Machado, Joao (2007) Swimming. Retrieved from: http://www.theworldclass.co.uk/activities/map-joao-machado/

Pamela Talero OTD, OTR/L, CPAM

A Global Journey:Using a Culturally Responsive Care Educational

Model to understand occupation in context

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Articulate the relationship between culture and human occupation, enablement, and justice, in providing culturally responsive care in occupational therapy

2. Analyze how different worldviews and practices regarding health, illness/disease, and disability shape occupation using a culturally responsive care educational model.

3. Describe the components of basic effective enabling practices to mediate agreement on a plan in a cross-cultural therapeutic scenario.

MAPS

Territory vs Map - People Maps (Robbins, 2009)-Culture Maps (Meyer, 2014)

http://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/philadelphia_explained_paula_scher_pentagram_01-818x508.jpg

CulturE• Complex concept

• Multiple definitions

• Shared spheres of experience and meaning as well as the processes involved in creating, ascribing and maintaining meaning to objects and phenomena in the world (Bonder, Martin, & Miracle, 2004; Christiansen & Townsend, 2010; Doll, 2011; Iwama, Thomson, & Macdonald, 2011; Kleinman & Benson, 2006; Pollard & Sakellariou, 2012)

Hecho por Ed Fairburn http://edfairburn.com/

Cross-cultural Encounter

Interactions of two or more individuals who enact significantly different worldviews based on social norms that derive from cultural groups which possess unique sets of values and beliefs(Merriam-Webster, 2016; Pollard & Sakellariou, 2012)

http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/60/6065/LEAD100Z/posters/leo-cullum-happy-penguin-looking-at-upside-

down-globe-antarctica-is-on-top-new-yorker-cartoon.jpg

CARE

A value, an ethic, and a moral imperative that moves self-determination into social responsibility and uses knowledge and strategic thinking to decide how

to act in the best interests of others (Gay, 2010, p.47)

http://smashingpicture.com/emotional-photography-by-steve-mccurry/

CulturallyResponsive Care

Equitable, empathetic and contextualized care that is in sync with the shared experiences and meanings of diverse peoples aiming to reduce health inequalities while enabling participation and social inclusion (Gay, 2002; Gay, 2010; Iwama,2005; Iwama, Thomson, & Macdonald, 2011; Muñoz, 2007; Ring, Nyquist, Mitchell, Flores, & Samaniego, 2008; Trentham, Cockburn, Cameron, & Iwama, 2007; Whiteford & Wright St. Clair, 2002).

Educational Model CRCOT-SL

context

The circumstances, objects, habitat or conditions that form the setting in which occupation is embedded. It is typically interchangeable with ‘environment’ (the area in which something/someone exists or lives). It is contingent on the person’s experiences (Christiansen & Townsend, 2010; Moran, Harris, & Moran, 2011).

occupationenablement

justice

ParticipationThe act of taking part or sharing in something. Involvement in any of life’s occupations in a given context (Christiansen & Townsend, 2010)

Social InclusionThe process in which people are engaged within a context, where they feel valued, their differences respected, and their basic needs met so they can live in dignity and integrated to the social, economic, political and cultural systems within the community (Whiteford & Hocking, 2012)

Principios, Areas y Componentes de CRCOT-SL

Learning Process CRCOT

Narrative Imagination“The ability to think what it might be like to be in the shoes of a person different from oneself, to be an intelligent reader of another person’s story, and to understand the emotions and wishes and desires that someone so placed might have” (Nussbaum M. C., 1997, p.11; Von Wright, 2002)

http://imgarcade.com/1/putting-yourself-in-someone-elses-shoes/

Exercise No. 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUO59Emi3eo

CRITICAL REFLEXIVITY

http://ecosfron.org/2014/12/nuevo-seminario-de-reflexion-critica/

The ability to reflect upon the consistency of the discourses and to question the conditions under which knowledge and claims are constructed and accepted (Phelan, 2011; Whiteford & Townsend, 2011)

Exercise No. 2

COOKING

CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS

A reflective awareness of power and priviledgeand its influence in social relationships (Angell, 2012; Kumagai& Lypson, 2009; Pitner& Sakamoto, 2005) “… and an appraisal of resultant consequences for individual and collective wellbeing” (Kronenberg, Pollard, & Ramugondo, 2011, p.2)

https://thedeltawave.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/da.jpg

Exercise No. 3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVp9Z5k0dEE

CRITICAL ACTION

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8460714/The-2011-Pulitzer-Prize-for-photography-winners.html?image=3

The ability to systematically reflect, on action and in action, upon one’s work with real people and real issues, improving the rationality and justice of one’s (a) own social or educational practices, (b) own understanding of these practices, and (c) the situations in which the practices are carried out. (Barnett, 2000; Mace & Hocking, 2010; Kumagai& Lypson, 2009)

Exercise No. 4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD3OjgBi-EU

SOME RESOURCES

People & Power. Al JezeeraOpen Society Foundations- YouTube Channelwww.crackingthecodes.org- WorldTrustTV

Youtube ChannelTEDTalksPoverty, Inc.- DocumentaryVolunteerism http://www.dimensionsofculture.com/

ReferencesAdichie, C. (2009, October). TED. Ideas worth sharing. Retrieved August, 2016, from ChimamandaAdichie: The danger of a single story: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story.htmlAngell, A. M. (2012). Occupation-centered analysis of social difference: contributions to a socially responsive occupational science. Journal of Occupational Science, iFirst article, 1-13.Awaad, T. (2003). Culture, cultural competency and occupational therapy: a review of the literature. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66, 356-362.Bailey, F., & Dolan, A. (2011). The meaning of partnership in development: lessons for development education. Policy & Practice: A Development Education Review, 30-48. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue13Balcazar, F. E., Suarez-Balcazar, Y., & Taylor-Ritzler, T. (2009). Cultural competence: development of a conceptual framework. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31, 1153-1160.Barnett, R. (2000). University knowledge in an age of supercomplexity. Higher Education, 40, 409-422.Black, R. M., & Wells, S. A. (2007). Culture & occupation. A model of empowerment in occupational therapy. Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.Block, P., Kasnitz, D., Nishida, A., & Pollard, N. (Eds.). (2016). Occupying disability: critical approaches to community, justice, and decolonizing disability . London, UK: Springer .Bonder, B. R., Martin, L., & Miracle, A. W. (2002). Culture in clinical care. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, Inc.Bonder, B. R., Martin, L., & Miracle, A. W. (2004). Culture emergent in occupation. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58, 159-168.

References (Contd.)Christiansen, C. H., & Townsend, E. A. (2010). Introduction to occupation. The art and science of living. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.Doll, J. D. (2011). Cross-cultural service-learning: An introduction and best practices. In K. Flecky, & L. Gitlow, Service-learning in occupational therapy education. Philosophy and practice (pp. 59-89). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC.Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 106-116.Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching. Theory, research, and practice. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Iwama, M. K. (2005). Situated meaning: an issue of culture, inclusion, and occupational therapy. In F. Kronenberg, S. S. Algado, & N. Pollard, Occupational therapy without borders. Learning from the spirit of the survivors (pp. 127-139). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER.Iwama, M. K., Thomson, N. A., & Macdonald, R. M. (2011). Situaded meaning: a matter of cultural safety, inclusion and occupational therapy. In F. Kronenberg, N. Pollard, & D. Sakellariou, Occupational therapies without borders. Volume 2. Towards an ecology of occupation-based practices (pp. 85-92). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER.Kleinman, A., & Benson, P. (2006). Anthropology in the clinic: the problem of cultural competency and how to fix it. PLoS Med, 3. Retrieved May 2013, from http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/research/benson/Anthropology%20in%20the%20Clinic.pdfKronenberg, F., Pollard, N., & Ramugondo, E. (2011). Introduction: courage to dance politics. In F. Kronenberg, N. Pollard, & D. Sakellariou, Occupational Therapies Without Borders. Towards an Ecology of Occupation-Based Practices (Vol. 2, pp. 1-16). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER.

References (Contd.)Kumagai, A. K., & Lypson, M. L. (2009). Beyond cultural compentece: critical consciousness, social justice, and multicultural education. Acad Med, 84, 782-787.Kumaş-Tan, Z., Beagan, B., Loppie, C., MacLeod, A., & Frank, B. (2007). Measures of cultural competence: examining hidden assumptions. Acad Med, 82, 548-557.Mace, J., & Hocking, C. (Eds.). (2010). Broadening horizons: a professional resource for occupational justice and participation. Retrieved September 15, 2012, from AUT University: http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/106038/Broadening-Horizons-e-Version.pdfMeyer, E. (2014). The Culture Map: breaking through the invisible boundaries of global business . New York: PublicAffairs .Moran, R. T., Harris, P. R., & Moran, S. V. (2011). Global leaders and communications. In R. T. Moran, P. R. Harris, & S. V. Moran, Managing cultural differences. Leadership skills and strategies for working in a global world (pp. 37-71). Burlington, MA, US: Elsevier, Inc. .Muñoz, J. P. (2007). Culturally responsive caring in occupational therapy. Occup Ther Int, 14, 256-280.Nussbaum, M. (2002). Education for citizenship in an era of global connection. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 21, 289-303.Nussbaum, M. C. (1997). Cultivating humanity. A classical defense of reform in liberal education. Cambridge, MA: Harvad University Press.Phelan, S. K. (2011). Constructions of disability: a call for critical reflexivity in occupational therapy. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78, 164-172.Pitner, R. O., & Sakamoto, I. (2005). The role of critical consciousness in multicultural practice: examining how its strength becomes its limitation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 684-694.

References (Contd.)Pollard, N., & Sakellariou, D. (Eds.). (2012). Politics of occupation-centred practice. Reflections on occupational engagement across cultures. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ring, J. M., Nyquist, J. G., Mitchell, S., Flores, H., & Samaniego, L. (2008). Curriculum for culturally responsive health care. The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training . Oxxon, OX UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.Robbins, S. L. (2009). What if? short stories to spark diversity dialogue. Boston, MA, US: Nicholas BrealeyPublishing .Talero, P., Kern, S. B., & Tupé, D. A. (2015). Culturally responsive care in occupational therapy: an entry-level educational model embedded in service-learning. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 22, 95-102.Trentham, B., Cockburn, L., Cameron, D., & Iwama, M. (2007). Diversity and inclusion within an occupational therapy curriculum. Aust Occup Ther J, 54, S49-S57.Tupe, D. A., Kern, S. B., Salvant, S., & Talero, P. (2015). Building International Sustainable Partnerships in Occupational Therapy: A Case Study. Occupational therapy international, 22, 131-140.Von Wright, M. (2002). Narrative imagination and taking the perspective of others. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 21, 407-416.WFOT. (2009). Diversity matters: guiding principles on diversity and culture. WFOT. Retrieved from WFOT.Whiteford, G. E., & Hocking, C. (Eds.). (2012). Occupational Science. Society, inclusion, participation . West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Whiteford, G., & Townsend, E. (2011). Participatory occupational justice framework (POJF, 2010): enabling occupational participation and inclusion. In F. Kronenberg, N. Pollard, & D. Sakellariou, Occupational therapies without boarders. Volume 2. Towards an ecology of occupation-based practices (pp. 65-84). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER.Whiteford, G., & Wright St. Clair, V. (2002). Being prepared for diversity in practice: occupational therapy students' perceptions of valuable intercultural learning experiences. Br J Occup Ther, 65, 129-137.