A first look at Nunatsiavut fjord ecosystems · reconstruct past climatic and environmental trends....

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Tanya Brown, Ken Reimer, Tom Sheldon, Trevor Bell, Sam Bentley, Reinhard Pienitz, Martin Sharp, André Rochon, Michel Gosselin

Transcript of A first look at Nunatsiavut fjord ecosystems · reconstruct past climatic and environmental trends....

Page 1: A first look at Nunatsiavut fjord ecosystems · reconstruct past climatic and environmental trends. Paleoceanographic conditions in sub ‐ ... Angnatok, Nain, Labrador August 2010.

Tanya Brown, Ken Reimer, Tom Sheldon, Trevor Bell, Sam Bentley, 

Reinhard

Pienitz, Martin Sharp, André

Rochon, Michel Gosselin

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ArcticNet Nunatsiavut Nuluak

Concern about the ecological integrity of the  marine environment has been expressed in terms 

of the effects of climate change, industrialization  and contaminants.

ANN ‐

Understanding and responding to the  effects of climate change and modernization in  Nunatsiavut.

“Our beautiful land” “Net”

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A first look at Nunatsiavut fiord ecosystems

Introduction – overview of northern Labrador fiords

Climate and industrial impacts on sub‐arctic fiord ecosystems

Geological history of the fiords

Paleooceanographic

conditions in sub‐Arctic fiords

Marine records of riverine

water and sediment discharge

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A first look at Nunatsiavut fiord ecosystems

Establishing baseline conditions

Oceanographic environment

Biological indicators of change ‐

primary & secondary 

producers, seabed habitat mapping, ringed seal.

Relevance of research: people, communities, industries, 

national park, environment, government and policy.

Capacity building and education

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Industrialization and ResilienceT. Brown, T. Sheldon, N. Burgess, K. 

Reimer

Extent of PCB 

contamination‐

Max PCB 

concentrations in ERZ Brown et al. 2009, ES&T

1998

2006

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To understand recent climatic changes we need to look at the past 

environmental records.

Purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the natural 

variability of environmental conditions and human‐induced changes.

Using fossil diatoms and dinocysts

(indicator organisms) to help 

reconstruct past climatic and environmental trends.

Paleoceanographic

conditions in sub‐arctic fiords

R. Pienitz, T. Richerol, A. Rochon 

Saglek Fiord

OBJEC

TIVES

Resu

lts

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Nachvak

over the last 25 years: 

productivity

Cooling, followed by warming over the last 

5 years

salinity and     sea‐ice cover

Saglek over the last 15 years:

productivity

Warming

salinity and      sea‐ice cover

Anaktalak

over the last 12 years:

productivity, now increasing

Stable climate with peak temperature in 

1988

sea‐ice cover

Paleoceanographic

conditions in sub‐arctic fiords

R. Pienitz, T. Richerol, A. Rochon RE

SULT

S

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OBJEC

TIVES

Marine records of riverine

water and sediment discharge

Sam Bentley, Elisabeth  Kahlmeyer

Study recent marine records of fluvial sediment supply to sub‐arctic 

fiords.

• accumulation and dispersal of fluvial sediment

• mode of sediment delivery  from land to ocean

• thickness, extent, and age of sediment deposits

• temporal resolution for paleo‐environmental marine records

Provide a baseline assessment of environmental and hydrologic 

processes, and seabed characteristics in the fiords of northern 

Labrador

• Recent sediment accumulation rates compare well with postglacial

sediment thickness observed in sub‐bottom profiles in Nachvak

fiord

This suggests that postglacial sedimentation was on average 

constant

• Recent sediment accumulation rates are higher than average postglacial 

sedimentation in Saglek fiord

On average increasing sediment accumulation after onset of 

postglacial sedimentation

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OceanographyT. Brown, E. Estrada, M. Gosselin, L. Fortier, J. Tremblay, Y. Gratton

• phytoplankton composition, primary production• zooplankton composition and biomass• nutrient production rates• vertical profiles salinity and temperature• seasonal, temporal and latitudinal differences

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Seabed Habitat MappingTrevor Bell, Mallory Carpenter, Tanya Brown, Alison Copeland, Evan Edinger

Overall goal: Determine the nature and distribution of benthic 

habitats within northern Labrador fjords.

Benthos: organisms that live on, in or near the seabed.

Essential for development and implementation of resource management

practices and conservation and can be used to:(i) identify sensitive habitats as well as those important to fisheries.(ii) monitor habitats which may be susceptible to the impacts of

climate 

change and industrialisation.(iii) provide background information for the creation of policies 

regulating the harvesting of marine resources.

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Seabed Habitat MappingTrevor Bell, Mallory Carpenter, Tanya Brown, Alison Copeland, Evan Edinger

Essential for development and implementation of resource 

management and conservation.

Can be used to:• identify sensitive habitats as well as those important to 

fisheries.

• monitor habitats which may be susceptible to the impacts of 

climate change and industrialisation.

• provide background information for the creation of policies 

regulating the harvesting of marine resources.

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Valued country food for Inuit ‐

important part of their culture and health.

Key species in the arctic food web ‐

primary food for polar bears.

Exposed to many stressors: changing sea ice conditions, disease,

contaminants, industrial activity.

Especially vulnerable to contaminants – high in the marine food chain, 

large fat reserves, long life.

Ringed seals as sentinel species of ecosystem health in a 

changing environment Tanya Brown, Ken Reimer, Peter Ross, Aaron Fisk, Sara Iverson

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Juvenile maleSAGB‐2009‐005

Tagging study – Where are seals travelling and foraging?

Adult malePCBs = 278 ppbSAGB‐2008‐002

Juvenile malePCBs = 273 ppbSAGB‐2008‐001

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What are ringed seals eating? stomach contents, fatty acid signatures, stable isotopes

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Ringed seal health

Biochemical Measurements:

Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Thyroid hormones, 

CYP

& UDPGT

enzyme activity

Molecular Measurements (genomics):

3 genes representative of sample quality

8 toxicology genes

5 gene targets to assess nutritional health

Other measurements:

Body condition

Bone density

Histology on endocrine organs

Parasites (trichinella, toxoplasma, 

anisakidae, lungworm and heartworm)

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To detect changes in marine mammal health related to climate change, we 

need baseline data from which change can be evaluated (Burek

et al. 2008).

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Section on the importance of education  and capacity building in the two regions.

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“Because of this opportunity I now have a clear career goal  and if it wasn’t for this experience I wouldn’t be ready or  know what I want to do. Now I know that biology 

interests me therefore I am going into that field. I am  attending Holland College this fall and then continuing 

school at MUN

to fulfill my career goal.”

Dorothy  Angnatok, Nain, Labrador August 2010.

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Acknowledgments

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