Agenda2.21.12

QUIZ…

1. List the four long-term causes of WWI.2. What two countries were in competition

over the Balkans?3. Who assassinated the Archduke Franz

Ferdinand?4. Where was the Archduke from?5. Why was the Archduke targeted by the

Black Hand Gang?6. How did the assassination lead to WWI?

Agenda2.23.11

Drill – Review: list the 4 long-term causes of WWI and list the countries that comprised the Allies and the Triple Entente Imperialism Militarism Alliances Nationalism Allies: G, A-H, Italy versus Entente: Britain,

France and Russia Read 16.2, write down ONE thing that you

learn from the book that is different from today’s notes.

Why would a country abandon its alliance?

WWI: War Consumes Europe16.2

The Alliance System Collapses

After the assassination of the archduke, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Led to chain reaction:Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia (with

Germany’s unconditional support)Russia helps Serbia, attacks Austria-

Hungary AND GermanyGermany declares war against RussiaRussia asks France for help

The Schlieffen Plan Designed by General von Schlieffen of

Germany Plan to deal w/ 2-front war. Crush France, then Russia The Germans could not get into France, so

went through Belgium

WAR TORN FOREST…

Belgium was officially “neutral” German invasion outraged the British British declared war on Germany too Soon the two alliances (the Triple Alliance

and the Triple Entente) changed their names –

Allies vs. The Central Powers

Allies: Central Powers:

Great Britain, France, Russia = Original allies

Italy – joined the Allies (switched sides)

Center of Europe Germany and

Austria-Hungary: the original two

Joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

Belgians blew out a bridge to halt the Germans

French tank stuck in German trench

A Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front Germany attacks France Results in stalemate Deadlocked region = The Western Front

French soldier training an American

The Battle of the Marne

French FINALLY defeat the Germans in the valley of the Marne River (north of Paris).

Battle = important Showed the Germans the Schlieffen Plan

would not work.

Trench Warfare Trenches are like big ditches Muddy and rat infested; sleep was impossible Land b/w trenches = “no man’s land.” New technology made war more violent Battle of Verdun, the French and Germans

EACH lost more than 300,000 men By the end of the Battle of the Somme

(November 1916) each side had lost a half a million soldiers

“NO MAN’S LAND”

SOLDIERS REPAIRING A TRENCH…

The Battle on the Eastern Front Eastern front = land b/w Germany and Russia Russians and Serbs versus Germans,

Austrians and Turks Central Powers killed more than 30,000

Russians in one battle

GERMAN SOLDIERS AIMING AT THE ENEMY…

Russia Falls Apart

By 1916, Russia was near collapse – low on supplies. Ports blocked by the Ottomans and the Germans

Russia’s HUGE population helped them stay in the war.

Russians lost more than 2 million soldiers in 1915 alone

AMERICAN SOLDIERS THROWING HAND GRENADES…