33657,811

Barley14,77120,6597,03753,3994,326100,192

Beans, dry39,25842,32526,38408,278.88116,246

Cassava174,71924,21416,263044,074.52259,271

CowpeasNo Data

Groundnut49,3355,2916,595271166,372227,864

Lentils60380711,5890012,999

Maize256,286190,75967,4813,10063,906581,532

Millet82,889081,9771,7991,221167,885

PigeonpeaNo Data

Plantain36,42429,30319026,36492,109

Potato13,46418,60846,46540,9033,324122,764

Rice125,12475,2381,130,64814,880660,9792,006,869

Sorghum104,6941,01959,12900164,842

Sweetpotao23,7892,1553,00807,52636,478

Wheat107,419154,173987,887227,19771,1961,547,872

Yam42,78799008042,966

Total1,078,315592,1262,455,826342,4521,068,984

Calories per capita1,6731,4611,7411,7042,373

Ave Population 2002-04 (1000)644,407405,4251,410,300201,020450,532

AngolaArgentinaBangladeshKazakhstanCambodia

BeninBrazilIndiaKyrgyzstanIndonesia

BotswanaBelizeMaldivesRussian FederationLaos

Burkina FasoBoliviaNepalTajikistanMyanmar

BurundiCosta RicaPakistanTurkmenistanPhilippines

CameroonEcuadorSri LankaUzbekistanViet Nam

Central African RepublicEl Salvador

ChadGuatemala

Congo, Dem Republic ofHonduras

Côte d'IvoireMexico

DjiboutiParaguay

EritreaPeru

Estonia

Ethiopia

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Latvia

Lesotho

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Tanzania, United Rep of

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Ranking

CropAfricaLatin AmericaSouth AsiaCentral AsiaSoutheast AsiaTOTAL

Rice125,12475,2381,130,64814,880660,9792,006,869

Wheat107,419154,173987,887227,19771,1961,547,872

Maize256,286190,75967,4813,10063,906581,532

Cassava174,71924,21416,263044,074259,271

Groundnut49,3355,2916,595271166,372227,864

Millet82,889081,9771,7991,221167,885

Sorghum104,6941,01959,12900164,842

Potato13,46418,60846,46540,9033,324122,764

Beans, dry39,25842,32526,38408,278.88116,246

Barley14,77120,6597,03753,3994,326100,192

Plantain36,42429,30319026,36492,109

Banana6,75127,47811,34590211,33657,811

Yam42,78799008042,966

Sweetpotato23,7892,1553,00807,52636,478

Lentils60380711,5890012,999

BeninBrazilIndiaKyrgyzstanIndonesia

BotswanaBelizeMaldivesRussian FederationLaos

Burkina FasoBoliviaNepalTajikistanMyanmar

BurundiCosta RicaPakistanTurkmenistanPhilippines

CameroonEcuadorSri LankaUzbekistanViet Nam

Central African RepublicEl Salvador

ChadGuatemala

Congo, Dem Republic ofHonduras

Côte d'IvoireMexico

DjiboutiParaguay

EritreaPeru

Estonia

Ethiopia

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Latvia

Lesotho

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Tanzania, United Rep of

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sheet2

Sheet3

How to Get the Job Done by 2030

Big Push!$160m

Hub & Spoke Scale Up$410m

Big Pull!$20m

Ensure that an on-going supply of germplasm is available of the right quality, nutritional value

and most desired traits

Ensure biofortification is embedded into national and

international policy, and implemented across the supply

chain through Technical Assistance in 30 Countries

Generate global demand for biofortified foods & ingredients

by partnering with public & private sectors to develop sustainable procurement

policies

Role: CORENo change

Renew focus on Mainstreaming Rice, Maize, Wheat

Role: CORENo change

Scale Up from 8 to 30 countriesCreate Knowledge hubs

Research & Technical assistanceEducation & Extension Services

Role: DIFFERS MARKET BY MARKET:

Public Private PartnershipsSustainable Inclusive Biz models

Capability Building

HarvestPlus in Bangadesh

GO- 5NGO- 25PS- 2 associations

(300 seed companies)

Additional Crop in Cropping Pattern

AmanSharna

(155 days)

Fallow

(70 Days)

BoroBRRI dhan28

(140 days)Bef

ore

Now

AmanBRRI dhan62(100 days)

BoroBRRI dhan64/ BRRI dhan28

(135- 140 days)

Mustard/ lentil/ vegetables

(125-130 days)

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Share of Energy Source & Food Budget in Rural BangladeshConsequences Mineral & Vitamin DeficienciesSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12>150 Varieties Released Across 12 cropsFunctional OutcomesHarvestPlus Delivery GoalsSeverity of Micronutrient Deficiencies:�Vitamin A, Iron, and ZincSlide Number 17How to Get the Job Done by 2030HarvestPlus in BangadeshAdditional Crop in Cropping Pattern