A framework on Water Governance for practitioners · Water Governance Functions • No...
Transcript of A framework on Water Governance for practitioners · Water Governance Functions • No...
A framework on Water Governance for practitioners
Presented by Panchali Saikia, SIWI
Swedish Water House Webinar12 May 2020
Water Crisis is a Governance Crisis
A. Akhmouch, F.N. Correia / Utilities Policy 43 (2016)
Practical guidance for decision makers and practitioners on how action-
oriented water governance processes can be meaningfully designed, and
ultimately, how to strengthen efforts aiming to improve water governance.
Unpacking water governance
Aims & Methods
The framework: “what” (the functions), “how” (the attributes), and
“what for” (the outcomes)
Laws, policies and strategies are developed, ratified and entered into force
Policy and
Strategy
Multilevel, multisectorial, multistakeholder cooperation mechanisms
Coordination
Formulation of actionable plans and estimation of costs, contingency plans
Planning & Preparedness
Ability to raise funds from different funding sources
Financing
Organisational, managerial, institutional arrangements that support/undermine the functioning of management entities.
Management arrangements
Systematic processes of collecting, analysing, evaluating, and using data to track performance and inform planning, decision-making.
Monitoring,
Evaluation & Learning
Legal mechanisms, enforcement to ensure that stakeholders fulfil their mandates, that standards, obligations and performance are maintained
Regulations
Systematically stimulate, develop, strengthen, maintain their capabilities over time to set and develop their goals and objectives
Capacity Development
Water Governance Functions
• No pre-established
sequence of functions
for all situations
• Functions are
interrelated
• All functions might not
be fully in place, when
a sector is being
established
• Level and the degree of
implementation of each
core governance
function will vary
depending on the
context.
What entails within each
functions, could either differ or
have common
elements/components across
different water areas
(WaS, WRs, TWs)
Functions across different water areas
Water Governance Attributes
Decision making at
different levels
(vertical) or layers
(horizontal) e.g.
nested, polycentric
Meaningful and active
involvement of a broad
spectrum of
stakeholders,including
vulnerable or
marginalised groups in
decision making
processes
Facilitate open
communication and
discussion through
mediums of debate,
dissent, mediation and
negotiation to create a
common ground of
collective action.
Recognising the rights
of individuals and
groups across di
erent categories,
needs and
vulnerabilities, and
without any kind of
discrimination
Officials/those that
have a responsibility in
water services or
water resources
management account
for their actions and
answer to those
they serve
Openness, public
access to information-
understand decision-
making processes that
affect them, are
knowledgeable about
the standards toexpect
from public officials
Decision-making
around water seeks to
identify and leverage
reliable technical
and scientific,
empirical and
contextual evidence
Processes and
institutions produce
results that meet the
needs of society while
making the best use of
resources at their
disposal
Multi-level
Participation
Accountability
Inclusiveness
Evidence-based
Transparency Efficiency
/Rule of law refers to
having legal
frameworks,mechanis
ms that are designed,
enforced impartially,
in a fair and non-
discriminatory manner,
reflective of HRBA
ability to self-
Organise,
learn,respond, cope,
use adaptive
management
strategies in
situations of
uncertainties, risk and
nonlinearities
(resilience context)
Deliberation
Adaptiveness
Impartiality
Achieve desired outcomes: ‘Four orders of outcomes’
Linkages to values and aspirations
Open Defecation Free (ODF) and Clean India Mission Nationwide Social and
behavioural changeCommunication programmes
‘watermap’, an open platform
launched where each households were
given a certain coloured dot,
depending on their water
consumption. This resulted in
decreased water consumption
City of Cape Town water services
(Waterfront, SIWI)
Thank you
Water governance is thus a combination of functions,
performed with certain attributes,
to achieve one or more desired outcomes,
all shaped by the values and aspirations of individuals and
organizations.
Concluding statements:
1. Although the operational definition directs towards outcomes there could be different entry points
2. Changing values can also be a valid entry point to work with governance
3. The framework will contribute to improved understanding of water governance through in future use:
• Practical application (at national and local level) basing the analysis on the proposed framework;
• To understand how countries self-assess their weaknesses in relation to the framework, and extract general common trends;
• To improve governance intervention design as a result of increased understanding of the water governance pathway
Applying the Water Governance Framework in planning: the WASH BAT and the City Water Resilience Approach
Presented by Ricard Giné, SIWI
Swedish Water House Webinar12 May 2020
Two planning tools
City Water Resilience Approach (CWRA)WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (WASH BAT)
• Output: A costed and prioritized plan to
remove the bottlenecks that constrains
progress in the WASH sector
• Scope: Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, WaSH
in Institutions // Rural, Urban, Peri-urban
// National / Sub-national
• Output: A detailed action plan to build
urban water resilience
• Scope: Urban Water System, including
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, and Water
Resources Management // City
Select Scope of Application
Adjust Building
Blocks + Score criteria
Identify Bottlenecks
Identify Causes of
Bottlenecks
Activities to Remove
Bottlenecks
Timeline, Priority and
Responsibility
Costs and Finances (5 years)
Allocation of Additional
Funds
Outputs, Sequence, M&E Plan
City Water Resilience Approach (CWRA)WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (WASH BAT)
In both cases, a tool and a process
City Water Resilience
Framework (CWRF)
OurWater digital tool
e.g., needs to achieve the 2030 Agenda for theWater & Sanitation Sector
e.g., identify the bottlenecks and its causes
e.g., select the activites to remove the bottlenecks and plan for it
e.g., implement the plan and achieve your goals
In both cases, a process and a tool
• Sector Policy and strategy
Sector Policy and strategy
• Coordination
• Service Delivery Arrangements
• Accountability & Regulation
Institutional Arrangements
• Budget & Expenditure
• Financing
Budget & Financing
• Planning
• M & E and learning
Planning, Monitoring and review
• Capacity Development
Capacity Development
• Political leadership
• Decentralisation
• Social Norms
Broader Enabling Environment
• Service Providers
Service Providers
WASH BAT: Integrating Water Governance Functions
WASH BAT: Identifying bottleneck and causes
Give Award Identify bottlenecks and causes
Leadership &
Strategy
Infrastructure &
Ecosystems
Health &
Wellbeing
Planning &
Finance
CWRA: Water Governance is a core component of CWRF
CWRF indicators and goals integrates water governance functions and attributes
➢ 4 Dimensions ➢ 12 goals ➢ 53 sub-goals➢ 63 qualitative
indicators
Assess the urban water resilience using CWRF governance indicators
Cape Town Greater Miami and Beaches
City Water Resilience Action Planning
Key remarks
The WASH BAT and CWRA contributes to improved planning and, ultimately, seek to create the enabling conditions necessary to perform governance initiatives (First Order of outcomes). This is done through a structured, multistakeholder dialogue and consensus-building, based on a comprehensive assessment of all governance functions, and integrating, where applicable, the most relevant governance attributes.
The Water Governance Framework helps …
• to structure and enable a comprehensive discussion - the functions capture the key elements and processes needed to develop and manage water services (what)
• to integrate governance qualities in the assessment - the attributes relate to how the functions are implemented
• to balance the values and aspirations of stakeholders – decisions are made through dialogue and consensus-building
Thank you!
Implementing the source-to-sea governance approachRuth Mathews, Senior Manager, SIWI
Unpacking Water Governance - A Framework for Practitioners
Swedish Water House Webinar| Stockholm, Sweden
12 May 2020
Four orders of outcome
Governance functions & attributes from source to sea
• What is the vision for the future?
• What is the current status of the source-to-sea system and what are the impacts of the changes?
• What behaviours need to change?
• What governance functions need to be in place for the changes in behaviour to occur?
• Who needs to be involved?
Addressing plastic leakage in the Vu Gia Thu Bon River Basin38.6 metric tons per day of plastics are not collected
Urban centres:Highest waste generation (in waste per capita and total amounts), highest collection rates (uncollected: 9.3 ton/day)
Low density settlements and rural areas:Lower waste generation (in waste per capita and total amounts), lower collection rates (uncollected: 22.1 ton/day).
Coastal and/or touristic areas:Higher risk of direct leakage and higher sensitivity to impacts (uncollected 7.3 ton/day).
Source-to-sea stakeholders
• Primary stakeholders: communities in urban, coastal, rural areas, tourism sector, fisher communities.
• Targeted stakeholders: citizens and tourists; waste service providers; waste collectors, transporters and workers; informal waste pickers; markets; dockyards
• Enabling stakeholders: Ministries: Natural Resources and Environment; Construction; Finance; Planning and Investment; Industry and Trade: Culture, Sport and Tourism; Peoples Committees (provincial, district, commune).
• Supporting stakeholders: GIZ, World Bank, ADB, JICA, Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Development Technology Organization (NEDO), China Everbright International Limited, GAIA, Zero Waste Alliance, Hoi An Tourist Association.
• External stakeholders: individuals and groups concerned about marine litter, e.g., Ocean Conservancy, SIWI, IUCN, etc.
The governance system conditions the practices used
•Policy & Strategy
•Coordination
•Planning & preparedness
•Financing
•Management arrangements
•Monitoring, Evaluation and
learning
•Regulation
•Capacity Development
FU
NC
TIO
NS
Source-to-sea governance is: Multi-level, Participatory, Deliberative, Inclusive, Accountable, Transparent, Evidence-based, Efficient, Impartial, Adaptive
Governance at all levels needs to target behaviour change to reach desired outcomes
.
• Implementing the source-to-sea approach: A guide for practitioners• How to implement the
source-to-sea approach in projects and programmes
• Source-to-sea framework for marine litter prevention: Preventing plastic leakage in river basins• Applying the source-to-sea
approach to marine litter prevention
Guidance on implementing the source-to-sea approach
https://www.siwi.org/what-we-do/source-to-sea/
Unpacking Water Governance:At transboundary scale
Kerry Schneider, Program Manager, SIWI
Transboundary Water Management: A Snapshot
Upstream vs Downstream ...
Rivers as Borders...
Water: a complex resource...A Nexus Approach
Natural
Social &Economic
Cultural
Political
Water Diplomacy
Water diplomacy recognizes that there are many different actors that have
the ability to create solution spaces for conflicts over water and that can
create windows of opportunity for cooperation over water. These actors are
inclusive of government officials (state and local level), non-
state/government actors, private sector, civil society, media, and others.
Water diplomacy can help to assess and generate opportunities for
cooperation in shared basins and improve water security.
Klimes, Martina and Yaari, Elizabeth. Water Security in the Middle East –Opportunities and Challenges for Water Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook on Middle East Security, Routledge, London.
Multi-track Water Diplomacy benefits
• Strengthen linkages - political and technical
• Problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships between parties
• Changes in attitudes, new thinking and joint ideas that can inform the official process
• Broaden the diplomatic space to engage stakeholders
• Create vision and shared understanding of technical and water related challenges and mutually beneficial solutions
• Maintain different channels of communication, options should formal relations deteriorate
Klimes, Martina and Yaari, Elizabeth. Water Security in the Middle East –Opportunities and Challenges for Water Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook on Middle East Security, Routledge, London.
(©SIWI/SWP, 2017)
Benefits of Participatory Governance
• Reflect user priorities
• Local buy in and support in implemeting policies
• Inform decision making
• Early warning/ Risk identification and mitigations (quantity and quality)
• More effective implementation and improved outcomes
• Improved access to water for marginalized groups
• Improved data collection
• Strengthens the enabling environment for water infrastructure investments
UNDP-SIWI Water Governance Facility. Issue sheet: Water governance. Stockholm: SIWI.
(©SIWI/SWP, 2017)
(©Auja Center CGIS Programme EcoPeace, 2010)
Coordination over shared waters
Photo Credit: Martina Klimes
Coordination is crucial amongst a diverse stakeholder group:
• Interministerial coordination (MFAs/Water Line/Chambers of Commerce)
• Formal Track I Diplomacy (Geopolitical)
• Across Sectors (Energy/Agriculture/Tourism)
Implementation of water governance’ coordination function – case from Central
Asia
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
EXPERTISE FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTwww.carececo.org
Anna Inozemtseva, DCoP for the Smart Waters project, Water initiatives support program
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
Basin Planning on Small Watersheds in CA
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
What is Small Basin Council?
• Basin Council – consultative-advisory body
• Structure:✓ SBC chair (1-2
persons)✓ Secretary of SBC (1-2
persons)✓ Members of SBC–10
to 30 people
• Goal and objectives:✓ Joint planning✓ WRM activities coordination✓ Joint elaboration of the vision for the basin
development
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
Case study –the Isfara River Basin
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
Isfara is the River of Friendship
• The River Day – 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019• Joint activities on cleaning the riverbed• Sport’ competition among the countries (on
local level)• Cultural program• Competition of the high-school essays and
paintings• Uzbekistan joined to the celebration in 2017
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
Isfara is the River of Friendship
Thank you!
www.carececo.org
www.riverbp.net
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia
www.carececo.org