A Fresh Look at Ecological Condition Indices for Southwest ......C urr y C reek M et hany C r ee k C...
Transcript of A Fresh Look at Ecological Condition Indices for Southwest ......C urr y C reek M et hany C r ee k C...
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A Fresh Look at A Fresh Look at Ecological Condition Indices forEcological Condition Indices for
Southwest FloridaSouthwest Florida’’s s Urbanizing Tidal StreamsUrbanizing Tidal Streams
E.D. ESTEVEZE.D. [email protected]@mote.org
MOTE MARINE LABORATORY ~ SARASOTA, FLORIDA USAMOTE MARINE LABORATORY ~ SARASOTA, FLORIDA USA
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Sarasota County Integrated Water Sarasota County Integrated Water Resource Management InitiativeResource Management Initiative
Watershed scale• Water supply• Flood control• Natural resources
Need for Performance
Measures
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Marine
Unconsolidated (mud, sand, shell) Substrate
Floral-BasedAlgal Bed Seagrass Bed
Tidal Marsh Tidal Swamp
Key EcologicalConsiderations
Mineral-BasedConsolidated (limerock, coquina) Substrate
Faunal-Based
Coral Reef Mollusk/Worm ReefSponge Bed Octocoral Bed
Salinity regime, tidal flushing, water transparency, wave energy, storms
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Biological index forBiological index forcounty streamscounty streams
Small
Tidally influenced
Urbanizing
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Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
Geographic homogeneity?
Watershed heterogeneity?
Extremes in watershed condition?
Differences in associated tidal streams?
Candidate metrics?
Behavior of prototypic index?
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Southeastern Plains Ecoregion (#65)65f– Southern Pine Plains and Hills 65g – Dougherty/Marianna Plains 65h – Tifton Upland/Tallahassee Hills
Southern Coastal Plains Ecoregion (#75) 75a – Gulf Coast Flatwoods 75b – Southwestern Florida Flatwoods 75c – Central Florida Ridges and Uplands 75d – Eastern Florida Flatwoods 75e – Okeefenokee Swamps and Plains 75f– Sea Island Flatwoods
Southern Florida Coastal Plains Ecoregion (#76)76a – Everglades 76b – Big Cypress 76c – Miami Ridge/Atlantic Coastal Strip 76d – Southern Coast and Islands
65f 65g
65h 75e75f
75c
75b
75d
76b76c
76d
75a
76a
Eco-regions of Florida
Panhandle
Peninsula
Northeast
Louisianan Province Carolinian Province
West IndianProvince
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Streams of Southwest Florida are Similar Because Streams of Southwest Florida are Similar Because ……
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…… The Coast of Southwest Florida isThe Coast of Southwest Florida isFairly Homogeneous RespectingFairly Homogeneous RespectingPhysiography Gulf Coastal LowlandsCooke, 1939Geography Western Flatlands Davis, 1943Coastal Classification West-Central Barrier Chain Davis, 1997Geology Coastal Lowlands Puri & Vernon, 1964Exposed Aquifer Surficial Miller, 1990Environmental Geology Shelly Sand and Clay Kautz et al., 1998Soils Spodosols Carlisle, 1981Sediments Holocene Quartz Sand Hayes, 1975Marine Geology Peorian Wilhelm & Ewing, 1972Shoreline Type Sandy Coast Johnson & Barbour, 1990Wave Climate Low Tanner, 1960Tides Mixed Provost, 1973
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…… And Also RespectingAnd Also Respecting(Continued)
Tides Microtidal Nummedal et al., 1977Sea Level Rise Eustatic-dominated National Academy, 1987Climate Subhumid Mesothermal Henry, 1998Hurricane Risk 17.5 Percent NOAA/NWC, 2002Hydrology SWCFGW Basin Estevez et al., 1991River Type Sand-Bottomed Beck, 1965River Type Blackwater Nordlie, 1990Terrestrial Botany Pine Flatwoods Abrahamson & Hartnett, 1990Marine Botany Tropical Earle, 1969Marine Zoology Transitional Collard & D’Asaro, 1973Ecoregion Southwestern Florida Flatwoods Barbour et al., 1996
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Tidal Stream NumberTidal Stream Number
20 overall in Sarasota County
(4 in Myakka River system)
16 coastal, tidal streams
One per two miles of coast
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Total Undeveloped
Sarasota County Creeks
Hudso
n
Methan
y Cree
kW
hittak
er
Clower
Creek
Phillip
pi Cree
k Allig
ator
Woo
dmere
North C
reek
Catfish
Curry C
reek
Hatche
tt
Cow P
en S
lough
Myakk
ahatc
hee
Forked
Little
Salt
Cree
k
South
Creek
Gottfrie
dAing
er
Deer P
ririe C
reek
Myakk
a Rive
r
Perc
enta
ge
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
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Total Wetlands
Sarasota County Creeks
Methan
y Cree
kHud
son
Clower
Creek
Whittak
er
Phillip
pi Cree
k
Little
Salt
Cree
kNort
h Cree
kW
oodm
ereHatc
hett
Curry C
reek
Alligato
r
Myakk
ahatc
hee
Catfish
Gottfrie
dAing
erFork
ed
Cow P
en S
lough
South
Creek
Myakk
a Rive
r
Perc
enta
ge
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
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Total Impervious
Sarasota County Creeks
Deer P
ririe C
reek
Myakk
a Rive
r
Cow P
en S
lough
Forked
Little
Salt
Cree
kGott
fried
Ainger
South
Creek
North C
reek
Curry C
reek
Whit
taker
Woo
dmere
Phillip
pi Cree
k Allig
ator
Methan
y Cree
kHatc
hett
Catfish
Clower
Creek
Hudso
n
Myakk
ahatc
hee
Perc
enta
ge
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
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% County Population
Sarasota County Creeks
Deer P
ririe C
reek
Ainger
Clower
Creek
Little
Salt
Cree
kNort
h Cree
k
South
Creek
Whittak
erFork
ed
Gottfrie
dHatc
hett
Myakk
a Rive
r
Cow P
en S
lough
Curry C
reek
Methan
y Cree
kCatf
ishHud
son
Woo
dmere
Alligato
r
Myakk
ahatc
hee
Phillip
pi Cree
k
Perc
enta
ge
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
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Population Density per Acre
Sarasota County Creeks
Deer P
ririe C
reek
Ainger
Myakk
a Rive
r
Myakk
ahatc
hee
Cow P
en S
lough
South
Creek
Gottfrie
dFork
ed
Little
Salt
Cree
kWhit
taker
North C
reek
Curry C
reek
Hatche
tt Catf
ish
Phillip
pi Cree
k Allig
ator
Clower
Creek
Methan
y Cree
kHud
son
Woodm
erePe
rcen
tage
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
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Septic Density per Acre
Sarasota County Creeks
Deer P
ririe C
reek
South
Creek
Myakk
a Rive
rAing
erHud
son
Cow P
en S
lough
Hatche
tt
Myakk
ahatc
hee
North C
reek
Curry C
reek
Forked
Clower
Creek
Whittak
erCatf
ishGott
fried
Little
Salt
Cree
k
Methan
y Cree
k
Phillip
pi Cree
k Allig
ator
Woodm
ere
Perc
enta
ge
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
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Watershed ConditionWatershed Condition……
Varies substantially
Whitaker, Hudson, Woodmere
versusSouth, Gottfried, Ainger
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Location of Gottfried Creek and Ecological and Chemistry Sampling Sites
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Location of Whitaker Bayou and Walker Creek, and Ecological and Chemistry Sampling Sites
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Gottfried Whitaker
Percent DO< 4mg/l 36 86No. Bottom Types 21 17% Natural Bottom Types 76 47Problem Sediments No YesHardened Shorelines Present Dominant
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Gottfried Whitaker
Wetland Species No. 6 3Wetland Cover Extensive SparseSeagrass Species 2 0
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Gottfried Whitaker
Oyster Cover ModerateSparse
No. Mollusk Species 20 9Oligohaline Indicators 2 0Intertidal Index Candidates 3 0Total Species Richness 45 24
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River sketch
Source: From Odum et al., (1984).
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Next StepsNext Steps
Develop prototype tidal stream index based on
FDEP river habitat and marine benthic habitat
assessment protocols
Apply to all sixteen tidal streams
Evaluate index performance
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FDEP Coordination EffortsFDEP Coordination Efforts
December 2005 meeting- Sarasota
January, February 2006 exchange of
scopes and reports
March 2006 meeting- Tallahassee
April 2006 conference call
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Human Disturbance Factor Analysis (Florida system)
Landscape level Landscape Development Intensity Index
Habitat alteration Habitat assessment data
Hydrologic modificationHydrologic scoring process
Chemical PollutionAmmonia, etc.
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Summary of the Landscape Development Intensity* Coefficients
Category CoefficientNatural System 1Pine Plantation 1.6Pasture 3.4Row Crops 4.5Residential (low) 6.8Residential (high) 7.6Commercial 8.0Industrial 8.3Commercial (high) 9.2Business District 10.0
*Developed by MarkBrown, University ofFlorida, based on non-renewableEnergy inputs, Odom’s “EmbodiedEnergy” concept.
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Human Disturbance Factors:Quantifying NPS Pollution
Landscape level Landscape Development Intensity Index
Habitat alteration Habitat assessment data
Hydrologic modificationHydrologic scoring process
Chemical PollutionAmmonia, etc.
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Curry Creek at U.S. 41 Salinity and Average DARB Watershed Rainfall 7/10/2003-8/18/2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
7/10
/03
15:3
0
7/12
/03
17:3
0
7/14
/03
19:3
0
7/16
/03
21:3
0
7/18
/03
23:3
0
7/21
/03
1:30
7/23
/03
3:30
7/25
/03
5:30
7/27
/03
7:30
7/29
/03
9:30
7/31
/03
11:3
0
8/2/
03 1
3:30
8/4/
03 1
5:30
8/6/
03 1
7:30
8/8/
03 1
9:30
8/10
/03
21:3
0
8/12
/03
23:3
0
8/15
/03
1:30
8/17
/03
3:30
8/19
/03
5:30
Date / Time
Salin
ity (p
pt)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Rai
nfal
l (In
ches
)
Rainfall Salinity
Salinity at Curry Creek / U.S. 41 compared torainfall in the Myakka River basin
7/10/2003 – 8/18/2003
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Desirable Metric Qualities
Ecologically Justified
Discriminating
Represent Integrity
Precise
Sufficient range of values
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Metric Selection Criteria
Meaningful measure of ecological structure or function
Strong and consistent correlation with human disturbance
Statistically robust, low measurement error
Represent multiple categories of biological organization
Cost-effective to measure
Not redundant with other metricsException: “response signature” metrics
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Attribute GroupsSYSTEM
PROCESSES
IDENTITY
TOLERANCE
RARE OR ENDANGERED
KEY TAXA
TAXONOMICCOMPOSITION
TROPHICDYNAMICS
PRODUCTIVITY
MATERIAL:CYCLES
PREDATION
RECRUITMENT
TAXARICHNESS
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
DOMINANCE
COMMUNITYSTRUCTURE
FEEDINGGROUPS
HABIT
VOLTINISM
INDIVIDUALCONDITION
DISEASE
ANOMALIES
CONTAMINANTLEVELS
DEATH
METABOLICRATE
TOXICITY TESTS RIVPACS
INVERTEBRATE IBI
INTEGRATEDBIOASSESSMENT
LIFE HISTORYATTRIBUTES
FISH IBI
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Floral Metrics
INTERTIDAL ZONATIONFILAMENTOUS ALGAE EXTENTFILAMENTOUS ALGAE COVERFLESHY ALGAE EXTENTFLESHY ALGAE COVERINTERTIDAL SAV SPECIES NUMBERINTERTIDAL SAV EXTENTINTERTIDAL SAV COVERSUBTIDAL SAV SPECIES NUMBERSUBTIDAL SAV EXTENTSUBTIDAL SAV COVER
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Faunal Metrics I
INTERTIDAL BIOTURBATION EXTENTINTERTIDAL BIOTURBATION COVERSUBTIDAL BIOTURBATION EXTENTSUBTIDAL BIOTURBATION COVERINTERTIDAL BARNACLE EXTENTSUBTIDAL BARNACLE EXTENTRAZOR CLAM EXTENTNUMBER OF RAZOR CLAM COHORTS
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Faunal Metrics II
INTERTIDAL OTHER CLAM EXTENTSUBTIDAL OTHER CLAM EXTENTINTERTIDAL PERIWINKLE EXTENTINTERTIDAL NERITE EXTENTBARE BOTTOM PUSHNET CRUSTACEAN ABUNDANCEVEGETATED BOTTOM PUSHNET CRUSTACEAN ABUNDANCEWOOD BORER SEVERITYFISH PATHOLOGY
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Sarasota County Comprehensive Oyster Monitoring Plan, March 2006